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NaaneRahu 2 oroskeA
Class 8-1YCS ol Mo8-44

WSN Asignomen 1
plam uielejs sensoz newok 2
A wgeless semson netwozk_coMAisAs of
0aLe sHodio nu od a mwmber of wizeless
Semso s mocles
hanae herishics_af wiyeless sensos nelweyki
Keqizemends 8-SmoU sige, lagge 1umbes
ethe less_ amd low cOs
lomAhraineol 2y nerqy Computadion_ 0md
Communicadion s
Smaul Siae inplies 3Mma
hotey
- Loty cos omd emency inpleA lot
p0lweg
CPo,adto with minimum bamcleiolth
&212
-fd-hac_oleploygment
iplies no maiieunance
2 hatey eplacemeni-
- 1o inyeose Meiwcyk leme
no Or
olata s Agoumi Heod
27 ploin sing le mocle_drchi hectuge o
Metwol sens

hoosing he homdtware Componemhs fo

a wizeles
SeMsoy hos o consicleg Sige
Costs amd emequ ConSumpaioM of he nodup
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A hoaic Semsor Mocde Condainsfue moin

Conlonends Suchas Condolle Memon
enioyQnd actucdors Communkcokion deyice
Cno Powes Supply umik
Contrelez The Comtrolley is Ahe Ce of
Owielegs seMioy 20cll i _p7OCESS all the
geleuamt_coa Copoble of exe Cudima
a btnaru codle
Memoy bMeMUr is E4wrec o stoe
hoqamm mc 1de mecliate olaa sually
clitferet Aupes of memor ase uaec fo2
r0mams Cmd odata
Senuars1hese cam be Called the cleuice
Cndaol physica
fhat cam be dbseYve 0
paonameloy of enviroMMOt_
04
AcAuadons n e hua abot 04 divezse
Sensosyk foz puaposes af deignimo
fhe
elecdricalSigml vdo
a WSN that coverhs
hyA icol phe nomenun

ploin my0S
opem source, Flecble amc
y Os isam
specikc opteting syshem tor
Pcadicn
yelus Stms 1CAUKS
numbe of i n
C o n i d s 0 f alangR
wSN 2eative p0
Omd gi mul temesus amo meNony Ond
th siid
t207k u
La mius
poye Conshcunds
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Sent eoduttA
- Hos eveMA boaed ConctunYenc model
Conend baseal anchidecduA
ononend :hoay hclucde nekuoy prootols,
clisharibukeod services SenACYS no doolS
y OS ONemdoloiven excudioy mocle
plounsenuice Intertoces ot wiyelers
S e o Metworks

O1n bvent -clhiven_po41a2ming 4he floto of the

oqcm s clAeminee by eyends such as
Lwes octiom \moae clicks, keu_peses Seniy
oudputormessaog tom othes pooq4s
Evend -doiven paoqamng s the eocling oasacligm
rc in qphicol ue imieriace
3Interiaces de opeoiny syiem acks as
bowndot Ocoss tubch o mcepenclent syphems
pnee and act oy Comnuumlcode todh each othe
Use Interface-the 4Oy_boranc,mowe
meny o a comeputy Sushem
Eliccdion pmog amnimq Inkertace ts
a o Iderface allous dhe e do
Communicoto uith the 0S IA is set ot
Connands funckions odocols,amdobjeis
olrelod iwks, moclsthat
het_ogcommels
Cen e do eract Ah dn ehernal.
SUghem SeserS ockucdors, hansceiuS
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sis.cuS he advasndage of uleless SensOrS

t 1s sodoble omc hence Com accomodot
Ow21ew modts 0 cleviceg ad omy ime.
i s flezole @nc hene open
Pastiion
to_phystcal
A he WSN Modu caun be accessec threugh
ceynt religec moitozing cyatem
Hs1 is wireless natusti does o
qur e whyeg 0 cahle
SN Cam be applio m laog scale Ond
Voi@l olomaimi Such CA Minehecdhca
Suveillamce ,aqicutu elc
ILac cuiferend seuurihy olgoithrL
ey underlysinq wreless echnalog tes and
nence rovicle ekble nettwerk tor
COmSLmers o wsess

6 ho is actewoy Exploim_Getuy Cokepls 2

OGotawoiae eca ot nelwokinq honclwore

O CofAwoge ued n AelkoynmuniadtcMs taz
neLongks thad alloeus clata o flotw fom_one
asCaeot1 nelwogk Jo amother
ielus senco neAtoozks, qaBeuiay oeuice4_
Main
osdloda 'communicadion hetween
doda meBupyk and twiyeless ticld device
9enable alpliadlom leuel acces o theae
sHctioy
tield device fyom cendral mortoing SiaiOy
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h e gakeooy s a tel 0 ho toro

Convesdors, Commanol 1dota forwaedey @ndl alo
Cam be eol a4 secunity manao inneiony
fo prc.ckical leploymend,a sens 2eterk
nuy Comcerneol h itself. is insutfitient
6Mhe netuyk ond athes has Ao be able to
Yndeoe ith other informadion deuices
md th iwhesoadeuay Come nto fhe ficha

lain agelicadiom areos of wyeled cens

Metlwor ke in_hoet

0Mihanyapalicadions fesstbly wSN is

am essendial iegmcnt of militmy ndelkgene
fac ity Contool communicolioys comluting
ndline 3uyeillomce ivedigokican amd
HangeAlng uphems
OApplicdion im Hye moxinoymg nthe
peck the seu nocle a DosAiomed ove
n orea wheio Cme dispax is do be nbsewe
twhenthe senss ohce he OCuOmce beng
abserved,the dCLraice 1s Con vey ed Ae dne
Lo the dase shoudians which then tokes odton
opp.opiably.
)1 amnaion AplicadioruÁTaffic shetic
amd is heina Coposed oy WSMs o loute
foraog Tos podedion maoi and keep the
ives oh_alest f _posehle congdion invaffic
MealcoHealth a0llicodiorn'WSN Q
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Aechin eas of cliaq no sics investigaiye

Ome caug admiisAradion a wel 4 manogeme
8 hich duper ak haadtuare is aeauiarcd by wSH2
0onko e is o Co Te of he wneless gensoy
mocde poces all the ncleuad alada
Capable0t neuding anbidalyCocde
Memny is eqLied 6 gtoye pooqamt
Omd imaer medLaie clada, 1LACyalolitltsreni f e
ot memYiswseo o pog90ms Omdl olofo.
Semsons hese Com be alleohe oleyice
had com obseave 0daol phyal
ponannely a enNinonmend
Acduaors cBuadozs ane aboud 0
ciuee Sensoys o the pupose af
desiqnina a SN co1Nex eledical sumal into
phy1co phenomenm
OAMsceiie tay commuricalm balh
AnamsDALtleg amd eceive
02 Ae2iyeol in
O2ems0 moclo Ao conves
a bi gizeam
COinAyom a muo coudrolles and ComNeAt
COmimo
Ahe Ao and m aclio uaueg

pin NecC
70NesCpaogmanmng lamguagi eo fo2
Hes Suppnds Ahc iny OS c5nUmexds
inyOS

does whole Crgro ualys a Con le

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k ne uwMch Am eswlk im
04aoueck oohumessoleteck yace condiaic
Opdimiaodiom tumokn Inkinog
MesC belng agdastic iangucgA oloes net
hawe fumedion polnters ma lloc.
aQnaph omo yaiauble access ae
Hnomot cople time

167DhsctHS didfeneut 0esiqn_pnples f wS

Disdoi bulcd raaigadichn
Loih ane stelaba kåy amd Ahe ochulmess
opioigadin gonl o1g eqirrol As orqasige
He medworls m cksthudeol foulm
hcedoel scol app0ach cam poduuce
Solutions that perdorm betler oz yeqive
ewe resoucey
Netuwuk hocessing lechmqLs
-flggradion1he ms that mtor madion is
aggmegated mlo a comcleseol Aonm in Moclas
Anteymkliate beA\ween Sougceg and skins aut
ofnfo proyicled b modes futheg
e_away
TomSinK
-Dhsdzibudeel Source lecing/oepocssen 1he
Cbjetiue s Ae ecacle dhe Imfoymatiwm
proviclcolhy seenal sermsoysu
uAing
Tad: Aional eocling Schemes which may be
Conplex foq some seysoy mods
Dishaibudel 2nd calehoative Signa 0ocesiy
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-Whem Comp\e ompudadions oy a cedomn

amouMnt ofloda is do be done Co he more
eMergyefideyd s Coupute these fumckiens
onhe
0 he
senstr Modes wing fas fouiea rafua
Mole cocla/fqend hased Netua,kin
-he idea of the mohle cople is d hawe a
cmall Coupauc epresedaticn ot mqcmm code
o be set fromnoclu do 10c Cods is
exCruked loca lya collechmg meauzemets
Cmd then degtelos wheye d be send ned
Adaptive fideey _amd caany
he iolea af malking ideliiy of Coupdehien
depencls uem the amo of energy uoilable.
har dhat pasticulaA cowpuadion.
-1hiy Comcept cam he eended frem a
Single yoolo to an etiye netwok:
k Data cendoictdy
nwele ss sn Or metwoylk, he inteyeAt
ofom appicadicom is actued iniormadion
cfoy tel abaut he Phyaica ewIwmmemt
- h methodf Cancentoradiny on doda
rcthosham idemAihy of necles is calal
dada ceMmtric netwoaing
Loloih laca nfogaiadio
-Aolhes wefd techigL s Aoexploi
locodo iformodion i torHni.coutiey
poonocolswhepeues such mtomake i y e s e
alant Acivnhy _patles
hepoodocel olaign Should be able to handl
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burshe of Anaff hy sueAchinq bekween

Madles of quienecence. nd of high akiuiy
plh Hekezoa rheity0
SemsczModes Co be hekero qemeauy by
Consiruchtdn, Ahats dheu hauc arges
0,
hatlerie futu ocoakine Commmicotionoleyisa
o MYe Oceschm owe
empem ent hoArs protoco| Shacks
heConcep 1icoleckin f Conpamet
which cam tom a basic ool hox o
potocols and olgorithms o build Lpem
H uiyelo Sency n eduerles Lil reaLire
Some fo7m ofphuatco MAC liala laze
prodoco ls outhme omd Aouspod' layus
funchimakga
ploin MANEI In uyelos eduoyks2
0Mobile Ad-ho nekuooyks Oe formed
omami alu y a n 0Lnome uA34tem ot-
Mobile modos ha Ore ConMeed vla
wrelo: Aiuks
No eaisdimq ntrasiauckure o
cenh yaliaed admini 9drokton-Mo b e stutiom
Mobile modlas a yee ko mave amdoyuly
Meduwok Aopaloay ehang Areaiedly
OMay operatu o tomdaloe fashiomoas
also mbe connectrel t laggt tejned
JLoch Mocla twerk as o u e
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n2 Asous mcdetoil MANET, wth appicodion 2

0acdical cAuogl4s Miliio Coimunicodion,

Outomaded bot le fielods
mg.emcySeyvice Seamh amd receu
opeaioMs.
-Disashes edoyek-Lagihauako, huTi came
) Loucakiono
-ViTdua classaaom o Conierence nooms
e t up ad hoc Comuniccdicm Oluring_
Cn erences, MeeAimg c lcctue
4Pone nd ondey hoimend2
Pome/offite_wieles nedtwoking
ferSono yea meluok.
-MullitAe qames
-Ouddcoy ndeshei acce5S

162pom sencoy ewosylkn brit

0 fA seno s a doyice usrel Ao godhe

noxonadioa abauut a phusim pmocecs amd
AY0nalat iuto elecdhcalSignals that am be
ores.ed, measus.ec and. 1alysd
) Ahe phuuiml process Cam be o n y l yozlek
An doymdicco tae denpretikt, poeA`LR eht
Sound,motion, flow, humiold
y ,oadzhion et.
seso nehuwzl4 s astyuctue
Cornsiing of sensurc, fryputuieomal wmil med
Communicotion eleme tor h DSe of
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ecording dhse ving Omc eadimgAo Qn

eueM phenmorientn
he euen Co be lilae phu iral tusozlo
am inodusdyial ewiynm.eomk biolag icaSudem
he Coitrollina o obierviuy bodlu can be
O Conswmeg oplitoicn qoVemmet aivl
mui llo am tnduytvod enhu
Sucdh Sensag neluwarke Cam be sccl foz
Ymo Sersingd medlial elemet,Suyeilamce
mo toyn data colledion elcr

whok au litand nnolindtchnohyie of WAN2

= 0 1 ha l hecmme possible to builol
twiyelu SUnso meBwoks uth Some ifumdamendal
Oclvances enabling echo lociek
EiastOmd A0emOsA_amo
aMDyheae dtchoolgies
isthe uniatuination of hamdwat.
SmaUefotuesiges imchips have_drlven
doLwn he poey Ostphono the hasic
omparnernts ot a stnor macde do a lael thad
h e euuckions of WSNs Cam he ntenpledal
h s40tcalasl oelewemt to micoacondhello
nd memory chpsand yaclio modenns
nepoatdle Aoy wyelegg omai.codiom
Reduced okip sige ond ivqaovurdemeaqy
elfciom is apnic by eoduceol cost, whch
mecescay to make ccuncdant, depbygnernt ot
LMocles oftondables
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61he acdual semsimg equupmenh is
he thid
sensimgschanolog 1ee Ao processimg and
Commugni.cotioms.

acdeires Nouk de ite

iobudo Fnubsded eduunykedd (o-0rda yotu
enHeyart periorm hia hus
hpnyAiro) lea task
Semsim4

152zlain uciope coytgainds ond challenges of

SH

ualay ofservice Bu
0 wSH cfte 1om other tonven diomal
Commnicodion mekunyks n the tupe af service
ney_oer
heAe nedwks esseandiallu 0yiue bit Aomn
me place to oono th e.
Some geneicoSsibilidies ane
-fend dekeckionepotmg p20bebillty
y e t classihi.coudion erYo1
-fyed odelecdionodehy
-Assing Aepends
Hpgorimatimacugan

- Ayachig aCCLan
Scalabli
he ob liky o laintaun per lonmonce
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chaneckenistic 19especkive o the sige of dhe

mettooz k seetyee o.as scalabilhdy
wSNpo Aendkal comsis hing of thouyomds
omodes,Scalabildy is cn oNiosly
esseniol aeyluvemenA:
Ahe need foy extreme 30biliHy ho dre
ComseauMces to the mo toco oleslgn
hem apenelty in peyiormamce o
Conplenhy ha ds be paicd for ama
meteorue
*Hohuanesc
Wyeless censor medworks sholo auo
Exhibl am ap2opriot nepudtmess
4heyshould mot cdl because a
lh ed mumbe of Moolos um ot o
eneig
emena GT becae o theia envarment
chomaes, Omd SEyVeg exisding acllo ltmks
loeiuwcem wonocls
1 f os:ble thexe fadlureshaue b e
Cogensott by Elclng athes oulu
16Wnile o shor no.Le om2
0Potwer Mamaqemeai
OSuihoking mdv.clual COMapon.e to
VOylas eleep s hole0 eduectng heiu
peHarnomce bu Snling cdown fyeqJLency
nd supply yolHag 0Ml selecting ptrticulas
Moculotiom and Cocling One omnint
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examples fo npe0svin mo g eitci ency

Dy mamics Qower maMaqemen ona
leyel Sytem
the po blenn be caue
s
equi
emergy 0nd Aime Aor 1he AansiAion oa
Cowlonet betuween any 0 shad
Ashoudol be Contrelleo by opercting suten
by the020toco stack o operata widh the
louwes pele Comswnp Hien a posshble.
Scalahi lih
1he abliy do mointoin the pey toy mance
chanaeteniged repecdive ot the siae of the
metwoyki eterrec do asscelab.liy
with WSN padendial Consshing of dhousand
amoca, scalcubi lityis am a byioualy
eAsemtia TeguEMOA:

3nerou Scavegng o
O Depnding onappliadien high apacity
batteie thad lou Sor lorg time th
meghgibles self- dischange ut @md that nn
eficeMdly pOvicle Smaul amaw of cuenA
for eme scayenging i s eod whith is
he mocess at echogiy the baterie with
t esolo
Pneiq qatheee fom enuiron e t
celly bradiom-based owes enerakion

OuceamdSnk
Source is y wit in the netwoy that
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Can o vicle im formokiom SensoT Mocle)

0slmk is he nik where indoymaion is
aeoLizeol i abulol helong o thesens
nekwek Or owsicle th netwomk Ao
nderact wth Cno thes neiwork 0 a
godemayoma thos age Intermet:

WS Aunmeling
h e gaBeuwnay CUmolso act a siple
extensm f one WSM amotheswSN:
h e idleo is to buulo c lang&r uging
tunneng all porotoral mescoging betueen
Atuo SN 1eko ylas and slnply ing (he