Grade: XII

Subject : Computer Science

Aggregate Function in SQL
 AGGREGATE functions
Aggregate function is used to perform calculation on group
of rows and return the calculated summary like sum of
salary, average of salary etc.
Available aggregate functions are –
1. SUM()
2. AVG()
3. COUNT()
4. MAX()
5. MIN()
6. COUNT(*)
 AGGREGATE functions
Empno Name Dept Salary
1 Ravi Sales 24000
2 Sunny Sales 35000
3 Shobit IT 30000
4 Vikram IT 27000
5 nitin HR 45000

Select SUM(salary) from emp;

Output – 161000
Select SUM(salary) from emp where dept=‘sales’;
Output - 59000
 AGGREGATE functions
Empno Name Dept Salary
1 Ravi Sales 24000
2 Sunny Sales 35000
3 Shobit IT 30000
4 Vikram IT 27000
5 nitin HR 45000

Select AVG(salary) from emp;

Output – 32200
Select AVG(salary) from emp where dept=‘sales’;
Output - 29500
 AGGREGATE functions
Empno Name Dept Salary
1 Ravi Sales 24000
2 Sunny Sales 35000
3 Shobit IT 30000
4 Vikram IT 27000
5 nitin HR 45000

Select COUNT(name) from emp;

Output – 5
Select COUNT(salary) from emp where dept=‘HR’;
Output - 1
Select COUNT(DISTINCT dept) from emp;
Output - 3
 AGGREGATE functions
Empno Name Dept Salary
1 Ravi Sales 24000
2 Sunny Sales 35000
3 Shobit IT 30000
4 Vikram IT 27000
5 nitin HR 45000

Select MAX(Salary) from emp;

Output – 45000
Select MAX(salary) from emp where dept=‘Sales’;
Output - 35000
 AGGREGATE functions
Empno Name Dept Salary
1 Ravi Sales 24000
2 Sunny Sales 35000
3 Shobit IT 30000
4 Vikram IT 27000
5 nitin HR 45000

Select MIN(Salary) from emp;

Output – 24000
Select MIN(salary) from emp where dept=‘IT’;
Output - 27000
 AGGREGATE functions
Empno Name Dept Salary
1 Ravi Sales 24000
2 Sunny Sales 35000
3 Shobit IT 30000
4 Vikram IT 27000
5 nitin HR 45000
6 Krish HR
Select COUNT(*) from emp;
Output – 6
Select COUNT(salary) from emp;
Output - 5
 count(*) Vs count()
Count(*) function is used to count the
number of rows in query output
whereas count() is used to count values
present in any column excluding NULL
values.
Note:
All aggregate function ignores the NULL
values.
 GROUP BY
GROUP BY clause is used to divide the
table into logical groups and we can
perform aggregate functions in those
groups. In this case aggregate function
will return output for each group. For
example if we want sum of salary of
each department we have to divide
table records
Aggregate functions by default takes the entire table as a single group
that’s why we are getting the sum(), avg(), etc output for the entire table.
Now suppose organization wants the sum() of all the job separately, or
wants to find the average salary of every job. In this case we have to
logically divide our table into groups based on job, so that every group will
be passed to aggregate function for calculation and aggregate function will
return the result for every group.
Group by clause helps up to divide the table into logical groups based on any
column value. In those logically divided records we can apply aggregate
functions.
For. E.g.

SELECT SUM(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPT;

SELECT JOB,SUM(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPT;
SELECT JOB,SUM(SAL),AVG(SAL),MAX(SAL),COUNT(*)
EMPLOYEE_COUNT FROM EMP;

NOTE :- when we are using GROUP BY we can use only aggregate function and
the column on which we are grouping in the SELECT list because they will form a
group other than any column will gives you an error because they will be not
the part of the group.
For e.g.
SELECT ENAME,JOB,SUM(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB;
Error -> because Ename is not a group expression
 HAVING with GROUP BY
• If we want to filter or restrict some rows from the output produced by GROUP
BY then we use HAVING clause. It is used to put condition of group of rows.
With having clause we can use aggregate functions also.
• WHERE is used before the GROUP BY. With WHERE we cannot use aggregate
function.
• E.g.
• SELECT DEPT,AVG(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPT HAVING
JOB IN (‘HR’,’SALES’)

• SELECT DEPT,MAX(SAL),MIN(SAL),COUNT(*) FROM EMP

GROUP BY DEPT HAVING COUNT(*)>2

• SELECT DEPT,MAX(SAL),MIN(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE

SAL>=2000 GROUP BY DEPT HAVING DEPT IN(‘IT’,’HR’)
 Table Example
• Create the following table and add the records

ItemNo Item Dcode Qty UnitPrice StockDate

5005 Ball Pen 0.5 102 100 16 2018-03-10
5003 Ball Pen 0.25 102 150 20 2017-05-17
5002 Gel Pen Premium 101 125 14 2018-04-20
5006 Gel Pen Classic 101 200 22 2018-10-08
5001 Eraser Small 102 210 5 2018-03-11
5004 Eraser Big 102 60 10 2017-11-18
5009 Sharpener Classic NULL 160 8 2017-06-12
 Assignment
Write down the following queries based on the given table:
1) Select all record of table
2) Select ItemNo, name and Unitprice
3) Select all item record where Unitprice is more than 20
4) Select Item name of those items which are quantity
between 100-200
5) Select all record of Items which contains pen word in it
6) Select unique dcode of all items
7) Display all record in the descending order of UnitPrice
8) Display all items which are stocked in the month of March
 Assignment
Write down the following queries based on the given table:
11) Change the unitprice to 20 for itemno 5005
12) Delete the record of itemno 5001
13) Display all the item name in capital letters
14) Display first 4 character of every item name
15) Display all record whose dcode is not assigned