Scribd
Upload
45 views12 pages

Correlation and Regression: Libeeth B. Guevarra Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

The document discusses correlation and regression analysis techniques. It defines correlation as a statistical method to determine if a relationship exists between variables, while regression describes the nature of that relationship. Scatter plots are used to graphically depict the relationship between an independent and dependent variable. The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship, ranging from -1 to 1. Regression finds the equation of the line of best fit to model the trend in the data and enable predictions. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the correlation coefficient and determining the regression line equation.

Uploaded by

Aaron Moises
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views12 pages

Correlation and Regression: Libeeth B. Guevarra Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

The document discusses correlation and regression analysis techniques. It defines correlation as a statistical method to determine if a relationship exists between variables, while regression describes the nature of that relationship. Scatter plots are used to graphically depict the relationship between an independent and dependent variable. The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship, ranging from -1 to 1. Regression finds the equation of the line of best fit to model the trend in the data and enable predictions. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the correlation coefficient and determining the regression line equation.

Uploaded by

Aaron Moises
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Correlation and Regression

Libeeth B. Guevarra
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 1


Consider the following cases:
1 As salaries increase, the amount spent on luxury
goods also increases.
2 As unemployment increases, the amount spent on
luxury goods decreases.
3 There is a relationship between gender and the
amount spent on clothes.

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 2


Correlation and Regression Correlation is a statistical
method used to determine whether a relationship
between variables exists.

Regression is a statistical method used to describe the


nature of the relationship between variables, that is,
positive or negative, linear or nonlinear.

A scatter plot is a graph of the ordered pairs (x, y ) of


numbers consisting of the independent variable x and the
dependent variable y .

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 3


Construct a scatter plot for the data on Internet use and
Isolation score of high school students. Internet use is
measured by the number of hours per week that the
students spend on the computer. Isolation is measured
by having the students complete a questionnaire. The
questionnaire score ranges from 20 to 50, with 50 being
the most isolated students.
Internet Use Isolation Score
32 45
14 25
23 40
8 25
12 29

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 4


The Correlation coefficient measures the strength and
direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
The range of the correlation coefficient is from
−1 to + 1.

Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r )

P P P
n( xy ) − ( x)( y )
r=p P P P P
[n( x 2 ) − ( x)2 ] − [n( y 2 ) − ( y )2 ]

where n is the number of data pairs.

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 5


Example
Compute the correlation coefficient for the data:
Internet Use Isolation Score
32 45
14 25
23 40
8 25
12 29

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 6


When the value of r is near 0, the linear relationship is
weak or nonexistent. The closer r to +1 or −1, the more
closely the two variables are related.
r Descriptive Level
±1.00 Perfect correlation
between ±0.75 to ±0.99 High correlation
between ±0.51 to ±0.74 Moderately High correlation
between ±0.31 to ±0.50 Moderately low correlation
between ±0.01 to ±0.30 Low correlation
0.00 No correlation

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 7


The Coefficient of Determination is a measure of the
variation of the dependent variable that is explained by
the regression line and the independent variable. The
symbol for the coefficient of determination is r 2 .

If r = 0.90, then r 2 = 0.81, which is equivalent to 81%.


This result means that 81% of the variation in the
dependent variable is accounted for by the variations in
the independent variable. The rest of the variation, 0.19,
or 19%, is unexplained.

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 8


Regression

If the value of the correlation coefficient is significant,


the next step is to determine the equation of the
regression line, which is the data’s line of best fit.
The purpose of the regression line is to enable the
researcher to see the trend and make predictions on
the basis of the data.
Formula for the Regression line y = a + bx .

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 9


Regression line : y = a + bx

( y )( x 2 ) − ( x)( xy )
P P P P
a= P P
n( x 2 ) − ( x)2
P P P
n( xy ) − ( x)( y )
b= P P
n( x 2 ) − ( x)2

where a is the y intercept and b is the slope of the line.

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 10


Example
Find the equation of the regression line for the Isolation
score given the number of hours of internet use.
Internet Use Isolation Score
32 45
14 25
23 40
8 25
12 29

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 11


Given number of hours of sleep and the happy mood of 6 randomly
chosen working mothers,
Mother Sleep hours Happy mood
A 5 2
B 7 4
C 8 7
D 6 2
E 6 3
F 10 6

1 Find the equation of the regression line.


2 Explain the coefficients in the equation or model.
3 What is the happy mood score of those who sleep for 9 hours?

Math031 - Mathematics in the Modern World 12

You might also like