Evolution of Machine Learning
Evolution of Machine Learning
While many machine learning algorithms have been around for a long time,
the ability to automatically apply complex mathematical calculations to big
data – over and over, faster and faster – is a recent development. Here are a
few widely publicized examples of machine learning applications you may be
familiar with:
The heavily hyped, self-driving Google car? The essence of machine learning.
Knowing what customers are saying about you on Twitter? Machine learning
combined with linguistic rule creation.
Fraud detection? One of the more obvious, important uses in our world today.
All of these things mean it's possible to quickly and automatically produce
models that can analyze bigger, more complex data and deliver faster, more
accurate results – even on a very large scale. And by building precise models,
an organization has a better chance of identifying profitable opportunities – or
avoiding unknown risks.
Scalability.
Ensemble modeling.
Did you know?
Financial services
Banks and other businesses in the financial industry use machine learning
technology for two key purposes: to identify important insights in data, and
prevent fraud. The insights can identify investment opportunities, or help
investors know when to trade. Data mining can also identify clients with high-
risk profiles, or use cybersurveillance to pinpoint warning signs of fraud.
Government
Government agencies such as public safety and utilities have a particular need
for machine learning since they have multiple sources of data that can be
mined for insights. Analyzing sensor data, for example, identifies ways to
increase efficiency and save money. Machine learning can also help
detect fraud and minimize identity theft.
Health care
Machine learning is a fast-growing trend in the health care industry, thanks to
the advent of wearable devices and sensors that can use data to assess a
patient's health in real time. The technology can also help medical experts
analyze data to identify trends or red flags that may lead to improved
diagnoses and treatment.
Retail
Websites recommending items you might like based on previous purchases are
using machine learning to analyze your buying history. Retailers rely on
machine learning to capture data, analyze it and use it to personalize a
shopping experience, implement a marketing campaign, price optimization,
merchandise supply planning, and for customer insights.
Transportation
Unsupervised learning is used against data that has no historical labels. The
system is not told the "right answer." The algorithm must figure out what is
being shown. The goal is to explore the data and find some structure within.
Unsupervised learning works well on transactional data. For example, it can
identify segments of customers with similar attributes who can then be treated
similarly in marketing campaigns. Or it can find the main attributes that
separate customer segments from each other. Popular techniques include self-
organizing maps, nearest-neighbor mapping, k-means clustering and singular
value decomposition. These algorithms are also used to segment text topics,
recommend items and identify data outliers.
Data Mining
Machine Learning
The main difference with machine learning is that just like statistical models,
the goal is to understand the structure of the data – fit theoretical distributions
to the data that are well understood. So, with statistical models there is a
theory behind the model that is mathematically proven, but this requires that
data meets certain strong assumptions too. Machine learning has developed
based on the ability to use computers to probe the data for structure, even if
we do not have a theory of what that structure looks like. The test for a
machine learning model is a validation error on new data, not a theoretical test
that proves a null hypothesis. Because machine learning often uses an iterative
approach to learn from data, the learning can be easily automated. Passes are
run through the data until a robust pattern is found.
Deep learning