Determinants

One Shot
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna
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Determinant
Determinants

Determinants are always Square

Scalar Value
Representation
Determinant value of 1 × 1 & 2 × 2
The value of is

A. 2a2

B. 0

C. -3

D. 3
The value of is

A. 2

B. -1

C. 0

D. cos2θ
Minor & Cofactor
Minors
Cofactor :

Cij = (-1)i + j Mij

Remember :

Cij = (-1)i + j Mij

Determinant value of 3×3

Expanding w.r.t R1

Expanding w.r.t C2
Determinant value of 3×3
Determinant value of 3×3
Cofactor property

In a determinant the sum of the product’s of the

element’s of any row (column) with their corresponding
cofactor’s is equal to the value of determinant.
Cofactor property
 Shortcut
to find value of
determinant
#Shortcut (Rule of Sarrus)
+ + +
a b c
a b c a b
e f g =
h i j e f g e f = afj + bgh + cei - hfc - iga - jeb

h i j h i
- - -
#Shortcut (Rule of Sarrus)
#Shortcut (Rule of Sarrus)
Properties of
Determinant
Properties of Determinants

1. 丨 AT丨 = 丨 A丨

Note:丨I丨 = 1
Properties of Determinants

2. If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be

interchanged, the value of determinant is changed
in sign only.
Properties of Determinants

3. If row or columns are rotated in cyclic order

then value of determinant is unchanged
Properties of Determinants

4. If a determinant has any two rows (or

columns) identical, then its value is zero.
Properties of Determinants

5. Scalar multiplication: Scalar will be multiplied

in any one row (or column)

e.g. If then kD
Properties of Determinants

6. |kA| = kn |A|, where n is order of A.

Evaluate 102 18 36

1 3 36

17 3 6
Properties of Determinants

Note: The value of a skew symmetric

determinant of odd order is zero.
Properties of Determinants

7. Adding Determinants

=
Properties of Determinants

8. Splitting Determinants
Find
Properties of Determinants

9. | AB | = |A| |B|

and Then
Properties of Determinants

10. If det(A) = 0, then A is known as singular matrix.

Elementary Transformation

11. The value of determinant remains same if we apply

elementary transformation
R1 ⟶ R1 + kR2 + mR3 or C1 ⟶ C1 + kC2 + mC3
Prove that
Let α and β be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0. Then for

y ≠ 0 in R, is equal to:

A. y(y2 - 1) [JEE M 2019]

B. y(y2 - 3)

C. y3

D. y3 - 1
Let ω be the complex number Then the number of

distinct complex numbers z satisfying is equal to

JEE Adv 2010

The total number of distinct x ∈ R for which is

[JEE Adv
2016]
Let ω be the complex cube root of unity with ω ≠ 1 and P = [Pij] be a n x n
matrix with pij = ωi+j. Then P2 ≠ O, when n =

A. 57

B. 55
[JEE Adv 2013]
C. 58

D. 56
Let A = [aij] and B = [bij] be two 3 x 3 real matrices such that
bij = (3)(i + j - 2) aij, where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If the determinant of B is 81, then
the determinant of A is :
JEE Main 2020
A. 1/3

B. 3

C. 1/81

D. 1/9
Let A be a 3 x 3 matrix with det(A) = 4. Let Ri denote the ith row
of A. If a matrix B is obtained by performing the operation
R2 → 2R2 + 5R3 on 2 A, then det(B) is equal to
JEE Main 2021

A. 64

B. 16

C. 80

D. 128
Let ω ≠ 1 be the cube root of unity and S be the set of all

non-singular matrices of the form

where each of a, b and c is either ω or ω2. Then the number of

distinct matrices in the set S is

[JEE Adv 2011]

A. 2

B. 6

C. 4

D. 8
The maximum value of is

A. √7 16th Mar, 2021 (shift 2)

B. 3/4

C. √5

D. 5
The solutions of the equation =0

A. π/12, π/6 18th Mar, 2021 (shift 1)

B. π/6, 5π/6

C. 5π/12, 7π/12

D. 7π/12, 11π/12
Then the maximum value of f(x) is equal to
JEE Main 2021

HOMEWORK
If then a possible value of α is

A. π/2 17th Mar, 2021 (shift 1)

B. π/3

C. π/4

D. π/6
 Special
Determinants
Special Determinants
Special Determinants
Special Determinants
Prove that
Show that
Show that
Show that
Show that
Which of the following values of 𝝰 satisfy the equation

A. -4

B. 9 (JEE Adv. 2015)

C. -9

D. 4
If a2 + b2 + c2 = -2 and

(JEE Adv. 2005)

then f(x) is a polynomial degree

A. 1

B. 0

C. 3

D. 2
Find values of

(2000 - 3 marks)
Method to Solve
System of Linear
Equations
System Linear Equations

1 Determinant Method (Cramer’s Rule)

2 Matrix Method (Gauss- Jordan Method)

Cramer’s Rule
Cramer’s Rule
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3

a1 b1 c1
D= a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3

d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1
D1 = d2 b2 c2 D2 = a2 d2 c2 D3 = a 2 b2 d2
d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3
 Cramer’s Rule

If D ≠ 0 If D = 0
Unique solution

If atleast one of If D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
D1, D2, D3 ≠ 0 Infinite Solution Or
No solution No Solution

No soln. (if planes are ||rl)

Important terms

i. Consistent: solution exists (unique or infinite solution)

ii. Inconsistent: solution does not exist (No solution)
iii. Homogeneous equations: constant terms are zero
iv. Trivial solution: all variables = zero i.e., x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.
 Cramer’s Rule
(for Homogeneous
Equations)
Homogeneous Linear Equations

a1x + b1y + c1z = 0

a2x + b2y + c2z = 0
a3x + b3y + c3z = 0

D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
Homogeneous Linear Equations

If D ≠ 0 If D = 0
Trivial solution Non - Trivial solution
or
Infinite Solution
Gauss-Jordan
Method
Matrix Method (Gauss-Jordan Method)

x+y+z=6
x-y+z=2
2x +y - z = 1
Matrix Method (Gauss-Jordan Method)

If |A| = 0
If |A| ≠ 0
Unique solution

(adj A).B ≠ 0 (adj A).B = 0

No solution Infinite solution
Questions
For what values of p and q the system of equations has

2x + py + 6z = 8
x + 2y + qz = 5
x + y + 3z = 4
i. Unique solution ii. No solution iii. Infinite solutions
 2 p 6
D= 1 2 q = (p - 2)(q - 3)
1 1 3
8 p 6
D1 = 5 2 q = (p - 2)(4q - 15)
4 1 3
2 8 6
D2 = 1 5 q =0
1 4 3
2 P 8
D3 = 1 2 5 = (p - 2)
1 1 4
Let a, 𝝺, 𝛍, 𝟄 R. consider the system linear equations
ax + 2y = 𝝺
3x - 2y = 𝛍 JEE Adv. 2016
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

A. If a = -3, then the system has infinitely many solutions for all
values of 𝝺 and 𝛍.

B. If a ≠ -3, then the system has a unique solution for all values
of 𝝺 and 𝛍.

C. If 𝝺 + 𝛍 = 0, then the system has infinitely many solutions for a

= -3

D. If 𝝺 + 𝛍 ≠ 0, then the system has no solution for a = -3

ax + 2y = 𝝺
3x - 2y = 𝛍
The system of equations
kx + y + z = 1
x + ky + z = k
x + y + zk = k2 17th March 2021, Shift 1
has no solution, if k is equal to -

A. 0

B. 1

C. -1

D. -2
Let α, β, 𝜸 be the real roots of the equation, x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a,
b, c ∈ R and a, b ≠ 0) If the system of equations (in u, v, w) given by
αu + βv + 𝜸w = 0
βu + 𝜸v + αw = 0
𝜸u + αv + βw = 0 18th March 2021, Shift 1
has non-trivial solution, then the value of a2/b is -

A. 5

B. 3

C. 1

D. 0
Let the system of linear equations
4x + λy + 2z = 0
2x - y + z = 0
μx + 2y + 3k = 0, λ, μ ∈ R
has non-trivial solution, then which of the following is true?

18th March 2021, Shift 2

A. μ = 6, λ ∈ R

B. λ = 2, μ ∈ R

C. λ = 3, μ ∈ R

D. μ = -6, λ ∈ R
For the system of linear equations
x - 2y = 1
x - y + kz = -2 24th February 2021, Shift 2
ky + 4z = 6, k ∈ R
Consider the following statements:
1. The system has unique solution if k ≠ 2, k ≠ -2
2. The system has unique solution if k = -2
3. The system has unique solution if k = 2
4. The system has no solution if k = 2
5. The system has infinite number of solutions if k ≠ -2
Which of the following statements are correct?

A. 2 & 5 only

B. 3 & 4 only

C. 1 & 4 only

D. 1 & 5 only
If the system of equations
kx + y + 2z = 1
3x - y - 2z = 2
-2x - 2y - 4z = 3
has infinitely many solutions, then k is equal to -

25th February 2021, Shift 1

The following system of linear equations
2x + 3y + 2z = 9
3x + 2y + 2z = 9
x - y + 4z = 8 25th February 2021, Shift 2

A. does not have any solution

B. has a unique solution

C. has a solution (α, β, 𝜸) satisfying α + β2 + 𝜸3 = 12

D. has infinitely many solutions

If the following system of linear equations
2x + y + z = 5
x-y+z=3
x + y + az = b 31 Aug 2021, Shift 1
has no solution, then :

A.

B.

C.

D.
The value of a and b, for which the system of equations
2x + 3y + 6z = 8
x + 2y = az = 5
3x + 5y + 9z = b 25 July 2021, Shift 1
has no solution, are :

A. a = 3, b ≠ 13

B. a ≠ 3, b ≠ 13

C. a ≠ 3, b = 3

D. a = 3, b = 13
The value of λ and μ such that the system of equations x + y + z = 6,
3x + 5y + 5z = 26, x + 2y + λz = μ has no solutions, are :

A. 22 July 2021, shift 1

λ = 3, µ = 5

B. λ = 3, µ ≠ 10

C. λ ≠ 2, μ = 10

D. λ = 2, µ ≠ 10
The value of k ∈ R, for which the following system of linear
equations
3x - y + 4z = 3
x + 2y - 3z = -2 20 July 2021, shift 2
6x + 5y + kz = -3
Has infinitely many solutions is :

A. 3

B. -5

C. 5

D. -3
How to Differentiate
a Determinant?
Differentiation of Determinants

f1(x) f2(x) f3(x)

F(x) = g1(x) g2(x) g3(x)
h1(x) h2(x) h3(x)
If f(x), g(x), h(x) are quadratic polynomials, then prove that

f(x) g(x) h(x)

𝛟(x) = f’(x) g’(x) h’(x) is a constant polynomial
f’’(x) g’’(x) h’’(x)
 x+a2 ab ac
If f(x) = ab x+b2 bc find f’(x)

ac bc x+c2
If ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e =

then the value of e, is

A. 0

B. -2

C. 3

D. 2
If ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e =

then the value of d, is

Cayley - Hamilton
Theorem
Cayley - Hamilton Theorem
Every square matrix satisfies a specific polynomial
equation known as characteristic equation.
P(λ) = |A- λI|
P(A) = 0
Using Cayley Hamilton theorem, find A-1 and A4
Let A = If A-1 = αI + βA, α, β ∈ R, I is a 2 x 2 identity

matrix, then 4(α - β) is equal to :

A. 5
JEE Main 2021
B. 8/3

C. 2

D. 4
Let I be an identity matrix of order 2 x 2 and

Then the value of n ∈ N for which pn = 5I - 8P is equal to _

JEE Main 2021

then the value of c and d are

JEE 2005
A. (-6, -11)

B. (6, 11)

C. (-6, 11)

D. (6, -11)
A. A - 4l

B. 6l - A

C. A - 6l
JEE Main 2020
D. 4l - A
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