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ProgramingManual MazatrolCam T-2PracticalUse

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Юра Воронка
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588 views196 pages

ProgramingManual MazatrolCam T-2PracticalUse

Uploaded by

Юра Воронка
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROGRAMMING MANUAL ——FOR Mazak MAZATROL CAM T-2 [PRACTICAL USE) SERIAL NUMBER : Mazak — ‘INTRODUCTION ‘The MAZATROL CAM T-2 is a conversational type of CNC equipment. It was developed by. updating the advanced electronics of and. introducing certain advanced machining know-how to the MAZATROL CAM T-1, a 2-axis lathe NC developed originally by Yamazaki Machinery Works, Ltd. ‘The new MAZATROL CAM T-2 is menu-driven and can quickly be automatically programmed to contain machining information through interaction with the NC. Its color graphics function enables the checking of the actual machining status on the display including checking for the prepared program, tool paths, etc. This PRACTICAL USE MANUAL describes the items needed for preparing programs for each machining mode and tool path. We are certain that the user will further improve the working efficiency by reading this manual carefully and fully understanding the preparation and operation procedure. ‘The specifications for the present machine are subject to change without notice for improvement purposes. Mazak CONTENTS Page INTORDUCTION 1, MACHINING PRODUCTS Reece e del 1-1 Machine Coordinate System ....seseeeeeeeee 1-2 1+2 Work Coordinate System ..ssssseeeeseceeeeeees 1-3 1-3 Program Coordinate System .... 1-4E, 2, PROGRAM CONFIGURATION ......++++ eee tie 2-1 2-1 Program Configuration .. 2-1-1 Common data Pesce rss taiecee 2e2 2-1-2 Process data ....... Rieceeeee ae 22 sees 263) seeeeeeeee 203 2-2 Configuration of Programs for Several Workpieces .... 2-3 2-1-3 Sequence data . 2-1-4 Program end data . 2-2-1 Number of work programs . sseeesee 263 + 2A4E 2-2-2 Number of program blocks . + CUTTING PROGRAM DEFINITION AND TOOL PATH . 3-1 Common Data . 3-2 MM 1: Material Shape Data . 3-3. BAR: Bar Machining Data .... 3-3-1 BAR process data ...... 3-3-2 BAR sequence data ........ 3-3-3 Tool path in BAR OUT rough cutting 3-3-4 Tool path-in BAR OUT finish’ cutting ..... 3-23 3-3-5° Tool path in BAR [GUT] rough cutting .... 3-24 3-3-6 Tool path in BAR FCE rough cutting .......++. 3-26 * 3-3-7 Tool path in BAR IN rough cutting .......+44. 3-27 3-4 CPY: Copy Machining .....ssseeeeeee 3-28 3-4-1 CPY process data ........+5 3-28 3-4-2 CPY sequence data .......+e sees 3632 3-4-3 Tool path in CPY IN rough cutting ........06. 3-35 704P024 Mazak — Page 3-5 CNR: Corner Machining ...sssseseeeceesccnseceeeeeees 3637 3-5-1 CNR process data ..... er 3-37 3-5-2 CNR sequence data ...... ese 3-39 3-5-3 Tool path in CNR OUT rough cutting .......++. 3-42 3-6 EDG: Edge Machining .. ee 0-83 3-6-1 EDG process data ..ssseeseeeueee 343 3-6-2 EDG sequence data ...... 7 3-45 3-6-3 Tool path in EDG ...ssseeseees 3-47 3e7 THR: Threading ..scesesesseeuseceeeres 3-48 3-7-1 THR process data 3-48 3-7-2 THR sequence data ....+.++5 3-53 3-7-3. Tool path in THR OUT and THR seeeee 3656 GRV: Groove Machining s.seeeseeseeeeee seetsesens 3058 3-8-1 GRV process data Seer 3-58 3-8-2 GRV sequence data a es 3-63 3-8-3 Tool path in GRV OUT and GRV For #0... 3-69 , 3-8-4 Tool path in GRV OUT and GRV For #1, Rough cutting No. 1 ... ee art 3-8-5 Tool path in GRY OUT and GRV For #1, Rough cutting No. 2 ..eeseee 3-72 3-8-6 Tool path in GRV OUT and GRY For #1, Finish cutting ..... . 374 3-9 DRL: Drilling .......6- 3-75 3-9-1 DRL process data ...... 3-75 3-9-2 DRL sequence data sv ecoeee 3-78 3-9-3 Tool path for DRL #2 ..... 3-80 3-10 TAP: Tapping . - 3-81 3-10-1 TAP process data .s.ssseeeeeeee 3-82 3-10-2 TAP sequence data ...... 3-83 3+10-3 Tool path in TAP . aoe 3-85 3-11 MNP (Manual Program Mode): Manual Program Machining . 3-86 BeL1-1 MNP process data ..seseeeseeeeeeeeeeees 3-86 3-11-2 MNP sequence data ..... 3-90 3-11-3. Tool path in MNP ...eeseeee 3-95 ah 6. Mazak Page 3-12 M (M Function): M Code .eeeseeeeeeee seeceeeeeees 3297 3-12-1 M process data .. . seteeceeeenees 3297 3-12-2 M code table .esseeeeeeeeeeeee seeeeeene 3299 3-13 Program End Data . 3-106 SIMPLE PROGRAM EXAMPLE AND TOOL PATH ...sseeeseeeeeeeeeees Gal PROGRAM EXAMPLE IN CUTTING WORK .. pteceduee ieee Sell 6-1 Automatic Machining Condition Determining Function and Material Registration Function ...ssseeeeeeee 6-1-1 Elements determined by CUTTING CONDITION picture .. - saeeeeseseeseessarsceees 693 6-1-2 Elements determined by program data and parameters .. teens 6nh 6-1-3 Method of registration of machining conditions .... 6-2 Program Edit Function .. + 6-9 6-2-1 PROCESS NO, SEARCH . + 6-10 6-2-2 LAST SEARCH eee eeeeeeeeeeeee sees Gn1L 6-2-3 PROCESS COPY .. 6-12 6-2-4 — PROGRAM COPY sees eeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees OA16 6-2-5 INSERT . eee eee eee eee 6-2-6 ERASE weseeeee Reet tscecct ee hice. G18 seeeeeeeeeee GH19 6-3 LAYOUT FUNCTION (Available in MAZATROL Programs only) 6-21 6-3-1 Displaying the LAYOUT picture ...s.sseeeeeees 6221 6-3-2 LAYOUT operation .. sees 6923 6-4 Automatic Intersect Point Computation Function ...... 6-28 6-4-1 Intersect point computation for convex and concave arc seeeeeeeeeeeeeeenee 6928 6-4-2 Intersect point computation for taper, GRV sequence .. 6-31 aad APPENDIX . 7-7 Various Thread Formulas and Principles Graphs Showing the Relations between Depth of Cut and Number of Cutting Cycles for Drilling (DRL) . Reducing Depth of Cut . Cutting Force and Cutting Power ......eeeeeeeeeeeee Selecting a Range of Spindle Gear Speeds .... Nose Shape Compensation .. (1) Compensating for nose shape (2) Nose radius offset .. Simultaneous 2-axis Approach and Return . iv Mazak — Page 7-1 ToL 7-16 7-17 7-18 7-20 7-22 7-22 7-23 7-245 MACHINING PRODUCTS Mazak — Both the preparation of programs for machining special product shapes and the setup of operations by registering data in the NC in advance are required. This manual explains the items which are not described in the PROGRAMMING MANUAL "PRIMER", TOOL FILE TOOL DATA and spare tools. CHUCK JAW DATA Register the chuck 1_ jaw shape, TOOL SET PROGRAM FILE 10, [- snmtattoy |} ———________! nn Machining simulation ‘MACHINING From TOOL FILE to Actual Machining Register the tool shape. Register the tool shape Set the tool coordinate. Tool offset (MAZATROL Program) Check for tool interference L WORK 1 PROGRAM| SHAPE CHECK LAYOUT Shape check for program in prepara~ tion 9 Process layout for prepared program | pata setting for chuck reference point, Z offset or tailstock, etc. Figure check for prepared program Mazak — Coordinate System It is necessary to consider the coordinate system when programming. The coordinate system includes the machine coordinate system for defining the position of the turret, viewed from a reference point of the machine and the work coordinate system for defining the position of the edge of the tool, viewed from a work reference point. 1-1 Machine Coordinate system (Refer to the Operating Manual for the zero-return method.) This is to define the turret position when viewed from the machine zero point. The turret position viewed from a machine zero point is indicated in the MACHINE of the COMMAND picture. +x +x ae : +2, Wy (Program zero point) 1-2 Mazak — 1-2 Work Coordinate System (Refer to the Operating Manual for the tool setting method.) By setting in the TOOL SET picture the distance to the feference point (Wj) of the wotk, measured from the tool nose at the machine zero point of the respective tools, the work coordinate system regarding the reference point (Wg) as the work coordinate zero point is established. Therefore, the program data will be entered by taking (Wy: Program zero point) as the reference point. In other words, the program zero point must be sét carefully in the drawing. This position is displayed in the "POSITION" on the COMMAND picture. as tel -~ ifistactine zero point) amy fA toot at machine zero point position 4X xnW : - +2 Wo (Program zero point) 2TW: Z-axis direction tool set value XIW: X-axis direction tool set value (radius value) Mazak — 1-3 Program Coordinate system Machining dimensions generally are specified by the distance from a reference point. In MAZATROL programs, the program zero point is set at this reference point (usually at the reference edge). The dimensions from the zero point are set in absolute coordinates, +x +2. Wo Note : (1) In edge machining mode (EDG), the coordinate in the Z direction above is different. See the edge machining mode explanation. (2) In MAZATROL Programs (except MNP and MES), there are no -K or -Z direction coordinates. 1-4E Mazak — PROGRAM CONFIGURATION MAZATROL Programs are prepared according to the following configuration: MAZATROL Program qa) (2) Process data +eees BAR, CPY, CNR, EDG, THR vase ae a 3) Sequence data seoee LIN, TR, 25,09 (4) a] ans mm 2-1 Mazak — 2-1 Program Configuration 2-1-1 Common data There are two kinds of common data: material data indicated 0" and material shape definition data indicated by " [PNO] 1" MTR which are set after "[PNO] 0". material data are used to set the maximum 0.D., mininum I.D., length, spindle maximum r.p.m., finishing allowance atid workpiece end amount for the material to be machined. The material data are to be displayed automatically at the head of the program. The "[PNO] 1” material shape data: MIR are used to define the arbitrary shape of material (e.g. forged material). These data can only be set after "(PNO]O" but cannot be set after any other "(FNO]". More than two sets of material shape definition data cannot be set within one program. These data are used in common to prepare programs. 2-1-2 Process data Process data are indicated by "[PNO]", which shows the tool operation mode and associated data. Process data include: BAR: Bar material machining CPY: Copy machining CNR: Corner machining EDG: Edge machining THR: Threading GRV: Groove machining DRL: Drilling TAP: Tapping MNP: Manual program mode MES: Measure Mo: M code ®OOG2OO89008 Mazak — They are selected from the menu. The number of process data which can be specified in the program is maximum 99. A maximum of 100 process data including the common data can be registered. If this number is exceeded, the alarm 417 “PROCESS DATA >99" is given. 2n1-3 Sequence data Sequence data are indicated by "SEQ", and relate to the machining dimensions on a drawing. A several sets of sequence data can be specified only for bar machining (BAR), copy machining (CPY), threading (THR) and manual program mode (MNP). Maximum 20 sequence data can be specified within one process for bar machining (BAR), copying (CPY) and threading (THR). For manual program mode (MNP), maximum 250 sequence data can be specified. If these numbers are exceeded, the alarm 419 "NO. OF SEQUENCES > 20" or alarm 414 "NO. OF SEQUENCES >250" is given. 2-1-4 Program end data 2n2-1 This data “shows the action to be taken when machining is completed. One program end data is specified at the end of a program. Configuration of Programs for Several Workpieces Programs for several workpieces can be registered beforehand so that machining may be performed according to the work Nos. Number of work prograns Maximum 16 work programs can be registered. If more than 17 Programs are registered, the alarm 413 "NO. OF PROGRAMS >16" 2-3 Mazak — is given. Work Nos. must be specified for each program when it is prepared. 2-2-2 Number of program blocks A maximum of 500 blocks can be stored. If the number of blocks to be stored is greater than 500, the alarm 404 "NO. OF BLOCKS IN A PROM > 501 is given. Similary, a maximum of 500 blocks can be registered in one program. 2-45, Mazak — 3. CUTTING PROGRAM DEFINITION AND TOOL PATH 3-1 Common Data PNO MAT OD-MAX.«-ID-MIN. LENGTH RPM FIN-K FIN-Z WORK FACE ° ake e ae fe he a. "WORKPIECE MATERIAL (MENU)? To allow the automatic selection of machining conditions, select the kind of material from the menu and input it. cov emt |ace a [oor mw [acon [eras] | CBN STL : Carbon steel for machine structure ALY STL : Chromium-molybdenum steel CST IRN : Gray, cast iron ALUMINUM: Aluminium or aluminium alloy STAINLS : Stainless steel The kind of material which is not found on the menu should be set in terms of the material No. shown on CUTTING CONDITION NO. 2 picture. As data, the percentage (%) of each cutting’ conditions registered on the CUTTING CONDITION NO. 1 picture shall . be entered on the CUTTING CONDITION NO. 2 picture. (Refer to 6. FUNCTION.) b. "MAX OUTER DIA. OF WORKPIECE? Set the maximum 0.D. of the material (in mm). Mazak — ¢. "MIN INNER DIA, OF WORKPIECE?" Set the minimum 1.D. of the material (in mm). If the I.D. is not to be machined, set "0", Molded material Maximum 0.D. LD. Minimum Maximum material length Bar material Maximum 0.D. ; 1 i Minimum The maximum 0.D, and minimum I.D, are used to define the tool swing position and to define the safe tool path in ‘approach from the tool swing position to the cutting starting point and in return of the tool from the cutting final point to the tool swing position. d. "WORKPIECE LENGTH?" Set the maximum length of the material (in mm). 3-2 "MAX. SPINDLE RPM LIMIT?" Set the maximum value of spindle r.p.m. which assures safety. The r.p.m. is not limited if has been set. "PINISH ALLOWANCE-K?" The finishing allowance to be cut with the finishing tool in the X direction shall be set in terms of the value of diameter (in mm). This value is applicable to bar machining (BAR), copy machining (CPY), and corner machining (CNR) in common. INISH ALLOWANCE-Z2" Set the finishing allowance (in mm) in the Z direction to be cut with the finishing tool. This value is applicable to bar machining (BAR), copy machining (CPY), edge machining (EDG) and corner machining (CNR) in common. "STOCK REMOVAL OF WORK FACE?" Set the projection amount at the face of the material (in um). Projection Program zero point Maximum material length 3-3 Amount of projection Mazak — Mazak — The projection is not regarded as material in any mode other than edge machining mode, therefore, proceed to the next process after cutting off the projection in the edge machining mode (EDC). Note : (1) Maximum material 0.D., I.D., or material length can be set up to the third lower digit (in mm)/fourth lower digit (in inch) than the decimal point but they are indicated on the picture to the first lower digit (in mm)/second lower digit (in inch) than the decimal point. (Maximum 6 digits can be inputted.) (2) When data is wrongly set for common data, the alarm 317 "ILLEGAL MATERIAL ID/OD", alarm 318 "ILLEGAL MATERIAL LENGTH" are given. Also, the program containing only the manual program process causes an alarm, 3-2 MIR: Material Shape Data This data is used to set the shape of materials (e.g. forged materials) other than round bars. The material shape of a round bar material is, as mentioned above, defined by common data specifying the maximum 0.D., I.D. and length. TeoRkbige saapeT Select the [WORKPIEC SHAPE| key from the menu. PNO MODE = -X1/4-Z1/4 ~=—-X2/5. 22/5 3/6 23/6 * MTR OUT a. a b. be c. ce a 4. e oe f. f. IN g. a hook. i. i Mazak — “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P1-K?" “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P1-Z?" “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA, P2-K?" “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA, P2-Z?" cc. "WORKPEICE OUTER DIA, P3-K?2" "WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P3-2?" “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P4-X?" “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P4-Z?" e. "WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P5S-K? “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P5-Z?" “WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P6-K?" "WORKPIECE OUTER DIA. P6-2?' a. through £. Enter the 0.D. shape points. A maximum of six points can be entered as 0.D. but not all need be entered. (Unit: mm) g- "WORKPIECE INNER DIA, P1-X2" "WORKPIECE INNER DIA. P1-2?" hh, "WORKPIECE INNER DIA. P2-K?" "WORKPIECE INNER DIA, P2-22" i, "WORKPIECE INNER DIA, P3-K2" "WORKPIECE INNER DIA. P3-22" : hy and i. Enter the I.D. shape points. A maximum of three points can be entered but not all need be. (Unit: mm) 3-5 Mazak — Notes: (1) MTR (material shape) can be set after common data. More than two MIRs can not be set within one program. (2) (& 2) = (0,0) is invalid. (3) Both 0.D, and I.D. shapes can be set up to the third lower digit (in mm)/fourth lower digit (in inch) than the decimal point but they are indicated on the picture up to the first lower digit (in mm)/second lower digit (in inch). 3-3. BAR: Bar Machining Data ‘The BAR machining data is used to machine a bar material. 8 Select the |: key on the menu. 3-3-1 BAR process data PNO MODE PART CPT-K CPT-Z RV FV FEED DEPTH GR RT FT * BAR a, be cede eee ge oh i je 3-6 Mazak — a. "MACHINING PART (MENU)?" Select the area to be machined from the menu. There are six bar machining patterns: our In FCE oe os | a | ie ® @ @ @ ® © 0.D. open @ o. D. halfway @® 1D. open @®= 1.D. halfway @® Front open © Front halfway ( Select a pattern applicable to each portion to be machined. 3-7 a. Mazak — “CUTTING POINT-K?" Enter the point of cutting with the tool in the X direction by the diameter value (in m). “CUTTING POINT-22" Set the point of cutting with the tool in the Z direction (in mm). ‘The cutting points as well as sequence data define the area of cutting. If the material shape data (MTR) is set, the cutting area beyond the shape is not regarded as material. "SURFACE SPEED FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the surface speed for rough cutting (in m/min.). Select the [AUTO 7] key on the menu, and the following are also determined automatically: 4. RV oe. FV f, FEED g. DEPTH © BAR mode roughing surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture (BAR : RV (m/min) * (MATERIAL code (%)) These values can be changed freely and they can be set directly. "SURFACE SPEED FOR FINISH CUT?" Set the surface speed for finish cutting. (in m/min) © BAR mode finish surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture (BAR: FV (m/min)) * (MATERETAL code (%)) 3-8 Mazak — In case the automatically determined values are to be used, move the cursor to the next position, using the cursor key or INPUT key. “PEEDRATE (/REV) FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the amount of feed (in mm/rev.) per one revolution of the spindle for rough cutting. BAR modé rough cutting feedrate per revolution determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (BAR : FEED (mm/rev.) is entered. "DEPTH OF CUT? Set the maximum amount of cut per path in rough cutting with the diameter value (single side thickness) (in mm). Maximum amount of cut in BAR mode rough cutting: CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (BAR : DEPTH (mm)) is entered. "GEAR NO.?" Set the spindle gear used in rough cutting. When "0" is set, the gear for the r.p.m. calculated from the minimum diameter and surface speed (RV) in that process is automatically selected. If any gear has been specified, that gear is selected accordingly. In finish machining, the gear No. is automatically determined by the surface speed (FV) whether the gear No. or "0" may be specified. This gear No. concept applies to the other processes except manual program mode (MNP). “ROUGHING TOOL NO. (MENU) ?" Set the tool No. used for rough cutting. The [TOOL DATA] key on the menu is selected to confirm the tool Nos, registered on the tool data picture. If Tough cutting is not to be performed, select the [NONE] key on the menu or push the INPUT key or cursor key to move to the next position. This concept of the ROUGHING TOOL NO. and FINISHING TOOL NO. also applies to the other processes. “OFFSET NO. Set the offset No. of the tool for rough cutting. Each tool has a pair of offset Nos. in each of the X and 2 directions. Set "I" or "2" if an offset is desired. A figure greater than 3 cannot be entered. If "0" has been set no offset is executed. "1" and "2" mean "OFFSET-1" and “OFFSET-2" on the TOOL SET picture. Enter the amounts of offset here. This OFFSET No. concept also applies to the other processes. “FINISHING TOOL NO.2" Set the tool No. used for finish cutting. Perform setting in the manner similar to i. above. “OFFSET NO.2" Set the offset No. of tool for°finish cutting in the manner similar to i, above. 3-10 Mazak — Mazak — 3-3-2 BAR sequence data SEQ SHP .S-CNR SPT-X SPT-Z FPT-X FPT-Z F-CNR RADIUS SRF $ M ae be © « @ 4d ee fe hee a. "SHAPE PATTERN (MENU) Using the menu, select the patterns (straight line: LIN, mo) constituting the shape and center of the arc (CENTER) taper: TPR , convex arc:¢h , concave ar used for calculations of the intersect point. There are four shape patterns: “TART Qo © @ LIN (straight line) ... Used to enter linear graphics @ TPR (taper) --+e+e+++. Used to enter tapered graphics @ _ cy (eonvex arc) ...... Used to enter convex are graphics @® (0 (concave arc) ..... Used to enter concave arc graphics \ TPR LIN New Mazak — LIN (straight line) To enter a straight line, only the final point (4, FPT-X, FPT-z) may be specified (in mm). Then, a straight line heading for the final point is formed. Two lines forming a right angle are automatically produced between the final point in the new graphics and that in the old graphics. final point (X,, 2,) Previous final point (X,, Z,) TPR Taper : (1) Starting and final points are known. (2) Either of starting or final point is unknown, and taper angle is known. (1) Starting and final points are known: Enter the starting point (c. SPT-X, SPT-2) and final point (d. FPT-Z, FPT-Z) and final point (d, FPT-Z, FPT-X) of taper. Final point of taper (X), Z)) Starting point of taper (X,, Z,) (2) Either of starting or final point is unknown and taper angle 6 is known. 3-12 Mazak — Enter the starting point ( c. SPT-X, SPT-Z) and the final point ( d. FPT-X or FPT-Z) of taper and the taper angle £. Ex.) When final point is unknown: Final point of taper (X), ?) or (?, Z,) Starting point of taper (Xj, 2,) o If the starting point of a taper graphics begins with the final point of the previous graphics, push the [CONTINUE] key on the menu. Then, the values of the final point of previous graphics are automatically entered as the coordinates of the starting point of the new graphics. In case CENTER (center of the arc) is entered before TPR sequence data, however, the values of the final point of the graphics prior to the previous oné are entered automatically. o If X or Z of the starting or final point is unknown, push the[?|key on the menu. © The taper angle may be entered as a negative value. The positive and negative taper angles at each portion are determined as shown below: Positive | @ ' taper angle meee eee 9 oe 1 |. taper angle ~ a 0.D. Cutting I.D. cutting | Face cutting (out) ayy I (FcE) The arrows in the above views indicate the cutting directions. ® A convex arc @ © Convex arc) is defined by specifying the starting point (c. SPT-X, SPT-Z), final point ( d. FPT-X, FPT-Z) and radius ( f, RADIUS R) of the arc. @® © (concave are) A concave arc is defined by specifying the starting point ( c. SPT-X, SPT-2), final point ( d. FPT-X, FPT-Z) and radius ( £. RADIUS R) of the arc. Final point of convex arc Ky» 2, & Radius R, 9) ease aia ae Starting point of convex (Xj, X,) Final point of concave are (25) $$$ Starting point of concave (Xj, Z,) 3-14 Mazak — o If one of the intersect points between the arc and a straight line or taper is unknown when the center of the convex or concave arc and its radius is known, the intersect points can be found by calculation by the automatic intersect point computation function. "STARTING CORNER?" cc, "STARTING POINT-X?" "STARTING POINT-22" Set the starting point position for taper, convex arc and concave are. d, "FINAL POINT-X’ FINAL POINT-Z?" Set the final point position in each pattern. e. "FINAL CORNER?" The area at the starting point of the graphics element is called the starting corner and that at the final point 1s called the final corner. These corners can be chamfered or rounded. Final point Starting point Starting corner Final point Starting potitt Final corner 1." Corner chamfering If values are put in the STARTING CORNER and FINAL CORNER, chamfering becomes possible. 3-15 f. Mazak — 2, Corner rounding If a value is entered with [CORNER R] on the menu inverted, chamfering is possible with this value as arc radius. “RADIUS R?" or "ANGLE?" Set the taper angle or the radius for convex or concave arc. “FINISH SURFACE ROUGHNESS (MENU) ?"” Select the finished surface roughness code from the menu. This causes the feed speed for the finishing process to be calculated automatically. (EX.) Nose R: 0.8mm Surface roughness code | 1 | 2 | 3] 4 |5| 6/7] 8 | 9 Surface roughness (um) |100 | 50 |25 |125 |6.3| 3.2 |1.6| 0.8 |0.4 Feedrate (min./rev.) 0.8|0.565| 0.4) 0,282/0.2|0.143).101|0.071| 0.05 F: Feedrate R: Nose R (mm) ut Surface roughness (ym) SRY. Fe mm/rev 'NECKING OR FR/MIN (MENU)? Set the shape of the grinding allowance or feedrate per minute. Select the grinding allowance shape code or feedrate per minute from the menu. Mazak — 15—2—3-y—4——5 L-| [eee] | CANCEL 0.D. cutting | 1.D. cutting | Face cutting Forward direction Reverse direction | The grinding allowance shape is set by parameters. (P in the drawings represents the final point.) Grinding allowance code 1 User parameter (09, (X direction stands! for the radius.) 3-17 Grinding allowance code 2 ot User parameter (X direction stands for the radius.) Grinding allowance code 3 User paraneter [U9] (X direction stands for the radius.) us lo u10 ug Grinding allowance code 5 User parameter (UII), (X direction stands for the radius.) P = une uu Grinding allowance code 6 User parameter (13) vu (K direction stands for the | radius.) uns ' P 3-18 Mazak — Grinding allowance code 7 : User paranete: (X direction stands for the radius.) ls vL6 K The finish allowance shape must be determined on condition that: 1) The terminating énd portion of the straight line should form a right angle to the next adjoining straight line. 2) The tool tip angle should be limited when the grinding allowance is given. Grinding allowance code Cutting angle A 2 93° 1 and 5 Tool tip angle B < 60° P . A+B <¢ 153° P Grinding allowance code’ Cutting angle A> HI7° 2 and 6 Grinding allowance code Cutting angle A2117° 3 and 7 Tool tip angle B< 36° A+B ¢ 153° A: cutting angle A Bi tool tip angle 3-19 Mazak — If the grinding allowance code 4 has been set, the feedrate per minute becomes effective. It is used in combination with g. SRF to control the feedrate. (See the table below.) Roughness code 0 1 2 a4. | 5 6 7 Allowance code 4 dl) 4] at a 4a) 4 Feedrate (am/min.)|2,000|1,000 |720 | 520 | 370 | 270 | 200 | 140 Roughness code 8 9 Allowance code 4 4 Feedrate (am/min.)| 100) 72 i. "M CODE (MENU)?" The M code can be set by the menu keys or ten keys. This is an auxiliary function. M functions similar to those in the M mode of the process data can be entered. M functions becomes effective in the finish process mode and on. To use the coolant -from the rough machining, set the M functions with the process data in the M mode. For the M codes, refer to M (M FUNCTION) in process data. Note: When the program zero point and either of the coordinate of the starting point-X or Z, final point-X or Z of the sequence data becomes similar, machining in some cases may not be performed. 3-20 Mazak — 3-3-3 Tool path in BAR OUT rough cutting us Rapid feed ——— cutting feed CPT-X, 2 set by program process data DEPTH (first cut) set by program process data t, through t,: Amount of cut into which cutting decrement set by parameter [U59] is incorporated. The amount of cut decreases according as the diameter of the workpiece becomes smaller. Fi FIN-X set by program common data F,: FIN-Z set by program conmon data on. U6: Safety contour clearance (0.D.) set by parameter [U6]. U8: Safety contour clearance (face) set by parameter Notes: (1) The tool paths 3, 7, Il and 15 are the same as 9, 13, 17 and 21, respectively. 3-21 Mazak — (2) As compared with other tool paths, speed is increased in the tool path 24 portion. " (valid) or ": increase at the bar roughing cycle wall, using the Select " (invalid) for the speed parameter [023] and set the increase rate with the parameters [U56] and [U57]. The speed increase is effective only for the last block of the last wall during bar roughing cycle machining. (3) If the shape of roughing in the MAZATROL program is a wall, the tool is set apart from the wall by the amount equivalent to the clearance set by the parameter before it is moved. (See "Parameter".) 3-22 Mazak — 3-3-4 Tool path in BAR OUT finish cutting “tt CPT-X, Z set, by program process data FIN-X set by program common data Fi FIN-Z set by progzam common data U6: Safety contour clearance (0.D.) set by parameter [U6] U8: Safety contour clearance (face) set by paramete! 3-23 Mazak 3-3-5 Tool path in BAR(OUT] rough cutting — Rapid feed —=—— Cutting feed Pi CPT=K, Z set by program process data t,+ DEPTH (first cut) set by program process data ty through t, : Amount of cut into which the cutting decrease rate set by the parameter is incorporated. o” Fo: FIN-Z set by the program common data "(PNO] 0". Ft FIN-K set by the program common data U6: ‘Safety contour clearance (0:D.). set by parameter [U6]: 3424 Mazak — : Amount of relief from the wall in final rough cutting set by the parameter (1) The tool paths 8, 14, 20 and 26 are the same. (2) Feedrate increases in the tool path 29 portion. The parameter [U23] is used to determine whether the feedrate increase should be valid or invalid. The parameter (U56] and [U57] are used to set the increase rate. (3) Halfway machining (including but not Limited to BAR OUT) The square portion (indicated by oblique lines) as shown in the figure cannot be machined, This is because the cutting is done with an allowance of 3° with respect to the tool tip angle. The same applies to the other portions to be machined. Thus, to cut the protion indicated by the oblique lines, CNR (corner machining) is used. 3-25 Mazak — 3-3-6 Tool path in BAR FOE rough cutting Notes 1 “Hi ey | jee! I V4 fash, ii 4 Af Efile fle fot mi i | | la tN 1] riart q 1 1 1 $i us CPT-X, Z set by program process data DEPTH (first cut) set by program process data FIN-X set by program common data o" FIN-Z set by program common data "[PNO] 0" Safety contour clearance (0.D.) set by parameter [U6]. Safety contour clearance (face) set by parameter (1) The tool paths 3, 8 and 12 are the same as tool paths 10, 14 and 19, respectively. (2) As in BAR OUT roughing cycle, the feedrate increases at the tool path 21 portion. The parameter is used to determine whether feedrate should be increased or not. The feedrate increase rate is set by the parameter and 3-26 Mazak — 3-3-7 Tool path in BAR IN rough cutting P: CPT-X,Z set by program process data t: DEPTH (first cut) set by program process data t, through t,: Amount of cut into which cutting amount decrease rate set by the paraneter (U59] is, incorporated. ‘ Fx: FIN-X set by program common data om. Fz: FIN-Z set by program common data "PNO] 0”. U7: Safety contour clearance (I.D.) set by parameter[UZ] U8: Safety contour clearance (face) set by parameter! U60: Amount of relief from the wall in final rough cutting set by parameter (1) The tool paths 3 and 7 are the same as tool paths 9 and 13, respectively. 3-27 Mazak — (2) Feed rate is increased in the tool path 16 portion. Select valid or invalid for the speed increase using the parameter [U23] and set the increase rate with the parameters and 3-4 CPY : Copy Machining This mode is used when machining forged and similar materials. setect | “| rom the sens. 3-4-1 CPY process data PNO MODE PART CPT-X CPT-Z SRV-X SRV-Z RV FV FEED DEPTH GR RT FT Cab ede ge hee ae "MACHINING PART (MENU)?" Select the machining range from the menu. ‘The same patterns as BAR are used in CPY. b. "CUTTING POINT-x?" 3-28 Mazak — c. "CUTTING POINT-z?" The cutting point means the point at which the tool actually machines. In copy machining:CPY, the cutting point is defined as shown in the following figures. (Unit: om) Cutting point Point at which tool performs actual cutting «of material d. "STOCK REMOVAL-x?" e. "STOCK REMOVAL~Z?" Set the cutting allowance at the thickest portion of’ the copied material (in mm). "ROUGHING SURFACE SPEED?" Set the surface speed for rough machining. (in m/min) Select the [AUTO 7 key on the menu, and f. RV, g. FV, h. FEED and 4. DEPTH are automatically determined. © CPY mode rough tiachining surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture 3-29 Mazak — (CPY : RV (m/min)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) These values can be changed freely. They can also be set directly. “SURFACE SPEED FOR FINISH CUT?" Set the surface speed for finish machining (in m/ain.). cPY mode finish machining surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture (CPY : FV (m/min)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) "FEEDRATE (/REV) FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the feedrate per revolution of the spindle for rough machining. (Unit: mm/rev.) CPY mode rough machining feedrate per revolution determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (CPY : FEED (mm/rev)) is entered. “DEPTH OF CUT?" Set the maximum cut per path in rough machining as the radius value (single side thickness) (in mm). Maximum amount of cut in CPY mode rough machining determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (CPY : DEPTH (mm)) is entered. 3-30 "GEAR NO.2" Set the spindle gear No. in roughing. When nothing has been specified ot "0" is set, the gear is selected automatically. "ROUGHING TOOL NO.?" Set the tool No. for roughing. “OFFSET NO. Set the offset No. of the tool for roughing. “FINISHING TOOL NO. Set the tool No. for finishing. “OFFSET NO.?" Set the offset No. of the tool for finishing. 3-31 Mazak — Mazak 3-4-2 CPY sequence data SEQ SHP * S-CNR SPI-X SPT-Z FPT-X FPT-Z F-CNR RADIUS SRF $ M b. LN mo a | ATW] cenrer | | | tx c. c a. de ay f. ghee "SHAPE PATTERN (MENU) ?" Select the center of the arc used for patterns as with bar material (BAR) to define the shape and for calculations of the intersect points, using the menu. For the meaning of each shape, refer to "BAR' “STARTING CORNER?" "PINAL CORNER?" The starting and final corner can be faced or rounded. “STARTING POINT-X?" "STARTING POINT-2?" Set the starting point position in each taper, convex arc or concave arc. If the starting point of a taper, convex arc or concave are coincides with the final point of the previous linear sequence, push the [CONTINUET on the menu. Then, the value will be entered automatically. If either the starting point X or Z of a taper, convex arc or concave 3-32 Mazak — are is unknown, push the] 7] key on the menu to have the intersect point calculated on the CRT. d. "FINAL POINT-X?2" "FINAL POINT-2?" Set the final point position of each pattern shape. If either the final point X or Z for a convex or concave arc is unknown, push the [?] key on the menu to have the intersect point automatically calculated on the CRT. f£. "RADIUS R?" or "TAPER ANGLE?" Set the taper angle or the radius for a convex or concave are. g. "FIN SURFACE ROUGHNESS (MENU) 2?" Select the finished surface roughness code from the menu. Then, the feedrate for finishing is automatically determined and set. v vo | ow | ow | wy | ov | ww 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 vwvy | wv 8 9 h "NECKING OR FR/MIN (MENU)?" Set the shape of grinding allowance or feedrate per minute. Select the grinding allowance shape code or feedrate per minute from the menu. 3 4—-5 7 2 ] T 6 LL 1 L cee a c. CANCEL, 3-33 Mazak — "M CODE (MENU)?" The M code can be set with the menu keys or ten keys. This is an auxiliary function. M functions similar to those in the M mode of the process data can be entered. The M functions become effective when the machine is put in the finishing mode. For the M codes, refer to M (M function) in Process Data. 3-34 Mazak — 3-4-3 Tool path in CPY IN rough cutting Pi CPT-K, Z set by program process data t : DEPTH set by program process data F,? FIN-K set by program common data "[PNO] 0" Fj: FIN-Z set by program common data " [PNO] 0" U7: Safety contour clearance (0.D.) set by parameter U8: Safety contour clearance (I.D.) set by parameter [U8]. Notes: (1) The tool paths 4, 1 and 5 are the same as 9, 2 and 10, respectively. 3-35 Mazak — (2) When the tool path has fallen out of the material shape during the CPY roughing cycle, the cutting feedrate in that while can be increased according to the values set in the parameter [053] 100 + [058] 2 = FX 100 In case of CPY OUT: Feedrate outside material shape: F Feedrate inside material shape a ee 3436 @ 3-5 CNR: Corner Machining Some portions may be left uncut at the corners when cutting is pe rformed halfway. This data is used to remove that portion to make the corner ‘square. ‘CNR: Select the | - | from the menu. 3-5-1 CNR process data PNO MODE PART RV FV FEED DEPTH GR RT FT 7 CNR oa. be ee de e ff. g. he "MACRINING PART (MENU)?" Select the machining range from the menu. In corner machining, setting is made in the following manner for both open and halfway type cuttings: our = [our], in= (GN) , ree = [RE “SURFACE SPEED FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the surface speed in roughing (in m/min.). Push the [AUTO ?] on the menu, and the following will be automatically determined: b. RV oc, FV d. FEED e. DEPTH © CNR mode rough cutting surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture (CNR : RV (m/min.)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) These values can be varied freely, They can also be set directly. 3-37 Mazak — c. "SURFACE SPEED FOR FINISH CUT?" Set the surface speed in finish cutting. (in m/min) © CNR mode finish surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture (CNR : FV (m/min)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) 4. “FEEDRATE (/REV) FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the feedrate per revolution of the spindle for roughing (in mm/rev.), © CNR mode rough cutting feedrate per revolution determining element: . CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (CNR : FEED (mm/rev) is entered. e. "DEPTH OF CUT?’ Set the maximum amount of cut in rough cutting as the radius value (single side thickness) (in mm). o Maximum amount of cut in CNR mode rough cutting determining element : CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (CNR: DEPTH (mm)) is entered. "GEAR NO.2" Set the spindle gear No. in roughing. ° The gear number + is automatically determined if nothing or "0" has been set. @- "ROUGHING TOOL No, (MENU)?" Set the tool No. for roughing. "OFFSET NO.?" 3438 Mazak — Set the offset No. of the tool for roughing. h, "FINISHING TOOL No.2" Set the tool No. for finishing. “OFFSET NO. Set the offset No. of the tool for finishing. 3-5-2 CNR sequétice data SEQ © SPT-X SPT-Z FPT-K FPT-Z F-CNR SRF $§ M * a. a. b. be os idee fe a, "STARTING POINT-X?" "STARTING POINT-Z?" It is used to set the corner machining starting point (See the figure below.) b. “FINAL POINT-K?" "FINAL POINT-22" Set the final point in corner machining. (See the figures below.) CNR our Final point cr | een Uncut’ portion Starting point cNR IN Starting point : cyr (iN) Uncut portion Final point 3-39 Mazak — Starting point CNR FCE cnr [ECE] Uncut portion Final point c. "FINAL CORNER?" It is used for facing and rounding of a corner. Final point CNR OUT Portion of corner removed Starting point To face the corner, enter true value directly. To round the corner, enter the value with the CORNER R] on the menu inverted. Portion of comer removed | a cotnt cNR IN CNR FCE eee cnr (EN) Portion of wr (ECE) Starting point corner removed TS Final point Final point "FIN SURFACE ROUGHNESS (MENU)2" Enter a finished surface roughness code, selecting it from finish codes on the menu. Then, the feedrate in finishing will be automatically calculated and set. wv | voy | wiv 6 7 8 9 3-40 "NECKING OR FR/MIN (MENU)?2" Set the shape of grinding allowance or feedrate per minute. The grinding allowance is provided at the corner, Select the grinding allowance shape code or feedrate per minute from the menu. 4 7 2 3 5 6 é ¢_pemen L-| - C jens "M CODE (MENU)?" An auxiliary function allows the setting of the M code with meny keys or ten keys. An M functions as in the M mode of process data can be entered. The M function thus entered becomes effective from the finishing mode and on. For M codes, see M (M function) of process data. 341 Mazak — Mazak — 3-5-3 Tool path in CNR OUT rough cutting Pt CPT-X, Z set by program process data t': Amount of cut calculated by NC with the DEPTH set by Program process data added to the safety contour clearance in parameter [U6]. tt DEPTH set by program process data Ft FIN-X set by program common data " F 1 FIN-Z set by program common data "(PNO] 0” U6: Safety contour clearance (0.D.) set by parameter U60: Amount of telief from wall in final roughing set by parameter (ué0l Notes: (1) Tool paths 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 are same as the paths 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25, respectively. (2) amount of relief (tool paths 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25) in the Z direction are calculated by NC with the safety contour clearance set in parameter [U8] taken into account. 3-42 Mazak — 3-6 EDG : Edge Machining This function is used to machine the projection on the edge. 2G Select the a on the menu. 3-6-1 EDG process data PNO MODE RV FV FEED DEPTH GR RT FT * EDG abe ce doe f& g a. "SURFACE SPEED FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the surface speed in rough cutting (in m/min.), Push the [AUTO ?[ on the menu,and the following will be determined automatically: a. RV ob. FV oc. FEED d. DEPTH © EDG mode roughing surface speed determining element : CUTTING CONDITION picture (EDG : RV (m/min)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) These values can be changed freely. They can be also set ditectly. b. "SURFACE SPEED FOR FINISH CUT?" Set the surface speed in finishing (in m/min.). © DG mode finish surface speed determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture (EDG : FV (m/min.)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) 3-43 e Mazak — "FEEDRATE (/REV) FOR ROUGH CUT?" Set the feedrate per revolution of the spindle in roughing (in mm/rev.). EDG mode rough cutting feedrate per revolution determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (EDG : FEED (nm/rev.)) is entered as it is. “DEPTH OF CUT Set the maximum amount of cut per path in the Z direction in rough cutting (in um). Maximum amount of cut in EDG mode rough cutting determining element: CUTTING CONDITION picture The value of (EDG : DEPTH (mm)) is entered as it is. "GEAR NO.2" Set the spindle gear No. in rough cutting. - If nothing or "0" has been set, the gear number is selected automatically. "ROUGHING TOOL NO.2" Set the tool No. in rough cutting. “OFFSET NO.2" Set the offset No. for the tool used ip rough cutting. “PINISHING TOOL NO?" Set the.tool No. for finish cutting. 3-4 Mazak — “OFFSET NO.?" Set, the offset No. of the tool used for finishi cutting. 3-6-2 EDG sequence data SEQ SPT-K SPT-Z_—sFPT-K_—FPT-Z. SRF $M * a a. be by Gua dees a. "STARTING POINT-K2" "STARTING POINT-2? Set thé cutting start point on the projection of the material edge. Although the starting point is located to the right of the program zero point, the value of the starting point Z is entered as the positive value. Program zero point b. “FINAL POINT-X?" "FINAL POINT-2?" Set the final point of cutting at the projection on the material edge. (In the above figure, the final point is the program zero point.) cc. “FIN SURFACE ROUGHNESS (MENU)?" Enter the finish surface roughness code from the menu. Then, the feedrate in finish cutting 1s automatically calculated and set. 3 45 Mazak — "NECKING OR FR/MIN (MENU)?" If "4" 4s entered here after setting C. finish surface roughness code, feedrate per minute becomes effective. (Refer to the description of the grinding allowance in BAR sequence data.) Setting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 of the grinding allowance code, however, is invalid. "M CODE (MENU)?" - ‘An M code can be set with menu keys or ten keys. This function is auxiliary, The M code thus set becomes effective when finish machining begins. For M codes, see M (M function) of process data. 3-46 Mazak — 3-6-3 Tool path in EDG 7, + do ht Ir Rapid feed —— Cutting feed CPT-X, Z set by program process data WORK FACE (amount of projection) set in program common data o" FIN-Z set in program common data "(PNO| 0" Safety contour clearance (0.D.) set in parameter Safety contour clearance (face) set in parameter Amount of return (parameter (U6l]) after cutting rough cutting This becomes effective on finish machining also. 3-47 Mazak — 3-7 THR : Threading TER Used for threading. Select the |—yy—| from the menu. 3-7-1 THR process data PNO MODE PART CHAMF LEAD ANG MULTI HGT NUMBER V DEPTH GR T fee ed a. "MACHINING PART (MENU) Select the range of machining from the menu. In threading, there is no difference between the open type and halfway type cuttings: Fce = (ECE). Select, therefore, any among OUT, IN and FCE. b. "CHAMFERING 60°(2), 45°(1), NO(O)?" The shape of the chanfering can be set in terns of the chamfering angle. Specify "0" if no chamfering is required. Select "1" for 45° chamfering and "2" for 60° chamfering. (0) is set : No chamfering. 3-48 (1) is set : 45° chamfering (2) is set ; 60° chamfering Element determining amount of chamfering in THR: Chamfering is effective starting at the position located at a distance equivalent to the value of the parameter (U6) from the final point. Parametel Li: Effective threads L, : Incomplete threads at even pitches (delay in follow-up) L, ? Imcomplete threads at even pitches (amount of chamfering) 8: Chamfering angle 3-49) Mazak — c. "THREAD LEAD?" Specify the lead of threads, d. “ANGLE OF THREAD?" Specify the cutting angle in threading. Set two-tool tip side cutting is to be specified. Two-tool tip side cutting Set "60" for millimeter thread or "55" for inch thread if single-tool tip side cutting is to be specified. » a] \ Single-tool tip side cutting © If the pitch is 3 or more, it is desirable to specify the thread angle. e. "NUMBER OF ENTRANCE?" Set the number of threads. 3-50 £, "THREAD HEIGHT (AUTO + MENU)?" Set the height of threads (in mm). Push the [AUTO 21 on the menu, the following are automatically determined: HoT og. NUMBER hy V4, DEPTH These values can be changed freely. They can also be set directly. THR mode thread height determining element: Thread height = Thread pitch * parameter (see table below) Millimeter | Inch ‘THR OUT I v37 39 THR IN | 038 w40 ‘THR FCE l U37 039 (Unit: Z * 10-%) Standard setting of [37] and [U38} 6495 (thread angle: 60°) Standard setting o: and 6403 (thread angle: 55°) * The standard setting are those recommended by JIS.. + "NUMBER OF CUT PASSES?" Specify the number of cuttings in threading. Element determining the number of cutting in THR mode: The value automatically calculated by NC based on the lead and constants are entered. 3-51 Mazak — Mazak — “SURFACE SPEED?" Set the surface speed in threading (in m/min.). Element determining surface speed in THR mode: CUTTING CONDITION picture (THR : RV (m/min)) * (MATERIAL code (%)) “DEPTH OF FIRST CUT?" Set the amount of first cut in threading (in mm). Element determining amount of first cut in THR mode: The value automatically calculated by NC based on the lead. and constants is entered. "GEAR NO: Set the spindle gear No. for threading. If nothing or "0" has been set, the gear number is determined automatically. "TOOL No.2" Set the tool No. for threading. “OFFSET NO.2" Set the offset No. of the tool used for threading. 3-52 Mazak — 3-7-2 THR sequence data SEQ SPT-X -SPT-Z_—sFPT-K_—FPT~Z * a a b. be * c. ce a. "STARTING POINT-X2" "STARTING POINT-z?" Set the starting point in threading. The starting point-X sets the nominal diameter of the thread. THR OUT Tar [OUT Final point Starting point b. c. FINAL POINT-K?" "FINAL POINT-22" Set the final point in threading. The final point-x usually sets the nominal diameter of. the thread. in the above figure, the final point is located near the center of thé groove because incompleté’ threading is likely to occur near the final point. 3-53 Mazak — Starting point THR FCE Ta [FE] am Starting point Final point Tar [IN] If a plural number of final points are specified as seen inc., continuous threading is performed. In continuous threading, only final points should be set. Final point 2 Final point 1 Starting point 3-54 Supplement Mazak — Taper threading command The taper threading above is performed by entering the coordinate value of SPT-X and FPT-X. Machining part is selected according to the angle as follows: o

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