Compression Seal Technology

© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc.
2013
Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion

quiz online at ronblank.com to receive credit
COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY
A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE WINDOWS AND DOORS
REH08A | 1 AIA HSW CE HOUR
www.rehau.com Lance MacNevin | REHAU Academy

[email protected]
703-777-5255 Ext. 2458
An American Institute of Architects (AIA) Continuing Education Program
“COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY:
A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE WINDOW AND DOOR SYSTEMS”
- Approved Promotional Statement:
- Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion of this program will be reported to CES
Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are available for all course participants upon
completion of the course conclusion quiz with +80%.
Please view the following slide for more information on Certificates of Completion through RBA
- This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not
include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or Ron
Blank & Associates, Inc. of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
An American Institute of Architects (AIA) Continuing Education Program
- Course Format: This is a structured, web-based course with a final exam.

- Course Credit: 1 AIA Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) CE Hour
- Completion Certificate: A confirmation is sent to you by email and you can print one upon
successful completion of a course or from your RonBlank.com transcript. If you have any
difficulties printing or receiving your Certificate please send requests to
[email protected]
- Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of completion after
successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email confirmations will be sent to the
email address you have provided in your RonBlank.com account.

COURSE DESCRIPTION
In this one hour online course we will review compression-seal technology for high-
performance window and door systems. Through a discussion that includes definitions and
application examples, the design professional will be able to select the high-performance
window or door system to best suit their design. We will conclude the hour by outlining the
performance benefits of compression-seal technology and offering several case studies for
consideration.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
BY COMPLETING THIS COURSE, THE DESIGN PROFESSIONAL WILL BE ABLE TO:
1. State the definition of compression-seal technology as applied to high-performance

window and door systems
2. Describe how a compression seal works
3. Discuss the window and door configuration options using compression-seal technology
4. Explain the performance benefits when utilizing compression-seal technology for

windows and doors
5. Recognize the best applications of compression-seal technology

1. DEFINE COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY
as applied to high-performance window and door systems
DEFINITION
- Compress (verb): To press or squeeze together

- Compression (noun): The act, process or result of compressing
- Seal (noun): Something which closes or secures a thing
- Compression Seal: An element of a window or door system that, under pressure, tightly
seals the space between the sash (movable) and frame (stationary) components resisting
air, noise and water infiltration
What is Compression-Seal Technology (CST)?

Exactly as it sounds, a special gasket compressed between the operable sash and frame of
a window or door, to seal the joint by resisting air, noise and water infiltration for thermal and
acoustical performance.
DEFINITION OF COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY
EXAMPLES
Airplane doors
Regardless of the type of aircraft,
compression seals are crucial to their
performance.
Passenger jets will have a compression seal

system on their doors that prevents the loss of
cabin pressure at high altitudes due to
extreme negative air pressure. This is a
potential life or death barrier between the
inside and the outside, completely secured
with the latching/locking system.
Smaller airplanes also rely on compression

seals to keep the cabin safe and secure.
EXAMPLES
Car doors
A bit less crucial than an airplane door, but
still important to our comfort and safety, car
doors rely on compression seals.
On the road, we encounter many of the

same challenges as we do in our houses.
Rain, snow, wind, noise, temperatures and
safety are all issues that we want to control
as much as possible.
Compression seals help to maintain a dry,

comfortable and secure environment inside
our vehicles when combined with the door
locking system.
EXAMPLES
Refrigerator doors
Entirely focused on the control of temperature,
refrigerators require an effective sealing
system to keep the warm air out and the cold
air in.
In commercial refrigerators, mechanical

latches help to create the compression seal
between the door and the refrigeration area.
SUMMARY
Compression Seal
- An element of a window or door system that, under pressure, tightly seals the space
between the sash (movable) and frame (stationary) components resisting air, noise and
water infiltration.
Compression-Seal Technology (CST)

- A special gasket compressed between the operable sash and frame of a window or door,
to seal the joint by resisting air, noise and water infiltration for thermal and acoustical
performance.
Only certain types of windows and doors use compression-seal technology

2. HOW A COMPRESSION SEAL WORKS
HOW A COMPRESSION SEAL WORKS
ILLUSTRATION
Sliding Seal Compression Seal Compression Seal

(not a compression seal)
Sash movement is side-to- Sash movement is in/out A window’s or door’s
side within the frame using using gaskets which are performance relies heavily
seals that are usually usually a flexible polymer upon the ability of the
comprised of fibrous material. gasket to stop infiltration.
material.
SOME SHAPES OF COMPRESSION-SEAL GASKETS FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS

SPECIALIZED GASKETS ARE DESIGNED FOR THE RIGORS OF THE CRITICAL COMPRESSION SEAL
EXTRUDED uPVC CASEMENT WINDOW SHOWING UNCOMPRESSED AND COMPRESSED GASKETS
- In these drawings, two distinct compression seal gaskets are shown

- The shape and properties of the gaskets are important for the compression seal to
function correctly
Uncompressed Compressed
IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTES OF GASKET MATERIALS
- Color
- Shape
- Position
- Thickness
- UV resistance
- Tensile strength
- Durability/toughness
- Tear/peel resistance
- Uniform compression
- Consistent lineal contact
- Flexibility, even in cold weather
- Resistance to aging and oxidation
- Material stability, even in hot weather
- Co-extrudability (ability to bond to frame or sash)
IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTES OF GASKET MATERIALS
High quality compression-seal gaskets are typically made of the following

materials:
− EPDM type/s Shore A40-55
− Flexibility down to -50°C, maximum working temperature of 150°C
− Various materials may be coextruded to add stiffness and flexibility where needed
THE ROLE OF HARDWARE
1. Pressure is applied to the gasket through the use of hardware.

2. The hardware is positioned on both the sash and frame so that
the gasket is compressed, like a garden hose in a vise.
3. The correct amount of pressure is enough to firmly grip the
gasket, but not too much so as to crush it or permanently
deform it.
4. Compression is usually the most effective at the pressure
points (i.e., location of the hardware). The farther you move
Adjustable hardware
away from the pressure points, the weaker the compression
Mushroom head adjuster
forces may become.
5. With continuous and adequate pressure on the gasket, fairly
equal contact between the sash and frame can be established
and maintained. Most compression-seal hardware today
incorporates adjustment capabilities so that, over time,
compensation can be made for weathering,
expansion/contraction and aging of the structure.
6. Not all compression-seal designs perform the same based on profile design and the type
of hardware that is applied. Multi-point locking is the most effective method of creating
consistent pressure all around the sash and frame.
7. Compression seals can be so effective that some designs

will require pressure equalization – allowing air into the
system at higher performance levels so that any water that
enters the system is capable of draining at an adequate
rate.
SUMMARY
1. Pressure is applied to the gasket through the use of hardware.
2. The hardware is positioned on both the sash and frame so that the gasket is
compressed.
3. The correct amount of pressure is enough to firmly grip the gasket.
4. With continuous and adequate pressure on the gasket, fairly equal contact between the
sash and frame can be established and maintained.
5. Multi-point locking is the most effective method of creating consistent pressure all around
the sash and frame.
3. PRODUCT CONFIGURATIONS WITH
PRODUCT CONFIGURATIONS USING COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY
WINDOW CONFIGURATIONS
What are the options? 1 2 3

1 Fixed (non-operable)
Operable:
2 Tilt-turn
3 Tilt-slide
4 Casement 4 5 6
5 Awning
6 Hopper
- Each of these configurations utilize compression seal technology

- Sliders, single-hung and double-hung windows do not
TILT-TURN WINDOW AND DOOR SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
Tilt-turn window and door designs deliver

high-performance with a European flare
- Multi-point locking hardware adds security
- Tilt or turn operation provides ventilation and
egress
- Glass and insulated panel options provide
added versatility
- System meets high wind-load, high-rise and
hurricane impact requirements
- Frame depth is ideal for Insulated Concrete
Form (ICF) construction
Available configurations: Tilt-turn window and door designs utilize

- Tilt-turn window compression-seal technology
- Atrium door, French, sliding and tilt-turn doors
- Picture (fixed)
WINDOW CONFIGURATIONS
Tilt-turn window design is three styles in one:
An inward opening casement in the turn position; a secure top venting hopper in the tilt
position; a tightly-sealed picture window when closed.
DOOR CONFIGURATIONS
Single Door Design Store Front Design Double Door Design

Out-swing French doors
Bi-fold Door Design Tilt-slide Door Design

OPERATION
1
Tilt
1
position
3
2
Turn
position
1
2 3
Closed
3 and
locked
position
OPERATION
Tilt Function
OPERATION
Turn Function
DIFFERENT SILLS FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
Atrium Door Sill Commercial Door Sill ADA Door Sill –

Not CST all around
REPLACING HUNGS AND SLIDERS
Not CST (sliding seal) Compression-seal Technology Configurations
or
SH/DH Tilt-turn w/mull Tilt-turn w/mull

and grids
or
Slider Tilt-turn and fixed Fixed over hopper

light
Slider-fixed-slider Tilt-turn-fixed-tilt-turn
Twin SH/DH Twin tilt-turn w/mulls

SH/DH-fixed-SH/DH Fixed over hopper-fixed-fixed over hopper

CASEMENT WINDOW SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
Casement window design opens completely,

allowing for effective ventilation
- The most popular hardware sets are supported
- Fixed window designs can create a variety of
architectural shapes
Available configurations:
- Casement (singles and multiples)
- Awning (singles and multiples)
- Picture window (fixed)
Casement window designs utilize

compression-seal technology
CASEMENT WINDOW SYSTEMS
EXAMPLE
SUMMARY
- Both windows and doors are available with

compression seal technology
- Tilt-turn and casement operation both use
- Window CST configurations available:

- Fixed
- Tilt-turn
- Casement
- Awning
- Hopper
- Door CST configurations available:

- Tilt-turn
- Tilt-slide
- Side-hinged
4. PERFORMANCE BENEFITS OF
For high-performance windows and doors, hardware and seals work together
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS OF COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY
FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE WINDOWS AND DOORS
HARDWARE AND SEALS WORK TOGETHER
Why are compression-seal designs the best

high-performance window and door options?
- With compression-seal window and door designs
we have the ability to add locking points
(compression points)
- Casement hardware technology has evolved to
allow several compression points on the locking
side of the sash
- European system designs have taken multi-point
locking to another level, with the ability to transfer
the locking motion around the corners to all sides
of the sash and frame
- With quad-side pressure, compression is taking
place at every point along the perimeter of the
sash, providing the most effective seal possible
HARDWARE AND SEALS WORK TOGETHER
Why are compression-seal designs the best

high-performance window and door options?
- Multi-point locking
- Resists air infiltration
- Resists water infiltration
- Resists noise infiltration
- Creates a more structurally-sound system
- Increases security
- Makes larger sizes possible
Locking Points
WINDOW AND DOOR ASSOCIATIONS AND STANDARDS
North American Fenestration Standard 2011 (NAFS-11) is the latest version of the
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 combined standard. It applies to window, door, skylight
and roof window products sold in Canada and in the US.
American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) has stood as a strong

advocate for manufacturers and professionals in the fenestration industry with respect to
product certification, standards development, education and training, legislative regulations,
building and energy codes.
Source: AAMA
www.aamanet.org
ASTM International develops international standards for materials, products, systems and
services used in construction, manufacturing and transportation.
- ASTM E90 “Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound
Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements”
Source: ASTM International
www.astm.org
National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) provides accurate information to measure

and compare energy performance of windows, doors and skylights.
Source: NFRC
www.nfrc.org
ENERGY STAR is a government-backed program helping businesses and individuals protect

the environment through superior energy efficiency.
Source: ENERGY STAR
www.energystar.gov
Fenestration Canada (Formerly Canadian Window & Door Manufacturers Association

or CWDMA) represents and supports all aspects of the window and door manufacturing
industry, including formulating and promoting high standards of quality in manufacturing,
design, marketing, distribution, sales and application of all types of window and door
products.
Source: Fenestration Canada
www.cwdma.ca
Structural Performance
- NAFS-11
- CAN / CSA-A440 standard
- AAMA / WDMA / CSA 101/I.S.2 / A440-05
Forced Entry Resistance
- ASTM F588
Thermal Performance
- NFRC 100 and 200
Acoustical Performance
- ASTM E90-09
- AAMA 1801
Hurricane Impact Resistance
- ASTM 1886 and 1996
- TAS 201, 202, 203
Blast Mitigation
- ASTM F1642 and GSA TS-01
Structural Performance
- Large chambers accommodating galvanized steel reinforcement and multi-point locking
design contribute to excellent structural performance.
Compression-seal Technology is capable of:
Configuration AAMA Size (in.)

Fixed AW70 60 x 99
Tilt-turn CW95 48 x 71
Hopper AW100 60 x 32
Single Out-swing Door Up to LC80 36 x 83
Dual Out-swing Door Up to LC35 72 x 96
Configuration CSA Size (in.)

Fixed Fx, B7, C5/C5 72 x 72
Tilt-turn A3, B7, C5/C5 48 x 71
Thermal Performance
- A good compression-seal design correctly seals the
gap between the operating window or door sash and
the fixed frame. This seal helps to more effectively
reduce the loss of warm air in the winter and the loss
of cool air in the summer.
– Thermal image of tilt-turn window demonstrates how
effectively this design separates warmer air and cooler
air in order to achieve optimal energy efficiency.
Example: Double Hung has 31% higher U-value than

CST tilt-turn window for same glass package
Configuration U-value
Double Hung 0.29*
Tilt-turn 0.22*
*same uPVC material as basis for comparison
Acoustical Performance
- As with the transfer of hot and cold, sound moves through the air. Take away air and we
have no sound.
- You can specify the world’s greatest acoustic glass package, but if there are gaps between
the sash and frame, performance will be compromised.
- Compression-seal technology more completely fills the gap between the sash and frame,
taking away the path for sound to travel around the acoustical glass and any special
framing materials.
- The acoustic performance values with CST configurations are far superior than typical
sliding seal window configurations
− STC (Sound Transmission Coefficient)

− OITC (Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Coefficient)
RELATIVE RATINGS OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS
System Thermal Acoustic Fresh Air Egress Security
Fixed A A F F A
Tilt-turn B B A A A
Casement C C A A C
Sliding Seal
F F B C F
(H and V)
A - Best Conclusion:
B - Better − Window and door configurations using CST outperform sliding seal
C - Good
windows and doors in these important criteria
F - Fail
CST Improves:
- Security:
Multiple locking points surrounding sash form tight seal, providing extra security.
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency:
The overlapping frame and sash designs provide more resistance to energy loss (more
distance between outside/inside). Designs can accommodate heavier insulated glass
units to maximize thermal performance. Larger frames and sashes can contain multiple
air chambers to increase frame and sash U-values.
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to air and water infiltration:
Multiple locking points compressing polymer gaskets provide a tight seal against air and
water infiltration (think of an airplane door!).
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to air and water infiltration
- Resistance to sound:
Sound travels through the air, and so creating the most “air-tight” barrier helps resist
sound transmittance.
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to sound
- Resistance to blast:
As with security, resistance to blast can be achieved through additional concealed
hardware. More hardware can be added because it is invisible.
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to blast
- Resistance to hurricanes and storms:
Achieved through the same method for stopping blast…additional concealed hardware.
The ability to add all of this hardware can be attributed to the fact that it is not visible.
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to hurricanes and storms
- Comfort:
Creates an environment where the area near the windows is no longer undesirable space.
POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO LEED CERTIFICATION
LEED® – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Thanks to higher efficiency and more comfortable indoor environment
LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations

100 base points; 6 possible Innovation in Design and 4 Regional Priority points
Certified 40-49 points

Silver 50-59 points
Gold 60-79 points
Platinum 80 points and above


SUMMARY
CST Improves:
- Security
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to hurricanes and storms
- Comfort
5. THE BEST APPLICATIONS OF
I. Residential
II. Commercial
III. Hospitality
IV. Institutional
THE BEST APPLICATIONS OF COMPRESSION-SEAL TECHNOLOGY
TILT-TURN WINDOW AND DOOR APPLICATIONS
I. RESIDENTIAL
Location: Bozeman, MT
Type of Structure: Residential construction and
research project overseen by the Montana
State University Creative Research Lab
Products: Tilt-turn windows and doors
Installation: 2011
Reasons Selected:
- Energy efficiency
- Structural
- Appearance
- Disabled access
FIXED AND TILT-TURN WINDOW AND DOOR APPLICATIONS
I. RESIDENTIAL
Location: Seattle, WA
Type of Structure: 14-story condominiums
Products: Fixed and tilt-turn windows
and doors
Reasons Selected:
- Energy efficiency
- Excellent security
- Structural performance
- Large sizes
- Ease of maintenance
I. HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL
Location: Moscow, Russia

Type of Structure: 57-story high-end
Residential, 260 m / 865 ft. tall
Product: Tilt-turn windows
Installation: 2005
Reasons Selected:
− At 865 ft tall, the Triumph Palace is
Moscow’s tallest residential building
− Tilt-turn windows created maximum day
lighting and energy efficiency
I. HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL
Location: South Padre Island, TX

Type of Structure: Los Corrales Luxury Condominiums
Installation: 2011
Reasons Selected:
- Hurricane protection
- Energy efficiency
- Aesthetics
I. RESIDENTIAL
Type of Structure: 12-story condominiums
Products: Fixed and tilt-turn windows and doors
Installation: 2002
Reasons Selected:
- Energy efficiency
- Large sizes
II. MIXED-USE COMMERCIAL/RESIDENTIAL
Type of Structure: Residential complex with ground-floor retail
Products: Casement combination units with architectural bronze finish
Installation: 2011
Reasons Selected:
- Appearance
- Maximum daylight
- Energy efficiency
II. MIXED-USE COMMERCIAL/RESIDENTIAL
Location: Capitol Hill District Seattle, WA

Type of Structure: Residential complex with ground-floor retail
Products: Tilt-turn windows with weather-resistant black finish
Installation: 2009
Reasons Selected:
- Appearance
- Maximum daylight
- Energy efficiency
II. COMMERCIAL
Location: Haymarket, VA
Type of Structure: Golf clubhouse
Products: Tilt-turn windows and doors, casement awning and picture windows
Installation: 2002
Reasons Selected:
- Appearance
- Ease of installation
- Energy efficiency
III. HOSPITALITY
Location: Whistler, British Columbia

Type of Structure: 558-room hotel
Installation: 1990
Reasons Selected:
- Energy efficiency
- Large sizes
Similar Installations:
- Chateau Lake Louise
- Chateau Banff Springs
FIXED WINDOW APPLICATIONS
III. HOSPITALITY
Location: Halifax, Nova Scotia

Products: 300 Fixed windows (single,
twin and bay configuration) and patio doors
Reasons Selected:
- Color “Marriott red”
- Energy efficiency
- Resistance to salt spray
TILT-TURN FRENCH DOOR APPLICATIONS
III. HOSPITALITY
Location: Kirkland, WA
Product: Tilt-turn French doors
Reasons Selected:
- First “Green Built” hotel in Washington state
- Enhanced comfort
- Contributed to the hotel’s aesthetic charm
- Provided excellent energy efficiency and sound abatement properties
TILT-TURN WINDOW APPLICATIONS
IV. INSTITUTIONAL
Location: Collingswood, NJ
Type of Structure: Assisted living,
nursing home, apartments
Products: Casement windows with
Installed: 1995
Reasons Selected:
Peaceful living in close proximity to
high-speed rail
Appearance, matching existing
windows
TILT-TURN WINDOW APPLICATIONS
IV. INSTITUTIONAL
Location: Bemidji, MN
Type of Structure: Multi-purpose
facility on school campus of
Concordia Language Villages
Products: Tilt-turn windows
Installation: 2007
Reasons Selected:
North America‘s first certified
German “Passivhaus,” using 85%
less energy than comparable US
structures
SUMMARY
I. Residential
II. Commercial
III. Hospitality
IV. Institutional
COURSE SUMMARY
PARTICIPANTS SHOULD NOW BE ABLE TO:
1. State the definition of compression-seal technology as applied to high-performance

window and door systems
2. Explain how a compression seal works
3. List the product configurations using compression-seal technology
4. Explain the performance benefits of compression-seal technology for windows and doors
5. Recognize the best applications of compression-seal technology

© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2013

REH08A | 1 AIA HSW CE HOUR
www.rehau.com Lance MacNevin | REHAU Academy

[email protected]
703-777-5255 Ext. 2458

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© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc.

Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion

www.rehau.com Lance MacNevin | REHAU Academy

- Approved Promotional Statement:

- Course Format: This is a structured, web-based course with a final exam.

Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion

1. State the definition of compression-seal technology as applied to high-performance

2. Describe how a compression seal works

4. Explain the performance benefits when utilizing compression-seal technology for

5. Recognize the best applications of compression-seal technology

- Compress (verb): To press or squeeze together

What is Compression-Seal Technology (CST)?

Passenger jets will have a compression seal

Smaller airplanes also rely on compression

On the road, we encounter many of the

Compression seals help to maintain a dry,

In commercial refrigerators, mechanical

Compression-Seal Technology (CST)

Only certain types of windows and doors use compression-seal technology

Sliding Seal Compression Seal Compression Seal

SOME SHAPES OF COMPRESSION-SEAL GASKETS FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS

- In these drawings, two distinct compression seal gaskets are shown

High quality compression-seal gaskets are typically made of the following

1. Pressure is applied to the gasket through the use of hardware.

7. Compression seals can be so effective that some designs

1. Pressure is applied to the gasket through the use of hardware.

3. The correct amount of pressure is enough to firmly grip the gasket.

What are the options? 1 2 3

- Each of these configurations utilize compression seal technology

Tilt-turn window and door designs deliver

Available configurations: Tilt-turn window and door designs utilize

Single Door Design Store Front Design Double Door Design

Bi-fold Door Design Tilt-slide Door Design

Atrium Door Sill Commercial Door Sill ADA Door Sill –

SH/DH Tilt-turn w/mull Tilt-turn w/mull

Slider Tilt-turn and fixed Fixed over hopper

Twin SH/DH Twin tilt-turn w/mulls

SH/DH-fixed-SH/DH Fixed over hopper-fixed-fixed over hopper

Casement window design opens completely,

Casement window designs utilize

- Both windows and doors are available with

- Window CST configurations available:

- Door CST configurations available:

Why are compression-seal designs the best

Why are compression-seal designs the best

American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) has stood as a strong

National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) provides accurate information to measure

ENERGY STAR is a government-backed program helping businesses and individuals protect

Fenestration Canada (Formerly Canadian Window & Door Manufacturers Association

Configuration AAMA Size (in.)

Configuration CSA Size (in.)

Example: Double Hung has 31% higher U-value than

− STC (Sound Transmission Coefficient)

System Thermal Acoustic Fresh Air Egress Security

Thanks to higher efficiency and more comfortable indoor environment

LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations

Certified 40-49 points

Thanks to higher efficiency and more comfortable indoor environment

Thanks to higher efficiency and more comfortable indoor environment

Location: Moscow, Russia