ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP)

Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project

CONTRACT: CD-1

SUBMISSION OF

CALCULATION NOTE
- SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

Document No. Design Date Rev. Status Remarks

DEBA-DD-EL-CC-3143 ZHANG J 10/01/2022 0 FOR APPROVAL

SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.

 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 2 / 9> REV. 0
CONTENT
1 Substation’s profile................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Standards.....................................................................................................................................................3

3 Equivalent Impedance Calculation....................................................................................................... 3

3.1 Symbols for calculation........................................................................................................................3

3.2 Bench Mark.............................................................................................................................................. 3

3.3 System Parameters................................................................................................................................4

3.4 Equivalent Impedance Calculation.................................................................................................... 4

4 Positive Sequence Figure........................................................................................................................4

5 Three-phase Short Circuit Current........................................................................................................5

5.1 Symbols for calculation........................................................................................................................5

5.2.1 Short circuit current of k2 position fault under three-paralleling operation.......................5

5.2.2 Short circuit current of k2 and k3 position fault under two-parallel and one-seperate

operation..........................................................................................................................................................5

5.2.3 Short circuit current of k2, k3 and k4 position fault under three-seperate operation...... 6

6 Single-Phase Short Circuit Current...................................................................................................................6

6.2.1 Determination Of Parameter................................................................................................................ 7
6.6.2 Calculation..........................................................................................................................................8
7 Recommendation.......................................................................................................................................9
 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 3 / 9> REV. 0

1 Substation’s profile
Debra Substation mainly has three(3) voltage levels: 132kV, 33kV and 6.6kV. It contains two(2) incoming lines from
Geferssa line and Chancho line, which will be established in this project. And the maximum three-phase short current of
132kV busbar got from both Chancho and Deaba-TP is 4485.2A supplied by letter of Ref No.TSDD/1016/2021.

2 Standards
In order to determine short circuit current of 6.6kV side of our workscope, calculation procedure can be identified using

the formulas of IEEE141-1993 “CHAPTER 4 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT CALCULATION”.

3 Equivalent Impedance Calculation

3.1 Symbols for calculation
S B is the base capacity, in MVA.

U B.132 is the base voltage for 132kV system, in kV.

U B.6.6 is the base voltage for 6.6kV system, in kV.

IB.132 is the base current for 132kV system, in A.

I B.6.6 is the base current for 6.6kV system, in A.

Z B.132 is the base impedance for 132kV system, in Ω.

Z B.6.6 is the base impedance for 15kV system, in Ω.

Z is the impedance value for the substation, in Ω.

Z  is the per unit impedance value for the substation,

3.2 Bench Mark

S B  100 MVA

SB 100
UB.132  132kV ; IB.132    103  437.40A ;
3  UB.132 3  132

UB.132 132  10 3
Z B.132    174.24 Ω
3  IB.132 3  437.40

SB 100
U B.15 = 6.6kV ; I B.6.6 = = ×103 = 8747.73A ;
3 × U B.6.6 3 × 6.6
 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 4 / 9> REV. 0

U B .6.6 6.6 × 10 3
Z B .6.6 = = = 0.4356 Ω
3 × IB .6.6 3 × 8747.73

3.3 System Parameters

For 132kV system, the base voltage is 132kV,

For132//333/6.6kV transformer,

Rated power capacity: 50/5/45MVA ONAN/ONAF

Rated voltage ratio: 132± 10x1.25%/33/6.6 kV

Connection group: YNd11d11

Impedance voltage for nominal tap position between 132 and 6.6 kV windings: U k = 12.16%

There is no enough information about the 6.6kV system, so assumption: the 6.6kV system and feeders are distribution

system, and there is no short circuit current supplied from 6.6kV system when short circuit fault occurs.

3.4 Equivalent Impedance Calculation

Short circuit current of existing 132KV busbar in the substation is IK .132.BUSBAR = 4485.2 A .
UB.132 132
Equivalent impedance of 132kV system in the substation Z132 = = = 16.99 Ω
3 × IK .132 3 × 4.4852

Z132 16.99
and per unit value is Z132 = = = 0.0975177 .
Z B.132 174.24

Impedance of main transformer:

The impedance converted to high voltage side of the transformer is:

Z T .132 / 6.6 = UK × U2 /S = 12.16% × 1322 / 45 = 47.08 Ω ,

Z T .132 / 6.6 47.08

and per unit value is Z T .132 / 6.6 = = = 0.27 .
Z B.132 174.24

4 Positive Sequence Figure

4.1 The most serious state of three-paralleling operation, the positive sequence figure of Debra substation is as follow:
1 3 2 kV B U S 0 .2 7 6 .6 kV B U S
0 .0 9 7 5 1 7 7
1 3 2 K V IN C O M IN G L IN E TR1
(E q u iva le n t S Y S T E M )
0 .2 7 k2
k1
TR2
0 .2 7

TR3
 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 5 / 9> REV. 0
4.2 The state of two-parallel and one-seperate operation, the positive sequence figure of Debra substation is as follow:
1 3 2 kV B U S 0 .2 7 6 .6 kV B U S k3
0 .0 9 7 5 1 7 7
1 3 2 K V IN C O M IN G L IN E TR1
(E q u iva le n t S Y S T E M )
0 .2 7 k2
k1
TR2
0 .2 7

TR3

4.3 The most save state of three-seperate operation, the positive sequence figure of Debra substation is as follow:
1 3 2 kV B U S 0 .2 7 6 .6 kV B U S k3
0 .0 9 7 5 1 7 7
1 3 2 K V IN C O M IN G L IN E TR1
(E q u iva le n t S Y S T E M )
0 .2 7 k2
k1
TR2
0 .2 7 k4

TR3

5 Three-phase Short Circuit Current

5.1 Symbols for calculation

Z  is the per unit impedance value.

I is the per unit current value.

5.2.1 Short circuit current of k2 position fault under three-paralleling operation

When TR1,TR2 and TR3 are paralleling operation. The value of short circuit current at point k2 will be maximum, which

is: The per unit value of impedance is

0.27
Z k1/k 2 = ZT.132/6.6 /3 = = 0.09 , and the per unit value of voltage is U  Uc1  1.0 .
3

I* = 1/(Z k 1/k 2 + Z132 ) = 1/(0.09 + 0.0975177) = 5.33

The three-phase short circuit current is IK 2 = I* × IB .6.6 = 5.33 × 8747.73 = 46650.15 A = 46.65 kA

5.2.2 Short circuit current of k2 and k3 position fault under two-parallel and one-seperate operation

When TR2 and TR3 are paralleling and TR1 is seperately operating. The value of short circuit current at point k2 will be

maximum, which is: The per unit value of impedance is

 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 6 / 9> REV. 0

0.27
Z k1/k 2 = ZT.132/6.6 /2 = = 0.135 , and the per unit value of voltage is U  Uc1  1.0 .
2

I* = 1/(Z k 1/k 2 + Z132 ) = 1/(0.135 + 0.0975177) = 4.3

The three-phase short circuit current is IK 2 = I* × IB .6.6 = 4.3 × 8747.73 = 37621.78 A = 37.62 kA

5.2.3 Short circuit current of k2, k3 and k4 position fault under three-seperate operation

When TR1, TR2 and TR3 are seperately operating. The value of short circuit current will be same at k2, k3 and k4,

which is:

The per unit value of voltage is

U  Uc1  1.0 .

And the impendance is:

I* = 1/(Z k 2 + Z132 ) = 1/(0.27 + 0.0975177) = 2.72

The three-phase short circuit current is IK 2 = IK 3 = IK 4 = I* × IB .6.6 = 2.72 × 8747.73 = 23793 .82 A = 23.8 kA

6 Single-Phase Short Circuit Current

6.1 General principle

Three phase ground capacitance are regarded as capacitive symmetrical load when the system operate normally.
In such good condition, the neutral point electric potential is earthing potential, so EO  0 . At the same time phase

voltage is UR  ER , US  ES , UT  E T , correspondingly ICO.R , ICO.S , ICO.T are capacitance current to the ground which

are ahead of the voltage 90°. Phasor diagram as follow:

ER UR
R UR

ES US
O S I CO.S

ET UT I CO.R
T
I CO.T I CO.S I CO.R UT I CO.T US

I CO.R + I CO.S + I CO.T = 0

earth

Fig1. Capacitance Current Under Normal Circumstances

When a single phase short circuit current to the ground was happened( assumed T phase), the fault phase voltage

is earthed and equal to zero. Non-fault phase R and S voltage to the ground were raised to line -to -line voltage,
 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 7 / 9> REV. 0
So :

UR  3ER , US  3ES , UT  0

According to Kirchhoff’s Current Law, the currents of single phase ground capacitance is:

ICO.R  ICO.S  IC  0

IC  -(ICO.R  ICO.S )  - 3ICO.R  - 3ICO.S

And calculation formula of single phase capacitance current is:

UR 3ER
ICO.R  ICO.S  
XC XC

Then:

3ER E
IC   3ICO.R   3  3 R  3ICO
XC XC

Thus it can be seen that short circuit current to the ground is 3 times capacitance current under normal

circumstances. Phasor diagram as follow:

UR
ER UR
R
IC
ES US I CO.S
O S
I CO.R
ET UT =0 US
T
I CO.S I CO.R UT
IC

I CO.R + I CO.S = - I C
earth

Fig2. Single Phase Short Circuit Current Under Fault Circumstances

6.2 Calculation procedure

6.2.1 Determination Of Parameter

For DERBA Substation, earthing transformer should withstand capacitive currents of 1 outgoing line, one capacitor

bank line and one transformer cable incoming line under bus bar “C”. So:

nl =1, nc=1 , nT=1

 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 8 / 9> REV. 0
Length from transformer to the incoming 6.6kV busbar is about 70m, we take 0.1km for calculation. And 6.6kV

cable length of capacitor bank is about 40m, we also take 0.1km for calculation, 6.6kV outgoing line cable is 3km

assumed and 6.6kV overhead transmission line is about 100km assumed, So:

LC=0.1km, Ll1=3.0km, Ll2=100km , LT=0.1km;

In this project, the size of cable we selected is YJV-6/10-4x630 per phase for transformer incoming cable and for

the 6.6kV outgoing line cables and YJV-6/10-2x240 per phase for capacitor bank. According to the parameter provided

by cable manufacturer, the capacitance of YJV-6/10-1x240 is 0.429uF/km and YJV-6/10-1x630 is 0.6481uF/km. So:

C240=0.429uF/km , C630=0.6481uF/km.

6.6.2 Calculation

The short circuit current of fault point is from three capacitance current sources which are 1 outgoing line cable, 1

capacitor bank and 1 transformer incoming cable. Each capacitance current is as followed:

(1) 1 outgoing line cable:

ER 6.6
IC.L.1 = nl × L l1 × 3 × 2 × π × f × C 630 × × 10 3 = 1× 3 × 3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 4 × 0.6481× × 10 3 = 27.92 A
3 3

1 transformer incoming cable:

ER 6.6
IC.T. = nT × L T × 3 × 2πf × C 630 × × 10 3 = 1× 0.1× 3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 4 × 0.6481× × 10 3 = 0.930A
3 3

1 capacitor bank cable:

ER 6.6
IC.C. = nC × L C × 3 × 2πf × C 240 × × 10 3 = 1× 0.1× 3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 2 × 0.429 × × 10 3 = 0.308A
3 3

(2) 1 overhead outgoing line

For overhead outgoing line , we take the formula from experience:

IC.L.2 = 0.16 × nl × L l2 = 0.16 × 1× 100 = 16 A

So the total capacitance current is about:

IC. = K × (IC.L.1 + IC.T. + IC.L.2 + IC.C ) = 1.3 × (27.92 + 0.930 + 0.308 + 16) = 58.71A
 EMPLOYER DERBA MIDROC CEMENT & Derba - Chancho 132kV Power Expansion Project
CONTRACTOR SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.
PROJECT NO. CD-1 DOCUMENT NO. DEBA--DD-EL-CC-3144 PAGE < 9 / 9> REV. 0

7 Recommendation
Compare the three-phase short circuit current of the above operation condition:

Condition Three - parallel two-parallel and one -seperate Three-seperate

Short circuit current(kA) 46.65kA 37.62kA 23.8kA

Obviously, the short cicuit current are very high above 40kA when transformer are operating in parallel, meanwhile the

rated current of 6.6kV switchgear is only 4000A, which can’t withstand 8000A under parallel operation. And based on

substation operation experience from other substation, the low voltage side of transformers are usually separately

operated.

So, we recommend that transformer to be supplied in this project is designed and followed by the existing transformer,

and the transformers are operating seperately and interlocked by the control of 6.6kV bus couplar.

At the same time, we propose that the thermal stability current of 6.6kV equipment remain 40kA/3s.