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Vector Spaces Endsem Solutions

The document contains instructions for a linear algebra exam with two questions. Question 1 asks to find fundamental subspaces, check for a solution to a system of equations, and compute reduced row echelon form. Question 2 asks to apply the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis for a given subspace of functions.

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Akarsh Gupta
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29 views3 pages

Vector Spaces Endsem Solutions

The document contains instructions for a linear algebra exam with two questions. Question 1 asks to find fundamental subspaces, check for a solution to a system of equations, and compute reduced row echelon form. Question 2 asks to apply the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis for a given subspace of functions.

Uploaded by

Akarsh Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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End-Semester Exam: Math-I (Linear Algebra)

Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi

22nd November, 2019

Duration: 120 minutes Maximum Marks: 80

Instructions:

1. Commence each answer to a question on a fresh page. If some part of a question is done later,
it should also be commenced on a fresh page, and this should be clearly mentioned in the
main question.

2. You may use without proof any result covered in the course (either in lecture or tutorial).
However, it should be clearly identified. Results taken from other sources must be proved.

Question 1.
(a) (6 marks) Find col(A), null(A) and row(A) for the matrix
 
5 2 −4
A = −5 2 16 
0 7 21

and a basis for each of the three.

(b) (4 marks) Does the equation Ax = b have a solution for


 
−4
b =  4 ?
2

Answer 1.
First Solution:
(a) The cross product of the row vectors (5, 2, −4) and (−5, 2, 16) is (40, −60, 20). As this is
orthogonal to the row vector (0, 7, 21), it follows that the nullspace of A is non-trivial, therefore

3 > dim row(A) = dim null(A).

As the first two rows of A are not linear multiples of each other, a basis of row(A) is

{(5, 2, −4), (−5, 2, 16)}.


As the first two columns of A are not linear multiples of each other, a basis of col(A) is

{(5, −5, 0), (2, 2, 7)}.

Thus the nullspace of A is 1-dimensional and a basis for null(A) is

(40, −60, 20).

(b) We solve the equation


c1 (5, −5, 0) + c2 (2, 2, 7) = (−4, 4, 2)
for c1 and c2 . As this equation has no solution, the vector (−4, 4, 2) is not in col(A).

Rubric: 1 mark for finding the cross product, 2 marks for showing that it is orthogonal to
the third row. 1 mark each for bases of fundamental subspaces. 4 marks for solving the system of
equations mentioned in part (b).

Second Solution:
We compute the RREF of [A b]:  
1 0 −2 0
0 1 3 0
0 0 0 1

(a) Since the pivot columns of A are the first two columns, a basis of col(A) is

{(5, −5, 0), (2, 2, 7)}.

The rows of the RREF of A which contain pivots are a basis of row(A), namely

{(1, 0, −2), (0, 1, 3)}.

We solve the system of equations

x1 − 2x2 = 0
x2 + 3x3 = 0

to obtain the basis


{(2, −3, 1)}
for null(A).

(b) The equation Ax = b has no solution because the augmented column of [A b] is a pivot
column.

Rubric: 2 marks for the RREF. 1 mark each for writing the correct bases of fundamental
subspaces. 2 marks for solving the system of equations obtained from the RREF to calculate the
basis vector for the nullspace. 3 marks for using the RREF of the augemented matrix to correctly
determine whether the system Ax = b has a solution.
Question 2 (10 marks). Let V = C[0, π], the vector space of all continuous functions defined on
the interval [0, π]. Equip V with the inner product
Z π
hf, gi := f (x)g(x) dx .
0

Find an orthonormal basis for the subspace

W = Span{1, sin x, sin2 x, sin3 x},

using the Gram-Schmidt algorithm.

Answer 2. Let
v1 = 1
v2 = sin x
v3 = sin2 x
v4 = sin3 x.

Let {w1 , . . . , w4 } denote the vectors obtained by using the Gram Schmidt algorithm and let
wj
ŵj = for j = 1, . . . , 4
kwj k

be the normalized vectors. Then


w1 = 1
1
ŵ1 = √
π
2
w2 = sin x −
π
 
2π 2
ŵ2 = 2 sin x −
π −8 π
 
2 2π 2 1
w3 = sin x − 2
sin x − −
3(π − 8) π 2
2
   
72(π − 8) 2 2π 2 1
ŵ3 = sin x − sin x − −
π(9π 2 − 88) 3(π 2 − 8) π 2
2
    
3 45π − 436 2 2π 2 19π 2 3
w4 = sin x − 2
sin x − 2
sin x − − 2 sin x − −
45π − 440 3(π − 8) π π −8 π 8

ŵ4 was not computed by anyone, so DIY.

Rubric: 1 mark for formula and w1 . 5 marks for w2 . 2 marks for w3 . 1 mark for w4 . 1 mark
for normalization.
The rest will be typed up later.

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