Cdi Reviewer Compilation's
Cdi Reviewer Compilation's
Cdi Reviewer Compilation's
Criminal Investigation - an art, as well as science which deals with the identity and location of the
offender then proving his guilt through criminal proceeding.
Police science - is a scientific study of the cause and effects of human action and relation.
Crime scene investigation - the conduct of processes, more particularly the recognition, search, collectio,
handling preservation and documentation of physical evidence.
Investigation - derived from the Latin word “investigatus” which means to trace or track.
- the act or process of carefully inquiry or research and systematic examination of some
scientific detail. Derive also from another Latin word “vestigium” which literally means footprint.
Formal investigation - official inquiry conducted by a government agency in an effort to uncover facts
and determining the truth.
Inquest - an effort to search the basic cause of an incident and also to describe a form of judicial inquiry.
Inquisition - historical description than a current usage to describe penetrating investigation concerning
religious issue.
Probe - similar to formal investigation but it is an extensive, searching inquiry conducted by a government
agency.
Investigative reporting - recent type of investigation conducted by the member of the press.
Jonathan Wild - London’s most effective criminal investigator and employing a thief to catch a thief.
Eugene Francois Vidocg - former convict who became a Paris investigator and introduced the “trade
protection policy” which became the forerunner of the credit card system.
Allan Pinkerton - America’s most famous private investigator, and he is also the founder of american
criminal investigation system.
Alphonse Bertillon - father of anthropometric measurement and the founder of criminal identification.
Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle - popularized scientific criminal investigation by creating the fictional detective
“sherlock holmes”.
Dr. Paul Kirk - one of the best known american criminalist.
Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine - evidence obtained as a result of an illegal operation.
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Six(6) cardinal principle of investigation
1. What 4. Where
2. How 5. When
3. Who 6. Why
Crime prevention - this is the first line defense, manned by uniformed personnel.
Criminal investigation - the second line of defense.
“Modes of Investigation”
1. Reactive responses - addresses crimes that have already occurred.
2. Proactive responses - conducted before the crime is committed.
3. Preventive responses - through deterrence is sometimes achieved by arresting the criminal and by
aggressive prosecution.
Primary purpose of criminal investigation - the establishment of facts and the removing of doubts.
Criminals bad luck - unconscious or subliminal act aiming at self-betrayal a.k.a. “vebrecherpech”.
Caution - otther items found at the crime scene may be misleading clues as part of the plan of the
perpetrators.
The Crime Scene - the place or location were the crime was alleged to have been committed or it is the
specific location of the commission of the crime.
2 kinds of reasoning
1. Deductive reasoning - reasoning from general to particular.
2. Inductive reasoning - drawing of general conclusion from particular facts.
Reconstruction - it is an effort made to determine the appearance of the place and the objects as to what
actually occurred and the circumstances of the crime.
Physical reconstruction - based of the description of the witnesses.
Mental reconstruction - conclusions can be made concerning the consistency of the accounts of the
various witnesses.
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Two(2) kinds of criminals identified by witnesses
1. Known fugitives - police records and pictures are available.
2. Unknown criminals - identification of unknown criminal by eye witnesses.
Associative evidence - pieces of physical evidence which may identify by means of clues or personal
properties.
Tracing evidence - those articles which assist the investigator in locating the suspect.
Undercover or Roping - the investigator should utilize ways and means to cover his true identity for him
to infiltrate the source.
Cover - any device utilized by person, organization to insure that one who does not have the right to know
must not be aware of the real purpose of the mission.
Cover story - biographical data through fictional which will portray the personality of the agent he
assumed. The investigator assumes another identity.
Cover support - agent assigned in target areas and to support the cover story.
Surveillance - coverts observation of person, places and things for the purpose of obtaining information.
Interview - the casual questioning of a person or persons who poses knowledge or facts.
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“General types of recording”
1. Overt transcript - recording is known by the subject.
2. Surreptitious transcript - without knowledge of the subject.
SOCO - comes from the PNP - CLS which is more support unit.
Crime Scene Investigation(CSI) - comes from the local police station.
Note taking - must be constant activity throughout the processing of the crime scene.
Command post - area which ideally located adjacent to the crime scene where the crime scene
investigation custodian stay.
Documentation - made by the crime scene investigator for purpose of future crime scene and
reconstruction.
“Methods of Search”
1. Strip search method - the area is blocked out in the form of a rectangle.
2. Double strip search or Grid method - modification of the strip search method, the rectangles
traversed first parallel to the base then parallel to the side.
3. Spiral method - searches follow each other along the path of a spiral, beginning on the outside and
spiralling-in towards the centre or vice-versa.
4. Zone search method - one searcher is assigned to each subdivision, each quadrant is cut into
another set of quadrant.
5. Wheel search method - searched to form a circular/oval.
Sketch - the simplest and the most effective way of showing actual measurement.
Sketching - is supplementary to photography.
Arrest - taking a person into custody in order that he may bound to answer for the commission of the
offense.
Raid - hostile or predatory incursion by rapidly moving police or military personnel to arrest criminal or to
search for fruits of crimes.
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“TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION”
Traffic - the movement of persons, animals and vehicles along the road for the purpose of travel.
Transportation - the conveying or movement of persons and goods from one place to another.
Nomadic - constantly migrate from one place to another according to their own detailed knowledge of
exploitable resources.
Nomad - from the Greek word means “to pasture”.
Ancient Chinese kite - was first used for transport when a korean general employed one in bridge
building.
Da vinvi’s ornithopter - made study of the flight of the birds and his notebooks sketched a number of
ornithopter(a.k.a. orthopter).
Montgolfier balloon - brothers “joseph michel and jacques entienne” of france have successfully released
several balloons when the proposed to use two condemned prisoners for the first ascent with passenger.
Pilatre de Rozier - first men to make a free balloon ascent.
Siemen’s rocket plane - made by ernst werner von siemens, designed rocket plane which propelled by the
explosive force of gunpowder.
Linbergh’s spirit of st. Louis - the first solo flight from new yourk to paris, made by captain Charles A.
Linbergh in May 1927.
Motor Vehicle - first mode of transportation to challenge the railroads. Vehicle propelled by any power
other than mascular power using the public highway.
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Traffic safety education - the process of training roads users in the avoidance and prevention of traffic
related accident.
Biorhythm - theory which asserts that man exhibits a constant variation of life energy and mood states.
“Plate Numbers”
1. Private - green with white background.
2. PUV - black with yellow background.
3. Government - red(maroon) with white background.
4. Diplomats and Consults - blue with white background.
Driver’s License - a document issued to a qualified driver who possesses the statutory qualification to
operate a motor vehicles.
International driver’s license - bonified tourist and transients who are duly licensed to operate motor
vehicles in thier respective countries maybe allowed to operate motor vehicles during thier stay but not
beyond 90 days of thier sojourn in the Philippines.
Militay driver’s license - enlisted personnel of the AFP operating motor vehicles owned by the
government shall be license in accordance with R.A. 4136 but no licensed or deliquency fees shall be
collected thereof.
Professional driver’s license - issued to a driver hired or paid for driving or operating a motor vehicles
whether private use or hire to the public.
Non-professional driver’s license - issued to owners of privately owned motor vehicles or those not for
hire.
Student driver’s permit - give to persons who desire to learn how to drive.
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Lateral placement - proper positioning of the motor vehicles while traversing on a traffic way or while on
parked.
Right of way - the legal or custody precedence (priority in place or time) which allows one vehicles to
cross or pass in front of another.
Traffic signs - most extensively used form of traffic control, any device mounted.
Pavement markings - separate opposing streams of traffic and direct vehicles into proper positions on the
roadway.
Traffic signal - installed to permit safe movement of vehicles and pedestrian at busy intersection.
Priority control - one of the oldest method of traffic control.
Restraints - as an alternative to banning traffic, traffic control planners use devices to discourage heavy
use of a route.
Traffic lights - any power operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take
some specific action.
Danger warning signs - known as “caution signs”.
Pavement markings - white and yellow or a combination of yellow and white officially set on the
roadway as separation for motor vehicles traveling in the opposite direction.
Traffic islands - areas within the roadway constructed in a manner to establish physical channels through
which vehicular traffic is guided.
Traffic supervision - keeping order on the streets and highways within existing regulations to make thier
use safe and expeditions.
Traffic Patrol - observation of road condition, behavior of drivers for the purpose of traffic supervision
and law enforcement.
Types:
1. Line patrol - moving or stationary observation at certain route.
2. Area patrol - moving patrol which included a number of street roads or section of the highway.
Accident - sequence of events which usually produces unintended injury, death or property damage.
Traffic accident - accident involving travel transportation on traffic way.
Key event - manner of occurence of a motor vehicle traffic accident.
Debris - accumulation of broken parts of vehicle rubbish, dust and other material left at the scene of
accident.
Skid marks - left on the roadway by tires which not free to rotate because brakes applied strong.
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“DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL”
Drugs - chemical substance used as medicine or in making medicines, affects the body and mind and have
potential abuse.
Two forms of drugs:
1. Natural drugs - include natural plants leaves, flowering tops, resin, hashish, opium and marijuana.
2. Synthetic drugs - produced by clandestine laboratories, includes those drugs that are controlled by
law.
Self medication syndrome - found in users or would be users of drugs whose source of information are
people or literature other than doctors, pharmacist and health workers.
Minimal dose - the smallest amount of a drug that will produce therapeutic effects.
Maximal dose - largest amount of drug that will produce a desired therapeutic effect without any
accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
Toxic dose - amount of drug that produces untowards effects.
Abusive dose - amount needed to produce the side effect and action desired by an individual
who improperly uses it.
Lethal dose - amount of drug that cause death.
“Administration of drugs”
1. Oral (oral ingestion) - drug taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being
absorbed into the bloodstream. One of the most common ways of taking drugs.
2. Inhalation - use of gaseous and volatile drugs which are inhaled and absorbed rapidly through the
mucous of the respiratory track. Second most commonly used route of drug administration.
3. Injection - drug can be administered into the body by the used of syringe and hypodermic needle.
4. Topical - application of drug directly to a body site such as skin.
5. Iontophoresis - introduction of drugs into deeper layer of the skin by the used of electric current for
local effect.
6. Snorting - inhalation through the nose of drugs not in gaseous form.
7. Buccal - administering by placing them in the buccal cabity just under the lips.
8. Suppositories - administered through the vagina or rectum.
9. Sublingual - under tongue.
10. Mucous membrane - inside the mouth and nose.
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“seven categories of drugs”
1. Herbal drugs - plants substance, have drug effect and not generally regulated by law.
2. Over the counter drugs - commercially produced drug and purchased legally without prescription.
A.K.A. propriety drug.
3. Prescription drugs - commercially produced drug and legally sold or dispensed only by a
physician’s order.
4. Unrecognized drugs - commercial product and have psychoactive drug effect and not usually
considered drugs.
5. Illicit drugs - sale, purchase or use is generally prohibitted by law.
6. Tobacco - not generally considered a drug.
7. Alcohol - most commonly abused drug in our society. King of all drugs with potential force abuse.
Fire Technology - the application of result of the basic research and of engineering principles to the
solution of practical fire protection.
Fire point - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
Oxidation - chemical reaction which oxygen chemically combines with the organic elements of the
combustible substance.
Combustion - rapid oxidation of material.
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John Walker - he was the english pharmacist who invented the first match in 1827.
Jan Van Der Heyden - a dutch who invented the fire hose in 1672.
Richard Newsham - developed the “fire engine” in 1725.
Napoleon Bonaparte - created the first professional firefighters in 1810, known as “sapeurs pompiers”
from the french army.
“fire triangle”
1. Heat - ignition temperature
2. Fuel - combustible matter(organic material, hydrocarbons)
3. Oxidizing Agent - the common oxidizing agent.
“composition of air”
1. Oxygen - 21%
2. Nitrogen - 78%
3. Inert gases - 1%
Free Radicals - combustible vapors such as hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
Flame - is the matter produced by fire. Composed of burning incandescent gases.
Pyrolysis - the chemical process whereby fire consumes the most solid part of the fuel. Thermal
decomposition of combustible matter.
Biomass - the name given to such replaceable organic matter as wood, garbage and animal manure that can
be used to produce energy.
Coal - used to heat buildings and to provide energy for industrial machinery.
Bituminous coal - most plentiful and important coal used by industry.
Anthracite - the least plentiful and hardest coal.
Peat - decayed plant matter found in swamps called bogs and used as a fuel chiefly in areas where coal and
oil are scarce.
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“liquid fuels”
1. Gasoline - used to provide energy for most motor vehicles.
2. Diesel oil - power most trains, ships and large trucks.
3. Kerosene - provides energy for jet airplanes.
Explosion - a violent effect of chemical reaction when combustion process is confined so that appreciable
pressure occurs.
Detonation - violent reaction beginning with a very simple ignition that initiates a chain reaction.
Instantaneous combustion.
Deflagration - rapid combustion or burning.
Chemical fuels - produced in solid and liquid form, create great amount of heat and power.
Nuclear fuels - provide energy through the fission or fusion of thier atoms.
Uranium - the most commonly used nuclear fuel.
Plutonium - provides nuclear energy.
“transfer of heat”
1. Conduction - physical contact between the bodies.
2. Convection - occurs when a liquid or gas is in contact with a solid body at a different temperature.
3. Radiation - transfer of heat via electromagnetic radiation, this is the principal mechanism through
which a fireplace warm a room.
Heat transfer - science dealing with the transfer of heat between bodies.
Thermal Balance - the rising movement or pattern of the fire, the normal behavior when the fire is
undisturbed.
Thermal Imbalance - the abnormal movement of fire due to interference of foreign matter.
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2. Flashover - the sudden ignition of accumulated radical gases produced when there is uncomplete
combustion of fuels.
3. Biteback - fatal condition that takes place when the fire resist extinguishment operation and
becomes stronger and bigger instead.
4. Flash fire - bitter known as dust explosion.
Carbon Monoxide(CO) - is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-irritating gas; and it is deadly even in a
small concentration.
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) - it is a colorless gas, and it smells like rotten eggs. Acute poisoning results from
breathing hydrogen sulfide in larger concentration.
Carbon dioxide(CO2) - it is a colorless and odorless gas that is formed by the complete combustion of the
carbon in burning materials.
Fire protection - the descriptive term referring to the various methods used to stop, extinguish and contral
destructive fire for eventual prevention of loss of life and property.
Fire prevention - the descriptive term of the various methods or safety measures utilized to stop harmful.
Fire hazard - any condition or act that increase or cause increase in the probability that the fire will occur
or which maybe obstruct, delay, hinder or interfere with the fire fighting operation and safeguarding life
and properties.
Ladder - a device with rungs to climb on, portable piece of equipment with rungs attached to sides made
of metal, wood and rope used for climbing up or down.
Fire engine(a.k.a. ladder truck) - fire engine equipped with extension ladders and hooked poles.
Fire extinguisher - mechanical device made of metal, containing chemical fluids or gases for stopping
fire.
Types:
1. Water fire extinguisher - used to fight class A and B fire except class C.
2. Liquified fire extinguisher - contain carbon monoxide to figth class A, B and C.
3. Dry chemical extinguisher - contain chemical powder to fight all classes.
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Water - the most effective cooling agent.
Foam - thick, viscous, light and stable material that floats on almost any liquid including water.
Fire hose - made up of double-jacketed, rubber-lined cotton in size of 1 1/2 inch, 2 1/2 inch and 3 1/2 inch.
50 feet is standard.
Explosion - sudden conversion of potential energy into kenetic energy with the protection and release of
gases under pressure.
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion(BLEVE) - is a type of mechanical explosion.
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Punctuation - the customary little marks that determine whether a sentence is clear or has a doubtful
meaning.
Organized crime - single large scale secret criminal organized which exists for financial gain involving a
number of persons in close social interaction, purpose is to secure profit and power by engaging in illegal
and even lawful activities.
Traditional organized crime - group are usually associated with the italian or sicilian mafia or la cosa
nostra.
Non-traditional organized crime - new emerging group like the chinese triads and tongs, outlaws
motorcycle gang in US, prison gangs and columbian drug cartels.
Mob - refers to organized gang or set of disciplined gangster. It has origin from the mafia, means “our
thing”
Tongs - legitimate mutual and sociaty to and chinese immigrants in the US.
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Transnational crime - crime that have actual or potential effect across national borders.
Transnational organized crime - self perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnationally
to obtain power, influence and commercial gains by illegal means.
Cybercrime - crimes performed or resorted to by abuse of electronic media with the purpose influencing
the computer.
Types:
1. Hacking/cracking - illegal intrusion into a computer system without the permission of the
computer owner.
2. Software piracy - theft of software through the illegal copying of genuine programs.
3. Online gambling - playing games of chance or betting in the hope of winning money through
the internet.
4. Pornography - the first consistently successful e-commerce product.
“justification of terrorism”
1. Propaganda through violence - directed against political figures.
2. Revolutionary terrorism - re allocation of political power because of the common interest.
3. Religious terrorism - pursuing the good and destroying the evil.
4. Separatist terrorism - using insurgency against a foreign and illegitimate power.
5. Anti-colonialist terrorism - also use insurgency against a foreign and illegitimate power.
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