Praise Be To The Lord of All Worlds: in The Name of Allah, The Merciful, The Beneficent
Praise Be To The Lord of All Worlds: in The Name of Allah, The Merciful, The Beneficent
Praise Be To The
Lord Of All Worlds
IME-365 INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
Course introduction
oMeasuring Instruments
Course description, syllabus, grading policy, lecture notes and other info will be provided via
LMS/google classroom.
In many applications, many sensors and instruments are used to collect information about the
process under investigation. These instruments are connected together using wired, optical, or
wireless networks.
Accuracy
Precision
Range
Resolution
Accuracy is the degree of conformity of the measured value with the accepted
standard or ideal value, which we can take as the true physical variable.
A conventional sensor measures physical, biological, or chemical parameters and converts these parameters into
electric signals. They require extensive external circuits and components for signal processing and display. ones.
Smart sensors have intelligence of some form and can convert a raw sensor signal into a level that makes them
much more convenient to use. They provide value-added functions, thus increasing the quality of information
rather than just passing the raw signal.
They can perform functions such as self-identification, self-testing, lookup tables, calibration curves as well as
ability to communicate with other devices. These functions are conducted by the integration of sensors with
microcontrollers or microprocessor or logic circuits in the same chip.
Smart sensors also include signal amplification, conditioning, processing, and A/D conversions. A variety of smart
sensors are manufactured with the neural network and other intelligence techniques programmed and held
onboard the chip.
These sensors are capable of assimilating a large quantity of data; hence, they are capable of taking autonomous
and appropriate actions to achieve goals in any dynamically changing environment. They are adaptable in
anticipating events and complexities of the process; therefore, sensing, learning, and self-configurations are the
key elements. Intelligent sensors appear in the marketplace as pressure sensors and accelerometers, biosensors,
chemical sensors, optical sensors, magnetic sensors, and so on. Intelligent vision systems and parallel processors–
based sensors are typical examples of such devices.