The third generation manifesto

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
THE THIRD GENERATION DATABASE SYSTEM MANIFESTO................................................................3
Third manifesto.................................................................................................................................4
Postgres – an early ORDBMS.............................................................................................................4
OBJECTIVES OF POSTGRES.................................................................................................................4
Abstract data types............................................................................................................................5
Database Relations and inheritance..................................................................................................5
Inheritance........................................................................................................................................5
SINGLE INHERITANCE.....................................................................................................................5
MULTIPLE INHERITANCE................................................................................................................6
Repeated inheritance....................................................................................................................6
Object identity...................................................................................................................................6
References.........................................................................................................................................6

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INTRODUCTION

According to Stonebraker, Rowe, Lindsay, Gray, Carey, Brodie, Bernstein, Beech (1990) in
1970 the first generation was called hierarchical and network systems. It was the first
generation system that offers large amount of database management systems functions and it
is used with a data definition and data manipulation to collect data. The examples of first
generation are IMS[DATE86] and CODASYL systems [CODA71]

In 1980 that’s when the second generation was developed to mention the current location of
relational systems, it was believed to be the step forward from the current applications on the
first generation, because non-procedural data manipulation language was not used and it was
largely supplanted by current location of relational DBMS, The examples of second
generation are DB2, NON-STOP SQL, INGRES, ORACLE and Rdb/VMS

In this research we consider the characteristics of data managers which is third generation
database systems, the third manifesto, postgres- an early ORDBMS, objectives of postgres,
abstract data types, relations and inheritance and object identity .

THE THIRD GENERATION DATABASE SYSTEM MANIFESTO

In 1989 object oriented database manifesto was implemented, It uses the CAD,CASE and
hypertext applications as examples of different kinds of DBMS.

According to Artikinson, Bancilhon, De Witt, Dittrich, Maier, Zdoaik before the third
generation database system manifesto there is first generation and second generation, then the
third generation was implemented it started in 1970

In most cases second generation does not support data processing applications. A better
database management system is required and it is used by prototyping. The third generation
was developed using 3 tenets: written by stonebaker et al

Tenet 1: DBMS will give support for better off object structures and rules

Tenet 2: The third generation must contain second generation

Tenet 3: third generation have to be open to other subsystems

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Third manifesto

The third generation is H Darwen and C Date . this was implemented to avoid independence
mismatch between RDBMS and object oriented programming language by relational model.
The objectives Of the third manifesto are in theory sound and avoiding limitations that seems
not to be on point and solving problems of data basement in the relational modelling.

Postgres – an early ORDBMS

According to Nganga (2004) Postgres was developed in UC Berkley in early 80’s. Postgres is
an open source object relational DBMS (ORDBMS). It is used to trace back its extraction in
the world of learning it was known as Postgres SQL in 1996 and AVSI SQL was added as a
compliment translator. The Postgres which is Post Ingres was implemented. Postgres was
built to extends the relational model with rules and procedures and Abstract data type.

OBJECTIVES OF POSTGRES

According to Kommineni the postgres objectives are:

1. provided that better support for complex objects: manufacturing data is more difficult
and active in assemble to the business data
2. User extensibility for data types, operators and access methods: it helps the system
being used for original application field
3. following active database and rules: most applications are mainly simply programmed
using alerter
4. Simplifying the DBMS code for crash recovery: most DBMSs contain huge amount
of crash recovery code that is complicated to write , full special cases and extremely
tricky test and debug
5. making use of new technology: a system plan with optical disks in its pecking order
and as well the procedure of multiple-processor work stations.
6. Making changes to the relational model relatively than a system that is huge and built
with a complex model

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Abstract data types

Abstract data types is defined as a set of data values and associated operations that are exactly
particular independent of any particular implementation. The data structure can simply be
accessed by defined operations. instances of Abstract Data Type are created, shattered and
used.

Database Relations and inheritance

Data in one table is related to another table, and the connection between the two is relation
the tables can be connected by using the primary key and the foreign key is used to connect
the fields in different tables there are different types of relationships: 1-M, M-M and 1-1

Inheritance

Inheritance allows single class of an objects to be defined as a special case of a more general
class

SINGLE INHERITANCE

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MULTIPLE INHERITANCE

Repeated inheritance

Object identity

Every object in database has a unique identifier. A primary key from the database point of
view. The identifier has to be defined when the object is made persistent. Using this
identifier, you can directly retrieve an object from the database. Object identifiers are used in
OODBMS

References

1. http://publib.boulder.ibm.com
2. SIGMOD RECORDS, Vol 19, No. 3, September 1990
3. http://www.25hoursaday.com

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