CHAPTER 5

Waste Segregation & Disposal Management Program

1] Discuss the strategies and guiding principles of the

ecological waste management programs that will be
implemented in school –community
2] To Discuss the Importance of Waste Segregation &
Disposal Management Program
3] To Discuss the Importance of Biodegradable, Non-
Biodegradable, and Recycle.
4] The Effects and Advantages of Waste Management
Disposal Management Program.

Purpose & Scope:

The purpose of the program is segregation of waste materials and to ensure

effective segregation from the employees and students, there must be an
information and education drive on the “why” and “how” of proper segregation,

and separate receptacles or garbage bins for the different types of waste
materials. Segregated materials are then transferred to a Common Collection
Area (CCA) where further segregation will be done. From the CCA, the garbage
collectors, recyclers, and compost processors will pick up the materials. Through
this system, it is hoped that the materials that go to the dumpsites are minimized
and limited only to the unwanted waste; moreover, it will guide the students to
be responsible in taking care of the environment.

Introduction:
The Waste Segregation & Disposal Management Program (WSDMP) provides
environmental awareness and an initiative of the College to support the
provincial government of Rizal’s advocacy on “Green and Clean Environment
“act.

It is a fact that generating waste is almost unavoidable and that it is necessary

for the public to be educated and cooperates in the implementation of the
program.
 Properly segregating and disposing of waste not only reduces the amount
of toxins that enter the atmosphere, it may even save someone's life. Not all
wastes are equal and some are so dangerous that they fall into a category all
their own: hazardous waste. It is easy to reduce all types of waste with changes

In habits, and even save some money or even provides additional income
in the process.

Purpose & Scope:

The purpose of the program is segregation of waste materials and to ensure

effective segregation from the employees and students, there must be an
information and education drive on the “why” and “how” of proper segregation,
and separate receptacles or garbage bins for the different types of waste.

Dumpsites are minimized and limited only to the unwanted waste;

moreover, it will guide the students to be responsible in taking care of the
environment.

Waste management

is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of

waste materials.[1] The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the
environment or aesthetics. Waste management is

Also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve
solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods and
fields of expertise for each.

Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for
urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers.
Management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in
metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities,
while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is
usually the responsibility of the generator.
A blue wheelie bin in Berkshire, England Waste management in Kathmandu
(Nepal)

Types of Waste Segregation

1. Biodegradable
2. Non-Biodegradable
3. Recyclable
What is Biodegradable?

Biodegradable waste

 Is a type of waste, typically originating from plant or animal sources, which

may be broken down by other living organisms. Waste that cannot
 Be broken down by other living organisms may be called non-
biodegradable.
 Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid
waste (sometimes called biodegradable municipal waste, or BMW) as
green waste, food waste, paper waste, and biodegradable plastics.
 Other biodegradable wastes include human waste, manure, sewage, slaughter
house waste.
What is Biodegrading?

 Biodegradation is the chemical breakdown of materials by

a physiological environment. The term is often used in relation
to ecology, waste
management and environmental remediation (bioremediation). Organic
material can be degraded aerobically with oxygen, or anaerobically,
without oxygen. A term related to biodegradation is biomineralisation, in
which organic matter is converted into minerals. Bio surfactant, an
extracellular surfactant secreted by microorganisms, enhances the
biodegradation process.

 Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant and

animal matter and other substances originating from living organisms, or
artificial materials that are similar enough to plant and animal matter to
be put to use by microorganisms. Some microorganisms have the
astonishing, naturally occurring, microbial catabolic diversity to degrade,
transform or accumulate a huge range of compounds

 Including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceutical
substances, radionuclides and metals. Major methodological
breakthroughs in microbial biodegradation have enabled detailed genomic,
met genomic, proteomic, bioinformatics and other high-throughput
analyses of environmentally relevant microorganisms providing
unprecedented insights into key biodegradative pathways and the ability
of microorganisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

 Products that contain biodegradable matter and non-biodegradable

matter are often marketed as biodegradable.
 Composition of Biodegradable Materials

Type of Biodegradable Waste

Kitchen Waste

These include:

- Fruit and vegetable wastes - skins, peels, seeds, leaves, roots, com cobs, etc.
- Entails, innards
- Meat and dairy products, egg shells
- Leftover food - rice, curries, prawn shells, bones and other leftover cooked
food,etc.
- Tea bags, coffee grounds

Garden or Yard Waste

- Grass clippings
- Leaves
- Weeds
- Dry leaves
- Woody materials (twigs and branches)
- Straw
- Saw dust
- Soil

Newspapers and Cardboard

-

Paper towels
- Toilet paper
- Tissue paper
- Cardboard boxes
Other Household Items

- Disposable diapers (plastic liner removed)

- Sanitary napkins (plastic liner removed)

Elements in Decomposition of Biodegradable Waste

a. Air
b. Water
c. Soil
Air

 Is essential for decomposition microorganisms to live and multiply.

Water

 Provides moisture for decomposer organisms.

In building a compost pile, you are actually building a home for these
microorganisms.
Turning and watering the compost heap provides it with air and water that
are essential for decomposer microorganisms.

Soil

 Another ingredient that is often used is soil, which is a source of

microorganisms that aids in the decomposition process.

The main decomposer microorganisms are bacteria, fungi, worms and

insects.
  Kitchen and food scraps can also be incorporated in some methods of
composting.
Mature compost exudes an earthy smell. Is often dark brown or black in
colour and feels’ crumbly and slightly moist?
The finer the materials used for composting, the faster it will mature.

Composting for organic farming is the same as discussed above but does not
include paper products (tissue paper, paper towels, soiled diapers, cardboard,
etc.) as these have been treated with chemicals during the manufacturing
process.

What is Non-Biodegradable?

Non-biodegradable is a word used to identify a product which over time nature

is unable to break down into the natural components of nature itself.

How come it is not biodegradable?

 It is not biodegradable because man has manipulated it in such a way to

create a product that is too strong to be broken down by the organisms
and natural weathering present on earth.
What are its characteristics that make them non-biodegradable?

 Characteristics of items that would make them non-biodegradable are

pretty much dependent on the chances that it would be create by nature
itself.
 For example, many plastics are UN biodegradable based on the fact that
they do not occur in nature.
 A substance or material that cannot be chemically degraded or absorbed
via natural body processes]
 Materials that are not broken down by microorganisms in the
environment; they require special banana or hylonano to be disassembled
or recycled. 5432
Environmental Tips

First: Reduce

The critical first step of waste prevention has been overshadowed by a focus on
recycling. Please help to promote a greater awareness of the importance of the
"Reduce" part of the Reduce-Reuse-Recycle mantra. For a great overview of how
raw materials and products move around the world, see the video The Story of
Stuff.

 Simplify: Simplify your life as much as possible. Only

keep belongings that you use/enjoy on a regular basis. By
making the effort to reduce what you own, you will naturally
purchase less/create less waste in the future. For information
on voluntary simplicity, check out Voluntary Simplicity
Websites. Learn more through books on voluntary simplicity.
 Reduce Purchases: In general, think before you buy any
product - do you really need it? How did the production of this
product impact the environment and what further impacts will
there be with the disposal of the product (and associated
packaging materials)? When you are thinking about buying
something, try the 30-Day Rule -- wait 30 days after the first
time you decide you want a product to really make your
decision. This will eliminate impulse buying.
  The Compact: Join or form a Compact in your area -
groups all across the globe committing for 12 months to not buy
any new products (see lower right sidebar for groups).

 Replace Disposables: Wherever possible, replace

disposable products with reusable ones (i.e., razor, food storage,
batteries, ink cartridges (buy refill ink), coffee filters, furnace or
air conditioner filters, etc.).
 Buy Used: Buy used products whenever possible. Some
sources:

 rea)

 Borrow From Friends: If you only need something

temporily, ask if a friend or neighbor would loan it to you.
 Share with Friends: Share things like books, magazines,
movies, games, and newspapers between friends and neighbors.
 Tree-Free Home: As much as possible, create a tree-free
home:
 Bulk Purchases: Avoid products that are packaged for
single use (i.e., drinks, school lunches, candy, cat and dog food,
salad mixings, etc.). Instead, buy in bulk and transfer the
products to your own reusable containers.
 Many health food stores have bulk bins where they sell
everything from grains to cereal to cleaning products. For
additional ideas, read the Recycling information page.
 Buy Only What You Need: Buy only as much as you
know you'll use for items such as food, cleaning supplies, and
paint.
 Avoid Creating Trash: Avoid creating trash wherever
possible: when ordering food, avoid receiving any unnecessary
plastic utensils, straws, etc. (ask in advance), buy ice cream in
a cone instead of a cup, don't accept "free" promotional
products, buy products with the least amount of packaging, etc.
Every little bit of trash avoided does make a difference!
 Junk Mail: For ideas on how to reduce junk mail, check
out:
o Reduce Personal and Business Junk Mail
o Do-it-yourself: Stop junk mail, email and phone
calls
o How to Get Rid of Junk Mail, Spam, and
Telemarketers
o Opt-Out
 Waste-Free Lunches: Pack a Waste-Free Lunch
whenever possible.
 Mug-to-Go: Carry a mug with you wherever you go for
takeout beverages.
 Address Early Consumption Habits: New American
Dream offers tips for protecting your children from intrusive and
harmful advertising that promotes mindless consumption.
 Encourage Hotels to Reduce Waste: When staying at a
hotel, motel, or bed and breakfast let the management know
that you like to support businesses that adopt environmentally
responsible practices (including reducing waste).
  Print out and drop off the Sustainable Solutions for
Green Hotels environmental tips list. To locate environmentally
friendly hotels, search on the Internet under "ecotourism"
and/or visit Green Hotels Association.

Second: Reuse

The media has done a wonderful job of selling us on the attractiveness and
benefits of buying "new", "improved", "special", etc. products. However, we
already collectively own so much that we could all survive for quite a while on
the existing products - if we just reused them a few times!

 Garage Sales: Shop at and hold garage sales - this is a

great way to reuse products.
 Reusable: Switch from disposable to reusable products:
food and beverage containers, cups, plates, writing pens, razors,
diapers, towels, shopping bags, etc

______________________________________________________________

 Freecycle: The Freecycle Network provides an online

community tool for giving and receiving free stuff.
 Share: thing loop facilitates sharing our belongings with
each other.
Throw place: Throwplace.com lets you list items online that you
would like to give to nonprofit organizations, businesses, or
individuals.

 Community Swap: Organize a community swap program

(i.e., designate a place where people can leave unwanted items
for others to use).
 Packing Peanuts: Drop off at a local packing, shipping or
moving store.
 Wash and Reuse Plastic Bags: With either a wooden bag
dryer or in the washing machine.
 Buy Durables: Buy products that will last and take care
of them.
 Teach Thrift: Teach your children the value of being
thrifty (the wise economy in the management of money and
other resources; frugality).
 Frugal Printing: Use both sides of each piece of paper --
for note taking or printing documents from your computer (at
 Home or work). Create note pads by stapling together
once-used paper.
 Kitchen Reusable: Instead of buying these items new,
save and reuse all: paper bags, rubber bands, twistiness, boxes,
and packaging material. Reuse your plastic bags with a handy
bag dryer.
 Library: Pick up books from your local library or used
book store. The library is also many times a great place for
finding magazines, CDs, books-on-tape, and videos.
 Share with Neighbors: Join in with neighbors to
purchase infrequently used products such as lawn mowers,
ladders, etc.
 Refurbished Computers: Buy refurbished computers for
less
  Rechargeable Batteries: Purchase rechargeable
batteries and a battery recharger (some battery rechargers will
also recharge regular alkaline batteries). Solar powered battery
rechargers are available online.
 College Reuse: Dump and Run is a nonprofit
organization that organizes the collection of college students'
castoff items in the spring, so they can be sold to incoming
students in the fall. The proceeds are then donated to
nonprofits.

Third: Recycle

Recycle – is the process of taking a product at the end of its useful

life and using all or part of it to make another product.
Recyclable Waste – it is a recyclable material refer to any waste
material retrieved from the waste stream and free from contamination that can
still be converted into a suitable beneficial use.

 Recycle Bins: Create designated holding "bins" for each

type of recycled product and place in convenient locations in
your home/garag
Recycling Fact Sheet: Create a local recycling fact sheet for yourself and
interested neighbors. The local Yellow Pages, Internet Consumer Recycling
Guide and Recycling Resources are great resources. Find out where you can
recycle:

o glass
o paper products
o plastic grocery bags (better yet - use cloth bags)
oplastic - including 1 - 7 identification codes
o aluminum
o cardboard
o tin cans
o scrap metal
o motor oil (one quart of oil can kill fish in
thousands of gallons of water)
o ink cartridges
o household appliances such as refrigerators
 Recycled Content: Ask your local retailers to stock more
products made from recycled materials and buy products made
from the highest recycled content whenever possible.
 Green Paper: In general, try to buy products/containers
made from recycled material as often as possible to support the
recycled product market. When purchasing paper products
(toilet paper, etc.,), look for paper that has been recycled using

a minimum of 50% post-consumer waste. Also, purchase from

companies that do not use chlorine to bleach their paper
products (which creates dioxin waste).
 Natural Fertilizer: Leave grass clippings on the lawn as
fertilizer.

 Composting: Start a compost pile with yard trimmings

and food scraps. Learn more at Wikipedia's Compost page.

 Pack-it-Out: If you are traveling and no recycle bins are

available, pack your recyclables home with you whenever
possible.

 Eco-Friendly Burials: For the ultimate in recycling,

check out the growing movement in eco-friendly burials and
conservation burial.

 Recycled Gold: If you are shopping for wedding rings or

other jewelry consider buying recycled gold jewelry and
synthetic diamonds and gemstones.

 Hazardous Waste: The other key aspect of dealing with

waste effectively is to dispose of toxic products at a hazardous
waste facility. Products requiring special handling include:
 CHAPTER WEB VIDEO
LINK

1. https://youtu.be/wetdyfTQVyg
2. https://youtu.be/4JDGFNoY-rQ
3. https://youtu.be/jsYmorct2H4
4. https://youtu.be/O5nugnN7fkk
5. https://youtu.be/XiRfrRsOkqg
1]Sonia Gasilla-De La Cruz ,
National Service Training
Program (CWTS & ROTC )