NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)

5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Basic
Worksheet 2.1 Tangents to a Circle and their NF
Properties
(Refer to Book 5A Ch2 p. 2.3 – 2.15)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
(a) If PQ is the tangent to the circle at T, (b) If PQ  OT , then PQ is the tangent to
then PQ  OT . the circle at T.
(tangent  radius) (converse of tangent  radius)

64°

x
T
Note: The perpendicular to a tangent PQ at its point of contact T A

passes through the centre O of the circle.

( to tangent at its point of contact passes through centre)

(In this worksheet, unless otherwise specified, O is the centre of a circle.)

In each of the following figures, TA is the tangent to the circle at A. Find x. (1 – 4)
2.

Solution

1.

Solution
∵ OAT 90 ( )
∴ ( )+( ) = 90°

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

3.
4.

Solution OBT is a straight line.

Solution

In each of the following figures, TA is the tangent to the circle at A. Find x and y. (5 – 8)
5. 6. C

B D 33°
COA is a straight
O line. B
BOA is a straight
y line.
C
Solution
Solution y x
O
T A
x
60°
T
A

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

8.

x
O
7. y
78°
B
T
A

Solution DOB is a straight line.

Solution

In each of the following figures, Q is a point on the circle. Determine whether PQ is the tangent to
the circle at Q. Explain your answer. (9 – 10)
10.

O
M is the mid-point of AB and OMQ is a straight line.
M
Solution
A B
9.
Q P

BOQ is a straight line.

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

11. In the figure, PQ is the tangent to the circle at A. CA  PQ and

C
BCA 34 .
34°
(a) Is CA a diameter of the circle? Explain your answer.
B
(b) Find ∠CAB.

Solution P
A
Q

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Enhanced
Worksheet 2.1 Tangents to a Circle and their NF
Properties
(Refer to Book 5A Ch2 p. 2.3 – 2.15)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
(a) If PQ is the tangent to the circle at T, (b) If PQ  OT , then PQ is the tangent to
then PQ  OT . the circle at T.
(tangent  radius) (converse of tangent  radius)

Note: The perpendicular to a tangent PQ at its point of contact T

passes through the centre O of the circle.
( to tangent at its point of contact passes through centre)

(In this worksheet, unless otherwise specified, O is the centre of a circle.)

In each of the following figures, TA is the tangent to the circle at A. Find the unknown(s). (1 – 6)
2.

A
T
1. y

63° 94°
O
C
x

BOA and BCT are straight lines. B

Solution
AOB and BCT are straight lines.

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

4.

50°

3.

TB is the tangent to the circle at B.

Solution
CD is a diameter of the circle.

Solution

6.

5.
C
x
CBT is a straight line. O
Solution
66° y
A T

COT is a straight line.

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

7. In the figure, AB is the tangent to the circle at C and BO⊥OA.

(a) Show that △BOA ~ △BCO.
(b) If OA = 8 cm and OB = 6 cm, find the radius of the circle.
Solution
(a) (b)

8. In the figure, CP is a diameter of the circle and intersects AB at M. C

OB is produced to Q. It is given that CP⊥AB, AB = 6 cm and

CM = 9 cm. O

(a) Find the radius of the circle. M

B
A
[Hint: Let r cm be the radius. Then, express OM in terms of r.] P Q

(b) Furthermore, if BQ = 8 cm and PQ = 12 cm, is PQ the tangent

to the circle at P? Explain your answer.
Solution
(a) (b)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

9. The figure shows two concentric circles. AB is the tangent to the smaller
circle at E. It is given that AE = 6 cm and CD = 12 cm.
(a) Show that AB = CD.
(b) Hence, determine whether CD is a tangent to the smaller circle.
Explain your answer.
Solution
(a) (b)

10. In the figure, TA is the tangent to the circle at A. M is the mid-point C T

D
of AB. MT cuts the circle at D and intersects AC at E. It is given x
y 50°
E
that BA  TA , ∠ATM = 50° and ∠ABC = 58°. 58°
B M A
(a) Is AB a diameter of the circle? Explain your answer.
(b) Hence, find x and y.
Solution
(a) (b)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Basic
Worksheet 2.2 Tangents from an External Point NF

(Refer to Book 5A Ch2 p. 2.16 – 2.25)

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
If two tangents, TP and TQ, are drawn to a circle from an external
point T and touch the circle at P and Q respectively, then
(i) TP TQ ,
(ii) POT QOT ,
(iii) PTO QTO .
(tangent properties)

(In this worksheet, unless otherwise specified, O is the centre of a circle.)

In each of the following figures, TA and TB are tangents to the circle at A and B respectively. Find x
and y. (1 – 4)
1.

y O 20°
x T
70°
2.

A
TBC is a straight line.

Solution
Solution
∵ TB = TA ( )
∠OTA = ∠( ) ( )
∴ ∠TBA = ∠TAB ( )
=
=

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

4.
3.

Solution Solution

In each of the following figures, TA and TB are tangents to the circle at A and B respectively. Find x
and y. (5 – 6)
6.

y
5.
A
O x

58°
B T
Solution
COB is a straight line.

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

7. In the figure, PQ, QS and ST are tangents to the circle at P, R and T

respectively. POT is a straight line. Given that PQ = 3 cm, ST = 4 cm
and the perimeter of PQST is 21 cm, find the radius of the circle.
Solution

8. In the figure, TA and TB are tangents to the circle at A and B

respectively. Given that the radius of the circle is 1 cm and
∠OTB = 50°.
(a) Find ∠AOB.
(b) Hence, find the area of the sector OACB in terms of π.
Solution
(a)

(b)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Enhanced
Worksheet 2.2 Tangents from an External Point NF

(Refer to Book 5A Ch2 p. 2.16 – 2.25)

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
If two tangents, TP and TQ, are drawn to a circle from an external
point T and touch the circle at P and Q respectively, then
(i) TP TQ ,
(ii) POT QOT ,
(iii) PTO QTO .
(tangent properties)

(In this worksheet, unless otherwise specified, O is the centre of a circle.)

In each of the following figures, TA and TB are tangents to the circle at A and B respectively. Find x
and y. (1  2)
1.

A
C
68°

44° T
y x

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

2.

A
T 16°
C

y x D
B

TCOD is a straight line.

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

3. In the figure, AB and BE are tangents to the circle at A and C

respectively. AOD is a straight line and ∠ABO = 30°.
(a) Find ∠COD.
(b) Show that BO // CD.
Solution
(a) (b)

4. In the figure, a circle is inscribed in △ABC and ∠AOC = 115°.

(a) Find the value of ∠BAC + ∠BCA.
[Hint: Find the value of ∠OAC + ∠OCA first.]
(b) Hence, find ∠OBC.
Solution
(a) (b)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

5. The figure shows the inscribed circle of △ABC. APO, BQO and CRO are straight lines.
ABO = 25 and BAO = 35. Find

(b)

(a) ACR.

PQ : QR : RP .
Solution
(a) (b)

6. In the figure, AB, BC and CA are tangents to the circle at D, E

and F respectively. AB = 15 cm, BC = 18 cm and AC = 10 cm.
Let BD = x cm.
(a) Express the lengths of AF and EC in terms of x.
(b) Hence, find x.
Solution
(a) (b)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

7. In the figure, FA, FD and DB are tangents to the circle at A, E and

B respectively. C is a point on DB such that FC // AB. FA = 2 cm
and DB = 6 cm. Find
(a) the length of FD,
(b) the radius of the circle. (Leave your answer in surd form.)
[Hint: Find the length of FC first.]
Solution
(a) (b)

8. In the figure, OPQR is a square and OPTR is a quarter of the circle.

A and B lie on PQ and QR respectively. PQ, AB and QR are tangents
to the circle at P, T and R respectively. It is given that OP = 6 cm and
AP = 2 cm. Find
(a) the length of BR,
[Hint: Consider △AQB.]
(b) the area of the shaded region. (Give your answer in terms of  . )
Solution
(a) (b)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Basic
Worksheet 2.3 Angles in the Alternate Segment NF

(Refer to Book 5A Ch2 p. 2.25 – 2.38)

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
(a) A tangent-chord angle of a circle is equal to an angle in the alternate segment.

(i) (ii)

ATQ ABT ATP ACT

(∠ in alt. segment)

(b) If TP is a straight line such that ATP ABT ,

then TP is the tangent to the circle at T.
(converse of ∠ in alt. segment)

In each of the following figures, TB is the tangent to the circle at A. Find x and y. (1 – 2)

1.
2.

PQ is the tangent to the circle at D.

Solution Solution
∠D = ∠( ) ( )
x=( )

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

In each of the following figures, TB is the tangent to the circle at A. Find x and y. (3 – 6)

3.

PRA is a diameter of the circle.

Solution

5.

y
C T
D

x A
30°
E 100°

TD is the tangent to the circle at C.

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

4.

6.

DC is a diameter of the circle.

Solution

Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

In each of the following figures, determine whether PT is the tangent to the circle at T. Explain your
answers. (7 – 8)
7. 8.

D
B
B
100°
34°

112° A
28° C
P
T
P
T
52°

Solution
ABD is a straight line.

Solution

9. In the figure, TP is the tangent to the circle at A. ∠ATB = 48° P

and ∠BAT = 66°. Is TB the tangent to the circle at B? Explain

your answer. A

Solution C
66°

48°
T
B

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Enhanced
Worksheet 2.3 Angles in the Alternate Segment NF

(Refer to Book 5A Ch2 p. 2.25 – 2.38)

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
(a) A tangent-chord angle of a circle is equal to an angle in the alternate segment.

(i) (ii)

ATQ ABT ATP ACT

(∠ in alt. segment)

(b) If TP is a straight line such that ATP ABT ,

then TP is the tangent to the circle at T.
(converse of ∠ in alt. segment)

(In this worksheet, unless otherwise specified, O is the centre of a circle.)

NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

In each of the following figures, AB is the tangent to the circle at T. Find the unknown(s). (1  4)
1. 2.

R
D

y
x E
y
37°
C 48°
E D
A B x
25° T
T

CR is the tangent to the circle at C.

Solution
Solution

4.

T 24°
A B

3. P x S

C
73°
Solution Q
D

CD is the tangent to the circle at Q.

Solution
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

5. In the figure, UR is a diameter of the circle, while PQ is the tangent to

the circle at T. ∠SUR = 50° and US // PQ.
(a) Express ∠PTU and ∠R in terms of x.
(b) Hence, find x.
Solution
(a) (b)

6. In the figure, AB is the tangent to the circle at P. If


PR : RQ : QP 3 : 2 : 4 , find APR and BPQ.
Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

7. In the figure, AB is a diameter of the circle. BCT is a straight line and

BAC = ATC.
(a) Show that △ABC ~ △TAC.
(b) Hence, show that TA is the tangent to the circle at A.
Solution
(a) (b)

8. In the figure,
 
CD  DT
, CB // AT and ∠CBT = 60°. If BD is a

diameter of the circle, is AT the tangent to the circle at T? Explain your

answer.
Solution

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Answers

2 Tangents to a Circles Basic Worksheet 2.3

Basic Worksheet 2.1 1. x = 58, y = 64 2. x = 53, y = 60

1. 18 2. 26 3. x = 71, y = 19 4. x = 40, y = 45

3. 48 4. 15 5. x = 50, y = 120 6. x = 45, y = 45

5. x = 30, y = 60 6. x = 33, y = 57 7. yes 8. yes

7. x = 30, y = 60 8. x = 12, y = 24 9 yes

9 yes 10. yes Enhanced Worksheet 2.3

11. (a) yes (b) 56 1. x = 25, y = 50 2. x = 37, y = 58
3. x = 32, y = 78 4. 97
Enhanced Worksheet 2.1 5. (a) PTU 50  x ,
1. x = 21, y = 42 2. x = 47, y = 43 R 90  x (or 50  x )
3. 58 4. x = 40, y = 10
(b) 20
5. x = 41, y = 88 6. x = 24, y = 42
6. APR 60 , BPQ 80
7. (b) 4.8 cm
8. yes
8. (a) 5 cm (b) yes
9. (b) yes
10. (a) yes (b) x = 20, y = 52

Basic Worksheet 2.2

1. x = 20, y = 220 2. x = 66, y = 114
3. x = 6, y = 20 4. x = 55, y = 35
5. x = 88, y = 44 6. x = 61, y = 61
7. 3.5 cm
7
8. (a) 80 (b) π cm 2
9

Enhanced Worksheet 2.2

1. x = 68, y = 44 2. x = 106, y = 37
3. (a) 60
4 (a) 130 (b) 25
5 (a) 30 (b) 24 : 25 : 23
6. (a) AF (15  x ) cm , EC (18  x ) cm
(b) 11.5
7. (a) 8 cm (b) 12 cm (or 2 3 cm )

8. (a) 3 cm (b) (30  9π ) cm 2

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

Solutions
2 Tangents to Circles BAD  BCD 180
7. ( x  50 )  100 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
Basic Worksheet 2.1 x 30
1. ∵ OAT 90 (tangent  radius) OAT 90
(tangent  radius)
∴ 2 x  3 x 90 y  30 90
x 18 y 60

2. OAT 90 (tangent  radius)

In △OAT,
OTA  OAT  AOT 180
( sum of
x  90  64 180
x  26
△)

OAT 90
3. (tangent  radius)
OAB  42 90
OAB 48
∵ OB OA (radii)
∴ OBA OAB (base s, isos. △)
x 48

4. OAT 90 (tangent  radius)

OB OA 8 cm (radii)
In △OAT,
OT 2 OA 2  AT 2

AT  OT 2  OA 2
(Pyth. theorem)
x  (8  9) 2  8 2

 17 2  8 2
15

BAT 90
5. x  60 90 (tangent  radius)
x 30
∠ACB = 90° ( in semi-circle)
In △ABC,
ABC  BAC  ACB 180
y  30  90 180 ( sum of △)
y 60

6. CAD CBD (s in the same segment)

x 33
CAT 90
(tangent  radius)
y  33 90
y 57

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

OAT 90 Enhanced Worksheet 2.1

8. (tangent  radius) 1. BAT = 90 (tangent  radius)
OAD  78 90
In △ABT,
OAD 12
ABT  BAT  ATB 180
∵ OD = OA (radii) ( sum of
∴ ∠ODA = ∠OAD (base s, isos. △) x  90  69 180
x = 12 x  21
AOB 2 x △)
( at centre twice  at ☉ )
y 2 12 ce
In △OBC,
24
BOC  OBC OCT
(ext.  of △)
y  21 63
9. ∵ OQ = OB (radii)
y 42
1
OQ  BQ
2 AOC
∴ ABC 
1 2
 15 cm
2 2. 94 ( at centre twice  at
x
7.5 cm 2
∵ OA = OQ = 7.5 cm (radii) 47
∴ OP = (7.5 + 5) cm
= 12.5 cm ☉ )
ce
2 2 2 2
OP 12.5 cm 156.25 cm BAT = 90 (tangent  radius)
OQ 2  QP 2  (7.5 2  10 2 ) cm 2 In △ABT,
ATB  ABT  BAT 180
156.25 cm 2 (
2 2 2
y  47  90 180
∵ OP OQ  QP
y 43
∴ OQ  QP (converse of Pyth. theorem)
sum of △)
∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at Q.
(converse of tangent  radius)
3. A B 90 (tangent  radius)
10. ∵ AM = BM (given) In quadrilateral OATB,
∴ OM ⊥ AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord
 chord) T  B  AOB  A (4  2) 180 ( sum of polyg
i.e. ∠OMB = 90°
∠OQP = ∠OMB (corr. s, AB // QP) x  90  122  90 360
= 90° x 58
∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at Q.
(converse of tangent  radius) CAD 90
4. x  50 90 ( in semi-circle)
11. (a) ∵ PQ is the tangent to the circle at A and
x 40
CA  PQ .
∴ CA passes through the centre. ∵ OC = OA (radii)
( to tangent at its point of contact passes ∴ ∠OCA = ∠OAC (base s, isos. △)
through centre) = 40°
i.e. CA is a diameter of the circle. CAB OCA (alt. s, BA // CO)

(b) ∠ABC = 90° ( in semi-circle)

40
In △ABC, OAT 90
CAB  ABC  BCA 180 BAT  CAB  OAC 90
CAB  90  34 180 y  40  40 90
CAB 56 y 10
( sum of △) (tangent  radius)

5. ∵ OB = OA (radii)
∴ OBA = OAB (base s, isos. △)
In △AOB,
OAB  OBA  AOB 180 ( sum of
2OAB  82 180
OAB 49
△)

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

OAT 90 6. Join OA.

(tangent  radius)
x  49 90
x  41
In △ABT, C
ABT  BAT  BTA 180 ( x
ABT  41  51 180 O

ABT 88
sum of △)
66° y
T
A
ADC ABT (ext. , cyclic quad.)
y 88 OAC  66 90 (tangent  radius)
OAC  24
∵ OC OA (radii)
∴ OCA OAC (base s, isos. △)
x  24
In △ACT,
ATC  ACT 66
(ext.  of △)
y  24 66
y  42

7. (a) Consider △BOA and △BCO.

B B
BOA 90
BCO 90
common angle
given
tangent  radius
∴ BOA = BCO
∴ △BOA ~ △BCO AAA
(b) In △OAB,
BA2 OB 2  OA2
BA  OB 2  OA2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2
 6  8 cm
10 cm
∵ △BOA ~ △BCO (proved in (a))
OA BA

CO BO
∴ (corr. sides, ~ △s)
8 cm 10

CO 6
CO 4.8 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 4.8 cm.

8. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the circle.

OC = OB = r cm (radii)
OM = CM  OC
= (9  r) cm
∵ CP  AB (given)
∴ AM = BM (line from centre  chord bisects
1 chord)
AB
2
∴ BM
1
 6 cm
2
3 cm
In △OBM,

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

OB 2 OM 2  BM 2 (b) ∵ OB = 5 cm (radius)

∴ OQ = OB + BQ
r 2 (9  r ) 2  3 2 (Pyth. theorem) = (5 + 8) cm
r 2 81  18r  r 2  9 = 13 cm
OQ2 = 132 cm2 = 169 cm2
18r 90 ∵ OP = 5 cm (radius)
r 5 ∴ OP2 + PQ2 = (52 + 122) cm2
∴ The radius of the circle is 5 cm. = 169 cm2
∵ OQ = OP + PQ2
2 2

∴ OP  PQ (converse of Pyth. theorem)

∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at P.
(converse of tangent  radius)

9. (a) ∵ OE  AB tangent  radius

∴ AE = BE line from centre 
chord bisects chord
AB 2 AE
∴
2 6 cm
12 cm
∴ AB = CD
(b) ∵ CD = AB and OE  AB (proved in (a))
∴ Distance of CD from O (equal chords, equidistant
= OE from centre)
= radius of the smaller circle
∴ CD and the smaller circle should intersect at only
one point.
∴ CD is a tangent to the smaller circle.

10. (a) ∵ TA is the tangent to the circle at A and

∠BAT = 90°.
∴ AB passes through the centre of the circle.
(⊥ to tangent at its point of contact passes
through centre)
i.e. AB is a diameter of the circle.
(b) ∵ M is the mid-point of the diameter AB.
∴ M is the centre of the circle.
In △ATM,
AMT  ATM  MAT 180
AMT  50  90 180
AMT 40
( sum of △)

AMD
ACD 
2 ( at centre twice 
40
x
2
20
at ☉ )
ce

BCA = 90 ( in semi-circle)

BME  AME 180 (adj. s on st.
BME  40 180
BME 140
line)

In quadrilateral BCDM,

CDM  BMD  CBM  BCD ( 4  2) 180

( sum of polygon)

26
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

y  140  58  (90  20 ) 360 Basic Worksheet 2.2

y 52 1. OTA OTB (tangent properties)
x  20
BOT AOT (tangent properties)
70
ReflexAOB  AOT  BOT 360
(s
y  70  70 360
y  220
at a pt.)

2. ∵ TB = TA (tangent properties)
∴ TBA TAB (base s, isos. △)
x
In △ABT,
TAB  TBA  ATB 180
( sum of △)
x  x  48 180
x 66
ABC 180  TBA
(adj. s on st.
y 180  66
114 
line)

3. TA TB (tangent properties)

x 8
TBA TAB (base s, isos. △)
70
OBT 90
(tangent  radius)
y  70 90
y  20

4. BOT AOT (tangent properties)

x 55
OBT 90 (tangent  radius)
In △OBT,
OTB  OBT  BOT 180
( sum of △)
y  90  55 180
y 35

5. OAT 90 (tangent  radius)

In △AOT,
AOT  OAT  ATO 180 ( sum of △)

AOT  90  46 180
AOT 44
∵ BOT AOT 44 (tangent properties)
∴ x 2 44
88
AOB
ACB 
2 ( at centre twice  at ☉ )
88 ce
y
2
 44

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

6. ∵ TB = TA (tangent properties)
∴ ∠TBA = ∠TAB (base s, isos. △)
=x
In △ABT,
TAB  TBA  ATB 180
x  x  58 180 ( sum of
2 x 122
x 61
△)

CBT 90 (tangent  radius)

ABC  61 90
ABC  29
BAC 90 ( in semi-circle)
In △ABC,
BCA  ABC  BAC 180
( sum of
y  29  90 180
y  61
△)

7. QR = PQ = 3 cm (tangent properties)
SR = ST = 4 cm (tangent properties)
Let OP = OT = r cm.
∵ Perimeter of PQST = 21 cm
∴ PQ + QS + ST + TP = 21 cm
3 + (3 + 4) + 4 + (r + r) = 21
r = 3.5
∴ The radius of the circle is 3.5 cm.

8. (a) OBT 90 (tangent  radius)

In △OBT,
BOT  OBT  OTB 180 (
BOT  90  50 180
BOT  40
sum of △)

∵ AOT BOT  40 (tangent

properties)
∴ AOB  2 40
80

(b) Reflex AOB 360  80 (s at a pt.)

 280
280
  12 cm 2
Area of sector OACB 360 
7
  cm 2
9

Enhanced Worksheet 2.2

1. ∵ TA = TB (tangent properties)
∴ ∠TAB = ∠TBA (base s, isos. △)
=x
In △ABT,

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
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TBA  TAB  ATB 180 BTO ATO

2. (tangent properties)
x  x  44 180 ( 16
2 x 136 OBT 90 (tangent  radius)
x 68 In △OBT,
BOD BTO  OBT
sum of △) (ext.  of △)
x 16  90
ACB  CBT 180 106
(int. s, CA // BT)
68  ( y  68 ) 180 ∵ OC = OB (radii)
y 44 ∴ ∠OCB = ∠OBC (base s, isos. △)
In △OBC,
OBC  OCB BOD (ext. of △)

2OBC 106
OBC 53
OBT 90
(tangent  radius)
y  53 90
y 37

3. (a) OAB = 90 (tangent  radius)

In △OAB,
AOB + OAB + ABO = 180 ( sum of △)
AOB  90  30 180
AOB 60
BOC  AOB (tangent properties)
 60
COD  BOC  AOB 180
(adj.
COD  60  60 180
COD 60
s on st. line)

(b) ∵ OD = OC radii
∴ ODC = OCD base s, isos. △
In △COD,
ODC  OCD  COD 180

2OCD  60 180
OCD 60
sum of △

∵ BOC = OCD
∴ BO // CD alt. s equal

4. (a) In △AOC,
OAC  OCA  AOC 180 ( sum
OAC  OCA 180  115 
65
of △)

OAB = OAC (tangent properties)

OCB = OCA (tangent properties)
BAC  BCA 2OAC  2OCA
2(OAC  OCA)
2 65
130

(b) OBA = OBC (tangent properties)

In △ABC,

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

ABC  BAC  BCA 180 5. (a) CAO BAO (tangent properties)

ABC  130 180 ( 35
2OBC 50 CBO ABO (tangent properties)
OBC  25 25
sum of △) BCR ACR (tangent properties)
In △ABC,
ACB  BAC  ABC 180
2ACR  2(35 )  2( 25 ) 180
ACR 30
( sum of △)

(b) In △AOB,
AOB  OAB  OBA 180 (
AOB  35  25 180
AOB 120
sum of △)

In △AOC,
AOC  OAC  OCA 180 (

AOC  35  30 180
AOC 115 
sum of △)

QOR  POR  POQ 360 ( s at


QOR  115   120 360
QOR 125
a pt.)

 
PQ : QR : RP  POQ : QOR : POR
(arcs prop. to
s at centre)

120 : 125 : 115

 24 : 25 : 23

6. (a) AD  AB  BD
(15  x) cm
AF  AD (tangent properties)
(15  x ) cm

BE  BD (tangent properties)
 x cm
EC BC  BE
(18  x ) cm

(b) FC EC (tangent properties)

(18  x) cm
AC  AF  FC
10 (15  x )  (18  x )
2 x 23
x 11 .5

7. (a) FE FA (tangent properties)

2 cm

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

DE DB (tangent properties) (b) ∠ABC = 90° (tangent  radius)

∠BCF = 180°  90° (int. s, FC // AB)
6 cm
= 90°
FD  FE  DE ∠FAB = 90° (tangent  radius)
( 2  6) cm ∠AFC = 180°  90° (int. s, FC // AB)
8 cm = 90°
∴ ABCF is a rectangle.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
FC  AB (prop. of rectangle)
2r cm
CB FA (prop. of rectangle)
2 cm
DC = DB  CB
= (6 – 2) cm
= 4 cm
∠FCD = ∠ABC = 90° (corr. s, FC // AB)
In △CDF,
FD 2 FC 2  DC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 2 2
8 ( 2r ) 4
2
64 4r  16
r  12 or  12 (rejected)
∴ The radius of the circle is  12 cm (or
2 3 cm ).

8. (a) Let BR = x cm.

BT  BR (tangent properties)
 x cm
AT AP (tangent properties)
2 cm
∴ AB  AT  BT
(2  x) cm
QR  PQ  OP (prop. of square)
 6 cm
AQ  PQ  AP
∴
(6  2) cm
4 cm
BQ QR  BR
(6  x) cm
Q = 90 (prop. of square)
In △AQB,
AB 2  AQ 2  BQ 2
( 2  x ) 2  4 2  (6  x ) 2 (Pyth.
4  4 x  x 2 16  36  12 x  x 2
16 x  48
x 3
theorem)

∴ BR 3 cm

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
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(b) BQ = (6  3) cm = 3 cm
1
 BQ AQ
2
Area of △AQB
1
 3 4 cm 2
2
6 cm 2
90 2 2
Area of sector POR  360  (6) cm

9 cm 2
2
Area of square PQRO 6 6 cm
36 cm 2
∴ Area of the shaded region

(36  6  9 ) cm 2
(30  9 ) cm 2

Basic Worksheet 2.3

1. D CAB ( in alt. segment)
x 58
∵ CA CD (given)
∴ DAC  x (base s, isos. △)
58
TAD  DAC  CAB 180
(adj. s on
y  58  58 180
y 64
st. line)

2. DAC CDQ ( in alt. segment)

x 53
In △ACD,
ADC  DAC  ACD 180 ( sum of

ADC  53  67 180
ADC 60
△)

BAC ADC ( in alt. segment)

y 60

3. ∠QPA = ∠QAT ( in alt. segment)

= 38°
∵ PR  PQ (given)
∴ PRQ PQR (base s, isos. △)
x
In △PQR,
PQR  PRQ  QPR 180
( sum of
x  x  38 180
x 71
△)

PQA 90
( in semi-circle)
y  71 90
y 19

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

4. EAT ACE ( in alt. segment) TAC AEC ( in alt. segment)

5. 
x  40 30
CAE  CDE 180 TAC  CAE  EAB 180
(opp. s, cyclic (adj. s on
CAE  85 180 30  x  100 180
CAE 95 x 50
quad.) st. line)

BAC  CAE  EAT 180 ∵ TC TA (tangent properties)

(adj. s on
y  95  40 180 TCA TAC (base s, isos. △)
∴ 
y  45 30
st. line) In △ACT,
ATC  TAC  TCA 180
(
y  30  30 180
y 120
sum of △)

6. DAC 90 ( in semi-circle)

ACD DAT ( in alt. segment)
x y
ADC DAT (alt. s, DC // TA)
y
In △ACD,
ACD  DAC  ADC 180
( sum of
y  90  y 180
y 45
△)

∴ x 45

7. ∵ AT  AB (given)
∴ ATB ABT (base s, isos. △)

34
In △ABT,
BAT  ATB  ABT 180 (
BAT  34  34 180
BAT 112 
sum of △)

∵ BTP BAT
∴ PT is the tangent to the circle at T.
(converse of  in alt. segment)

8. ATC CBD (ext. , cyclic quad.)

100
In △ACT,
ACT  ATC  CAT 180 ( sum of
ACT  100  28 180
ACT 52
△)

∵ ATP ACT
∴ PT is the tangent to the circle at T.
(converse of  in alt. segment)

9. In △ABT,

33
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

ABT  BAT  BTA 180 ( Enhanced Worksheet 2.3

ABT  66  48 180 1. CDT CTA ( in alt. segment)

ABT 66 x 25
sum of △) ∵ CT = CD (given)
∴ ∠CTD = ∠CDT (base s, isos. △)
ACB BAT ( in alt. segment) = 25°
In △CDT,
66
DCT  CTD  CDT 180 ( sum of
∵ ABT ACB 
∴ TB is the tangent to the circle at B. DCT  25  25 180
(converse of  in alt. segment) DCT 130
△)

DET  DCT 180

(opp. s, cyclic
y  130 180
y 50
quad.)

2. DTB DCT ( in alt. segment)

x 37
EDT DTB (alt. s, ED // AB)
37
In △CDT,
CTD  CDT  DCT 180 ( sum of

CTD  ( 48  37 )  37 180
CTD 58
△)

RCD CTD ( in alt. segment)

y 58

DOT
DCT 
2
3. ( at centre twice  at
64

2
32
⊙ )
ce

DTA DCT ( in alt. segment)

x 32
∵ OT  OD (radii)
∴ OTD ODT (base s, isos. △)
In △DOT,
ODT  OTD  DOT 180 ( sum of

2ODT  64 180
ODT 58
△)

CTB CDT
( in alt. segment)
y  20  58
78

4. Join PS.

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

TPQ TPS  QPS

T 24° x 24  73
A B
97
P S
x PTU SUT (alt. s, US // PQ)
5. (a)
50  x
C 73° UTR  90 ( in semi-circle)
Q D In △RTU,
R  UTR  TUR 180 ( sum of △)
∠TPS = ∠BTS ( in alt. segment) R  90  x 180
= 24°
∠QPS = ∠SQD ( in alt. segment) R 90  x (or 50  x)
= 73°
PTU R
(b) 50  x 90  x ( in alt. segment)
2 x 40
x 20

6. Q : RPQ : R PR : RQ : QP
   (arcs
3 : 2 : 4
prop. to s at ⊙ce)
Let Q  3x, RPQ  2x and R  4x.
In △PQR,
Q  RPQ  R 180
3x  2 x  4 x 180 ( sum of △)
9x 180
x 20
APR Q
( in alt. segment)
3 20
60
BPQ R
( in alt. segment)
4 20
80

7. (a) Consider △ABC and △TAC.

BAC ATC given
ACB 90  in semi-
circle
∠TCA = 180°  ∠ACB adj. s on st. line
= 180°  90°
= 90°
∴ ∠ACB = ∠TCA
∴ △ABC ~ △TAC AAA
(b) ∵ ∠ABC = ∠TAC corr. s, ~△s
∴ TA is the tangent to the converse of ∠ in
circle at A. alt. segment

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

8. Join BD.

CBD CD

∵   1 arcs prop. to s

DBT
DT
at ⊙ce
i.e. CBD DBT
CBT
DBT 
2
∴
60

2
30
BTD 90  in semi-circle
ATB  CBT 180 int. s, AT //
(ATD  90 )  60 180
ATD 30
CB

∵ ATD DBT
∴ AT is the tangent to the converse of  in
circle at T. alt. segment

36
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition)
5A Section Worksheets 2 Tangents to Circles

37