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1- Data acquisition is one of the most important objectives of well testing. In the petroleum
industry, a well test is the execution of a set of planned data acquisition activities. The acquired
data is analyzed to broaden the knowledge and increase the understanding of the hydrocarbon
properties therein and characteristics of the underground reservoir where the hydrocarbons are
trapped. The test will also provide information about the state of the particular well used to
collect data. The overall objective is identifying the reservoir's capacity to produce
hydrocarbons, such as oil, natural gas and condensate. Data gathered during the test period
includes volumetric flow rate and pressure observed in the selected well. Outcomes of a well
test, for instance flow rate data and gas oil ratio data, may support the well allocation process
for an ongoing production phase, while other data about the reservoir capabilities will support
reservoir management.
2- Every hydrocarbon bearing reservoir is a valuable asset. To ensure the best possible return, not
just in terms of the commercial factors, although this is clearly the driving factor, it is important
to understand as much as possible about the reservoir. This always presents a conceptual
problem as we cannot physically see the reservoir in question. Fortunately, the pioneering
instinct and inquisitive minds of mankind have developed some ingenious techniques to help
gain valuable data which in turn develops a descriptive picture or simulated model of the
reservoir in question. Well Testing is different from most techniques as it requires the reservoir
to be in a dynamic state as opposed to a static state in order to trigger the responses needed for
mathematical modeling.
3- Metrology is the science of measurements. In Well Testing, we acquire data at the surface and
downhole using mechanical and electrical transducers. The performance of these transducers or
gauges is paramount to producing accurate and reliable data and depends on many parameters.
- Temperature: Thermometer
- Gravity: Hydrometer, Densitometer (Anton Paar).
- BSW: Electrical or Hand Centrifuge
- Dräger sniffer & tubes: H2S and CO2 Concentration.
- Pressure: Dial Pressure Gauge, Dead Weight Tester, Chart Recorders (Foxboro, Barton)
4- Typical pressure measurement parameters can be split into the following main classes:
- Static parameters: These parameters describe the transducer performance in static
conditions
- Dynamic parameters: A pressure gauge is often submitted to sudden changes of
pressure or temperature or both. It is important to know how the sensor pressure
response behaves when exposed to these changes and particularly how fast the
pressure stabilizes after these changes. Two dynamic parameters describe the
transducer performance under changing conditions of pressure and temperature. We
usually distinguish between the transient response of the sensor during two types of
variation:
o Temperature
o Pressure
 5- ASCII file: An ASCII file is an unformatted file. It contains only the text entered by the user and
does not include formatting. This file will be used to generate the final report. It is generated by
making the filter in the Well Testing Data Acquisition software “IHS FIELDNOTES”.
6-
- Intrinsic safety (IS) is a protection technique for safe operation of electrical equipment
in hazardous areas by limiting the energy, electrical and thermal, available for ignition.
- Operational range represents the conditions under them an equipment could bear.
- Accuracy: It is the difference between a measured value and the true value obtained
from a reference standard like a high precision dead weight tester (DWT). Accuracy
should not only include the accuracy of the sensor but also include errors due to
electronics (e.g., clock frequency changes with temperature). Accuracy is normally
expressed as a ± value.

- Stability: The stability indicates the sensor's ability to retain its performance
characteristics for a relatively long period of time. The measurement used to quantify
the stability is called the drift and is expressed in psi/day at a given pressure and
temperature.
- Resolution: It is the minimum pressure change that is detected by the sensor.
7- Advantages of DAQ job:
- Measures the reservoir properties in Dynamic Conditions.
- Allows to quantify the reservoir volume.
- Help client to have a long-term lookahead for production.
- Able to have summaries describing the well behavior.

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8- a-
- Absolute pressure (psia): Is used when the measure pressure is referenced to full
vacuum, usually a sealed chamber within the device. The reading is approximately 101.3
kPa (14.7 psia) when the input port is open to atmosphere.
- Gauge pressure (psig): Is used when the measured pressure is referenced to the
ambient atmospheric pressure. The reading is zero when the input port is open to
atmosphere. It is used when the measured pressure is referenced to a set pressure
(usually in a Sealed pressure sealed chamber inside the device). This sealed pressure
may be atmospheric (psis) pressure where it is not possible to vent the gauge pressure
measuring device due to an unsuitable environment.
- InH2O: inch of Water: defined as the pressure exerted at the base of a column of fluid
exactly 1 inch (in) high
- Kg/cm^2: is a pressure unit that has been largely superseded by the SI unit system of
pascal units. It is the metric equivalent of pounds per square inch (psi).
- Mpa: Mega pascal Unit.

b-
 - DegC: can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale or a unit to indicate a
difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty.
- DegF: a degree on the Fahrenheit scale is 1⁄180 of the interval between the freezing point
and the boiling point.
- DegK: The kelvin is the primary unit of temperature measurement in the physical
sciences but is often used in conjunction with the degree Celsius, which has the same
magnitude.
- DegR: a temperature difference of one Rankine degree is defined as equal to one
Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale.

c-

- Bbl: is unit of volume flow rate equal to a barrel flow per day.
- STB/D: Stock Tank Barrel per Day. STB is A measure of the volume of treated oil stored
in stock tanks.

d-

- MMSCF: A common measure for gas volume. Standard conditions are normally set at
60oF and 14.7 psia. Abbreviation for million standard cubic feet
- MSCF: thousand standard cubic feet per day

e-

- 1-SHR: is the shrinkage factor: The shrinkage factor of crude oil from separator
conditions varies, dependent upon the pressure and temperature of the separator and
the individual fluid properties. The more volatile the separator liquid phase, the more
impact separator conditions and shrinkage will be. Shrinkage value will be very
dependent upon the separator pressure and temperature and will change as these
values vary.

f-

- MF: Meter Factor: A correction number for the meter. It is determined by calibrating
the meter using an incompressible fluid (liquid).
- CMF: Combined Meter Factor: To calculate meter factor and the shrinkage factor
together.

g-

- LC: Level Controller.

- SC: Sampling Point.

h-

- SG: Specific Gravity: is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to
the density of a given reference material.
- API: American Petroleum Institute Scale. Crude oil is classified as light, medium, or
heavy according to its measured API gravity.
9-
 a-
- Deg C to Deg F: (°C × 9/5) + 32 = °F
- Deg C to Deg K: °C + 273.15 = 273.15 °K

b-

- Psig to Psia: 1 psig = 1 psia - 14.7

- Psig to Bar: psig x 0.069 = bar
- Psig to Kg/cm^2: psig x 0.0703 = kg/cm2
- Psig to Mpa psig = Mpa/6895

C-

- 1 bbl = 1 stb.

d-

- CMF = MF x (1 -SHR).

e-

- API = (141.5/SG) -131.5

d-

- 1 Minutes = 1/1440 Day.

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- Inspect all electrical tools and equipment Frayed, cut, broken wires grounding prong
missing Improper use of cube taps
- All connections should be ATEX.
- Circuit Breakers.
- Do not drape power cords over hot pipes, radiators or sharp objects.
- Do not plug equipment into defective receptacles.
- Do check for frayed, cracked, or exposed wiring on equipment cords.
- Employees should know the location of electrical circuit breaker panels that control
equipment and lighting in their respective areas. Circuits and equipment disconnects
must be identified
- Any electrical equipment causing shocks or with high leakage potential must be tagged
with a Danger tag or equivalent.
2- Grounding the electrical equipment is primarily concerned with the protection of personnel
from electric shocks by maintaining the potential of noncurrent-carrying equipment at or near
ground potential. In classified locations, proper grounding minimizes ignition-capable sparking
resulting from unintentional contact between electrical equipment and any other grounded
object. Correct grounding of the electrical equipment, on fixed and floating offshore petroleum
facilities, is highly important. The personnel standing on steel decks or in contact with steel
 framing has a low resistance path to ground. In addition, the dampness and salt spray contribute
to the breakdown of insulation and to the possibility of leakage on the surface of insulators and
similar devices.

3-YOU NEED TO PREPARE A PRESNTATION.

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1- We have one of the our OILSERV policies “IT Policy” which includes protecting the data.
2- Clients are spending too much money to perform the well testing operation. As we are
producing a data that it will help them to know more their well, we need to protect and secure
their data from being lost or theft. Anyone could steal this data and use it for another purposes
(like using it for competitors). This data could be also pricing information or internal data related
to the company.
3- Who should receive the data:
- Client.
- SDM.
- Supervisor.
- Coordinator.

Who should not receive:

- Competitors.
- Anyone not related to business.
- Family.
- Friends.
4- The advantages of establishing a communication with Client are to acquire more confidence and
reliability from client.

So, client can count on our service quality and call for us for other jobs.

5-
- Being accurate.
- Schedule Routine Client Communications through meetings.
- Self-Correct.
- Take enough timing before giving an opining on any subject.
- Consider Their Comfort Zone
- Client Should be always the kind.

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- Dataport: Acquire Data through signals from Sensors and convert it to Readable data
through Data Acquisition software.
- Pressure Sensor: giving pressure.
 - Temperature Sensor: giving Temperature.
- Flow Sensor/ Coriolis: giving the flowrate of liquid or gas.
- DP Sensor: calculate the Differential pressure needed to calculate the gas rate.
- Cables.
- Antenna: To enhance the signal strength of acquiring data from sensors.
- Laptop DAQ: to acquire Data.
2-
- UPS: uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source (UPS) is an electrical
apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or
mains power fails.
3-
- OFFSET: The offset error of a transducer is defined as the output that will exist when it
should be zero or, alternatively, the difference between the actual output value and the
specified output value under some particular set of conditions.
- P-Zero: is the resetting of pressure sensor under “No Pressure” condition.
4- When the pressure sensor is not giving the right values of pressures (for examples, we do not
have the same pressures between the sensor, dual gauges or the Foxboro). We can do this
either by:
- Performing it straight on the configuration of the sensors.
- Using Dataport Manager.