ASi bus, basics

These documents have been designed for your information and to be used as attendant training materials,
but to some extent are also suitable for studying on your own.
These documents have been created to the best of our knowledge. We shall not be held liable for possible
mistakes. We also shall not assume liability for any resulting defects or any consequential damage caused by
a mistake.
For internal use only!
only!

This document is only intentended for KRONES service personnel!

If there are any questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact us.
__________________________________________________________________________________

This documentation was created as an informatory, training supplementary document. It is also suitable for
self-studying.
This documentation was created to the best of our knowledge. We assume no liability for possible mistakes.
We also assume no liability for potentially resulting disadvantages or complications.

For internal use only!

only!

This documentation is for KRONES Service only!

If you have any further questions or suggestions please don’t hesitate to contact us.

Krones AG
Service Dept., Training Center for Service Engineering (TCSE)
Böhmerwaldstraße 5
93073 Neutraubling

[email protected]

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 krones ag – kd tcse – ASI bus

ASi bus, basics

g What is ASI?
g Hierarchy
g The ASI bus cable
g Basic knowledge
g Transmission technology
g Power supply
g Modulation method
g Bus access method
g Information structure

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Table of contents

What is ASI?...........................................................................................................3
Hierarchy.......................................................................................4
The ASI bus cable..................................................................................................5
Basic knowledge.....................................................................................................7
Transmission technology.........................................................................................................9
Power supply.....................................................................................................10
Modulation method..............................................................................................11
Bus acces method............................................................................................13
Information structure........................................................................................14

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What does ASI mean?

AS interface or actuator/sensor interface is a connection system for the

lowest process level in automation lines (E/A level).

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•Reduction of cabling and wiring jobs

•Reduction of the installation areas in the control cabinet and terminal boxes

•Diagnostics up to the sensor level

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Hierarchy
Ethernet (TCP/IP)
LDS & Office net

LDS
data server
Ethernet (TCP/IP)
Touch-screen

Profibus DP
Machine net

Drives

Lamps Compact
Sensors & pneumatic
Buttons valves

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The structure of a machine network begins in this pyramid with the ASI bus as the
lowest level of automation.
This way is the easiest to operate sensors and actuators in a bus system.
The data transmission is mainly bit-oriented.

The next level in this case is the profibus and requires a hardware configuration in
the Simatic manager for its structure.
The data transmission is mainly byte-oriented.

The industrial network and office network is a variable connection of automation

and the machine network, whereas the Ethernet also has captured automation
yet, e.g. Profinet.
The data transmission is mainly block-oriented.

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 krones ag – kd tcse – ASI bus

The ASI bus cable

ASI flat cable

• Piercing technology
• Self-repairing
• Reverse current protection

Standard round cable

• Krones line with yellow cable sheath
• Oil-filled flexible cable without grounding

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The data and energy is loaded to a double-core line.

The medium is an unshielded cable 2 x 1.5 mm.
The standard cable length is 100 m and can be extended to 200 m via an
extender; with a max. 300 m, two repeaters must be used.

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The AS-Interface line

g Limited rating:
rating:
- R' < 90 mΩ/m
- L' 400...1300 nH/m
- C' < 80 pF/m
- G' < 5 µS/m

g Wave resistance |Z| in the range of 70...140 Ω

g Group run time t' < 8.3ns/m

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A line model with these limit data has been specificed for the AS interface line.
In addition, the wave resistance |Z| has been limited to the range of 70...140O Ω
and the group runtime to
t‘ < 8.3ns/m, to be able to exclude unfavourable combinations of R‘, L‘ and C‘.
Of course, the yellow double-line flat cable is especially suitable for the structure
of AS interface networks. It is the basis of the electromechanics of the AS interface
for protection type IP67 and it allows for the use of efficient piercing technology
which we will explain in more detail in connection with a following module. The
conductor gauge is 1.5mm².
A double-core cable shield has been standardised in addition to the known yellow
flat cable which has been optimised for the IDC technology to be used in control
cabinets or other environments where protection type IP20 is sufficient. It has a
conductor gauge of 0.8mm².

Crucial criteria for the selection of a suitable transmission medium

medium for the AS
interface:
Direct current resistance for energy transmission
Transmission properties in the frequency range used for the communication

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Basic knowledge

g Master/slave principle

g No limitation of the tree structure

g Data and power on a double-core line

g The medium is an unshielded cable 2 x 1.5 mm.

g 4 inputs + 4 outputs per slave

g For control cabinet and heavy-duty application in industry, protection class

IP 67

g Cable length 100 m, can be extended to 200 m via extender and

max. 300 m via 2 repeaters

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Notes

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 krones ag – kd tcse – ASI bus

Basic knowledge

g 31 sl. can be contacted

g With an A/B operation, up to 64 sl. can be contacted

g Maximum access time is 5 ms or. 10 ms

g Electronic setting of the address by means of the bus connection

g Data rate: 156 - 166 kBit/s

g Power supply 29.5...31.6 VDC

g Data signal 3 ...8 VSS

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Notes

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Transmission technology

g Polarity identification and core identification Primary voltage

- via reverse current protection
- light-blue (ASi -)
Power
- brown (ASi +)
supply
g Additional auxiliary voltage
- black cable (up to 30V DC)
- red cable (up to 230V AC)
g Power supply
- 2A (up to 8A) total voltage Data
- at 124 inputs 2mA per sensor decoupling

(ASi -) (ASi +)

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Practical tip:
If the overall power is greater than 1A, the voltage drop has to be checked so that
the power supply of all slaves is guaranteed and all actuators can
can operate
properly!
However, due to the fact that it is impossible to feed current with up to more than
8A into a network, it must be checked if the resulting voltage drop does not
become too great. It could result in the slaves not being supplied with sufficient
power at the end of the line and that connected actuators are not operating
properly anymore.
This may sound trivial, however it must be put into consideration: The AS
interface technology could invalidate Ohm's law!

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Power supply

g Data and power are transmitted over the same line

g Power supply is an integral part of the physical layer

g AS-
AS-Interface power supply units have a special design

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The four functions performed by the AS-

AS-Interface power supply unit:
•Providing the network with a nominal voltage of 24VDC
•Safe isolation
•Network balancing
•Data decoupling

To ensure that 24V DC of power can also be supplied at the end of the AS interface
network, the power supply unit was specified as needing to provide a rated
voltage of 30V.
This allows for a drop in voltage of approx. 3V via the AS interface cable and an
additional approx. 3V in the slave, where the data and energy paths must be
separated from one another once again.
In princle, the power fed to the AS interface can be selected arbitrarily. In practice,
8A is a reasonable limit because of the customary conductor gauges of the AS
interface lines.

PELV, "Protective Extra Low Voltage" acc. to IEC 60364-4-41

The protection measure PELV enables going without PE conductors.

Due to the good balancing, shielding or twisting the cable is not necessary.

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Modulation method

g AS interface employs the APM method ("Alternating Pulse Modulation")

Modulation") for
data transmission.

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(1) Bit sequence (2) Manchester coding

(3) Transmission current (4) Voltage, can be detected by transmitter
(5) Bit sequence

Manchester coding:
Manchester coding is a coding method showing binary information via voltage
changes within the bit time. The Manchester coding presents an Exclusive-OR
operation of the binary code directly converted from the voltage and of the
clock pulse signal:

The binary information is coded in the second bit half, the first bit half is the
complement to this. .

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Modulation method

g Principle of operation of the APM method

A special feature of this modulation method

is the pulse form of the transmission current.
It is not a rectangle pulse but a pulse
with a maximum power of 60mA,
which is shaped such that it corresponds with an
Integral of2-pulse. Thus, it has been achieved that
the radiation from the
AS interface line remains within the allowed
limits without making shielding of the line
necessary.

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(1) Bit sequence (2) Manchester coding

(3) Transmission current (4) Voltage, can be detected by transmitter
(5) Bit sequence

A voltage pulse on the AS interface line has a duration of 3µs.

Because a bit consists either of pause and a pulse or of two
pulses, the bit time is 6µs. This results in a gross transmission rate of
of 167kBit/s.

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Bus access method

g AS interface access method = master-slave method with cyclical polling

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The master sends a telegram which is then received at a particular slave address.
The slave activated at this address answers within the specified time – this means
that each message is acknowledged.
Only once the acknowledgement has been correctly received is the message
viewed as having been transmitted properly. If the master does not receive an
answer, of if the answer cannot be correctly decoded by the master, then the
telegram can be repeated.

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Information structure

g AS-Interface message = Master call + Delay + Slave response + Delay

approx.
approx.
153 µs
1 bit time = 6 µs

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All master calls are exactly 14 bit time values long.

All slave answers have a length of 7 bit time values.
The difference between the master call and the slave answer lies in the address
and the control information.
Between the end of the master call and the beginning of the slave answer, there is
a pause which is typically 16µs long (synchronised slave) and is allowed to have a
maximum length which is the same as the expected slave answer.
If the master has yet to receive a slave answer by this time, it can assume that no
answer will be received and that it can start with the next master call.
At the end of the slave answer, there is another short pause which typically lasts
between approximately 9-12µs.
The master needs this time to check the slave answer and decide what should
happen next.
Based on this, an AS interface message lasts for 152 µs + 2/ - 1 µs. This means
than 6500 such messages can be transmitted in one second.

The bit time describes the time in which exactly one bit is transmitted from the
transmitter to the receiver. It corresponds to the bit interval indicating the time
sequence between two bits.

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