The history of agricultural extension dates back to ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt where clay tablets and hieroglyphics provided advice on farming practices. Modern extension services began in the mid-1800s in Europe and the US in response to agricultural crises. The US Morrill Act of 1862 established land grant colleges to teach agriculture and mechanic arts. The 1887 Hatch Act provided funding for agricultural experiment stations and the 1914 Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service. In the Philippines, the earliest extension efforts began under Spanish rule in the 1500s, with the American and post-WWII periods bringing increased organization and establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Extension. Extension services have since been decentralized and brought under
The history of agricultural extension dates back to ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt where clay tablets and hieroglyphics provided advice on farming practices. Modern extension services began in the mid-1800s in Europe and the US in response to agricultural crises. The US Morrill Act of 1862 established land grant colleges to teach agriculture and mechanic arts. The 1887 Hatch Act provided funding for agricultural experiment stations and the 1914 Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service. In the Philippines, the earliest extension efforts began under Spanish rule in the 1500s, with the American and post-WWII periods bringing increased organization and establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Extension. Extension services have since been decentralized and brought under
The history of agricultural extension dates back to ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt where clay tablets and hieroglyphics provided advice on farming practices. Modern extension services began in the mid-1800s in Europe and the US in response to agricultural crises. The US Morrill Act of 1862 established land grant colleges to teach agriculture and mechanic arts. The 1887 Hatch Act provided funding for agricultural experiment stations and the 1914 Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service. In the Philippines, the earliest extension efforts began under Spanish rule in the 1500s, with the American and post-WWII periods bringing increased organization and establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Extension. Extension services have since been decentralized and brought under
The history of agricultural extension dates back to ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt where clay tablets and hieroglyphics provided advice on farming practices. Modern extension services began in the mid-1800s in Europe and the US in response to agricultural crises. The US Morrill Act of 1862 established land grant colleges to teach agriculture and mechanic arts. The 1887 Hatch Act provided funding for agricultural experiment stations and the 1914 Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service. In the Philippines, the earliest extension efforts began under Spanish rule in the 1500s, with the American and post-WWII periods bringing increased organization and establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Extension. Extension services have since been decentralized and brought under
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HISTORY OF EXTENSION tripartite cooperation of federal, state and local county governments with the state
Distant Origins college as the extension agency
-The transfer of the US land grant model of extension to the Third World was an 1800 B.C. offshoot of the US reparation movement, which aimed at rehabilitating war-torn ally - in Mesopotamia (now Iraq). Unearthed clay tablets reveal advice on countries in the 1950s. watering crops and getting rid of rats. - Agricultural extension was brought by external assistance with US extension experts serving as consultants or advisers to Latin America, African, and Asian countries. Some Egyptian hieroglyphics also show advice on avoiding crop damage and loss Extension in the Philippines of life from the Nile river. Spanish Regime Similar texts on agricultural advice dating back to Greek, Phoenicians and - Extension work in the Philippines began as early as 1565 with the setting up of Roman civilizations were found. model farms or Granjas Modelos by the first Spanish missionaries in Negros Occidental Birth of Modern Agricultural for sugarcane, in Pampanga for rice, and in Isabela for tobacco. Extension Services American Regime According to historical documents, potato late blight infested Ireland potato farms that brought vast devastation to the country in 1845. October 8, 1901 – beginning of extension work during the American regime. Earl of Clarendon sent a letter to the President of the Royal Agricultural Improvement April 30, 1902 - Bureau of Agriculture was established. Society of Ireland requesting to initiate changes in the cropping system and husbandry July 1910 -The Demonstration and Extension Division (DED) was established within the practices of the impoverished Irish small farmers. Bureau. DED became the first formally organized government institute to implement Beginnings of Extension in Europe research and extension programs. 1840’s – the term “ university extension” or “extension of the university was first 1929- Bureau of Agriculture was reorganized and the Bureaus of Plant Industry and recorded in Britain. Animal Industry were formed. 1867- 68 -first practical steps to institutionalizing extension in a college when James - The Agricultural Extension Division was transferred under the Bureau of Stuart, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, gave lectures to women’s associations and Plant Industry. men’s clubs in North of England. - James Stuart is often considered to be the father of university extension. 1936- Commonwealth Act No. 85 under president Manuel L. Quezon established the 1871 - Stuart appealed to the authorities of the University of Cambridge to organize Provincial Extension services to widen the reach of extension services. extension lectures under the university’s supervision. 1942-1945 ( Japanese Occupation) 1873 - extension education was introduced by Cambridge University in England to – Home economics and agricultural extension works in the provinces were describe an educational innovation done outside the university paralyzed. 1876 - London University followed Cambridge in adopting the system 1878 - Oxford University also adopted the innovation 1947- Home Extension Unit was fused with Agricultural Extension Unit of the Bureau 1862 - Department of Agriculture and the Land Grant Universities were established of Plant Industry. The research function was left to the Plant Utilization Division. through federal legislation in the USA.
-Morrill Act, signed by Abraham Lincoln, provided mechanisms for July 16, 1952- RA No. 680 established the Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx). agricultural education. - This move is based on the Bell Report which recommended the consolidation of scattered extension services provided by the different government - The Act stipulated that each state would set aside acreage of federal land and bureaus. that income derived from the property would support a state college or university for - BAEx became responsible for all the extension activities of the Department of teaching “agriculture and the mechanic arts” Agriculture and Natural Resources. 1887 - the Hatch Act was instituted to provide funds for state agricultural experiment 1963 - Republic Act No. 3844 or the Agricultural Land Reform Code was signed into law stations. and BAEx was renamed Agricultural Productivity Commission (APC).
Agricultural extension became widespread in the USA towards the end of the 19th May 2, 1973- Masagana 99 Program was launched. Under the program research results century generated in experiment stations and applied research conducted in farmers’ fields were The term agricultural extension was finally adopted in the U.S when the federal Smith- put together in a 16-simple-step package of production technology. Lever Act of 1914 called for the establishment of the Cooperative Extension Service – a 1982 - EO No. 803 established an integrated management system for agricultural services and inputs. - The province was designated as the political unit of management for inducing agricultural development, coordination & supervision of operations of various agencies involved in the delivery of agricultural services. - the Integrated Agricultural Research Stations (RIARS) were established to provide technical support to the extension workers.
1987 – creation of Agricultural Training Institute thru EO no 116
- BAEx together with the Philippine Agricultural Training Council (PATC) were merged into the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI). 1991 – Devolution of Agricultural Extension. The Local Government Code thru Republic Act No. 7160 aims to ensure the delivery of basic services in the agricultural extension system. -The authority to manage and supervise the agricultural extension in the country was decentralized to the local government units (LGUs). 1997 - The enactment of the Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of the Philippines through RA 8435. It stipulates major policy interventions to improve the extension services of the country. GOD BLESS YOU!!! TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL YOUR HEART AND LEAN NOT ON YOUR OWN UNDERSTANDING, IN ALL YOUR WAYS ACKNOWLEDGE HIM AND HE WILL CROWN YOUR EFFORTS WITH SUCCESS. Proverbs 3:5-6
