20th C:

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE American Rule:
islands ceded to America, as a
result of Spanish war with USA
20th C: fighting
MODERN INFLUENCES self-government
history of architecture

ISLAMIC A. HISTORY
Japanese Invasion:
CHINESE December 1941
Pre-Colonial:
puppet government
JAPANESE immigrants of Malay origin, food
liberation by Gen. McArthur in
gatherers and hunters
INDIAN July 1945
3000 BC, joined by advanced
FILIPINO agricultural race from Indonesia
independence in 1946
barangays as tribal system
converted to Islam in 1300 AD
3rd largest English-speaking
trade center of the Orient
country in the world
citadel of Christianity and
Spanish Rule:
democracy in East Asia
1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed
mixture of races: Malay, Chinese,
1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Spanish
brought Christianity
until 1900's
B. RELIGION
nationalist movement by Jose
Rizal, unsuccessful revolt by
Roman Catholics
Aguinaldo
Islam
Protestants
Aglipayan
Iglesia ni Kristo
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mapua Institute of Architecture
ARCHITECTURAL (1925)
1st school of Architecture
20th C:
MODERN
CHARACTER Adamson University
2nd school of Architecture
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
UST College of Architecture (1930)
A. DESCRIPTION 3rd school of architecture
CHINESE

JAPANESE tropical architecture ORGANIZATIONS:

open and transparent
INDIAN
light Philippine Architects Society
FILIPINO Philippine Institute of Architects
SCHOOLS: League of Philippine Architects
Association of Phil. Government
Escuela Practica Y Profecional de Architects
Artes Oficio de Manila (1890) PIA + LPA + APGA = United
taught maestros de obras Architects of the Philippines
Liceo de Manila
MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica” EXAMPLES
MO-A “Maestros de
Obra-Academia” PRE-SPANISH HOUSES

Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura Bahay Kubo style of dwelling

closed after one year well- adapted to tropical climate
of wood, bamboo, and palm
leaves
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN
Isneg Kalinga Badjao Samal
FILIPINO

Yakan Maranao
Bontoc Ifugao Island of Panay

Kankanai Bahay Kubo

Ivatan, Mangyan, Subanun, Mandaya
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: ISNEG BINURON
MODERN
homes of the Isneg boatpeople
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
pyramidal or hipped roof
CHINESE
annex on one or both ends
JAPANESE
removable sidings for special
INDIAN
occasions
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: ISNEG BINURON
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: ISNEG BINURON
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN
KALINGA BINAYON
octagonal or rectangular
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
painted round human figures
CHINESE
roof ridge perpendicular to river
JAPANESE
loft or granary hides roof
INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN
KALINGA BINAYON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN
KALINGA BINAYON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: BONTOC HOUSES
MODERN
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
house within a house
CHINESE
shelter for rice, chickens,
JAPANESE
pigs, and people
INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: BONTOC HOUSES
MODERN
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: BONTOC HOUSES
MODERN
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: IFUGAO
MODERN
built on the rice terraces
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
near a spring or grove
CHINESE
entry faces down slope
JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: IFUGAO
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
MODERN
Similar to the ifugao house
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
ridge parallel to front
CHINESE
made of narra or pine
JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
20th C: KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C: BADJAO
MODERN
ladder serves as wash area
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
mirrors symbolize the
CHINESE
number of children
JAPANESE
lipa, djenging, and dapang
INDIAN
houseboats
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C: BADJAO
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C:
SAMAL HOUSE
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C:
SAMAL HOUSE
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C:
SAMAL HOUSE
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C: YAKAN HOUSE
MODERN
elevated 2 to 3 meters
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
above ground
CHINESE
kitchen annex
JAPANESE
door faces east
INDIAN
rooms and steps are odd
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C: YAKAN HOUSE
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C: MARANAO TOROGAN
MODERN
House built for sultans and datus
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Arranged in a line along the river

Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground
CHINESE Windows face front and right
JAPANESE
Panolong and okir carvings
A lamin or tower built atop the
INDIAN torogan hides the sultan’s daughter
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region
th
20 C: MARANAO TOROGAN
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Island of Panay
th
20 C:
MODERN
BAHAY KUBO
bamboo house on stilts
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
home to an extended family
CHINESE
often surrounded by a garden
JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Island of Panay
th
20 C:
MODERN
BAHAY KUBO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Island of Panay
th
20 C:
MODERN
BAHAY KUBO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Calasiao, Pangasinan
2nd best bell tower
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
by Fr. Ramon Dalinao
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte
by Fr. Joseph Ruiz
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
sinking belltower
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Las Pinas Church
by Fr. Diego Cera
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Loboc, Bohol
biggest number of murals on
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
walls and ceilings
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Manila Cathedral
by Bishop Domingo Salazar
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo
by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Morong Church, Rizal
Spanish Baroque style
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
by Fr. Blas dela Madre
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Panay Church
largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
donated by townspeople
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Quiapo Church
restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Maria Zaragosa
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN San Agustin Church
by Fr. Juan Macias
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN San Sebastian
one of first steel buildings
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
steel from Belgium by Eiffel
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Taal Church, Batangas
by Fr. Martin Aguirre
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
biggest church
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Sta. Ana Church, Manila
by Fr. Vicente Ingles
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
restored by Juan Nakpil
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Sto. Nino, Cebu
by Diego de Herrera
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Vigan Houses
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST Antillan Houses
20th C: Ivatan Houses
MODERN
San Agustin, Intramuros
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo PARTS

San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte
CHINESE Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur FIRST FLOOR:
JAPANESE
Zaguan, for caroza
Quadra, horse stable
INDIAN SPANISH HOUSES: Bodega, storeroom
BAHAY-NA-BATO
FILIPINO
SECOND FLOOR:
evolved from the Bahay Kubo: Stairway
tropical house Caida, ante-sala from stairs
steep, hip roof Sala, living room
post and lintel construction Comedor, dining room
light and airy structure Cocina, kitchen
elevated living quarters Dispensa, pantry
economy of materials Letrina or Comun, toilet
space flowing from one room to Baño, bath
next Azotea, open terrace
Aljibe, water cistern
Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic, Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio
and Baroque influence: Entresuelo, vault
grandeur and solidity Balcon, balcony
ornamentation Patio, courtyard
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
20th C: Unosinotra, alternate/staggered Kapatas, foreman
MODERN Liyabe, anchor Balangkas, framework
Batidura, astragal Dos Aguas, gable roof
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Medya Agua, awning Kuling, girder

CHINESE Barandillas, baluster Sepo, girt
Rodapis, baseboard Canal, groove
JAPANESE Tirante, bottom chord Alulod o Kanal, gutter
Pie de Gallo, brace Caida, hall
INDIAN
Ladrillo, brick Bisagra, hinge
FILIPINO Kostilyahe, ceiling joists Pulgada, inches
Sinturon, collar Pendulum, king post
Larga Masa, concrete slab Piyon, laborer
Escondro, crushed stone Asinta, laying of CHB
Abang, dowel Sibe, lean-to roof
Tubo de Banada, downspout Dulang, low table
Escombro, earth fill Kantero, Mason
Alero, eaves Kanto Mesa, miter
Tabike, exterior siding Paupo, mortar
Piye, feet Kostura, mortar joints
Batidura, fillet Estanyo, Nikolite bar
Dotal, floorboards Truerka, nut
Soleras, floor joists Estopa, oakum
Guililan, floor sill De Bandeha, panel door
Suelo, flooring Lingueta, GI strap
Alahado, flush Tapon, plug
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
20th C: Hulog, plumb bob Pergola, trellis
MODERN Bolado, projection Kilo, truss
Reostra, purlins Asolehos, wainscoting tiles
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Masilya, putty Bagad, wall post

CHINESE Media Cana, quarter round Pitsa, washer
Vaciada, rabbet Pasamano, window sill
JAPANESE Kabilya, reinforcing bars Poleya, wiring knob
Kaballete, ridge roll Haspe, wood grain
INDIAN
Takip Silipan, riser Tabla, wood plank
FILIPINO Rimatse, rivets Plantsuela, wrought iron strap
Lastillas, sand and gravel Palitada, plaster
Andanyo, scaffolding Kalinya, aligned
Rebokada, scratch coat Trankilya, barrel bolt
Dutcha, shower Biga, beam
Prigadero, sink Hiero, iron
Krokis, sketch plan Kisame, ceiling
Estanyo, soldering bar Baral de Kadena, chain bolt
Biento, spacing Poste, column
Staka, stake Kontratista, constructor
Madre de Escalera, closed Kanto, corner
stringer Dish rack, bangguerahan
Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud Sumbrero Pintuan, door head
Pilarete, vertical stud Hamba Pintuan, door jamb
Latero, tinsmith Senepa, fascia board
Baytang, tread Tambak, fill
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
National Museum
20th C: AMERICAN PERIOD 1st was the Legislative Building
MODERN
Early American Period Intendencia Building
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
adjacent to Manila Cathedral
CHINESE Notable architects:
Luneta Hotel
JAPANESE Daniel Burnham 2nd hotel in Asia
city plan of Manila and Baguio French Baroque style
INDIAN
William Parsons
FILIPINO Juan Arellano Army and Navy Club
Tomas Mapua rest and recreation for American
1st registered architect in country soldiers
Alejandro Legardo
Antonio Toledo De La Salle College
Carlos Barredo by Tomas Mapua

Rizal Monument
Masonic Temple, Escolta obelisk
1st concrete building in Escolta
Sta. Isabel College
Philippine Normal School
Phil. Normal University

University of the Philippines

Padre Faura
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
UST Main Building
Manila Hotel by Roque Rueno
st
1 hotel in Asia
1st with elevator
renovated by Locsin in 1975

Philippine General Hospital Post Office Building

by William Parsons by Juan Arellano
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal
by Pablo Antonio
AMERICAN PERIOD
20th C: Jai Alai Building
MODERN Commonwealth Period demolished in 2001
Art Deco, streamline style
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Notable architects:
CHINESE Ambassador Hotel
Juan Nakpil by Fernando Ocampo
JAPANESE 1st National Artist for Arch. 1st skyscraper in the country (4
INDIAN Pablo Antonio storeys)
2nd National Artist for Arch.
FILIPINO Enrique Bautista Syquia Apartments, Malate
Gonzalo Barreto by Pablo Antonio
Fernando Ocampo Natividad Building, Escolta
Andres Luna y San Pedro by Andres Luna y San Pedro
Leandro Locsin Regina Building, Escolta
3rd National Artist for Arch. by Andres Luna y San Pedro

Agriculture & Finance Building

Crystal Arcade, Escolta

Quezon Institute
By Juan Nakpil

Lyric Theater, Escolta

By Juan Nakpil FEU Main Building
by Pablo Antonio
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN
Metropolitan Theater
FILIPINO

The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals

by Carlos Santos Viola

The Church of the Risen Lord, UP

by Cesar Concio
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN Philippine Heart Center

FILIPINO

The Meralco Building

by Jose Zaragoza The Quiapo Mosque

by Jorge Ramos
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO SM Megamall
by Antonio Sindiong

Robinson’s Galleria
by William Coscolluela
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN
The Central Bank of the Philippines
FILIPINO

Asian Institute of Management

The Quezon Monument
by Federico Ilustre by Gabriel Formoso
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice,

UP Diliman
FILIPINO

The New Istana, Brunei

The Philippine Stock Exchange

The Cultural Center of the
Philippines by Leandro Locsin
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

The Enterprise RCBC Tower

GT Tower Robinson Summit