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History of Animation

Shadow play and shadow puppetry were early forms of animation dating back to prehistory. The first animated film was Pauvre Pierrot in 1892, directed by Charles-Émile Reynaud using individually painted images. Fantasmagorie in 1908, directed by Émile Cohl, was the first animated film to use string puppet animation. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, released in 1937, was the first full-length animated feature film. Clay animation involves manipulating malleable materials like clay or plasticine frame by frame. John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation and motion control photography in the 1940s-1960s. Toy Story, released in 1995, was the first feature-length computer animated film.

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232 views4 pages

History of Animation

Shadow play and shadow puppetry were early forms of animation dating back to prehistory. The first animated film was Pauvre Pierrot in 1892, directed by Charles-Émile Reynaud using individually painted images. Fantasmagorie in 1908, directed by Émile Cohl, was the first animated film to use string puppet animation. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, released in 1937, was the first full-length animated feature film. Clay animation involves manipulating malleable materials like clay or plasticine frame by frame. John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation and motion control photography in the 1940s-1960s. Toy Story, released in 1995, was the first feature-length computer animated film.

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Claro P. Tulagan
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History of Animation

2D and 3D Animation
Claro P. Tulagan Jr
CCS 2-2

2D animation

Shadow Play:
Shadow play has much in common with animation: people watching moving figures on a screen as a
popular form of entertainment, usually a story with dialogue, sounds and music. The figures could be very
detailed and very articulated.

The earliest projection of images was most likely done in primitive shadowgraphy dating back to
prehistory. It evolved into more refined forms of shadow puppetry, mostly with flat jointed cut-out figures
which are held bet ween a source of light and a translucent screen. The shapes of the puppets sometimes
include translucent color or other types of detailing. The history of shadow puppetry is uncertain, but
seems to have originated in Asia, possibly in the 1st millennium BCE. Clearer records seem to go back to
around 900 CE. It later spread to the Ottoman empire and seems not to have reached Europe before the
17th century. It became popular in France at the end of the 18th century. François Dominique Séraphin
started his elaborate shadow shows in 1771 and performed them until his death in 1800. His heirs
continued until their theatre closed in 1870. Séraphin sometimes used clockwork mechanisms to automate
the show.

Pauvre Pierrot (1892):


Pauvre Pierrot (aka Poor Pete) is a French short animated film directed by
Charles-Émile Reynaud in 1891 and released in 1892. It consists of 500
individually painted images and lasts about 15 minutes originally. These
were the first animated pictures publicly exhibited by means of picture
bands. Reynaud gave the entire presentation himself by manipulating the
images
Fantasmagorie (1908):
The first 2D animation ever made was called Fantasmagorie, a short cartoon
made by Emile Cohl. Created entirely in black and white, the cartoon begins
with Emile drawing a simple stick man in live action. ... In the 1960s, 2D
animation strayed away from the theaters and moved onto the TV screen.
The film largely consists of a stick man moving about and encountering all
manner of morphing objects, such as a wine bottle that transforms into a flower which becomes an
elephant. There are also sections of live action where the animator's hands enter the scene. The main
character is drawn by the artist's hand on camera, and the main characters are a clown and a gentleman.
Other characters include a woman in a film theater wearing a large hat with gigantic feathers and a
strongman.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937):


Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical
fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO
Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers
Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and
the first Disney animated feature film. The story was adapted by
storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De
Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith. David Hand was the
supervising director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, and Ben
Sharpsteen directed the film's individual sequences.

3D animation
Claymation:
Clay animation or claymation, sometimes plasticine animation, is one of many
forms of stop-motion animation. Each animated piece, either character or
background, is "deformable"—made of a malleable substance, usually plasticine
clay.
Each object or character is sculpted from clay or other such similarly
pliable material as plasticine, usually around a wire skeleton, called an
armature, and then arranged on the set, where it is photographed once
before being slightly moved by hand to prepare it for the next shot, and
so on until the animator has achieved the desired amount of film. Upon
playback, the viewer perceives the series of slightly changing, rapidly
succeeding images as motion.
John Whitney:
John Whitney, Sr (1917–1995) was an American animator, composer and inventor,
widely considered to be one of the fathers of computer animation. In the 1940s and
1950s, he and his brother James created a series of experimental films made with a
custom-built device based on old anti-aircraft analog computers (Kerrison Predictors)
connected by servos to control the motion of lights and lit objects – the first example
of motion control photography. One of Whitney's best known works from this early
period was the animated title sequence from Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film Vertigo,
which he collaborated on with graphic designer Saul Bass. In 1960, Whitney established his company
Motion Graphics Inc, which largely focused on producing titles for film and television, while continuing
further experimental works. In 1968, his pioneering motion control model photography was used on
Stanley Kubrick's movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, and also for the slit-scan photography technique used in
the film's "Star Gate" finale.

Toy Story (1995):


Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar
Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The first installment in
the Toy Story franchise, it was the first entirely computer-animated feature film,
as well as the first feature film from Pixar. The film was directed by John Lasseter
(in his feature directorial debut), and written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton,
Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow from a story by Lasseter, Stanton, Pete Docter, and
Joe Ranft. The film features music by Randy Newman, was produced by Bonnie
Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, and was executive-produced by Steve Jobs and
Edwin Catmull. The film features the
voices of Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Don Rickles, Wallace Shawn,
John Ratzenberger, Jim Varney, Annie Potts, R. Lee Ermey, John
Morris, Laurie Metcalf, and Erik von Detten. Taking place in a
world where toys come to life when humans are not present, the
plot focuses on the relationship between an old-fashioned pull-
string cowboy doll named Woody and a modern astronaut action
figure, Buzz Lightyear, as they evolve from rivals competing for
the affections of their owner, Andy Davis, to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy after
being separated from him.
Sources:
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/a-guide-to-the-history-of-animation#what-was-the-first-
featurelength-animated-movie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauvre_Pierrot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasmagorie_(1908_film)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_animation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Whitney_(animator)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story

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