GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PALAKKAD
MINIPROJECT REPORT
ROOM AUTOMATION
HEAD OF DEPT: PRESENTED BY:
C.K.BINDHU ASHWIN.M(18040399)
ABHISHEK.U.R(18040828)
KEERTHI.C.R(18040409)
NIVEDYA.R(18046044)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
2019-2020
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE PALAKKAD
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is the bonafied record of the project of "Room Automation Using
IR Sensor" presented by the PROJECT TEAM of second year ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING, Government polytechnic college , Palakkad . In partial fulfillment of
the requirements of the award of DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING under
the directorate of technical Education , Kerala state during the year 2019-2020.
Place:...............
Date:................. Staff-in-charge.
Head of the department
External examiner Int ernal examinar
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE PALAKKAD
THE VISION
“ To be a centre of excellence in engineering education for providing valuable resources
to industry and society.”
THE MISSION
Providing quality education in Engineering and Technology.
Involving in the development of society through technology transfer entrepreneurship
and industry interaction.
To include social responsibility and ethical values among students through value of
education.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGENEERING
THE VISION
“To be a center of academic excellence imparting necessary knowledge and skills in the
field of Electronics to enable students for higher education, employment and
entrepreneurship. ”
THE MISSION
Grooming the students with strong foundations of Electronics engineering and
facilitating them to pursue higher education.
Imparting knowledge and training for current and advanced technology in the field of
Electronics.
Providing facilities to students for familiarizing with employment and entrepreneurship
opportunities.
Acknowledgement
First of all we thank God almighty with whose blessing ; we did the project upto this . The
project being an integral part of curriculum and we would like to thank the people who
extended a helping hand in this venture.
At first we express our heart felt thanks and deep sense of gratitude to Mr.M.Chandrakumar
the principal of Govt. Polytechnic college , for granting the permission to do this project
In this moment we record indebtedness Mrs.C.K.Bindhu (Head of department of electronics
engineering) forall help in providing all facilities to complete the project in time.With deep
respect we express our gratitude to all staff members of department of electronics
engineering for their valuable advise and guidance in presenting the project . We also express
our gratitude to our friends for the complete help and cooperation in each step . Last but not
the least we express our thankfulness and respect to our parents for their encouragement
through out the project .
PROJECT TEAM
ABSTRACT
Automatic Room Lights using Arduino and PIR Sensor, where the lights in the room will
automatically turn ON and OFF by detecting the presence of a human. Such Automatic
Room Lights can be implemented in your garages, staircases, bathrooms, etc. Where we do
not need continuous light but only when we are present.
In today’s busy world, every person wished to reduce human effort. Nowadays Automatic
systems are being preferred over manual system to make life simpler and easier in all
aspects. Operating home appliances become as easy as changing TV channels. Remote
controlled automation uses IR sensors to control home appliances using a TV/DVD/VCD
remote. Home appliances like fan, light, radio, cooler, music system, home theatres etc
can be turned ON/OFF using a remote. Remote controlled home automation is expected
to work in a range of 10 meters without barriers/walls in between. The IR rays
transmitted by the TV remote control will be received by IR receiver installed in the
circuit. A microcontroller accesses the appliances mains and controls the load thereby
controlling it. An LED would display the status of the particular appliance whether the
device is ON or OFF. Remote Controlled home automation is a small step towards
reducing human effort and to use technologies smartly and efficiently to human benefit
.
5SObjectives
SORT
SET IN ORDER
SHINE
STANDARDIZE
SUSTAIN
SORT
Sort means that you remove all items from the workplace that are not needed for
current machine shop activities. This essentially involves segregating items of
immediate use from items that are not needed.
SET IN ORDER
Setting in order whatever has been "sorted" . Labeling and marking down required
items of usage creating designated areas of frequently used tools and arranging
them so that they are easy to find .
SHINE
Cleaning up after the work is over . Putting tools and used materials back in their
designated places , the way they were "Set in order" . Cleaning and sweeping the
workplaces, so as to avoid any hazardous materials spills and other accident at
workplace.
STANDARDIZE
Standardize whatever has been achieved so far using the first three pillars . Making
it a part of the daily routine and setting aside time to sort , and shine repeatedly.
SUSTAIN
Sustaing is maintaining the clean and organized work environment over a long
period of time to enhance producticity.
Once the first two pillars are implemented during the initial sessions of the
laboratory , third to fifth pillars should be made a regular activity before
commencement of any laboratory work and after concluding any days work and
should be monitored. The same criteria can be adopted for any laboratory ,
irrespective of the programme.
INDEX
SL.NO TOPICS PAGE.NO
1.0 INTRODUCTION 01
2.0 LITERATURE AND SUREVEY 02
3.0 COMPONENTS REQUIRED O4
3.1 ARDUINO UNO 04
3.1.1 ARDUINO NANO SPECIFICATIONS 04
3.2 IR SENSORS 06
3.2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF IR SENSOR 07
3.3 RELAY SWITCH 08
3.3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF RELAY 08
4.0 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & BLOCK DIAGRAM 10
4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & DESCRIPTION 10
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING 11
4.3 HARDWARE SETUP 12
5.0 FUTURE SCOPE 12
6.0 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS 13
6.1 ADVANTAGES 13
6.2 APPLICATIONS 13
7.0 CONCLUSION 14
8.0 REFERENCE 14
9.0 APPENDIX 15
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG.NO NAME OF FIGURE PAGE.NO
01 ARDUINO NANO WITH PIN DIAGRAM 05
02 IR SENSOR WITH PARTS 06
03 RELAY DESIGN 08
04 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 10
05 BLOCK DIAGRAM 11
1.INTRODUCTION
Automatic Room Lighting System is a microcontroller based project that automatically turns
on or off the lights in a room. Electricity, being one of the most important resources, must be
utilized carefully. We often forget to switch off Lights or fans when we leave a room. By using
this system, we can intentionally forget about the lights as the system will automatically take
care of them. The digital World we are living in allows us to use different technologies to
automatically perform certain tasks. Such automation is very useful in certain areas like energy
consumption, reducing human efforts, improving standard of Living etc. The project
implemented here is one such project where the Microcontroller based system automatically
controls the room lights. The aim of this project is to automatically turn on or off the lights in a
room by detecting the human movement. We implemented this project using 8051
Microcontroller and two Infrared (IR) sensors. Since the job of the circuit is to turn on the light
when someone enters the room and turn off the light when the last person leaves the room,
the project has to internally count the number of visitors entering and leaving the room.
Hence, the project acts as an Automatic Room Lighting System as well as Bidirectional Visitor
Counter. By this way we can avoid get shocking through the switch.
2.LITERATURE AND SURVEY
It is a survey of existing work which can be taken as a reference for RC-automation. We
surveyed around 11 different articles which can be explained as:
Design & Implementation of Smart House Control Using Lab view: It focuses on how
Computer device that provide with lab view software is the main controller unit for all
systems in the house, but central receiver unit in the house is made using only RF module.
Microcontroller Based Remote Control of Home Appliances: It focuses on development of
microcontroller based IR remote control signal decoder and used Sony IR remote as
Transmitter. But the output of the IR receiver is not very high.
Remote Control of Home Appliances: RC automation allows the user to control the intensity
of the light bulb and also allows the user to regulate the speed of the fan over the internet but
the major drawback is that the appliances are connected to the web of objects and
disconnects when no internet.
RF based Remote Control for Home Electrical Appliances: The RF based wireless remote
control system can change the state of electrical appliances in their on state or off state, it fails
when multiple devices can be control using different receiver with different addressing mode.
Home Appliances Controlled by Infrared Remote Control System: It tells how the receiver
Uses an infrared sensors module for sensing the IR signals from the transmitter section, it fails
when IR beams modulated at the same frequency needs a line of sight for control.
Home Automation Using Remote Control System: Here the home appliances are switched
on/off using IR without actually going near to the switch boards or regulators, it fails when IR
beams modulated at the same frequency needs a line of sight for control.
Electrical appliances in home control through IR Remote: RC-automation provide controls to
the house appliances via any remote control device that is portable in the periphery of the
room but this used Sony IR remote, connected with the AC mains, this may alter main
connections.
Home Automation Using IR (Infrared) Sensor & Arduino-Nano Single Board Microcontroller:
RC automation provides a wireless communication link of the home ROOMAUTOMATION
Appliances to the remote user and provides convenience and easy of work with more cost,
complex circuit, not user friendly.
IR Based Home Appliances Control System: Here the microcontroller stores the bit pattern
of IR receiver and compares with the predefined bit pattern matches act as a
Switch to turn on/off any appliance. The major drawback is that the IR remote works on
different protocol. Each IR remote has its own protocol. Microcontroller stores the bit patterns
for specific buttons of remote.
Remote Control of Home Appliances with Smart Energy Efficient Model Using Android
Application Based on Raspberry Pi Embedded Linux Board: it focuses on system controlling a
remote Home appliance using a "Raspberry pi" card for
receiving commands from an Android application on mobile phone in figure but the system
may not be easy to work with for all people.
Controlling Home Appliances by Using Universal Remote Control System ( IoT and
Bluetooth): The project Home automation system uses IoT, WI-Fi, Bluetooth technology.
system consists of three main components; web server, which presents system core that
controls, and monitors users but if the server goes down the whole system would
Crash.
3.COMPONENTSREQUIRED
3.1 ARDUINO UNO
Arduino Nano is a small board compatible with bread a board which is compatible with AT
Mega328. It has comparable usefulness to the Arduino Uno, however, when it comes to DIP
module package, it works with a Mini-BUS Blink. This Arduino clone board is superbly
compatible with Arduino IDE and cases.
3.1.1ARDUINO NANO SPECIFICATIONS
The Arduino Software (IDE), is used to program Arduino Nano. The Arduino software is an
integrated Development
Environment that is common to all Arduino boards and
runs both online and offline. The detailed specification of the Arduino Nano board
Is as follows:
Microcontroller AT mega328
Operating Voltage (logic level): 5V
Input Voltage (Recommended): 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM Output)
Analog Input Pins: 8
DC Current per I/O Pin: 40mA
Flash Memory 32KB (ATmega328) of which 2KB used boot
Loader SRAM: 2KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM: 1KB (AT mega328)
Clock Speed: 16MHz
Measurements:0.73"x1.70"
FIGURE1: ARDUINO NANO WITH PIN DIAGRAM
3.2 IR SENSOR
An infra red sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called a
passive IR sensor. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiation.
FIGURE2: IR SENSOR WITH PARTS
These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor.
The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR
Photodiode that is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages will change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
3.2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF IR SENSOR
An infrared sensor circuit is one of the basic and popular sensor modules in an electronic
device. This sensor is an a logous to human’s visionary senses, which can be used to detect
obstacles and it is one of the common applications
in real-time. This circuit comprises of the following components
In this project, the transmitter section includes an IR sensor, which transmits continuous IR
rays to be received by an IR receiver module. An IR output terminal of the receiver varies
depending upon its receiving of IR rays. Since this variation
Cannot be an analyzed as such, there for this output can be fed to a comparator circuit. Here
an operational amplifier (op-amp) of LM 339 is used as comparator circuit. When the IR
receiver does not receive a signal, the potential at the inverting input
goes higher than that non-inverting input of the comparator IC
(LM339). Thus the output of the comparator goes low, but the LED does not glow. When the IR
receiver module receives signal to the potential at the inverting input goes low. Thus the
output of the comparator (LM 339) goes high and the LED
starts glowing. Resistor R1(100), R2(10k) and R3(330) are used to ensure that minimum 10m A
current passes through the IR LED Devices like Photodiode and normal LEDs respectively.
Resistor VR2 (preset=5k) is used to adjust the output terminals .Resistor VR1 (preset=10k) is
used to set the sensitivity of the circuit diagram. Read more about IR sensors.
3.3 RELAY SWITCH
A relay is an electromagnetic switch that is used to turn on and turn off a circuit by a low
power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. Them a in operation
of a relay comes in places where only a low-power signal can be used to control a circuit. It is
also used in places where only one signal can be used to control a lot of circuits. The
application of relays started during the invention of telephones. They played an important role
in switching calls in Telephone exchanges. They were also used in long distance telegraphy.
They were used to switch the signal coming from one source to another
destination. After the invention of computers they were also used to perform Boolean and
other logical operations. The high end applications of relays require high power to be driven by
electric motors and soon. Such relays are called contactors.
3.3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF RELAY
The relay function can be better understood by explaining the following diagram given below.
FIGURE3: RELAY DESIGN
The diagram shows an inner section diagram of a relay. An iron core is surrounded by a
control coil. As shown, the power source is given to the electromagnet through a control
switch and through contacts to the load. When current starts flowing through the control coil,
the electromagnet starts energizing and thus in tensifies the magnetic field. Thus the upper
contact arm starts to beat tracted to the lower fixe darm and thus closes the contacts causing
as hort circuit for the power to the load. On the other hand, if the relay was already de-
energized when the contacts were closed, then the contact move oppositely and make an
open circuit .As soon as the coil current is off, the movable armature will be returned by a
force back to its initial position. This force will be almost equal to half the strength of them a
gnetic force. This force is mainly provided by two factors. They are the spring and also gravity.
4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND BLOCKDIAGRAM
4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
FIGURE4: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
According the circuit diagram we are using arduino nano for building room automation. For
that we have connected the arduino to a breadboard. On the breadboard we are connecting
them a in part of our system the IR sensor to the appropriate port of the arduino board. For
controlling a 230v bulb which change its on/off state according to the object in front of IR. This
is a system to control the room light automatically when we enter the room.
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING
FIGURE5: BLOCK DIAGRAM
Whenever an object being placed or came in front of the sensor the sensor will activate
because of the radiation emitted by the sensor is interrupted and this signal given to the
arduino board microcontroller. In which the microcontroller give the power to activate the
relay switch which is on condition thus the bulb
Connected to the relay get on. Whenever the objects leave or not placed or removed in front
of the sensor the sensor activated and give the command to off the switch.
5.FUTURE SCOPE
Voice alarm system can be added to indicate that the room is full and persons can’t enter
inside.
We can increase the maximum number of persons that can be counted by implementing the
external EEPROMIC.
We can send this data to a remote location using a mobile or internet.
We can implement ultrasonic sensor for the distance measuring of the object for controlling
any 230v device.
We can use as spy for object detection in pipe lines and in drynages for any block.
6.ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
6.1ADVANTAGES
The main advantage of this project is that it helps in energy conservation. Because when
there is nobody inside the room then lights are automatically turned off.
Human efforts to count the number of persons are eliminated. Since this project does the
automatic person counting with the help of two sensors installed on the door frame.
6.2APPLICATIONS
Room automation can be used in various rooms like seminar hall, conference hall where the
capacity of the room is limited and should not be exceeded.
“Room Automation” can be used in classrooms, study rooms in colleges. Automatic Room
light Controller project can also be used in our home because many times we come out of our
bedroom or any other room and we forgot to turn off the room light.
The Bidirectional IR can be used in Cinema halls, multiplex malls as well as in temples to
count the number of a person entering inside. So that these places should not get over
crowded to avoid congestion.
7.CONCLUSION
Room automation for the "Home Automation" has advanced scope with limitless applications
in this technology driven world. The system can be made more and more efficient and hand by
make it applicable for varied range of devices. The basic motive of the system is to access the
home appliances smartly and to reduce human efforts. Few suggestions for future research
work on the paper can be like the user to set an on/off timer for home appliances, automatic
lighting etc.
This will be a boon to the disabled persons who needs all-time care from their care taker.
The device aims at the affordability and simplicity to assist paralyzed persons.
8.REFERENCE
ELECTRONICSHUBPROJECTS|TUTORIALS
https://www.electronicshub.org/automatic-room-lighting-system-usingmicrocontroller/
ACAD pub for electronic devices and its designs.
https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-118-21/articles/21d/77.pdf
CIRCUITS TODAY COMPONENTS DETAILS AND EXPERIMENTS
http://www.circuitstoday.com/working-of-relays
Microtronics Technologies “Automatic Room light Controller with Visitor Counter”
https://www.projectsof8051.com/automatic-room-light-controller-with-visitor-counter/
9.APPENDIX
int r=13;
int s=4;
int f=0;
int sf=0;
void setup(){
//put your setup code here, to run once:
Pin Mode(r, OUTPUT);
Digital Write(r, LOW);
Pin Mode(s, INPUT);
Digital Write(s, HIGH);
}
Void loop(){
//put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
if((digital Read(s)==LOW)&&(f==0)&&(sf==0))
{
f=1;
digital Write(r, HIGH);
sf=1;
}
if((digital Read(s)==LOW)&&(f==1)&&(sf==0))
{
f=0;
digital Write(r, LOW);
sf=1;
}
if((digital Read(s)==HIGH))
{
sf=0;
delay(100);
}
}
