ARASWA7 A MAND

WATI VIDYA
VY
PMS

VIVEKANAND NAGAR, SULTANPUR

SESSION 2021-22
Projeet Report
CHEMISTRY
Extraction of essential oils present
in
Saunf (Aniseed, Ajwain, Illaichi)
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mr Krishna Kumar Singh Shikha Verma
S.V.M., SOLTANPUR Class: XII-H (PCM)
Roll No.: 43
S.V.M., SULTANPUR B
CRNUERENENT
indebted and deeply grateful to my
Iam highly
Krishna Kumar Singh for
honourable Chemistry Teacher Mr.
able guidance, supervision & valuable suggestion
providing their
from time to time in carrying out this Investigatory
project on

"Extraction of essential oils present in

Saunf (Aniseed, Ajwain,

laichi"
I express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Girish Dubey

Class Teacher for their support when I

needed & Mr. Ram Singh
useful suggestions regarding my
Principal, Sultanpur for producing
preparation.
I am also thankful to College staff and my friends
Finally,
for rendering help in this direction.

Signature of Student.

(Shikha Verma)
12th H

wwwwwwwwwww
kertilicate
This is to certify that Shikha Verma student of Class 12thH

(Maths Group) Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Sr. Sec. School, Gyankunj,

Vivekanand Nagar, Sultanpur (U.P.) has completed the project on

"Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (Aniseed, Ajwain,

Tllaichi" under my supervision.

This further certifies that she has completed the project

work in appropriate time and this is the result his own investigation

and collection.

Date

Mr. Ram Singh Mr. Krishna Kumar Singh

Principal Chemistry
INTRODUCTION

We are all familiar with the pleasant odours coming out from

lowers, spices and many trees. The essence or aromas of plants are due

to volatile oils present in them. These smelling volatile oils present in

plants are called essential oils. Cinnamon, clove, cumin, eucalyptus,

garlic. jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood, spearmint, thyme,

wintergreen are a few familiar examples of valuable essential oils. The

term "essential oils" literally means "oils derived from the essence of

plants. Essential oils are mainly used for their pleasant odours and

flavors in perfumes and as flavoring agents in foods. Some are used in

medicines (e-g, camphor, wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect

repellants (e-g, citronella).

Chemically essential oils are composed of complex mixtures

of ester, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. The

essentially non-polar compounds and are thus soluble in non-polar solvents

such as petroleum ether, benzene etc. Essential oils may occur in all parts of the
plant, but they are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers.
They are
obtained from the plants by the process of steam distillation and extraction. The

technique of steam distillation permits the separation of volatile components

from non-volatile materials without
raising the temperature of the distillation
above 100° C. Thus steam distillation reduces the risk of
decomposition
of essential oils.
 Experiment
To extract essential oil present in

Ajwain(carom)

Elaichi(cardamom)

Carom essential oil:

Carom seeds are also known as ajwain, Thymol seeds, O

Ajma, Ajmodika and bishops weed. They are thetiny,cute, delicate and

oval shaped herbs with a penetrating fragrance. Carom seed belongs to

the family of cumin and parsley. These seeds have been used since years

as they consists number of medical properties. Because of their strong

aroma, carom seeds are highly used for the Indian culinary.
 Carom seeds are sharp and hot with the
burning taste, that's why
few seeds are
enough to bring the flavor in any Indian recipe. Carom
seeds can be whole or powdered one. It is always advisable to buy whole

carom seeds as they can be easily turned into powder form just by
grinding them in a smooth powder.

USES OFCAROM SEEDS

These seeds are used for the tempering or tadka's in the dishes.

Ajwain has strong, dominant and distinctive taste and flavor, that's why

few seeds are enough to bring exotic fragrance to the vegetarian and

non-veg food.

Ajwain can be used for making pickles as well.

The aroma and unique taste of ajwain is used for making various types of

roti's, parathas, thepla's and so on.

They are specially used in different types of meat, snack recipes and dal

recipes to enhance the flavor.

Soups, stocks and stews can be flavored with few seeds of ajwain.
Ajwain are highly incorporated for making various salad dressings and

Indian bakery items.

Cardamom Essential oil:

Cardamom provides a warming and stimulating tonic .Cardamom is also

an excellent choice for the digestive system. I am sure I don't have to tell

you that Cardamom is greatly admired and extensively used as a

culinary spice all over the world. You can also try a gargle with

Cardamon if you suffer with halitosis (bad breath). Why not try 1 drop

Cardamon and one drop of Peppermint in a small amount of water as an

effective way to freshen your breath!

USES FOR CARDAMOM
Smoothies
Add some cardamom to fruit smoothies to give them an extra edge. It doesn't
matter what flavor the basic smoothie is - in fact, the more exotic the better.

2 Fruit loaves

Ifyou want to jazz up your banana bread or add a bit of life to your tired fruit
loaf recipe, then a touch ofground cardamom will make a world of difference.
Just add the spice when you are mixing in the rest of the dry ingredients and
you will get a lovely warm, rich flavor from the finished loaf.

3 Bread

As with fruit loaves, a sprinkling of cardamom will do wonders for your bread
rolls and loaves. Don't worry about the cardamom turning savory breads into
sweet; the spice will just a hint of warmth to the flavor and you can add as
little or as much as you like, depending on taste.

4 Puddings

Many desserts benefit from the addition of cardamom -rice pudding works
especially well, but you could also try adding a little ground cardamom to ice
cream, set custards, yogurt, and baked fruit.

5 Casseroles
Afew pods added to a casserole dish will give a lamb, chicken or vegetable
casserole an extra zing and makes a great entertaining or moving house meal.
REQUIREMENTS:
Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom lask (500 ml), conical

lask, condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel,

tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carom), Petroleum ether(60-80°C ).

Elaichi(Cardamom).

PROCEDURE:
Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The

apparatus consists ofa steam generator connected to the round bottom

flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a water

condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further attached to a

receiver through an adaptor. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam

generator and start heating to produce steam. In the round bottom flask

take about 75 gm of crushed elaichi. A vigorous current of steam from

steam generator is passed through the round bottom flask. A part of the

steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more and more steam is

passed, the steam volatile components of elaichi pass through the

condenser along with steam. These contents on condensation are
collected in the receiver. The contents in the round bottom
flask may be
heated by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive
condensation of steam.
The process of steam distillation is
continued for about half an hour.
Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20 ml
portions of petroleum ether 3 times. Combine the petroleum ether

extracts in a 250 ml conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous
sodium sulphate. Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate
by careful
distillation in a water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the

distillation flask. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note
the
colour, odour and weight of the essential oil.
OBSERVATIONS:-
Colour Odour of
Name of Item Weight| Initial Weight Weight Percentage
ofbottle of of essential of the theoil
of Item Weight| oil
taken () + essential|oil
essential oil (y/100)100
extracted
oil (y)
(y-x)
100 gm 10gm
1.) Elaichi Colour Elaichi
11.25gm 1.25 gm 1.25 %
-less like
CARDAMOM:| smell.

75 gm 10 gm 1gm 1.33%
Colour
2.) AWAIN 11 gm
-less
Ajwain
like
(CAROM):- smell
Conclusion
"HENCE WE HAVE EXTRACTED EsSENTIAL OLS FROM 75 GM OF
AJWAIN(CAROM) AND
ELAICHI CARDAMOM"

Precautions
I f you accidentally spill essential oils - Clean any spillage with an absorbent

material such as kitchen roll.

f you accidentally get essential oils in your eye -Flush with copious amounts
of MILK for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice
if symptoms persist.
f you accidentally swallow essential oils - Rinse mouth with MILK and seek
medical attention.

Handling Do not eat, drink or smoke when

handling. Respect good personal
hygiene.

Always mix with carrier oil before applying to the skin. Never apply to
inflamed or broken skin.
Do not take internaly. If pregnant seek medical advice before using.
Storoge-Store in a cool, dryplaceawoyfrom heat and direct sunlight. Awoys

use original contoiners. Avoid contact with polished surfoces and plastic.

Keep essentiol oils awoyfrom children and pets