I.

Science and
Technology in
Ancient Times

• Ancient period (estimated 3000 BC to

500 AD) is the start of early civilization
that also gave rise to the major
advancement of science and
technology. These advances also
allowed the civilization to flourish
through establishing better ways of
transportation and navigation,
communication and record keeping,
mass production, security and
protection, as well as health, aesthetics
and architecture, and of living in
general.
 I. Science and
Technology in
Ancient Times

• Science and Technology keeps on

advancing in order to meet the growing
needs of people along these areas. Due
to the constant innovation introduced
by Science and Technology, which has
the end goal of improving lives and
making the work easier, faster and
efficient, our society respond by
changing as well. These changes are
evident as each ancient civilization keep
on creating technology that has been
modified and that is being used today.
I. Science and Technology
in Ancient Times

Examples:
• Ancient Wheel - People from ancient
civilization used animals as means of
transportation. - The invention of ancient
wheel is credited to the Sumerians.
• Paper - Around 3000 B.C., the ancient
Egyptians began writing on a papyrus. - It
is made up from a pith of plant called
Cyperus papyrus. - Before the invention of
papyrus, writing and recordkeeping is
done on stones and tablets
I. Science and Technology
in Ancient Times

• Shadoof - A tool used and invented by

ancient Egyptians to irrigate land. - It is a
hand-operated device used for lifting
water - Its invention introduced the idea of
lifting things using counterweights.
• Antikythera Mechanism - Discovered in
1902 and retrieved from the waters of
Antikythera, Greece. - It is a mechanism
similar to a clock for it has a circular face
and rotating hands. - It is believed that this
mechanism is used to predict astronomical
positions and eclipses.
I. Science and Technology in
Ancient Times

• Aeolipile - It is also known as the Hero’s

engine. - It is a steam-powered turbine
which spins as the water container at its
center is heated. - At first, it doesn’t serve
any practical purpose. It is believed to be
one of the “temple wonders” at that time.
 II. Science and
Technology in
Middle Ages

The start of the Middle Ages was

marred by massive invasions and
migrations. Wars are prevalent during
this time. As such, great technology
was needed in the fields of weaponry,
navigation, food and farm production,
and health.
 II. Science and
Technology in
Middle Ages

The wars have resulted to population

decline. However, in the later part of
this period, there was significant
increase in population. Trade and
commerce among nations increased,
which resulted in greater demands for
transportation technology. The major
advances in scientific and technological
development took place in this period
II. Science and Technology
in Middle Ages
Examples:
• Printing Press - Johann Gutenberg
managed to invent the printing press after
the Chinese invented woodblock printing,
a more efficient method of printing using a
cast type
II. Science and Technology in
Middle Ages
• Telescope - Invented by Galileo Galilei
that can magnify 20 times larger than a
regular glass. - This is used to discover
important astronomical discoveries such as
craters and mountains in moon.
• Compound Microscope - Invented by a
Dutch Zacharias Janssen in 1590’s -
Nowadays, microscope is used in many
scientific studies in the area of medicine,
forensics and genetics.
 II. Science and Technology
in Middle Ages

• Heavy plough - “The heavy plough

turned European agriculture and
economy on its head. The fields with
heavy, fatty soil became those that
gave the greatest yields.” - Prof.
Thomas Andersen - Because of the
invention of heavy plough, northern
Europe saw rapid economic
prosperity.
• Gun powder - Around 850 A.D.,
Chinese alchemists accidentally
invented the gunpowder. - Prior to the
invention of gunpowder, swords and
spears were used in battles and wars.
- The invention of gunpowder has
allowed advanced warfare such as
fiery arrows, cannons, and grenades.
II. Science and Technology in
Middle Ages
• Paper Money - Paper money was first used
by Chinese in 17th century. - Before the
introduction of paper money, merchants
and traders used precious metals such as
gold and silver. - They realized that using
paper money brought advantages
because it is easier to keep and transport.
• Mechanical clock - The development of
mechanical clock helped the people in
accurately keeping the track of time. - The
sophistication of clockwork technology
drastically changed the way of spending
the day and work patterns were
established.
 III. Science and
Technology in
Modern Ages

The booming world population during

the nineteenth century onwards
demanded that more goods be
produced at faster rate. People
needed efficient means of
transportation to trade more goods
and cover a larger distance.
Machines that required animals to
operate must thus be upgraded.
 III. Science and
Technology in
Modern Ages

Faster and easier means to

communicate and compute should be
developed to establish connections
between and among nations. All these
needs resulted in the development of
industries. However, due to massive
industrialization, the modern times again
faced more complicated problems.
Food processing and medicine posed
some of the bigger challenges since
health was of great concern.
III. Science and Technology in
Modern Ages
Examples:
• Pasteurization - Louis Pasteur, a French
biologist, microbiologist and chemist
invented pasteurization, the process of
heating dairy products to kill the harmful
bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. -
Through this process, milk could be stored
and consumed for a longer period. - Other
contributions of Pasteur to Science and
Technology and Medicine included his
works on molecular asymmetry,
fermentation, and vaccination.
III. Science and Technology
in Modern Ages
• Telephone - The more people got
acquainted through trade and discovery,
the more they wanted a way to keep
these links securely and communicate with
each other in real time. - Thus, Alexander
Graham Bell 's telephone development
was one of the most significant
developments at the time. c
III. Science and Technology
in Modern Ages
• Engine powdered airplane - Invented by
Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright. - They
demonstrated that slightly tilted wings are
the key features of a flying aircraft.
• Television - Invented by Scottish engineer
John Logie Baird in 1920s. - British
Broadcasting Corporation used this for its
earliest television programming in 1929. -
This first television is mechanical and not
the same as the television we have
nowadays