Earthquake: STUDETS: Abdusheva Albina Doktyrbek Kamshat

EARTHQUAKE
STUDETS: Abdusheva Albina

Doktyrbek Kamshat
Earthquake – underground
vibrations and tremors as a result of
seismic waves and movements of
THE ORIGIN OF
EARTHQUAKES
certain areas of the earth's crust.

Manifestation: fluctuation of the

earth, formation of cracks,
landslides, mudslides, etc.

Earthquakes occupy the first place

in a number of natural disasters in
terms of human casualties and
damage.

Causes of earthquakes:
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS NATURAL DEEP TECTONIC

PROCESSES (CHANGES) IN THE
FALLING OF COSMIC BODIES EARTH'S CRUST (THE MAIN
REASON!)
COLLAPSES OF UNDERGROUND HIGH-POWER NUCLEAR

VOIDS AND MINES EXPLOSIONS
THE MAIN There is a special school for assessing
PARAMETERS OF magnitudes - the Richter scale. The

strength of the earthquake is estimated in
EARTHQUAKES points (from 1 to 12) according to the
international seismic scale IEC -86
Points are not physical units, but serve for

the convenience of determining the
strength of an earthquake by external signs:
impact on people, objects, buildings,
natural objects
12-point seismic scale
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE
EARTHQUAKE
During earthquakes, windows burst and fly out,
chandeliers swing, cracks appear in the walls, the
smell of gas appears. All this is accompanied by
deafening noise. After 10 to 20 seconds of shaking,
the tremors intensify, resulting in the destruction of
buildings and structures. Only a dozen strong
concussions destroy the entire building. On
average, an earthquake lasts 5 - 20 seconds.
Conventionally , earthquakes are divided into:

*weak (1-4 points)
*strong (5-7 points)
*destructive (8 or more points)
Consequences
Consequences of earthquakes
Natural for cities and Human
consequences: localities: consequences:
Cracks in the soil, soil Residential buildings, In case of strong
tremors, tremors, industrial buildings and earthquakes - injuries
buildings, power lines and (bruises, fractures, cuts,
sinkholes of the Earth's
gas pipelines are
surface and the seabed, squeezing), as well as
collapsing, which leads to
activation of volcanoes, the death of people.
fires and explosions.
the occurrence of People can die by
Accidents may occur at
mudslides, landslides, negligence, due to
enterprises, nuclear
landslides, rockfalls, power plants, and panic, inept assistance
tsunami formation at chemically hazardous (self-help). Many
sea, the release of facilities, breakthroughs people experience
underground gases, of hydroelectric dams, mental shocks and
restless behavior of accidents on transport, disorders, lose their
animals, rivers can life support facilities, ability to work.
change their channels. which can lead to
epidemics
HOW TO ACT DURING AN
EARTHQUAKE: If you are indoors, move to a safe place
immediately. Hide, if possible, under a desk
or dining table. Stand in the opening of the
inner door or in the corner of the room.
Beware of falling debris or heavy furniture.
Force yourself to keep calm and not
Stay away from windows and heavy objects
do anything that can disorganize
(machines, refrigerators) that may tip over or
others (do not shout and do not rush). move from their place.
The general rule is don't run out of the

building. Debris falling near the building
If you are in a tall building, do not rush
is the most dangerous. It is better to
to the stairs or elevator. The exits are
seek salvation where you are, wait for
the end of the earthquake and then likely to be crowded, and the elevators
quietly leave the room, if necessary. are mostly shut down. Seek salvation
wherever you are.
If you are in a non-earthquake-resistant
brick house or other unsafe building,
you may decide that it is better to
Do not be alarmed if the electricity is leave the room than to stay inside. In
turned off or if the alarms of elevators, fire- this case, run out quickly, but carefully,
fighting installations or security systems start avoiding falling bricks, broken wires
ringing, or fire-fighting water sprayers turn and other sources of danger.
on; be prepared to hear the ringing of
breaking dishes, cracking walls, the crash of
falling objects.

If you pass near a tall building, stand in the
doorway toprotect yourself from falling
debris. If you are outdoors, try to get out into
Don't be surprised if you feel new the open space, away from buildings and
tremors. After the first strong push, there power lines. If you are traveling in a car,
may be a temporary lull, and then a calmly stop as far away from tall buildings,
new push. overpasses and bridges as possible. Stay in
Do not use candles, matches, lighters – the car until the vibrations stop.
if gas leaks, an explosion and fire are
possible!
EXCITING FACTS
Almost 80% of all the The largest recorded The largest recorded An undersea
planet's earthquakes earthquake in the earthquake in the earthquake in the
occur along the rim of United States was a world was a magnitude Indian Ocean triggered
the Pacific Ocean, magnitude 9.2 that 9.5 in Chile on May 22, a series of devastating
called the "Ring of struck Prince William 1960. tsunamis on Dec. 26,
Fire"; a region that Sound, Alaska on When the Chilean 2004. The tsunamis
encircles the Pacific March 28, 1964. earthquake occurred in struck the coasts of
Ocean and is home to 1960, seismographs most landmasses
452 volcanoes (over recorded seismic bordering the Indian
75% of the world's waves that traveled Ocean, bringing 100-
active and dormant around the world. foot waves and killing
volcanoes). These seismic waves over 225,000 people in

shook the entire earth 11 countries.
for many days.
CONCLUSION
They can cause huge waves in the ocean called tsunamis.
Movement of tectonic plates has formed large mountain
ranges like the Himalayas and the Andes. Earthquakes can
happen in any kind of weather.

Earthquake: STUDETS: Abdusheva Albina Doktyrbek Kamshat

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Earthquake: STUDETS: Abdusheva Albina Doktyrbek Kamshat

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Earthquake: STUDETS: Abdusheva Albina Doktyrbek Kamshat

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EARTHQUAKE

STUDETS: Abdusheva Albina

Manifestation: fluctuation of the

Earthquakes occupy the first place

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS NATURAL DEEP TECTONIC

COLLAPSES OF UNDERGROUND HIGH-POWER NUCLEAR

PARAMETERS OF magnitudes - the Richter scale. The

Points are not physical units, but serve for

Conventionally , earthquakes are divided into:

The general rule is don't run out of the

You might also like