NORMAL PROCEDURES

CESSNA-172S

REGISTRATION MARKING:

Baa Cessnas
Ahsan M

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 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

NOTE
Visually check airplane for general condition during walk around inspection.
Airplane should be parked in a normal ground attitude to make sure that fuel
drain valves allow for accurate sampling. Use of the refueling steps and assist
handles will simplify access to the upper wing surfaces for visual checks and
refueling operations. In cold weather, remove even small accumulations of frost,
ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces. Also, make sure that control
surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. Prior to flight, check
that pitot heater is warm to touch within 30 seconds with battery and pitot heat
switches on. If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make
sure a flashlight is available.

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 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
1 CABIN
1. Pitot Tube Cover - REMOVE (check for pitot blockage)
2. Aircraft’s documents - CHECKED
3. Garmin G1000 Cockpit Reference Guide - ACCESSIBLE TO PILOT
4. Airplane Weight and Balance - CHECKED
5. Parking Brake - SET
6. Control Wheel Lock – REMOVE
7. MAGNETOS Switch - OFF
8. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2) - OFF
9. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - ON
10. Primary Flight Display (PFD) - CHECK (verify PFD is ON)
11. FUEL QTY (L and R) - CHECK
12. LOW FUEL L and LOW FUEL R Annunciators - CHECK (verify
annunciators are not shown on PFD)
13. OIL PRESSURE Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is shown)
14. LOW VACUUM Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is shown)
15. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1) - ON
16. Forward Avionics Fan - CHECK (verify fan is heard)
17. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1) - OFF
18. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 2) - ON
19. Aft Avionics Fan - CHECK (verify fan is heard)
20. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 2) - OFF
21. PITOT HEAT Switch - ON (carefully check that pitot tube is warm to the
touch within 30 seconds)
22. PITOT HEAT Switch - OFF
23. LOW VOLTS Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is shown)
24. BEACON, NAV, STROB, LANDING and TAXI LIGHTS – ON and check
25. BEACON, NAV, STROB, LANDING and TAXI LIGHTS - OFF
26. Flaps – set FULL
27. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - OFF
28. Elevator Trim Control - TAKEOFF position
29. FUEL SELECTOR Valve - BOTH
30. ALT STATIC AIR Valve - OFF (push full in)
30. Fire Extinguisher - CHECK (verify gage pointer in green arc)
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 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
2. EMPENNAGE
1. Baggage Compartment Door - CHECK (lock with key)
2. Rudder Gust Lock (if installed) - REMOVE
3. Tail Tiedown - DISCONNECT
4. Control Surfaces - CHECK (freedom of movement and security)
5. Elevator Trim Tab - CHECK (security)
6. Antennas - CHECK (security of attachment and general condition)

3. RIGHT WING Trailing Edge

1. Flap - CHECK (security and condition)
2. Aileron - CHECK (freedom of movement and security)

4. RIGHT WING
1. Wing Tiedown - DISCONNECT
2. Main Wheel Tire - CHECK (proper inflation and general condition)
3. Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valves – DRAIN
4. Fuel Quantity - CHECK VISUALLY (for desired level)
5. Fuel Filler Cap - SECURE and VENT CLEAR

5. NOSE
1. Fuel Strainer Quick Drain Valve (located on bottom of fuselage) - DRAIN
2. Engine Oil Dipstick/Filler Cap:
a. Oil level – CHECK (min. 5 quarts. 8 quarts for extended flight.)
b. Dipstick/filler cap – SECURE
3. Engine Cooling Air Inlets - CHECK (clear of obstructions)
4. Propeller and Spinner - CHECK (for nicks and security)
5. Air Filter - CHECK (for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter)
6. Nosewheel Strut and Tire - CHECK (proper inflation of strut and general
condition of tire)
7. Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) - CHECK (verify opening is
clear)

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 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
6. LEFT WING Leading Edge
1. Fuel Tank Vent Opening - CHECK (blockage)
2. Stall Warning Opening - CHECK (blockage)
3. Landing/Taxi Light(s) - CHECK (condition and cleanliness of cover)

7. LEFT WING
1. Wing Tiedown - DISCONNECT
2. Fuel Quantity - CHECK VISUALLY (for desired level)
3. Fuel Filler Cap - SECURE and VENT CLEAR
4. Fuel Tank Sump Quick Drain Valves – DRAIN
5. Main Wheel Tire - CHECK (proper inflation and general condition)

8. LEFT WING Trailing Edge

1. Aileron - CHECK (freedom of movement and security)
2. Flap - CHECK (security and condition)

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 BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
1. Preflight Inspection - COMPLETE
2. Passenger Briefing - COMPLETE
3. Seats and Seat Belts - ADJUST and LOCK (verify inertia reel locking)
4. Brakes - TEST and SET
5. Circuit Breakers - CHECK IN
6. Electrical Equipment - OFF
7. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2) – OFF
CAUTION: THE AVIONICS SWITCH (BUS 1 AND BUS 2) MUST BE OFF
DURING ENGINE START TO PREVENT POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO AVIONICS.
8. FUEL SELECTOR Valve - BOTH
9. FUEL SHUTOFF Valve - ON (push full in)

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 STARTING ENGINE (With Battery)
1. Throttle Control - OPEN 1/4 INCH
2. Mixture Control - IDLE CUTOFF (pull full out)
3. STBY BATT Switch:
a. TEST - (hold for 20 sec., verify that green TEST lamp does not go off)
b. ARM - (verify that PFD comes on)
c. NAV DATA validity – (verify that NAV DATA is valid)
4. Engine Indicating System - CHECK PARAMETERS
(Verify no red X's through ENGINE page indicators)
5. BUS E Volts - CHECK (verify 24 VOLTS minimum shown)
6. M BUS Volts - CHECK (verify 1.5 VOLTS or less shown)
7. BATT S Amps - CHECK (verify discharge shown (negative))
8. STBY BATT Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is shown)
9. Propeller Area - CLEAR
10. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - ON
11. BEACON Light Switch – ON

NOTE: If engine is warm, omit priming procedure steps 12 thru 14 below.

12. FUEL PUMP Switch - ON
13. Mixture Control - SET to FULL RICH (full forward) until stable fuel flow
is indicated (approximately 3 to 5 seconds), then set to IDLE CUTOFF.
14. FUEL PUMP Switch - OFF

15. MAGNETOS Switch - START (release when engine starts)

16. Mixture Control - ADVANCE SMOOTHLY TO RICH (when engine starts)
17. Oil Pressure - CHECK (into the GREEN BAND range in 30 to 60 sec.)
18. AMPS (M BATT and BATT S) - CHECK (verify charge shown (positive))
19. LOW VOLTS Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is not shown)
20. NAV Light Switch - ON as required
21. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2) – ON

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 STARTING ENGINE (External Power)
1. Throttle Control - OPEN 1/4 INCH
2. Mixture Control - IDLE CUTOFF (pull full out)
3. STBY BATT Switch:
a. TEST - (hold for 20 sec., verify that green TEST lamp does not go off)
b. ARM - (verify that PFD comes on)
4. Engine Indicating System - CHECK PARAMETERS
(Verify no red X's through ENGINE page indicators)
5. BUS E Volts - CHECK (verify 24 VOLTS minimum shown)
6. M BUS Volts - CHECK (verify 1.5 VOLTS or less shown)
7. BATT S Amps - CHECK (verify discharge shown (negative))
8. STBY BATT Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is shown)
9. Propeller Area – CLEAR
10. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - OFF
11. Propeller Area - CLEAR
12. External Power - CONNECT (to ground power receptacle)
13. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - ON
14. BEACON Light Switch - ON
15. M BUS VOLTS - CHECK (verify that approximately 28 VOLTS is shown)

NOTE: If engine is warm, omit priming procedure steps 16 thru 18 below.

16. FUEL PUMP Switch - ON
17. Mixture Control - SET to FULL RICH (full forward) until stable fuel flow
is indicated (approximately 3 to 5 seconds), then set to IDLE CUTOFF.
18. FUEL PUMP Switch - OFF

19. MAGNETOS Switch - START (release when engine starts)

20. Mixture Control - ADVANCE SMOOTHLY TO RICH (when engine starts)
21. Oil Pressure - CHECK (into the GREEN BAND range in 30 to 60 sec.)
22. Power - REDUCE TO IDLE
23. External Power - DISCONNECT FROM GROUND POWER
24. Power - INCREASE (to 1500 RPM for several minutes to charge battery)
25. AMPS (M BATT and BATT S) - CHECK (verify charge shown (positive))
26. LOW VOLTS Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is not shown)
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27. Internal Power – CHECK:
a. MASTER Switch (ALT) - OFF
b. TAXI and LAND Light Switches - ON
c. Throttle Control - REDUCE TO IDLE
d. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - ON
e. Throttle Control - INCREASE (to approximately 1500 RPM)
f. M BATT Ammeter - CHECK (verify battery charging, amps positive)
g. LOW VOLTS Annunciator - CHECK (verify annunciator is not shown)
28. NAV Light Switch - ON (as required)
29. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2) – ON

WARNING: IF M BATT AMMETER DOES NOT SHOW POSITIVE CHARGE (+

AMPS), OR LOW VOLTS ANNUNCIATOR DOES NOT GO OFF, REMOVE THE
BATTERY FROM THE AIRPLANE AND SERVICE OR REPLACE THE BATTERY
BEFORE FLIGHT.

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 AFTER ENGINER START UP
1. Parking Brake - SET
2. Pilot and Passenger Seat Backs - MOST UPRIGHT POSITION
3. Seats and Seat Belts - CHECK SECURE
4. Cabin Doors - CLOSED and LOCKED
5. Flight Controls - FREE and CORRECT
6. Flight Instruments (PFD) - CHECK (no red X's)
7. Altimeters:
a. PFD (BARO) - SET
b. Standby Altimeter – SET
c. Autopilot (BARO) - SET
8. ALT SEL - SET
9. Standby Flight Instruments - CHECK
10. Fuel Quantity - CHECK (verify level is correct)
11. Mixture Control - RICH
12. FUEL SELECTOR Valve - SET BOTH
13. Autopilot - ENGAGE
14. Flight Controls - CHECK (verify autopilot can be overpowered in both
pitch and roll axes)
15. A/P TRIM DISC Button - PRESS (verify autopilot disengages and aural
alert is heard)
16. Flaps - Set 0°
17. Elevator Trim Control - SET FOR TAKEOFF
18. COM Frequency(s) - SET
19. NAV Frequency(s) - SET
20. FMS/GPS Flight Plan - AS DESIRED
21. XPDR – SET
22. CDI Softkey - SELECT NAV SOURCE

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 ENGINE RUN UP
1. Engine Instruments – CHECK within limits
2. Throttle Control - 1800 RPM
a. MAGNETOS Switch - CHECK (RPM drop should not exceed 175 RPM
on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between magnetos)
b. VAC Indicator - CHECK
c. Engine Indicators - CHECK
d. Ammeters and Voltmeters - CHECK
3. Annunciators - CHECK (verify no annunciators are shown)
4. Throttle Control - CHECK IDLE, 1000 RPM or LESS
5. Throttle Control - 1100 RPM
6. Throttle Control Friction Lock - ADJUST

TAXIING
1. Taxi lights – ON
2. Parking Brake – OFF
3. Flight Time Chronometer - SET
4. Brakes – TEST
5. Flight Instruments – CHECK
6. Departure Briefing – COMPLIETED

BEFORE TAKEOFF

1.
2. CABIN PWR 12V Switch - OFF
3. Wing Flaps - UP - 10° (10° preferred)
4. Taxi light - OFF
5. STROBE Light Switch - ON
6. Landing Light - ON
7. Cabin Windows - CLOSED and LOCKED
8. Traffic on final approach and wind - CHECK
9. Brakes – RELEASE
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 NORMAL TAKE OFF
1. PITOT heat – as required
Wing Flaps - UP - 10° (10° preferred)
2. Throttle Control - FULL (push full in)
3. Mixture Control - RICH
4. Elevator Control - LIFT NOSEWHEEL AT 55 KIAS
5. Climb Airspeed - 70 - 80 KIAS

AFTER TAKE OFF

At 300 ft AGL:
1. Wing Flaps - UP
2. Landing Light - OFF

SHORT FIELD TAKE OFF

1. Wing Flaps - 10°
2. Brakes - APPLY
3. Throttle Control - FULL (push full in)
4. Mixture Control - RICH
5. Brakes - RELEASE
6. Elevator Control - SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
7. Climb Airspeed - 56 KIAS (until all obstacles are cleared)
8. Wing Flaps - RETRACT SLOWLY (when airspeed is more than 60 KIAS)

ENROUTE CLIMB
1. Airspeed - 70 - 85 KIAS
2. Throttle Control - FULL (push full in)
3. Mixture Control - RICH (above 3000 feet pressure altitude, lean for
maximum RPM)

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 CRUISE
1. Power - 2100 - 2700 RPM (no more than 75% power recommended)
2. Elevator Trim Control - ADJUST
3. Mixture Control - LEAN (for desired performance or economy)
4. FMS/GPS - REVIEW and BRIEF (OBS/SUSP softkey operation for holding
pattern procedure (IFR))

DESCENT
1. Power - AS DESIRED
2. Mixture - ADJUST (if necessary to make engine run smoothly)
3. Altimeters:
a. PFD (BARO) - SET
b. Standby Altimeter - SET
4. ALT SEL - SET
5. CDI Softkey - SELECT NAV SOURCE
6. FMS/GPS - REVIEW and BRIEF (OBS/SUSP softkey operation for holding
pattern procedure (IFR))

APPROACH FOR LANDING

(On downwind leg, abeam)
1. Pilot and Passenger Seat Backs - MOST UPRIGHT POSITION
2. Seats and Seat Belts - SECURED and LOCKED
3. FUEL SELECTOR Valve - BOTH
4. Mixture Control - RICH
5. LAND Light Switch - ON
6. Autopilot - OFF
7. CABIN PWR 12V Switch – OFF
8. Approach briefing - Completed

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 APPROACH FOR LANDING
(On base leg)
1. Airspeed - 75 - 85 KIAS (recommended)
2. Wing Flaps - 10° (UP - 10° below 110 KIAS)

ON FINAL for NORMAL LANDING

1. Airspeed - 65 - 75 KIAS (flaps UP)
Airspeed - 60 - 70 KIAS (Flaps FULL, 10° - FULL below 85 KIAS)
2. Elevator Trim Control - ADJUST
3. Parking brake - OFF
4. Touchdown - MAIN WHEELS FIRST
5. Landing Roll - LOWER NOSEWHEEL GENTLY
6. Braking - MINIMUM REQUIRED

SHORT FIELD LANDING

1. Airspeed - 65 - 75 KIAS (Flaps UP)
2. Wing Flaps - FULL
3. Airspeed - 61 KIAS (until flare)
4. Elevator Trim Control - ADJUST
5. Power - REDUCE TO IDLE (as obstacle is cleared)
6. Touchdown - MAIN WHEELS FIRST
7. Brakes - APPLY HEAVILY
8. Wing Flaps - UP

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 BALKED LANDING
1. Throttle Control - FULL (push full in)
2. Wing Flaps - RETRACT to 20°
3. Climb Speed - 60 KIAS
4. Wing Flaps - 10° (as obstacle is cleared), then UP (after reaching a safe
altitude and 65 KIAS)

AFTER LANDING
1. Vacate runway – as soon as possible
2. Wing Flaps – UP
3. Strobe lights – OFF
4. Landing light – OFF
5. Taxi light – ON
6. PITOT heat - OFF

SECURING AIRPLANE
1. Parking Brake - SET
2. Throttle Control - IDLE (pull full out)
3. Electrical Equipment - OFF
4. Taxi light – OFF
5. NAV Light Switch - OFF
6. AVIONICS Switch (BUS 1 and BUS 2) - OFF
7. Mixture Control - IDLE CUTOFF (pull full out)
8. MAGNETOS Switch - OFF
9. BEACON Light Switch – OFF
10. MASTER Switch (ALT and BAT) - OFF
11. STBY BATT Switch - OFF
12. Control Lock - INSTALL
13. FUEL SELECTOR Valve - LEFT or RIGHT (to prevent crossfeeding
between tanks)

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