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Grade 12 Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship LESSON 1: Social Science Perspective

The document discusses community from social science perspectives. It examines how communities have evolved over time from hunter-gatherer societies in the Paleolithic age to more advanced agricultural societies in the Neolithic age. It also analyzes how sociology views community through lenses like social stratification, class, mobility, religion, and deviance. Sociology categorizes individuals and groups into different strata based on shared characteristics like work, wealth, and wage to study society.

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270 views5 pages

Grade 12 Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship LESSON 1: Social Science Perspective

The document discusses community from social science perspectives. It examines how communities have evolved over time from hunter-gatherer societies in the Paleolithic age to more advanced agricultural societies in the Neolithic age. It also analyzes how sociology views community through lenses like social stratification, class, mobility, religion, and deviance. Sociology categorizes individuals and groups into different strata based on shared characteristics like work, wealth, and wage to study society.

Uploaded by

Regine Disimulacion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRADE 12 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND

CITIZENSHIP

LESSON 1: Social Science Perspective

"A community is like a ship; everyone ought to be prepared to take the


helm." - Henrick Ibsen

Fundamental Queries:

 What are the various perspectives about the idea of a community


in various social science?
 How is the community viewed in various epistemological and
ontological foundations?

Introduction

The social sciences are regarded simply as the study of people and
societies. Throughout history, social sciences concentrated on the
factors that shape and dictated of the course of our civilization. A study
in social sciences demands a deeper understanding of people's
behaviors and processes in relation to the scheme of societal order.
Different branches of the field correspond to a specific value of human
processes in varied degrees of scope alongside their inherent
limitations. A more holistic view is needed for us to study this immense
topic.

Anthropological Perspective

Communities are the driving force for civilizations. Human evolution


itself came from the mold of these evolutionary shifts and has
drastically accelerated human development. Renowned naturalist
Charles Darwin's discovery of human evolution through natural
selection highlights the idea that development stemmed from the
ability of a certain species to adapt and therefore survive its
environment. This shattered the long-established notion that species
retain their characteristics through the course of time. Darwin's
discovery overturned the commonly held logic and has changed the
way we view not only human development but also other ideas.

Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) -Hunter Gatherers

Around 2.5 million years ago, our earliest human ancestors survived as
huster-gatherers during this era. Through sheer human ingenuity, the
earliest men crafted tools from rocks and other materials they could
find. These tools were used basically for cutting and chopping.

Human development was marked by the development of their tools,


which started with the old stone tool industry which is the earliest
known period where men first attained such feats of craftsmanship.
Moving on, at around 1.6 million years ago, humans started to slowly
improved their tools as they had more robust construction and are
more symmetrical, marking the Acheulean tradition. This also signifies
the earliest period where humans exhibit a form of communal
behavior. The formation of these roles emphasized the need for the
earliest humans to form relationship among themselves to improve
their chances of survival.

Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) Horticultural and Agricultural

The Mesolithic Age is arguably the turning point of human evolution. It


was during this time that hunter’s gatherers were having during this
time that hunter-gatherers were having a less vital communal function.
This was because during this time, due to the changing environment
they were in, humans started to cultivate more sustainable sources of
food. They cultivated plants ang them later, they formed an agricultural
society. Many of our earliest ancestors opted to settle near bodies of
water because fish was more abundant and easier to catch.

Having a less nomadic and sustainable way to find food, humans in this
period finally found a way on how to provide food for themselves, thus
causing the creation og more populous communes.

Neolithic Age-Agrarian

In this age, communes were more efficient than in the previous two
ages. Herding was added to agriculture as their main sources of food.
Having evolve from hunting and gathering, herding was the start of a
more complex society moving away from foraging as the commune's
primary task. It was also in this period of development where humans
evolved culturally.

Agriculture was scaled down during this period as more efficient ways
of farming were developed. Humans developed tools using sturdier
materials such as metals, which they developed later as farming
equipment. As the knowledge from thousands of years contributed to
more optimum techniques of cultivating the land, they also developed
water irrigation.

Social Perspective

Sociology is a branch of social science that analyses the history,


evolution, structure, and functions of societies. Sociology is employed
in observing the community in a more sociological perspective, by
focusing on the subject across agencies, from the individual (micro
level) to a larger and broader subject (macro level) which includes
institutions and other groups. The tools for studying societies vary from
direct participation or more empirical bases to critical analogies of
social phenomena. In traditional study of sociology, the focus of the
study falls within these topics.

1. Social stratification

2. Social class

3. Social mobility

4. Religion

5. Sexuality

6. Deviance

Social Stratification

To study society, a scholar needs to have a cluster of identifiable traits


to distinguish individuals and groups from one another. To do this,
social scientists use social stratification to delineate subjects. Based on
the individual or group's shares characteristics, they identify individuals
or groups as cohort’s sharing common experiences. Such
categorizations must be based on work, wealth, or wage. The resulting
classification usually will split subjects into lower class, middle class,
and upper class identify the various strata within societies.

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