Queueing Models 4.

31

Model III (M/M/1) : (K/FIFO)

1) Server Utilization

1
2) P0 k 1
1
3) 1 P0 (effective arrival rate)
k 1
k 1
4) Ls k 1
1 1

5) Lq Ls

Ls
6) Ws

Lq
7) Wq
k
8) P a customer turned away Pk P0

Problem 4.11:
The local one-person barber shop can accommodate a maximum
of 5 people at a time (4 waiting and 1 getting hair-cut).
Customers arrive according to a Poisson distribution with mean
5 per hour. The barber cuts hair at an average rate of 4/hr
(exponential service time) (N/D 2014)

(i) What percentage of time is the barber idle?

Solution:
 4.32 Probability and Queueing Theory

-III (M/M/1) : (k
Arrival Rate:

5 1
5 per hr per min per min
60 12
Service Rate:

4 1
4 per hr per min per min
60 15
k 5 (System Capacity)

Server Utilization:

1 / 12 15 5
1.25
1 / 15 12 4

1 1 1.25 0.25
P0 k 1 6
0.089
1 1 1.25 2.815

1
1 P0 1 0.089 0.061
15
i)
P the barber idle P0 0.089
The percentage value of barber idle 0.089 100

8.9 9%

ii) Fraction of the potential customers turned away:

k
P a custom turnes away P0
5
1.25 0.089 0.27
 Queueing Models 4. 33

iii) Expected number of customers waiting for a hair-cut:

We have to find Lq .
k 1
( k 1)
Ls k 1
1 1
6
1.25 6 1.25
6
1 1.25 1 1.25
5 8.132

Ls 3.132

0.061
Lq Ls 3.132
1 / 15
3.132 0.915

Lq 2.217

iv) Customer waiting time in the shop:

Ls 3.132
Ws 51.34 mins
0.061

Problem 4.12:
Patients arrive at a clinic according to Poisson distribution at the
rate of 30 patients per hour. The waiting room does not
accommodate more than 14 patients. Examination time per
patient is exponential with a mean rate of 20 per hour. (1) Find
the effective arrival rate at the clinic (2) What is the probability
that an arriving patient will not wait? (3) What is the expected
waiting time until a patient is discharged from the clinic?
(N/D 2015),(A/M 2018)

Solution:
4.34 Probability and Queueing Theory

-III (M/M/1) : (k
Arrival Rate:

30 1
30 per hr per min per min
60 2

Service Rate:

20 1
20 per hr per min per min
60 3
k 14 1 15 (14 waiting and 1 getting service)

Server Utilization:

1/ 2 3
1.5
1/ 3 2

1 1 1.5
P0 k 1
0.00076 0.001
1 1 (1.5)16
1
1 P0 1 0.001 0.333
3
(1) Effective Arrival:

0.333 per min

(2) Probability that an arriving patient will not wait:

P a patient will not wait P0 0.001

(3) Expected waiting time of a customer in the clinic:

We have to find Ws .
 Queueing Models 4. 35

k 1
(k 1)
But Ls k 1
1 1
16
1.5 16 1.5
16
1 1.5 1 1.5
3 16.02 13.02
Ls 13.02
Ws 39 mins
0.333

Problem 4.13:
Trains arrive at the yard every 15 minutes and the service time is
33 minutes. If the line capacity of the yard is limited to 5 trains,
find the probability that the yard is empty and the average
number of trains in the system, given that the inter arrival time
and service time are following exponential distribution.
(M/J 2012)

Solution:
-III (M/M/1) : (k

1
Arrival Rate: 15 mins per min
15

1
Service Rate: 33 mins per min
33
k 5 (System Capacity)

1/ 5 33 11
Server Utilization: 2.2
1/ 33 15 5

1 1 2.2
P0 k 1 6
0.011
1 1 2.2
 4.36 Probability and Queueing Theory

1
1 P0 1 0.011 0.03
33
i) Probability that the yard is empty:

P yard is empty P0 0.011

ii) Average number of trains in the system:

k 1
(k 1)
Ls k 1
1 1
6
2.2 6 2.2
6
1.833 6.053 4.22
1 2.2 1 2.2
Problem 4.14:
Customers arrive at a one window drive-in bank according to
Poisson distribution with mean 10 per hour. Service time per
customer is exponential with mean 5 minutes. The space is front
of window, including that for the serviced car can accommodate
a maximum of three cars. Others cars can wait outside this space.
(A/M 2011)

(1) What is the probability that an arriving customer can drive

(2) How long is an arriving customer expected to wait before

Solution:
-III (M/M/1) : (k

10 1
Arrival Rate: 10 per hr per min per min
60 6
 Queueing Models 4. 37

1
Service Rate: 5 mins per min
5
k 3 (System Capacity)

1/ 6 5
Server Utilization: 0.83
1/ 5 6

1 1 0.83
P0 k 1 4
0.3236
1 1 0.83

1
1 P0 1 0.3236 0.1353
5
(1) Probability that an arriving customer can drive directly
to the space in front of the window:

P0 0.3236

(2) Expected waiting time of a customer in the queue:

We have to find Wq .

(k 1) k 1
Ls k 1
1 1
4
0.83 4 0.83
4
4.8824 3.6131 1.2693
1 0.83 1 0.83

0.1353
Lq Ls 1.2693 0.5928
1/ 5
Lq 0.5928
Wq 4.3814
0.1353
4.38 Probability and Queueing Theory

Problem 4.15:
Consider a single server queueing system with Poisson input,
exponential service times. Suppose the mean arrival rate is 3
calling units per hour, the expected service time is 0.25 hours
and the maximum permissible number calling units in the system
is two. Find the steady state probability distribution of the
number of calling units in the system and the expected number
of calling units in the system. (N/D 2013),(N/D 2017)

Solution:
-III (M/M/1) : (k
Arrival Rate:
3 1
3 per hr per min per min
60 20

Service Rate:
1
0.25 hrs per hr
0.25

1 1
per min per min
0.25 60 15
k 2 (System Capacity)

Server Utilization:

1 / 20 15 3
0.75
1 / 15 20 4

1 1 0.75
P0 k 1 3
0.433
1 1 0.75

1
1 P0 1 0.433 0.038
15
 Queueing Models 4. 39

i) Steady state probability distribution of the number of

n n
Pn P0 0.75 0.433

ii) Expected number of calling units in the system:

We have to Ls .
k 1
(k 1)
Ls k 1
1 1
3
0.75 3 0.75
3
3 2.189 0.81
1 0.75 1 0.75

Problem 4.16:
A one-person barber shop has 6 chairs to accommodate people
waiting for a haircut. Assume that customers who arrive when all
the 6 chairs are full leave without entering the barber shop.
Customers arrive at the average rate of 3 per hour and spend an
average of 15 min in

a) What is the probability that a customer can get directly into

b) What is the expected number of customers waiting for a

Solution:
-III (M/M/1) : (k
4.40 Probability and Queueing Theory

Arrival Rate:

3 1
3 per hr per min per min
60 20

Service Rate:
1
15 min per min
15

k 6 1 7 (6 waiting and 1 getting service)

Server Utilization:

1 / 20 15 3
0.75
1 / 15 20 4

1 1 0.75
P0 k 1 8
0.278
1 1 0.75

1
1 P0 1 0.278 0.048
15
a) Probability that a customer can get directly into the

P0 0.278

b) Expected number of customers waiting for haircut:

We have to find Lq .
k 1
(k 1)
Ls k 1
1 1
8
0.75 8 0.75
8
3 0.89 2.11
1 0.75 1 0.75
 Queueing Models 4. 41

0.048
Lq Ls 2.11 2.11 0.72 1.39
1 / 15
c) Expected waiting time of a customer in the shop:
Ls 2.11
Ws 43.95 44 mins
0.048

d) Fraction of potential customers turned away:

k
P a customer turnes away P0
7
0.75 0.278 0.037

Problem 4.17:
A car park contains 5 cars. The arrival of cars is Poisson at a
mean rate 10 per hour. The length of time each car spends in the
car park has negative exponential distribution with mean of 2
min. How many cars are in the car park on an average and what
is the probability of a newly arriving customer finding the car
park full and leaving to park his car elsewhere.
Solution:
The -III (M/M/1) : (k
Arrival Rate:
10 1
10 per hr per min per min
60 6

Service Rate:
1
2 min per min
2

k 5 (System Capacity)
4.42 Probability and Queueing Theory

Server Utilization:

1/ 6 2 1
0.33
1/ 2 6 3

1 1 0.33
P0 k 1 6
0.668
1 1 0.33

1
1 P0 1 0.668 0.166
2
i) Average number of cars in the park:
k 1
(k 1)
Ls k 1
1 1
6
0.33 6 0.33
6
0.4925 0.0078 0.4847
1 0.33 1 0.33

ii) A customer turned away:

k
P a customer turnes away P0
5
0.33 0.668 0.0027