DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

(DIASS)
Week 1-5
Let’s Begin

Welcome to a new stage of your journey as a Senior High School Student!

Your subject in this module is Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (DIASS)
which focuses on the practical application of the different theories and ideas, methodologies and
principles from the social sciences. These include its major disciplines namely Psychology, History,
Anthropology, Economics, Sociology. Geography, and Demography.
This module is intended to assist you in your understanding about the society and its different
field of studies such as the pure social sciences and applied social sciences. These set of materials
will help you:
 enhance your understanding about the society you live in and the different theories and
principles to be learned from the social sciences including psychology, sociology, history,
geography, demography, political science and others.
 engage in an interplay with print and non-print materials;
 develop your critical thinking skills;
 enrich your information management skills;
 expose you to a balanced perspective on the society and its different processes

In this module you will learn to realize how people create and maintain better social relationships
through effective communication skills. In the field of social work where service to people is the
center, good communication skills is important. Aside from communication, counseling is also an
important element in interacting with people in the field of social work. The quality of services of social
work practitioners depends much on good communication skills and counseling services. These three
disciplines play hand in hand or working together to better address problems in the society.
Also in this module you will discover the different variety of communication techniques and skills
commonly used in the field of social work and counseling that bring positive outcomes. This will help
you explore and experience society through social sciences theories and methodologies in real-life
settings.

Your Targets

After going through the module, you are expected to:

1. clarify the relationships between pure social sciences and applied social sciences;
2. cite differences among the applied social sciences;
3. identify the goals and scope of counselling;
4. demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counselling;
5. discuss the core values of counselling;
6. identify specific work areas in which counselors work;

Keep This Is In Mind

Pure Social Science

Welcome to Lesson 1! Here you will explore on the nature of Social Sciences and how does it differ
with the Applied Social Sciences. This lesson explains the nature of social sciences and its different
disciplines. In this lesson you will be dealing on questions such as:
1.What are the main concerns of Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences?
2.How do social scientists and applied study society?
Defining Pure Social Sciences
Social Science is a field of knowledge which aims in predicting and explaining human behavior.
Humanities seeks to understand human reactions to events and the meanings impose on experience
as a function of culture, historical era and Life History.
Natural Sciences aims to predict natural phenomena and its studies are based on experimentally
controlled existence.
Social Sciences explore the historical, cultural, sociological, psychological, and the political forces
that shape the actions of individuals and their impact on society. The different disciplines under social
sciences all help us in providing better understanding and appreciation of the complex issues that we
face society. Take a look in the diagram below

In the field of Pure social sciences, we consider in the study the different disciplines as we face the
different issues we try to solve in the society. For example, the problem of poverty, we consider these
disciplines as to how they see the problem. How does it exist? And why poverty continue to exist? In
the field of Economics, perhaps you could say that it exists because economically there is scarce
resources and that goods and services are priced high and some people cannot attend or meet these
needs and also some are underemployed or unemployed. People who study to solve social problems
are called social scientist. In their study, they solve these social problems systematically in a
process called scientific method.

Scientific method refers to standardized ways of techniques for building scientific knowledge
systematically such as how to interpret and generalize results which start from identifying problems
and ends with conclusions and recommendations.

Steps in Scientific Method:

1. Defining the problem
2. Reviewing the related Literature
3. Forming Hypothesis
4. Collecting and Analyzing Data
5. Drawing Conclusions and Recommendation
 Applied Social Sciences

Defining the Applied Social Sciences

To trace the history of Applied Social Sciences, this began as a result of the reaction during
late 1990’s when the different disciplines of social sciences, the history, psychology history, political
science, demography and others were seen as highly segmented or divided. Scholars argued that
these disciplines should work together to solve social problems. This approach of working together,
like combining the different disciplines in solving different social problems became the focus of the
applied social sciences

Applied Social Sciences focus on the use and application of the different concepts, theoretical
models, theories from Pure Social Sciences to help understand people and the society including the
different problems and issues it faces.

Applied Social Scientists can use his/her training in different work settings and use the different
theories in analyzing social problems and help to solve these.

Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences

1. Counseling is a field/discipline of applied social sciences which provides guidance, help and
support to individuals who experience a diverse set of problems in their lives. In this discipline you
can learn about how important it is to listen to some problems of other people and provide guidance
to them to help them solve their own problems.
2. Social Work is another professional activity of the applied social sciences. Here practitioners or
those who practice a certain work, help individuals and families to improve their collective being. In
the succeeding lessons, you will surely learn about this discipline.
3. Communication Studies provide adequate training for careers in the field of journalism and mass
communication. If it happened you see news in TV, those people who work to provide us information
through any media or means fall in this discipline. Good communication skills are also important in
counseling as well as in social work.
Remember that through the application of good journalism together with the correct knowledge
of the different disciplines in the social sciences, applied social scientists have enough skills to be
able to write, produce, report and deliver news accurately and creatively to the viewing public.

Counseling

The Discipline of Counseling

Counselling profession is a helping relationship. A process in which the counselor assists

the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and to help him/her makes positive choices
and decisions. It is a learning-oriented process, which occurs usually in an interactive relationship,
with the aim of helping a person learn more about the self, and to use such understanding to enable
the person to become an effective member of society. Counselling is a process by means of which
the helper expresses care and concern towards the person with a problem, and facilitates that
person's personal growth and brings about change through self-knowledge

Goals of Counseling

Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a need. This
relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve more than two people.
Here are the five commonly named goals of counseling:
1. Facilitating behavior change
2. Improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships.
3. Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope.
4. Promoting the decision-making process and facilitating client potential.
5. Development.

Source: “What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation,

accessed January 16, 2020,
www.owlcation.com/social-science/What -are-
the-goals-of-counseling

Principles of Counseling

Counseling is a long-term process and consists of professional communication. These are the
principles of counseling:

1. Principle of acceptance.
Accept the patient with his physical, psychological, social, economic and cultural conditions.
2. Principal of communication
Communication should be verbal as well as non-verbal and should be skillful.
3. Principle of empathy
Instead of showing sympathy put yourself in patient’s shoes and then give reflections
accordingly.
4. Principle of non-judge
Mental attitude. Do not criticize or comment negatively regarding patient’s complaints.
5. Principle of confidentiality
Always keep the patient’s name and the problem strictly secrete and assure the patient about
the same.
6. Principle of individuality
Treat each and every patient as unique and respect his problem as well.
7. Principle of non-emotional involvement.
Do not get emotionally involved with the patient and avoid getting carried away with his
feelings
Core Values of Counseling

Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the counselee. Here are the
core values of counseling:

1. Respect for human dignity refers to the unconditional positive regard, compassion, non-
judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.
2. Partnership refers to the support on integrated healing, integrity, sensitivity and openness.
3. Autonomy refers to the respect for confidentiality, trust, ensuring a safe environment and no
imposition of advices.
4. Responsible caring refers to respecting the potentials of every human being to change and
to continue learning.
5. Personal integrity refers to the reflection of honesty and truthfulness.
6. Social justice refers to being accepting and respectful of the diversity of clients

Professionals and Practitioners

in Counseling
Now that you know already the definitions, goals, scopes, core values and principles of counseling,
let us go further, this time let me introduce to you the professionals and practitioners of counseling.

Counseling profession is very challenging, the person must acquire a counseling style
tailored to their own personality by familiarizing themselves the different approaches in counseling. To
be qualified in counseling profession he/she must study masters or doctoral degree and pass the
licensure exam. A counselor must have personal qualities like: self-awareness and understanding,
caring attitude, sensitivity, open-mindedness and objectivity plus accepting personal congruence. A
professional counselor must have the ability to listen, convey understanding without judgment, ability
to be sensitive, empathic, patient and the ability to convey to the client that the counselor values the
client’s experiences. Moreover, conveys the belief that the client is capable, trustworthy, respectable,
worthy and dependable.

Republic Act 9258, an act professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling adheres
counseling practitioners to abide the code of ethics in this profession, thus a counselor must uphold
professional responsibility, counseling relationship, dimension of confidentiality, ethical issues in a
multicultural perspective, ethical issues in the assessment process.

With this competence, counselors may work in hospitals, correctional and prison facilities,
rehabilitation centers, retail business, educational system, career centers, nonprofit or social services
agencies, religious institution, private and public practice as well as in a weight loss camp.

An effective counselor must have an understanding and awareness of systematic theories that
guide professional practice, sufficient encounter and understanding with human beings furthermore,
sufficient human experience and awareness of one self’s strength, limitations and values.

Roles of the Counselors

Counselors offer guidance to individuals, couples, families and groups who are dealing with
issues that affect their mental health and well-being. Many counselors approach their work
holistically, using a “wellness” model which highlights and encourages client’s strengths. On the job
counselors:

1. Work with individuals, groups and communities to improve mental health.

2. Encourage clients to discuss emotions and experiences.
3. Examine issues including substance abuse, aging, bullying, anger management, careers,
depression, relationships, LGBTQ issues, self-image, stress and suicide.
4. Work with families.
5. Help client’s define goals, plan action and gain insight.
6. Develop therapeutical processes.
7. Refer clients to psychologists and other services.
8. Take a holistic approach to mental health care.

Source: “Counseling Job Description: What You’ll

Do,” All Psychology Schools, accessed January
16, 2020,www.allpsychologyschools.com

Functions of Counseling

Counselors work in diverse community settings designed to provide a variety of counseling,

rehabilitation and support services. Their duties vary greatly depending on their specialty which is
determined by the setting in which they work and the population they serve. Counselors are
challenged:
1. with children, adolescents and adults that have multiple issues such as mental health
disorders
2. to provide appropriate counseling and support
3. to assist students of all levels
4. to promote the academic, career, personal and social development of children and youth
5. to help students evaluate their abilities, interests, talents and personalities to develop
realistic academic and career goals
6. to operate career information centers and career education programs
7. to help students understand and deal with social, behavioral and personal development

Source: “Counselors -What They Do”, Student

Scholarhips Org, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.studentsscholarship.org

Competencies of Counseling

Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment, diagnosis and
counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and psychological problems. They help people
with relationship issues, family problems, job stress, mental health disorders such as depression and
anxiety and many other challenging problems that can impact feelings of well-being and happiness.
To be effective in their roles, counselors should enjoy helping others and possess specific attributes
and skills. Here are the competencies of counselors:

1. Communication skills
Effective counselors should have excellent communication skills before embarking on a
counseling career. Counselors need to have a natural ability to listen and be able clearly explain their
ideas and thoughts to others.

2. Acceptance
Counselors must be able to “start where the client is at.” This phrase is often used in
counseling to describe the ability to relate to clients with an open, nonjudgmental attitude-accepting
the client for who she is and her current situation.

3. Empathy
Counselors help people through some of the most difficult and stressful times of their lives.
They must be able to display empathy-the ability to feel what another person is feeling.

4. Problem-Solving skills
Counselors must have excellent problem-solving skills to be able to help their clients identify
and make changes to negative thought patterns and other harmful behaviors that might be
contributing to their issues.

5. Rapport-Building skills
Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help establish rapport quickly
with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to clients and
be able to cultivate trust.

6. Flexibility
Counselors must have the ability to adapt and change the way they respond to meet their
client’s needs.

7. Self-Awareness
 Counselors need to have the ability to look within and identify their own unmet psychological
needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desires to be professionally competent.

8. Multicultural Competency
Counselors help people from all walks of life. They must display multicultural competency and
adopt a multicultural worldview.
Source:”Top Eight Attributes of an Effective
Counselor,“Hearst Newspaper,LLC, accessed
January 16, 2020, www.work.chron.com

Specific Work Areas of Counselors

The following places of employment offer work opportunities for someone with a counseling
degree:

1. Hospitals - Counselors provide mental health evaluations, some counselors are hired to
assist patients overcome various psychological and behavioral issues.

2. Impatient or Outpatient Detoxification Centers - Counselors may also serve as detox

specialists or crisis workers within detoxification center. Counselors are hired to work in:
2.1. Impatient facilities hire counselors to assist with 24-hour care of high-risk patients
battling substance abuse.
2.2. Outpatient facilities hire counselors to provide treatment during the day, while
patients are allowed to return to their homes at night.

3. Mental Health Facilities & Agencies - Counselors provide one-on-one treatment or holding
group therapy sessions. Community counselors are hired at localized mental health agencies to
assist a local population, interact with community leaders, and bridge the gap between support
services found in surrounding areas.

4. Residential Care Facilities - A residential care facility provides counseling services to

people living in a temporary environment that requires continuous supervision. This may include
facilities that house troubled or at-risk youths, autistic children, or people with mental or physical
disabilities.

5. Halfway Houses - Halfway houses, also known as transitional housing facilities and
recovery houses, hire rehabilitation and substance abuse counselors to guide patients or residents in
need of help transitioning back to a societal environment, their family, their community, and/or
entering the workforce.

6. Geriatric-Related Facilities - Counselors, especially geriatric counselors, are often

employed by facilities, agencies and organizations that serve the elderly population.

7. Medical Hospitals and Outpatient Clinics - Counselors are hired to work with veterans,
their spouses, and family to address issues, such as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and anger
management.

8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons - From mental health counseling to substance

abuse counseling, the prison system employs counselors to provide individual and group therapy for
individuals who are jailed, or living in a correctional facility.

9. Retail Businesses - Assuming positions in the human resources or public relations

departments of large retail organizations, job duties typically include improving company-customer
relationships, as well as designing and conducting training programs.

10.The Educational System - Primarily helping students to better navigate the stresses of
growing up and successfully completing their studies, counselors play an important role at all levels of
the school system.

Source: “Top Places to Work as a Counselor,”

Career In Psychology, accessed January 16,
2020, www.careerinpsychology.org/
Counseling Careers

Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one specific career. Here are
the career opportunities of counselors.

1. Mental Health Counselor - Mental health counselors provide therapeutic support to clients
faced with mental, emotional and behavioral health issues, such as anxiety, depression, stress, low
self-esteem and other concerns.

2. School Counselor - professional school counselor provides services to students to support

their academic, personal and social development while working with teachers, administrators and
parents

3. Career Counselor - Career counselors help individuals understand themselves and the
world of work to make solid occupational, education and life decisions.

4. Child Counselor - Child and adolescent counselors help children and teens with physical,
emotional, or mental roadblocks that impede healthy development.

5. College Counselor - College counselors provide college students with a variety of supports
in order to promote overall academic, mental and behavioral wellness.

6. Grief Counselor - Grief counselors support client growth from profound loss, death of a
loved one, debilitating injury, terminal illness, divorce or other personal bereavements.

7. Military Counselor - Military counselors assist active duty, veterans and their families on
mental, emotional and social concerns related to the military lifestyle and experience.

8. Pastoral Counselor - In pastoral settings, counselors combine therapy with theological

training to offer patients a unique and integrated approach to sessions.

9. Rehabilitation Counselor - For individuals with physical, mental, developmental, and or

emotional disabilities, rehabilitation counselors assist them in leading fulfilling and successful
independent lives.

10. Substance Abuse - Counselor Substance abuse and addiction counselors work with
clients to support their mental and physical health in order to accurately provide a holistic treatment of
substance abuse disorders.

Source:”Counseling Careers,“ 2U
Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020,
www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become
a-counselor/counseling-careers/
 EMA EMITS COLLEGE PHILIPPINES
(Formerly: Eastern Mindoro Institute of Technology & Sciences)
Del Pilar St.; Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro
Telefax No. (043) 284-3974

DISCIPLINE & IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

Prelim
Telefax No.Exam
(043) 284-3974
NAME: RATE:
Strand&Section: INSTRUCTOR:

I. Directions: Let us test your knowledge on the previous topic, kindly write your answers on the space provided.

II. Directions: Follow and answer properly.

1. You recall as many roles and functions of counselors that you are aware of.
2. Write all your answers in the note box below.
3. You count all the roles and functions written in the note box.
4. Choose one role /function and identify the competencies required of the role/function

NOTE BOX
 EMA EMITS COLLEGE PHILIPPINES
(Formerly: Eastern Mindoro Institute of Technology & Sciences)
Del Pilar St.; Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro
Telefax No. (043) 284-3974

DISCIPLINE & IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

Longtest I
NAME: RATE:
Strand&Section: INSTRUCTOR:
Telefax No. (043) 284-3974

Activity A. ANONG MERON SIYA NA WALA AKO?

Directions: Accomplish the organizer by answering the question below. Inside the boxes write three statements stating
the similarities and differences of Pure Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences. 1. What is the relationship between
pure social sciences and applied social sciences?

Activity B. Understanding Check

Directions: Identify what concept is asked in the following statements. Choose your answer from the choices provided
inside the box below. Write the answer on the space before each number.

________________1.The study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions.

________________2. A social science discipline that mainly specified to understand how people think and why they
behave in a certain way.
________________3. A field/branch of Anthropology that seeks to investigates the cultural features of the societies like
language, kinship pattern and marriage customs.
________________4. The study of human population.
________________5. The study of the efficient allocation of scarce resources in order to satisfy unlimited human needs
and wants.
________________6. The study of the recorded past.

(Choose your answer still from the box. Understand carefully what social science discipline is portrayed in the following
situations. )
________________7. Peter wants to scientifically study language, how words came to be , letters & its sounds and etc.
________________8. Jhonalyn studies of how words are categorized or formed.
________________9. Vember, a grade 11, HUMSS student,studies the behavior and performance of the economy of our
country; the impact of export and import relationship, the peso and dollar exchange and etc., creating his own Blog on the
net for the readers to know our present economic situation.
_______________10. Jericho studies the behavior of individuals, households and individual firms in the market of his
municipality.