CHEMISTRY

PROJECT
REPORT

GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
NAME:
Pushp Choudhary

CLASS:
th
12 B
ROLL NO:
14629083

SUBJECT:
Chemistry
SCHOOL NAME:
Guru Harkrishan Public School

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CERTIFICATE:
This is to certify that Pushp
Choudhary student of class 12th B
has successfully completed their
Chemistry project report on
“GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS” under
the guidance of “Mrs.Reetika
Bhandari”.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I  would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mrs.Reetika Bhandari
who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic Gravimetric
analysis ,which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and i came to know about so many
new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

THANK YOU.

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GRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS :
Gravimetric analysis, a method of quantitative chemical analysis in
which the constituent sought is converted into a substance (of known
composition) that can be separated from the sample and weighed. The
steps commonly followed in gravimetric analysis are (1) preparation of
a solution containing a known weight of the sample, (2) separation of
the desired constituent, (3) weighing the isolated constituent, and (4)
computation of the amount of the particular constituent in the sample
from the observed weight of the isolated substance. Of the many
methods that may be employed for isolating the desired constituent
from a solution of a sample, the most common is precipitation—that
is, transformation into a substance not soluble in the solution. A
reagent is added that forms an insoluble compound with the desired
constituent but will not precipitate other constituents of the sample.
The precipitate obtained is separated by filtration, washed free of
soluble impurities, dried or ignited to remove water, and weighed.
Certain substances can be separated by virtue of their easy
convertibility into gaseous compounds, as in the determination of
carbonate in a mineral analysis. The sample is treated with an acid,
and carbon dioxide is evolved as a gas. The gas is absorbed on a
weighed quantity of a solid alkaline reagent, and the amount of carbon
dioxide is determined from the gain in weight of the absorbent.
Electrodeposition is used in order to separate certain metals that can
be plated out by passing an electric current through a solution of their
salts. Copper in alloys may be determined by this method as long as
the sample is free from other metals that plate out under the same
conditions. Errors made in gravimetric analyses usually relate to the
purity of the isolated constituent. In general, the compounds that are

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precipitated are very insoluble, and negligible error results from the
incompleteness of precipitation. Obtaining a precipitate that is 100
percent pure and is exactly of the composition represented by a
chemical formula is, however, considerably more difficult. All
gravimetric methods are subject to some degree of error because of
this difficulty.
The principle behind the gravimetric analysis is that the mass of an ion in a pure
compound and can be determined. Later, used to find the mass percent of the
same ion in a known quantity of an impure compound.

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Presence of Arsenic in water bodies
and its harmful effects :
Arsenic in Drinking Water Arsenic occurs naturally in rocks
and soil across Minnesota. Small amounts can dissolve into
groundwater that may be used for drinking water. Drinking
water with arsenic in it can increase your risk of cancer and
other serious health effects. It is important to know how
much arsenic is in your drinking water and how you can
reduce your exposure. Health Effects Drinking water with low
levels of arsenic over a long time is associated with diabetes
and increased risk of cancers of the bladder, lungs, liver, and
other organs. Arsenic can also contribute to cardiovascular
and respiratory disease, reduced intelligence in children, and
skin problems, such as lesions, discoloration, and the
development of corns. Health impacts of arsenic may take
many years to develop, especially if you are in contact with
arsenic at a low level over a long time. How to Protect
Yourself and Your Family The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) standard for arsenic in drinking water is 10
micrograms per liter (µg/L).* However, drinking water with
arsenic at levels lower than the U.S. EPA standard over many
years can still increase your risk of cancer. As a result, EPA
has set a goal of 0 µg/L for arsenic in drinking water. This goal
does not consider the cost of water treatment to completely
remove arsenic from drinking water. *1 microgram per liter
(µg/L) = 1 part per billion (ppb). If you have a private well
Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) recommends every

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private well is tested for arsenic at least once. As of 2008, well
contractors test each newly drilled well for arsenic and share
the results with the well owner and MDH. You can find
existing test results online at Minnesota Well Index (see
Resources).
▪ If arsenic was not detected in the first sample, your water is
unlikely to have arsenic later.
▪ If arsenic was detected in the first sample, you may want to
retest your well water about six months after construction.
MDH research found that when arsenic is detected in a new
well, the level may increase or decrease in the first few
months after construction (see Private Well Protection
Arsenic Study). MDH recommends you use an accredited
laboratory to test your water. Contact a laboratory to get
sample containers and instructions, or ask your county
environmental or public health services if they provide well
testing services (see Search for Accredited Laboratories). If
arsenic is detected in your water and repeat sampling
confirms the results, consider installing home water
treatment or using a different source of drinking water (see
Home Water Treatment). MDH highly recommends taking
action if your water has an arsenic level above 10 µg/L.

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AIM:
Determine the amount of arsenic present in soil samples.

The toxicity of arsenic has been known since antiquity, but it is still a cause of
poisonings today; more than 1300 exposures to arsenic were reported in the
United States in 1998, resulting in 4 fatalities. The biggest problem is the
presence of arsenic in drinking water, especially in the country of Bangladesh,
where most of the wells are contaminated.

In this problem, you are going to use a simple procedure to determine the
concentration of arsenic in two samples of contaminated soil. When groundwater
flows through soil containing arsenic, some of the arsenic is transferred to the
water. Although your real concern is the amount of arsenic in the drinking water,
it is better to analyze the soil because the arsenic is more concentrated in the
soil than in the water. In the samples you have in your lab, all the arsenic
present in a 1.00 kg sample of soil has been converted to arsenate (AsO 4-3).

Design and perform an experiment to determine the amount of arsenate in the

AsO4-3 + Ag+ => Ag3AsO4 (s)

From your measurements, determine the mass percent of As in the soil.

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 PROCEDURE:
1. Go to http://chemcollective.org/activities/vlab/75 to
access the virtual lab environment.

2. In the storeroom on your left of the lab, you will find all
reagents and equipment to complete the lab.

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3. In the "Solutions" tab, click on AgNO3 and your assigned
unknown sample to add them to the workbench. Note
the volume of your reagents.

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4. In the 'Glassware" tab, find and click on 250mL beaker and
25mL pipette to add them to the workbench.

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5. Drag and drop the 25mL pipette on the Erlenmeyer
containing silver nitrate. A pouring prompt should appear.
Change the tab to "precise" and enter 10.00 into the textbox.
Click withdraw to withdraw the solution.

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6.    Drag and drop your filled pipette onto the beaker. Pour the
silver nitrate into the beaker, by clicking pour after entering
10.00 in the textbox under the "precise" tab.

7.    Repeat steps 5 & 6 with your unknown.

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CALCULATIONS:
 Mol wt of Ag3AsO4 = 462.52
 Mol wt of Arsenic = 74.921
 Moles of Ag3AsO4 = 0.0008 moles
 Grams of arsenic in 1 kg of soil=
0.0008*74.921= 0.0599gms
 Mass % of arsenic in sample 1 =
0.0599*(100/1000)= 0.00599gms

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 OBSERVATION TABLE:
sample Wt of Moles of Grams Mass %
Ag3AsO4 Ag3AsO4 of As of
Ppt(grams) in 1kg Arsenic
of soil
Sample 0.37 0.0008 0.0599 0.00599
1

Sample 0.231 0.0005 0.0374 0.00374

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RESULT:
Amount of arsenic present in 1kg of soil :
1. In sample 1 = 0.05999.
2. In sample 2 = 0.0374.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 WWW.Vlab2.0.com
 WWW.byjus.com
 WWW.chemohloic.com
 WWW.studocu.com

THANK YOU.

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