3 Narratives

Villanueva, Jennielyn G.
Bs Criminology 4-1
An Overview of Forensic Linguistics
Our day 2 of Pus Ultra: Unraveling the Emerging Trends and Innovations in Forensic Science was
held on September 25, 2021. The first topic was “An Overview of Forensic Linguistics” which to be
discussed by Dr. Marilu Ranosa-Madrunio (Dean, Faculty of Arts and Letter, University of Santo Tomas
Member, Executive Committee, International Association of Forensic Linguistics). She first discussed a
person who’s named was Jan Svartvik (1968), he was a Swedish Linguist, one of the world’s most
productive linguists in the field of English Linguistics and corpus linguistics. Svartvik was a professor of
English at Lung University from 1970-1995, he is now 89 years old. It was aid in the presentation that
Forensic Linguistics involves the use of linguistics to spoken and written legal texts as well as the
provision of evidence for criminal and civil investigations and courtroom disputes. Forensic Linguistics
were also known as Language and Law (Gibbons 1994), Law and Language (Conley & O’Barr 1998), Legal
Language (Tiersma 1999), Legal Linguistics (Mattila 2006), Jurilinguistics (Cornu 2000) and Legal
Discourse (Bhatia 2003).
She then presents the Three Categories (Coulthard & Johnson 2007, Turell, 2008) the Language
of the law, language as evidence and language of the judicial process. The English Caution which state:
You do not have to say anything. But it may harm your defense if you do not mention when questioned
something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in evidence. It was
changed from 60-word version to the 37-word version in 1995.The English Caution (Australia); Has any
threat, promise, offer of advantage been held out to you to give the answers recorded in this interview?.
The Miranda Rights which came from Miranda Case, in 1996 Ernesto Miranda had been convicted in
Arizona of kidnapping and rape, but Miranda was not told about his 5 th amendment right to remain
silent. The court overturned the conviction, under these conditions Miranda’s statement could not be
considered as given of his own free will.
Forensic Linguistics covers legal language, authorship analysis, trademark disputes, copyright
infringement, police investigation, interviews and interrogation, courtroom discourse and courtroom
interpretation. John Olsson is one of the leading experts in a still emerging field known as “forensic
linguistics”. There were a case sample where forensic linguist reveals how murderer was snared sending
texts from his victim’s phone because of tiny differences in punctuation. David Ryan murdered Diana Lee
then dumped her body in her garage and set in on fire in Cheshire in August of 2012. The experts
noticed that there was a difference through the text message, the victim doesn’t do spacing after the
question mark but the suspect sent a message that there was a double spacing before the question
mark. The first topic ended peacefully, due to some inconvenience the host didn’t entertain any
questions from this topic and after some recognition the proceed to introduced the next one to present.
Bs Criminology 4-1
Firearm & Toolmark Examination
Minutes had passed the we proceed to the next topic which was titled as Firearm and Tool
Examination: Current Practices and Future Endeavors. The next to present is Mr. Zak Carr. He first
presented the service provided, firearm function testing, bullet and cartridge case comparisons,
database search, serial number restoration, gunshot residue distance determination, toolmark
examination, and fracture match.
The firearms that are most commonly examined semiautomatic pistols; 9x19mm, 40 S&W, and
45 Auto, the next is semiautomatic rifles; 5.56x45mm and 7.62x39mm. He then points out the
comparison of cartridge cases and bullet through an illustration which parts are cartridge case, primer,
gun powder and bullet. Bullets are squeezed down rifled barrels resulting in two types of marks; class
characteristics and individual characteristics (presented in the illustration).
A virtual comparison microscopy, it advances in 3d imaging technology and uses a 3d metrology

system to measure minute features and allow for virtual for virtual comparison and algorithm analysis. A
topmatch-3d high capacity, a silicone gel pad removes negative impact of surface reflectivity on
measurement process allows capture of fine detail.
They implement the new technology for faster analyzation and improving of visualized of
evidence and also in archiving data and transporting it.
Bs Criminology 4-1
Forensic Technology Applied in Real Cases
The last topic to be discussed were titled as Forensic Technology Applied in Real Cases which to
be led by Dr. Carlos A. Gutierrez (Co-Founder and science Director, True Forensic Science LLC Associate
Professor of Forensic Science, Chaminade University of Honolulu USA).
Forensic sciences are the application of scientific knowledge and its principles for the resolution
of criminal or civil judicial events. The mission of forensic science is to develop, provide, and promote
scientific knowledge for those involved in the Judicial system (Guards and Guards, Police, Lawyers,
Prosecutors, Defenders, Judges and Magistrates, Court Ministers, among others). Forensic scientist does
not make decisions in the judicial systems, their main objective is to be impartial and deliver their
reports/reports based on science.
Criminalistics were defined as a science that uses principles of the natural sciences. It is more
recognized specialty of forensic sciences, whose area of action is the analysis, comparison, identification
and interpretation of physical evidence. Crime scene was the common description to indicate the
physical place where on event is presumed to have occurred. Criminology is a specialty of forensic
sciences that is framed within psychiatry and the sciences of human behavior.
As the topic go further, the forensic scientist was also described as the person who applies
science to deliver information on legal facts. They require interaction to those people who are not
scientist. The forensic expert on the other hand was the on who were appointed by the judge, they are
based on knowledge, experiences or education, and he is authorized to testify in a judgement of the
expertise that he performed. The five aspects of a good investigators are knowledge, skills and tools, a
methodological approach, flexibility and a coordinated effort. The third thing to be tackled were new
technologies that help crime scene investigation and solve crime. The first one was the laser scan
station, it animates the scene in 3d, uses point cloud obtained by the scanner and good element to show
the scene. The 360 Photography it has spherical chamber, allows 360 documentations, original evidence
since it is a photograph not a point and good form to present at trial. And lastly the alternate light
source.
Crime scene investigation is a methodology process applied by an investigator to obtain physical

evidence and an interpretation about what happened in that place. The crime scene investigation
process has six methodological steps assess, observe, document, search, collect and process/analysis.
The documentation process includes taking notes, photography, mapping sketching, and videos.

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Villanueva, Jennielyn G.

An Overview of Forensic Linguistics

Firearm & Toolmark Examination

A virtual comparison microscopy, it advances in 3d imaging technology and uses a 3d metrology

Forensic Technology Applied in Real Cases

Crime scene investigation is a methodology process applied by an investigator to obtain physical

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