Response of Mango Transplants To Bio-Fertilizer Treatments 1 - Vegetative Growth Measurements

Middle East Journal of Agriculture Volume : 07 | Issue : 03 | July-Sept.
| 2018
Research Pages:1124-1134
ISSN 2077-4605
Response of Mango Transplants to Bio- Fertilizer Treatments
1- Vegetative growth measurements
1
Ataweia A.A., 1Bakry KH. A., M.S. EL-Shamaa2 and M.M. Hegazi2
1
Hort. Dept., Fac. of Agric. Benha Uni., Egypt.
2
Fruit Dept., National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. Box, 12622.
Received: 10 July 2018 / Accepted: 20 August 2018 / Publication date: 25 Sept. 2018
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted on mango transplants during 2016 & 2017 seasons to
investigate the influence of some bio substances as addition nutritive fertilizers i.e. VAM, EM, Blue
green algae and Diatom algae extracts. The influence was evaluated through the response of some
vegetative growth of "mango transplants.
The specific effect of mango cultivars on some vegetative growth, data revealed that, Kent
mango cultivar was better than the other investigated cultivar (Keitt) in this respect. Also, fertilizer
with soil application of VAM fungi at 4 cm3/ transplant + control or soil application of blue green
algea extract at 1g/ transplant + control was superior in this respect where it was able to increase
significantly vegetative growth as compared with the other different investigated fertilization
especially NPK only (control) during both seasons of study. Concerning the interaction effect of the
two investigated factors i.e., mango cultivars and different fertilization on some vegetative growth
measurements of mango transplants, data show the highest vegetative growth were obtained with the
combination between Kent mango cultivar and fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 4 cm3/
transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 1g/ transplant + control.
Keywords: Mango-bio fertilizer, Mineral fertilizer, Kent, Keitt
Introduction
Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) belong to family Anacardiaceae native to South Eastern Asia
and considered one of the most important fruits of the tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is one of
the most popular and favorite fruits because of its rich flavor, aroma, pleasant appearance, attractive
fragrance and delicious taste. It is considered to be the queen of fruits. The Mangoes is one of the
oldest widely cultivated fruits in the subtropical and semitropical regions. It is also one of the popular
tropical cultivated in both the world and Arab Republic of Egypt.
Mango is regard in Egypt as one of the major local fruit crops and approximately could be
considered the second fruit crop after citrus. The total cultured area in Egypt reached about 240804
feddans that produced about 4.29 tons/feddan with total fruit production 786533 tons from produced
area 183341 feddans (FAO, 2014).
Fertilization is one of the important management tools in increasing growth and crop yield, especially
with nitrogen. Nitrogen (N) is known to be one of the most major elements for plant nutrition and
development. It plays an important role as a constituent of all proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes
(Nijjar, 1985).
Nitrogen fertilization effects depend upon the nutrient status of cultivated soil, as well as
applied amount, sources and methods of N applications. In addition, ammonia fertilizers are rapidly
nitrified and the nitrate nitrogen is leached downward during watering from the root zone or upward
after watering to the surface (Yagodin, 1990).
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient as a part of several key plant structure compounds and as a
catalysis in the conversion of numerous key biochemical reactions in plants. Phosphorus is noted
especially for its role in capturing and converting the sun's energy into useful plant compounds (Bill,
2001).
Potassium, like phosphorus and nitrogen, constitutes is important macronutrient in the nutrition
of trees for regular, large-scale production of high quality fruits. Fruit crops, in general are heavy
Corresponding Author: Ataweia A.A., Hort. Dept., Fac. of Agric. Benha Uni., Egypt.
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Middle East J. Agric. Res., 7(3): 1124-1134, 2018
ISSN: 2077-4605
feeders of potash and the quantities of potash removed are comparable to nitrogen and in some cases
even much higher (Miller et al, 1990). Potassium is essential element in many plant metabolic
processes. In spite, K does not become a part of plant compounds; it plays many important regulatory
roles in development of different tissues. In addition, K may also increase disease resistance by
increasing the thickness of outer walls in epidermal cells (Mengel et al., 2001).
High costs of mineral fertilizers needed to fruit trees are one of these problems. Additionally,
the uses of mineral fertilizers have an increased role in the health problems of mankind. However,
they are considered as air, soil and water polluting agent results from leached chemical fertilization
into the soil led to disturbance in the natural biological balance in the soil and accumulates in food
chain causing hazardous effects for human health. The use of bio-fertilizers in enhancing plant growth
and yield has gained momentum in recent years because of higher cost and hazardous effect of
chemical fertilizers. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were found to enhance
the growth and production of various fruit trees significantly (Khanizadeh et al., 1995 and Aseri et al.,
2008).
Bio-fertilizers are the most importance for plant production and soil as they play an important
role in increasing vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality (El-Khawaga (2012) and Hasan et al.
(2013b)) on mango.
The main objective of this study, is to carry out a comparison between using mineral (NPK)
fertilizer and bio - fertilizer or the combination between them as a source of (NPK) soil fertilization to
know which NPK fertilizer source and the actual nutritional demand to be more beneficial for growth
mango transplants as well as adjusting the best NPK management that responsible for obtaining an
economical income as another desirable target.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 on two mango
cultivars transplants. This experiment aimed to know more knowledge about the effect of bio-
fertilizer on growth of mango transplants at the experimental research green house of National
Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Healthy uniform seedlings of Keitt and Kent mango Cvs. grafted on Zebda rootstock were used.
The seedlings were planted in black polyethylene bags with 40 cm3 diameter fooled with 20 kg
washed sand mixed with Compost at rate 2:1, respectively.
Uniform and healthy one-year- old seedlings of Keitt and Kent mango cultivars were the plant
material used in this study.
This experiment involved nine treatments:
1-Control: Soil application of Crystalon at 90g / transplants as a source of NPK (20% N: 20% P: 20%
K).
2-Soil application of blue green algea extract at 100 cm3/ transplant + Control.
4-Soil application of marine diaton extract at 100 cm3/ transplant + Control.
5-Soil application of marine diaton extract at 200cm3/ transplant + Control.
6-Soil application of Effective microorganisms (EM) at 50 cm3/ transplant + Control.
8-Soil application of VAM fungi at 20g/ transplant + Control.
Crystalon: As a source of NPK equal to 90g Crystalon (20% N: 20% P: 20% K)/ seedling. It
was divided into 10 equal doses and soil applied during growing season to different tested treatments
including control from April to August at two weeks intervals (dissolved in the irrigation water).
Mycorrhizal VAM was prepared by wet-sieving and decanting procedure in Microbiology
Dept., NRC. Completely mixed with sterilized compost at rate 1+1 Kg, moistening for 2 hour and soil
inoculated.
VAM and EM were inoculated by adding one time in April.
Both blue green algae Spirulina sp. and Diatom algae Amphora sp. extracts were produced by
the Algae Biotechnology Unit, Fertilization Technology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC),
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Dokki, Egypt. Bags concerned blue green algae Spirulina sp. Extract, were divided as two groups:
[100 or 200cm3/seedling] expressed by Sp1 and Sp2. Each was applied into 10 doses as soil
application from April to August at two weeks intervals.
Experimental layout:
The complete randomized block design with four replications was used for arranging the
differential investigated treatments. Every replicate was represented in each of the aforesaid three
plants. The response of mango transplants to differential treatments of the experiment was
investigated throw determining of the following measurements:
Vegetative growth measurements:

On last week of September during both seasons the experiment was ended, the effect of
different treatments on some vegetative growth measurements were evaluated by the following
growth parameters during both seasons as follows:
Increment percentage of stem length "plant height":
Net increase in plant height = plant height in the end of September- initial plant height on the first of
April.
Increment percentage in stem height was estimated as follows:
Final stem length - Initial stem length
X 100
Initial stem length
Increment percentage of stem diameter:
Net increase in stem diameter = Stem diameter in the end of September - Initial stem diameter in the
first of April.
Increment percentage in stem diameter was estimated as follows:
Final stem diameter- Initial stem diameter
X 100
Initial stem diameter
Average number of shoots /transplant:

Average number of leaves / plant:
Leaf area:
Five mature leaves were collected from each transplant for determining length (L) and width
(W). Leaf shape index was calculated = L/W. In addition, leaf area (LA) was stimulating by using
formula Leaf area (LA) = 0.70 (L x W) -1.06 according to Ahmed and Morsy (1999).
Total foliage area per transplant:
As assimilation area / transplant (cm2) was calculated on the base of number of leaves /
transplant × average leaf area (dec2). The method was described by Motskobili, (1984) and followed
by Mohsen et al. (1987).
Top/ root ratio: Top/root ratio of mango transplants was estimated in stem dry weight / root dry
weight.
Statistical analysis:
All data of the present investigation were subjected to analysis of variance and significant
differences among means were determined according to Snedecor and Cochran, (1980). In addition,
significant differences among means were differentiated according to the Duncan,s, multiple test
range (Duncan, 1955), where capital and small letters were used for differentiating the values of
specific and interaction effects of the investigated factors, respectively.
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Results and Discussion
This investigation was carried out to cover the influence of the two investigated factors namely:
1- mango cultivars (Keitt and Kent), 2- Some fertilization and their possible combinations on mango
transplants were studied during both 2016 and 2017 seasons. Such influence was evaluated through
the response of some vegetative growth of the treated mango transplants.
Therefore, obtained results presented in Tables (1-7) in this study dealing with any of the
abovementioned three aspects are separately during both seasons of study discussed as follows:
Vegetative growth:
In this regard in stem height; stem diameter; number of lateral shoots, number of leaves; leaf area;
total leaves assimilation area and top/root ratio were the seven growth measurements of mango
transplants investigated pertaining their response to the specific effect of investigated variables of
each studied factor i.e., mango cultivars and mineral or bio-fertilizer soil applications as well as
interactions effect of the combinations between the variables of both investigated factors.
Increment percentage of stem height:
A. Specific effect:
As for the response to specific effect of mango cultivars, data in Table (1) displays that, Kent
mango cultivar surpassed statistically Keitt mango cultivar during two seasons of study in this respect.
Meanwhile, the specific effect of fertilizer treatments, Table (1) displays that the stem was higher in
transplants fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil
application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant + control rather than in other treatments
especially NPK (control).
Table 1: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on increment percentage of stem height of mango
transplants during both 2016 and 2017 seasons.
Increment percentage of stem height
Treatments
Keitt Kent Mean Keitt Kent Mean
First season Second season
1 21.40 k 24.40 ij 22.90 G 20.70 m 23.90 jkl 22.30 H
2 34.10 cd 37.20 ab 35.65 A 3.40 cde 36.50 ab 34.95 B
3 23.80 ijk 26.60 hi 25.20 EF 23.30 klm 26.10 ij 24.70 FG
4 31.30 def 34.80 bc 33.05 B 30.70 efg 34.23 bcd 32.47 C
5 24.50 ij 27.80 gh 26.15 E 23.80 jkl 27.30 hi 25.55 F
6 28.73 fgh 32.30 cde 30.52 C 28.10 ghi 31.70 def 29.90 D
7 21.60 jk 24.80 i 23.20 FG 21.20 lm 24.30 jk 22.75 GH
8 33.27 cd 40.10 a 36.68 A 35.93 bc 39.20 a 37.57 A
9 26.70 hi 30.10 efg 28.40 D 26.20 ij 29.50fgh 27.85 E
Mean 27.27 B 30.90 A 27.04 B 30.30 A
Values within the same column and raw for any of two investigated factors were individually differentiated by capital letters,
while for the interaction small letters were used, mean followed by the same letter/s were not significantly different.
1-Control: Soil application of Crystalon at 90g / transplants as a source of NPK (20% N: 20% P: 20% K).
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B. Interaction effect:
Regarding the interaction effect of various (mango cultivars x fertilizer treatments)

combinations Table (1) reveals that, Kent mango cultivar and fertilized with soil application of VAM
fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant
+ control had significantly the tallest stem. Meanwhile, the reverse was true with Keitt mango cultivar
and fertilized with NPK. In addition other combinations were in between during two seasons.
The obtained results are in confirmed with Akanbi et al., (2002) and Gautam et al. (2012).
Increment percentage of stem diameter:
A. Specific effect:
mango cultivar surpassed statistically Keitt mango cultivar during two seasons of study. Meanwhile,
the specific effect of fertilizer treatments, Table (2) displays that, the stem was thickness in transplants
fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil application of blue
green algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant + control rather than in other treatments especially NPK
(control).

fungi at 20 g/ transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant
+ control had significantly the thickened stem. Meanwhile, the reverse was true with Keitt mango
cultivar and fertilized with NPK. In addition other combinations were in between during two seasons.
This result is agreement with that reported by Wassel et al., (2015).
Table 2: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on increment percentage of stem diameter of mango
Increment percentage of stem diameter
Treatments
1 14.43 j 17.60hi 16.02 G 14.30 k 17.80 i 16.05 G
2 23.70 d 27.40c 25.55 C 23.70 e 27.70 d 25.70 C
3 16.40 i 19.67fg 18.03 F 15.90 j 20.00 gh 17.95 F
4 29.90 b 32.97a 31.43 A 29.10 c 33.30 a 31.20 A
5 16.60 i 20.60f 18.60 F 16.13 j 20.80 g 18.47 F
6 20.10 f 24.57d 22.33 D 19.50 h 24.80 e 22.15 D
7 14.70 j 18.10h 16.40 G 14.30 k 18.30 i 16.30 G
8 26.80 c 30.37b 28.58 B 26.80 d 30.50 b 28.65 B
9 18.30 gh 22.30 e 20.30 E 17.87 i 22.50 f 20.18 E
Mean 20.10B 23.73A 19.73B 23.97 A
Values within the same column and raw for any of two investigated factors were individually differentiated by capital
letters, while for the interaction small letters were used, mean followed by the same letter/s were not significantly different.
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Number of lateral shoots per transplant:
A. Specific effect:
mango cultivar surpassed statistically Keitt mango cultivar during two seasons of study in this respect.
Meanwhile, the specific effect of fertilizer treatments, Table (3) displays that the transplants fertilized
with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g/ transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea
extract at 100cm2 / transplant + control gave highest number of lateral shoots compared with other
treatments especially NPK (control).
C. Interaction effect:

fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant
+ control had significantly the highest number of lateral shoots. Meanwhile, the reverse was true with
Keitt mango cultivar and fertilized with NPK. In addition other combinations were in between during
two seasons. The present result is in harmony with those found by Das et al. (2009) and Hasan et al.,
(2009).
Table 3: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on number of lateral shoots per mango transplant during
both 2016 and 2017 seasons.
No. of shoots / transplant
Treatments
1 2.140 n 2.457 l 2.298 H 1.440 no 1.793 mn 1.617 H
2 4.107 ef 4.340 de 4.223 C 3.497 def 3.807 cde 3.652 C
3 2.870 k 2.840 k 2.855 G 1.890 lm 2.160 klm 2.025 G
4 4.887 ab 5.127 a 5.007 A 4.357 ab 4.680 a 4.518 A
5 2.927 k 3.220 j 3.073 F 3.090 fgh 3.397 efg 3.243 D
6 3.317 ij 3.590 hi 3.453 E 2.677 hij 2.990 ghi 2.833 E
7 2.150 mn 2.440 lm 2.295 H 1.153 o 1.747 mn 1.450 H
8 4.487 cd 4.727 bc 4.607 B 3.920 cd 4.227 bc 4.073 B
9 3.710 gh 3.960 fh 2.298 H 2.270 jkl 2.567 ijk 1.617 H
Mean 3.399 B 3.633 A 2.699 B 23.041 A
while for the interaction small letters were used, mean followed by the same letter/s were not significantly different
Number of leaves / transplant:
A. Specific effect:
Table (4) shows that, no significantly differences between mango cultivars in the number of
leaves per transplants during both seasons of study. As for the specific effect of fertilizer treatments, it
is quite evident that, transplants fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant +
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control gave highest value of number of leaves rather than in other treatments especially NPK
(control).
Table 4: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on number of leaves per mango transplant during both
2016 and 2017 seasons.
No. of leaves/ transplant
Treatments
1 25.40 j 28.83 i 27.12 H 24.10 k 26.20 ijk 25.15 F
2 43.30 d 43.73 d 43.52 C 41.90 cd 36.10 ef 39.00 C
3 34.50 g 34.03 g 34.27 F 29.10 hij 29.80 hi 29.45 E
4 46.17 c 48.10 b 47.13 B 45.60 bc 47.47 b 46.53 B
5 40.37 e 40.50 e 40.43 D 38.10 def 38.60 de 38.35 C
6 31.57 h 30.47 h 31.02 G 30.47 gh 29.20 hij 29.83 E
7 25.67 j 24.57 j 5.12 I 25.87 ijk 25.40 jk 25.63 F
8 48.40 b 50.30 a 9.35 A 49.40 ab 51.80 a 50.60 A
9 37.47 f 37.10 f 7.28 E 34.27 fg 34.17 fg 34.22 D
Mean 37.36 A 37.13 A 35.42 A 35.41 A
Values within the same column and raw for any of two investigated factors were individually differentiated by
capital letters, while for the interaction small letters were used, mean followed by the same letter/s were not significantly
different
Regarding the response of number of leaves per transplants to interaction effect of various
combinations between mango cultivars and fertilizer treatments, it was so clear to notice that, the Kent
mango cultivar fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control gave the
highest number of leaves transplant during two seasons of study. On the other hand, the reverse was
found with the Keitt mango cultivar and fertilized with NPK. In addition other combinations were in
between during two seasons.
The present result is in harmony with those found by Kundu et al., (2011) and Wassel et al.
(2015).
Average leaf area (cm2):
A. Specific effect:
Data presented in Table (5) displayed that, no significantly differences between mango cultivars
in leaf area during two seasons of study. Meanwhile, the specific effect of fertilizer treatments, Table
(5) displays that, the average leaf area was largest in transplants fertilized with soil application of
VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2 /
transplant + control rather than in other treatments especially NPK (control).
Referring the interaction effect of mango cultivars and fertilizer treatments, it was quite evident
that, the Kent mango cultivar fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant +
control gave the highest value of leaf area during two seasons of study. On the other hand, the reverse
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was found with the Keitt mango cultivar and fertilized with NPK. In addition other combinations were
in between during two seasons.
Table 5: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on average leaf area (cm2) of mango transplants during
both 2016 and 2017 seasons.
Leaf area (cm2)
Treatments
1 48.57 jk 50.97 ijk 9.77 GH 49.20 h 51.40 h 50.30 E
2 67.67 cde 69.97 cd 68.82 BC 75.50 bc 74.50 bcd 75.00 B
3 55.77 ghi 58.70 fgh 57.23 EF 57.90 fgh 53.37 gh 55.63 DE
4 71.37 bcd 73.50 bc 72.43 B 78.10 abc 82.17 ab 83.58 A
5 63.30 ef 66.63 de 64.97 CD 80.10 ab 70.70 cde 75.40 B
6 52.17 h-k 54.90 g-j 53.53 FG 66.20 def 65.70 def 65.95 C
7 45.70 k 47.60 k 46.65 H 55.77 gh 53.27 gh 54.52 E
8 77.37 ab 83.87 a 80.62 A 76.53 abc 85.00 a 77.32 AB
9 59.47 fg 62.70 ef 61.08 DE 61.20 fg 61.60 efg 61.40 CD
Mean 60.87 A 62.48 A 65.40 A 67.73 A
Total leaves assimilation area (cm2):
A. Specific effect:
Data presented in Table (6) displayed that, Kent mango cultivar surpassed statistically Keitt
mango cultivar during two seasons of study. Meanwhile, the specific effect of fertilizer treatments,
Table (6) displays that, the average leave assimilation area was largest in transplants fertilized with
soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control rather than in other treatments especially
NPK (control).
Referring the interaction effect of mango cultivars and fertilizer treatments, it was quite evident
that, the Kent mango cultivar fertilized with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant +
control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant + control gave the highest
value of leaves assimilation area during two seasons of study. On the other hand, the reverse was
found with the Kent mango cultivar and fertilized with NPK. In addition other combinations were in
between during two seasons.
The obtained result is confirmed by those previously mentioned by Abd EL-Latif (2007); El-
Khawaga (2012); Abd EL-hamed (2014) and Wassel et al. (2015).
Top /root ratio:
A. Specific effect:
With regard to the specific effect of mango cultivars, Table (7) shows that top /root ratio of
Kent mango cultivar was relatively higher than that of Keitt mango cultivar. As for the specific effect
of fertilizer treatments, it was quite evident that the response was more pronounced than that
previously discussed with mango cultivars. Whereas, the top /root ratio in the transplants fertilized
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with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil application of blue green
algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant + control rather than in other treatments especially NPK (control)
during both seasons of study.
Table 6: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on total assimilation area per transplant (cm2)of mango
Total assimilation area per transplant (cm2)
Treatments
1 1167.11 o 1177.15 o 1172.16 H 1240.22 i 1292.11 hi 1266.16 F
2 2925.33ef 3065.44 de 2995.34 C 3176.20 b 3144.40 b 3160.30 B
3 1903.00kl 2000.00 jk 1952.00 F 1685.60 efg 1593.20 fgh 1639.40 E
4 3292.11cd 3541.13bc 3416.12 B 3849.22 a 3907.24 a 3878.23 A
5 2562.02gh 2703.00 fg 2632.01 D 2710.22 c 2730.02 c 2720.14 C
6 1647.00mn 1674.00lm 1660.00 G 2021.11 de 1917.43 def 1969.12 D
7 1397.01no 1297.22 o 1347.12 H 1446.44 ghi 1352.00 ghi 1399. 22 F
8 3634.11b 3892.24 a 3763.17 A 3786.22 a 4049.10 a 3917.16 A
9 2233.00ij 2324.00 hi 2278.00 E 2100.66 d 2045.22 d 2072.44 D
Mean 2308.30 B 2407.42 A 2446.14 A 2448.55 A
Values within the same column and raw for any of two investigated factors were individually differentiated by capital
letters, while for the interaction small letters were used, mean followed by the same letter/s were not significantly different
Table 7: Effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers on top/root ratio of mango transplants during both 2016
and 2017 seasons.
Top/root ratio
Treatments
1 1.823 de 1.953 b-e 1.888 CD 2.130 abc 2.110 abc 2.120 A
2 2.060 b-e 2.120 bcd 2.090BCD 2.167abc 2.310 abc 2.238 A
3 1.837 cde 1.963 b-e 1.900 CD 2.040 c 2.230 abc 2.135 A
4 2.217b 2.620 a 2.232 AB 2.250abc 2.373 a 2.312 A
5 2.053 b-e 2.183 bcd 2.118 BC 2.240 abc 2.347 ab 2.293 A
6 1.993b-e 2.153 bcd 2.073BCD 2.320 abc 2.323 abc 2.322 A
7 1.740 e 1.933 b-e 1.837D 2.067 bc 2.213 abc 2.140 A
8 2.200 bc 2.263 ab 2.418 A 2.183 abc 2.350 ab 2.267 A
9 2.00 b-e 2.130 bcd 2.068 BCD 2.183 abc 2.323 abc 2.253 A
Mean 2.037 A 2.102 A 2.176 B 2.287 A
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Top /root ratio:
A. Specific effect:
With regard to the specific effect of mango cultivars, Table (7) shows that top /root ratio of
Kent mango cultivar was relatively higher than that of Keitt mango cultivar. As for the specific effect
of fertilizer treatments, it was quite evident that the response was more pronounced than that
previously discussed with mango cultivars. Whereas, the top /root ratio in the transplants fertilized
with soil application of VAM fungi at 20 g / transplant + control or soil application of blue green
algea extract at 100cm2 / transplant + control rather than in other treatments especially NPK (control)
during both seasons of study.
Referring the response of top/root ratio to the interaction effect of various combinations
between mango cultivars and fertilizer treatments, Table (7) clears that, the highest top /root ratio was
usually coupled with those Kent mango cultivar transplants and fertilized with soil application of
VAM fungi at 20 g/ transplant + control or soil application of blue green algea extract at 100cm2/
transplant + control. The reverse was true with Keitt mango cultivar and fertilized with NPK, whereas
the lowest values in top /root ratio was statistically exhibited by such combination during both seasons
of study.
Such trend of response goes generally in line with finding of Kerni and Gupta (1986); Silva and
Siqueira (1991); Sivakumar (2001); Akanbi et al., (2002) and Gautam et al. (2012).
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Response of Mango Transplants To Bio-Fertilizer Treatments 1 - Vegetative Growth Measurements

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Middle East Journal of Agriculture Volume : 07 | Issue : 03 | July-Sept.

Keywords: Mango-bio fertilizer, Mineral fertilizer, Kent, Keitt

Materials and Methods

Vegetative growth measurements:

Increment percentage of stem length "plant height":

Increment percentage of stem diameter:

Average number of shoots /transplant:

Total foliage area per transplant:

Results and Discussion

Increment percentage of stem height:

Regarding the interaction effect of various (mango cultivars x fertilizer treatments)

Increment percentage of stem diameter:

Regarding the interaction effect of various (mango cultivars x fertilizer treatments)

Number of lateral shoots per transplant:

Regarding the interaction effect of various (mango cultivars x fertilizer treatments)

Number of leaves / transplant:

Average leaf area (cm2):

Total leaves assimilation area (cm2):

Top /root ratio:

Top /root ratio:

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