Scribd
Upload
200 views

Written Assignment Unit 2

This document contains a written assignment with questions about networking concepts. It asks about crosstalk in twisted pair cables and how it is minimized. It also asks about the differences between circuit switching and packet switching, and provides a table comparing the two techniques. Another question asks about why different frequencies are used for uplink and downlink transmission for satellite communication. The document also includes the answer to an exercise question about packet transmission between nodes in a network.

Uploaded by

Kifah Hussein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
200 views

Written Assignment Unit 2

This document contains a written assignment with questions about networking concepts. It asks about crosstalk in twisted pair cables and how it is minimized. It also asks about the differences between circuit switching and packet switching, and provides a table comparing the two techniques. Another question asks about why different frequencies are used for uplink and downlink transmission for satellite communication. The document also includes the answer to an exercise question about packet transmission between nodes in a network.

Uploaded by

Kifah Hussein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Written Assignment Unit 2

Written Assignment Unit 2

University of The People

CS2204 Communications and networking

November 23, 2021


Written Assignment Unit 2

What is crosstalk? How is it minimized in case of a twisted pair of wire?

Crosstalk is described as a signal disruption generated by the electric or magnetic fields of one
telecommunication signal interfering with a signal in another circuit. Electromagnetic
interference (EMI) is the term for the phenomena that generates crosstalk. Microcircuits in
computers and audio equipment, as well as network circuits, can experience crosstalk (Hanna,
2021).

Cross talks can be minimized or reduced by using twisted - pair cable. When a pair of wires is
twisted together, the electromagnetic signals produced by the two wires (pair) cancel each other
out because they have an opposite polarity (Hanna, 2021).

Why are two separate frequencies used for uplink and downlink transmission in case of
satellite communication?

In satellite communication, the uplink frequency is higher than the downlink frequency because
the attenuation level increase with an increase in frequency. Therefore, the real reason for having
two different frequencies for uplink and downlink transmission is to avoid signal interference,
and data loss due to thermal noise.

Differentiate between the 2 switching techniques (Circuit Switching and Packet Switching).
(4 differences)

Circuit Switching Packet Switching


Dedicated Physical Path It has a dedicated physical path It does not have a dedicated
between source and destination physical path
Bandwidth available Fixed bandwidth is available (Dynamic) Flexible bandwidth is
available
Packets arrive in order The data packets arrive in order Ter is no order in packet delivery
Potentially wasted There is a waste of bandwidth No waste of bandwidth
bandwidth
The packet follows The packet follows the same The packet may not follow the
route same route.
Call setup required Not needed
Written Assignment Unit 2

Is a switch crash fatal Yes No


Time of possible At setup time On every packet
congestion
Store and forward No Yes
transmission
Transparency Yes No
Charging Per minute Per packet
(Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011)

What is the answer to Exercise 2.7 from Section 2 of our textbook with this change: the 4th
transmission (B sends to D) does not occur?

The answer to Exercise 2.7 is as follow:

Based on the figure above, suppose the following packet transmissions take place:

 A send to D
 D sends to A
 A send to B
 B sends to D

When A sends to D, because no switch knows where D is, all of the switches utilize fallback-to-
flooding. S1-S4 switches figure out where A is.
Written Assignment Unit 2

Then when D sends A, S2 will be known of A's location and will direct the packet to S1, who is
also know of A's location. S3 and S4 are unsure where D is.

If A sends to B, all switches will again use fallback-to-flooding, but no switches learns anything
new.

If B sends to D, Because S4 doesn't know where D is, so it uses fallback-to-flooding. S2 is


certain to know where D is, thus S2 sends the packet just to D. S2 and S4 learn where B is
located.

References

Dordal, P. L. (2019, March 31). An Introduction to Computer Networks. UoPeople.


https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/1404621/mod_book/chapter/296427/
ComputerNetworksText.pdf

Hanna, K. T. (2021, June 17). What is crosstalk? SearchNetworking. Retrieved September 15,
2021, from https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/crosstalk.

Tanenbaum, A. S., &n Wetherall, D. J. (2011). Computer networks (5th edition). Pearson
Education, Inc.

You might also like