English Language for

Hospitality Management
+ English Grammar Review

Prepared and Developed by Felipe E. Balaria, Ph. D.

& Mercedes D. Santos, Ph.
D. CHTM Faculty

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English Grammar Review

Learning Objective:

To improve students’ vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills through online

learning activities and self-study.

Learning Description:

The main focus is to improve students' vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills
through online learning activities and self-study. In order to reach this goal,
students will engage in a variety of activities including drills and practices,
discussion, oral presentation, etc. Thru the self-study component, students are
required to study textbooks available in grammar and vocabulary on their own,
do the online courseware, and do listening, speaking, reading, and writing
exercises attached in this module.

Subject-Verb Agreement
Learning Objectives:

Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to:

• explain the rules for subject-verb agreement

• identify and correct errors in subject-verb agreement

English Language for Hospitality Management

Learning Goals and Objectives:

The main goal of this module is to help improve spoken English skills to enable
students to communicate more effectively in English thru online learning. The
goal is to assist the students in developing skills in the goal areas (intelligibility,
vocabulary, grammar, presentation and interactive communication) so that any
deficiencies in skill or practice do not interfere with communication using different
modalities possible.

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 The language skills necessary for effective communication include:
• intelligible pronunciation, stress and intonation patterns;
• listening comprehension skills;
• vocabulary beyond that of the subject matter;
• control of English grammar;
• paraphrasing and elaboration skills;
• coherent organization of information at sentence and discourse levels;
• interactive skills to enhance comprehension.

Course Outline & Assessment Guide

Module 1 – English Grammar Review

Parts of Speech

Noun
Common Noun
Proper Noun
Compound Noun
Countable Noun
Uncountable Noun
Collective Noun
Concrete Noun
Abstract Noun
Gerunds
Exercises 1.1 – 1.7
Pronoun
Personal Pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun
Interrogative Pronoun
Indefinite Pronoun
Reciprocal Pronoun
Relative Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
Intensive Pronoun
Exercises 1.8 – 1.11
Adjective
Descriptive Adjective
Adjective of Quantity
Demonstrative Adjective
Possessive Adjective
Distributive Adjective

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Exercises 1.12-1.14
Verb
Intransitive Verb
Verb to be
Regular Verb
Irregular Verb
Modal Auxiliary Verb
Progressive Verb
Stative Verb
Dynamic Verb
Exercises 1.15– 1.16
Adverb
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Frequency
Exercises 1.17– 1.18
Preposition
Types of Preposition
Simple Preposition
Compound Preposition
Phrase Preposition
Participle Preposition
Double Preposition
Other types of preposition
Preposition of Place
Preposition of Time
Preposition of Direction
Exercises 1.19-1.21
Conjunctions
Types of Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunction
Subordinating Conjunction
Correlative Conjunction
Conjunctive Adverbs
Exercises 1.22-1.23
Interjections
Exercise 1.24

Module 2 - Subject-Verb Agreement

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 Basic Rule – Subject –Verb Agreement
Rule 1
Rule 2
Rule 3
Rule 4
Rule 5
Rule 6
Rule 7
Rule 8
Rule 9
Rule 10
Rule 11
Rule 12
Rule 13
Rule 14
Rule 15
Rule 16
Rule 17
Exercises 1.25-1.29

Module 3 – English Language for Hospitality Management

(Modular Approach)

Module 3-1 : Greeting and Receiving Guests

Module 2: Dealing with Guests‘ Requests
Exercise 2.1
Module 3: Asking for Permission
Module 4: Problems and Complaints
Exercise 2.2
Module 5: Making Comparisons
Exercise 2.3
Module 6: Giving and Receiving Compliments
Exercise 2.4
Module 7: Offering Help and Advice
Exercise 2.5
Module 8: Asking For and Giving Opinions
Exercise 2.6
Module 9: Giving Instructions

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Exercise 2.7
Module 10: Asking for Repeats
Exercise 2.8
Module 11: Describing Hotel Facilities
Exercise 2.9
Module 12: Days and Time
Exercise 2.10
Module 13: Describing Jobs
Exercise 2.11
Module 14: Describing Functions and Purposes
Exercise 2.12
Module 15: Giving Directions
Exercise 2.13-2.14
Module 16: Using the Telephone
Exercise 2.15
Module 17: Bill Settlement
Exercise 2.16-2.17
Module 18: Shopping at the Hotel
Exercise 2.18-2.19
Module 19: Questions
Exercise 2.20-2.21
Module 20: Airline Announcements
Exercise 2.22
Module 21: Tour Guide Script
Exercise 2.23

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English Grammar Review
Parts of Speech
The parts of speech explain how a word is used in a sentence. There are eight main parts
of speech (also known as word classes). These are the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs,
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.

Most parts of speech can be divided into sub-classes. For example, prepositions can be
divided into prepositions of time, prepositions of place, etc. Nouns can be divided into proper
nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns, etc.

It is important to know that a word can sometimes be in more than one part of speech.

For example with the word increase.

1. Increase can be a verb such as – Prices increased …

2. Increase can also be a noun such as – There was an increase in the number of
participants.

The eight main parts of speech in English are:

NOUN - (Naming word)

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or idea.

Below are the different types of nouns in English with an explanation of what each one is
and with examples for each type of noun.

a. Common Nouns

Common nouns are used to name a general type of person, place or thing. Common nouns
can be divided into smaller classes such as countable and uncountable nouns, concrete and abstract
nouns, and collective nouns.

Examples of common nouns: boy, province, friend, house, food

b. Proper Nouns

Proper nouns are used to name a specific person, place or thing. In English, proper nouns
begin with a capital letter.

c. Compound Nouns

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 A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Compound nouns are
sometimes one word (haircut), or words joined by a hyphen (mother-in-law) or as separate words
(bus stop). Most compound nouns are made with nouns that have been modified by adjectives
(full moon) or other nouns (underworld; under is a preposition, while world is a noun).The main
stress is normally on the first part of the compound word (sunglasses, swimming pool)

d. Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. They have a singular and a plural form
and can be used with a number. Sometimes countable nouns are called count nouns.

e. Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. These are sometimes called mass
nouns.

f. Collective Nouns

Collective nouns are words that refer to a set or group of people, animals or things.

g. Concrete Nouns

Concrete nouns are nouns which refer to people and things that exist physically and
at least one of the senses can detect (can be seen, felt, heard, smelled, or tasted).

h. Abstract Nouns

Abstract nouns are nouns that have no physical existence and are not concrete. They refer
to ideas, emotions or concepts a person cannot see, touch, hear, smell or taste. They refer to
emotions, ideas, concepts, tenets, beliefs, or one‘s state of being. Many abstract nouns are
uncountable.

i. Gerunds

A gerund, sometimes called a verbal noun, is a noun formed from a verb. Since all gerunds
end in -ing, they are sometimes confused as being a verb (present participle).
PRONOUN - (Replaces a Noun)
A pronoun is used in place of a noun or noun phrase to avoid repetition.

Examples: I, you, we, they, he, she, it, me, us, them, him, her, this, those
Example sentence/s: Clara is already tired. She wants to take a rest.

There are several different kinds of pronouns, including:

Personal pronouns (e.g., I, he/she, they)

Demonstrative pronouns (e.g., this, that, these, those)
Interrogative pronouns (e.g., what, which, who, whom, whose)
Indefinite pronouns (e.g., any, anybody, anyone, someone, none, several)
Possessive pronouns (e.g., his, yours, mine, hers, theirs, ours)
Reciprocal pronouns (e.g., each other, one another)
Relative pronouns (e.g., which, where, whoever, whomever)
Reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, yourself, itself, himself, oneself)
Intensive pronouns (e.g., itself, himself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves )

A personal pronoun is a word used as a substitute for the proper name of a person. I,
you, he, she, it, we they, me, him, her, us, and them are all personal pronouns.

A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within

a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or
plural.

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are who,
whom, whose, which, and what. Whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever can also be
interrogative pronouns.

An indefinite pronoun refers to a non-specific person or thing. The most common ones
are all, any, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none,
one, several, some, somebody, and someone.

A possessive pronoun replaces a possessive adjective and a noun.

A reciprocal pronoun expresses a mutual action or relationship. In English, the reciprocal

pronouns are:

A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun that often introduces dependent (or relative)
clauses in sentences. They also can stand alone as the subject or object of a sentence.

A reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that is preceded by the adverb, adjective,

pronoun, or noun to which it refers, so long as that antecedent is located within the same clause.

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 The intensive pronouns (also called emphatic pronouns) are myself, yourself, herself,
himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. These words can be either intensive pronouns
or reflexive pronouns. Intensive pronouns are used to add emphasis to statements.

ADJECTIVE - (Describing word)

An adjective describes, modifies or gives more information about a noun or pronoun.

Examples: small, sad, green, old, fun, mad, two, large, essential
Example sentence: The little girl had a green bonnet.

1. Descriptive adjectives

Among the different types of adjectives, descriptive adjectives (reckless, white, big, short,
thin, English).are the most numerous. Note that adjectives modify or describe nouns only and not
verbs. Adjectives describe nouns that refer to action (slow act, hard work); state that comes after
linking verbs (was excited), or quality (gusty wind, happy story).

2. Adjective of quantity

An adjective of quantity tells us the number (how many) or amount (how much) of a
noun, but it does not say exactly how many or how much.

3. Demonstrative adjective

There are four this, that, these, those. The use of this and that with nouns is to show the
nouns are singular (this/that computer = one computer) and these and those with nouns to show
they are plural (these/those bees= more than one bee). words that are used as demonstrative
adjectives:

4. Possessive adjective

A possessive adjective, also called a possessive determiner, expresses possession of a

noun by someone or something by modifying the noun. Possessive adjectives are the same as
possessive pronouns.

5. Distributive adjective

Distributive adjectives describe specific members out of a group. These adjectives

are used to single out one or more individual items or people.
VERB - (Action Word)
A verb shows an action or state of being. A verb shows what someone or something
is doing.

Examples: talk, hop, jog, eat, play, sleep, walk, have, are, is
Example sentence: I jog every morning.

1. Transitive verbs are action verbs that have an object to receive that action.

2. Intransitive verbs are action verbs, but unlike transitive verbs they do not have
an object receiving the action.

Verb to be

3. The verb to be is the most irregular verb in the English language. It is normally a
linking verb showing existence or the condition of the subject. It can also be used as an auxiliary
verb when forming the passive voice.

4. Regular verbs are those verbs whose past tense and past participle (2nd and 3rd forms)
are formed by adding ―d‖ or ―ed‖ to the end of the verb.

5. Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs are those verbs that do not take ‗ed‘ ending for
their past tense and past participle (2nd and 3rd forms).

6. Modal auxiliary verbs are words like can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would,
must, ought to, etc. They are used with other verbs to express ideas such as possibility, prediction,
speculation, deduction and necessity or modal verbs show different moods and attitudes of the
speaker.

Progressive, Stative and Dynamic Verbs

7. The progressive forms of a verb indicate that something is happening or was

happening or will be happening. When used with the past, the progressive form shows the limited
duration of an event.

Stative verbs are verbs that express a state rather than an action. They usually relate to
thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being and measurements. These verbs are not
usually used with ―ing‖ as in progressive (continuous) tenses even though they may take on time
expressions such as now and at the moment. Examples of statives are want, know, have (when it
means possession), think (when it means opinion), like, love, hate, need, prefer, agree, sound, hear
disagree, wish, look (when it means seem), smell, etc.

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 A dynamic vrb (such as run, ride, grow, throw) is primarily used to indicate an action,
process, or sensation. In contrast, a stative verb (such as be, have, seem, know) is primarily used
to describe a state or situation. In English grammar a "dynamic verb" means that the verb describes
an action rather than a state. Examples of dynamic verbs are act, build, complete, design, develop,
draw, fix, gather, handle, head, help, improve, interview, introduce, justify, listen, lead, measure,
narrate, negotiate, orchestrate, originate, outline, perform, persuade, predict, etc.

ADVERB - (Describes a verb)

An adverb describes/modifies a verb or an adjective or another adverb. It tells how,
where, when, how often or to what extent. Many adverbs end in – ly

Examples: quietly, very, always, never, too, well, tomorrow, here

Example sentences: I always have time to eat. Yesterday, I ate my dinner slowly.

Adverbs modify a verb by giving information about the following aspects of a verb.

1. How an action occurs

2. Where an action occurs
3. When an action occurs
4. How often an action occurs

Depending on the above aspects of modification, the adverbs have the following four
types are:

• Adverbs of manner: angrily, happily, easily, sadly, rudely, loudly, fluently,

greedily, etc.

• Adverbs of place: near, there, here, somewhere, inside, outside, ahead, top, high,
bottom, etc.

• Adverbs of time: yesterday, now, then, tomorrow, today, late, early, tonight,
again, soon, etc.

• Adverbs of frequency: often, sometimes, usually, frequently, seldom, daily,

never, occasionally, etc.

1. Adverbs of manner describe the manner of an action or the way of the occurrence of
an action.

2. Adverbs of place express the place of the occurrence of an action or regarding an

action.

3. Adverbs of time states the time of occurrence of an action.

 4. Adverbs of frequency tell about how often (or how many times) an action occurs.
It gives an idea about the frequency of occurrence of an action.