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Longitudinal and Cross Section Report

This document describes procedures for collecting longitudinal and cross-sectional data through surveying. Longitudinal sections show the ground profile along a construction centerline, while cross sections provide perpendicular profiles. Equipment used includes a total station, prisms, poles, and measuring tape. Data is collected at control points along the centerline by measuring elevations of poles placed at set intervals on either side. Reduced levels are then calculated using surveying formulas to determine ground profiles for mapping.

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1K views7 pages

Longitudinal and Cross Section Report

This document describes procedures for collecting longitudinal and cross-sectional data through surveying. Longitudinal sections show the ground profile along a construction centerline, while cross sections provide perpendicular profiles. Equipment used includes a total station, prisms, poles, and measuring tape. Data is collected at control points along the centerline by measuring elevations of poles placed at set intervals on either side. Reduced levels are then calculated using surveying formulas to determine ground profiles for mapping.

Uploaded by

AnasKT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project 5.

0: LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS SECTION


5.1 Introduction.
Longitudinal section shows the shape or profile of the existing
ground surface along the proposed centre line of the construction.
for cross sections the height data is obtained by taking levels along
laid out at right angles to the centre line .levels are taken on both
sides of the centre line and depending on the shape of the existing
ground .the purpose is to obtain the reduce levels of a specific
points.
In practice data for longitudinal and cross sections are usually
collected at same time. Starting from a control with known reduced
level .

5.2 Objective.
 To determine the reduced levels along chainages.
 To provide the shape of existing ground surface perpendicular
to the centre of long section.
5.3 Equipment
a) 1 Total station
b) 1 Prism
c) 2 Mini prisms
d) 2Poles
e) 2 Tripods
f) 1 Hammer
g) Wooden pads
h) Nails
i) 1 Measuring tape
j) spray
5.4 procedures
 The total station is placed at the first electric pole at the start of
our site which we called CH0 (chainage 0).
 The prism is placed at the nearest CS (control station) with a
known RL. We chose CS11.
 The total station and prism are turned to face each other and
horizontal angle of 0 00’ 00’’ is keyed in.
 The vertical distance, horizontal angle, height of total station,
horizontal distance and height of prism is measured.
 A wooden peg or nail is placed every 20 meters in between the
points 4 or 5 times.
 The total station is turned to and angle of 90 00’ 00’’ clockwise.
 2 poles 2 meters apart with mini prism is placed along the 90
degree line.The maximum allowable distance between the
poles are 4 meters.
 The horizontal and vertical distance, the height of the pole is
recorded.
 The total station is then turned clockwise at an angle of 270
degrees to the other side of the road. The poles are placed 2
meters apart again at the line of the angle. The reading s are
taken.
 The process is repeated 4 times at every marked chainage.
 After all the data is recorded, reduced level for longitudinal and
cross section is calculated.
 The longitudinal and cross sectional profile along all the
chainages is sketched and produced using AutoCad.
5.5 Calculation and result
We use the Electronic and Tacheometric Formulae below to
calculate the reduced levels of the chainages.

RLunknown = RLknown + i ± VD – T
Whereby;
RLknown- is the reduced levels from levelling
I = height of the prism
T = height of pole
VD = vertical distance.

INST BACKSIG HORIZON HORIZON VERTIC HEIG R.L


STN HT TAL TAL AL HT AT
AND BEARIN ANGLE DISTANCE DISTAN OF POL
HT
OF
G STN CE POLE E
INST
AXIS
CH0
– 00˚00′00″   8.582 0.14 1.663 3.393
CS11
          1.666 3.536
             
             
             
CH0
– 00˚00′00″   19.995 0.082 1.67 3.536
CH20

  90˚00′00″   -0.486 1.5


  3.22

  90˚00′00″   -0.691 1.56


  2.785
270˚00′00
    -0.276 1.465
″   3.355
270˚00′00
    0.771 1.55
″   4.222
CH20
– 00˚00′00″   -0.306 1.46
CH40   3.788

  90˚00′00″   -0.279 1.55


  3.059

  90˚00′00″   0.163 2
  5.951
270˚00′00
         
″ 2.238
270˚00′00
    0.201 1.55
″   3.909
CH40
– 00˚00′00″   20.009 0.054 1.63
CH60 3.922

  90˚00′00″   -0.214 1.55


  3.144
270˚00′00
    0.025 1.98
″   4.243
270˚00′00
    0.252 1.55
″   5.59
            2.208
CH60
00˚00′00″   21.99 0.076 1.58
– 3.894
CH80

  90˚00′00″   -0.158 1.55


  3.63

  90˚00′00″   -0.383 1.55


  3.495
270˚00′00
    0.03 1.46
″   3.728
270˚00′00
    0.168 1.55
″   3.936
CH80
–
00˚00′00″   20.98 0.069 1.57
CH10
0 5.531

  90˚00′00″   1.46 6.926 -0.104 10.82


4

  90˚00′00″   1.56 8.971 -0.214 12.40


1
270˚00′00
    1.94 2.121 0.144
″ 6.12
270˚00′00
    1.55 4.12 -0.067
″ 7.841
5.6 Conclusion

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