Construction Engineering and Management (Group 4) : Topics To Be Discussed

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CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (GROUP 4)

Topics to be Discussed

 What is Construction Engineering and Management?


 Brief History of Construction Engineering Management
 Structural Engineer Vs. Construction Engineer/Construction Manager
 Job Responsibilities of a Construction Engineer
 Careers in Construction Engineering
 Construction Laws and Regulations
 Types of Construction Projects
 Key Features in Construction Project
 Participants in Project Construction
 Managing a Construction Project

What is Construction Engineering and Management?

 Construction Engineering – professional DISCIPLINE that deals with designing, and planning of
infrastructures.
 Construction Management – professional SERVICE that uses specialized project management
techniques to oversee the planning, design, and construction of a project from its beginning to
its end.
 One of the core branches of Civil Engineering
 Involves application of technical and scientific knowledge to infrastructure construction projects.
 Represent disciplines that focus on designing and overseeing the actual construction or project
execution.

History of Construction Engineering and Management

 United States
o Construction courses are only specialty topics in civil engineering for several decades.
o In 1900s, the standards for skills and knowledge were increased in all fields.
o After World War II, construction engineering community was established with 2 goals:
1. recognition as a discipline
2. survival as a formal engineering field of academic study
 Texas A&M University in 1946 after hiring Robert Peurifoy
 Frederick H. Kellogg of University of Mississippi
 Eugene Grant at Stanford University
 Walter Voss at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
o In the next decade, construction engineering and management was questioned as a true
academic pursuit.
o In early 1960s, the world witnessed the initiation of graduate construction engineering
and management programs at some universities.
 Over 40 of these programs existed in 1980s
 An increase in the number of academics receiving doctorate degrees under
construction within civil engineering departments
 Today, there are 120 full-time faculties in civil engineering-based construction
programs distributed among 52 universities in the US

Construction Engineer/ Construction Manager vs. Structural Engineer

Job Responsibilities of a Construction Engineer/Manager

 Planning and overseeing the construction operations of a project.


 Designing
 Checking and modifying plans and specifications for constructability, efficiency, and safety.
 Developing cost estimates and preparing bids.
 Utilizing Building Information Modeling

Careers in Construction Engineering

 Engineers for Infrastructure Projects


 General Contractors
 Owners and Developers
 Mechanical/Electrical Contractors
 Renewable Energies
 Consulting and Design Firms
 Oil and Gas Industry
 Aviation Industry

Construction Laws and Regulations


 Construction law builds upon general legal principles and methodologies and incorporates:
o regulatory framework
o contract methodologies and selection
o subcontract issues
o insurance and performance security
o dispute resolution and avoidance
 Regulations in construction mostly cover health and safety during projects. Environmental
health is also important, hence hazardous substance and material as well as waste management
is being regulated.
 Examples of Construction Law and Regulations in the Philippines
o Presidential Decree No. 1096
o National Building Code of the Philippines
o The Philippine Green Building Code
o RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act)
o RA 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines)
o Department Order No.198 of Department of Labor and Employment
 Laws covering legal matter regarding contracts and management in construction
o Article 1156 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
o Presidential Decree No. 1746 (CREATING THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES (CIAP))

Types of Construction Projects

1. PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS


o Residential Construction
 performed to a single-family residence or a residential facility with (usually) less
than 3 or 4 units.
o Commercial Construction
 include building restaurants, grocery stores, skyscrapers, shopping centers, sports
facilities, hospitals, private schools and universities.
o Industrial Construction
 include power plants, manufacturing plants, solar wind farms, refineries.
2. STATE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
o “state construction” means any government funded construction that is not “federal”
3. FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
o Residential Housing Construction
 includes houses and high-rise apartments
 During the development and construction of such projects, the developers usually
serve as surrogate owners and take charge, making necessary contractual
agreements for design and construction, and arranging the financing and sale of the
completed structures.
o Institutional and Commercial Building Construction
 encompasses a great variety of project types and sizes, such as schools and
universities, medical centers and hospitals, sports facilities, shopping centers,
warehouses and light manufacturing plants, and skyscrapers for offices and hotels
o Specialized Industrial Construction
 usually involves very large-scale projects with a high degree of technological
complexity, such as oil refineries, steel mills, chemical processing plants and coal-
fired or nuclear power plants
o Infrastructure and Heavy Construction
 Includes projects such as highways, tunnels, bridges, pipelines, drainage systems
and sewage treatment plants.
 Most of these projects are publicly owned and therefore financed either through
bonds or taxes
 Characterized by a high degree of mechanization, which has gradually replaced
some labor-intensive operations.

Key Features in Construction Project

1. Time-driven
o The time limit for completion of project shall be defined.
2. Unique
o The project should be unique as well as complex. It involves different stages of planning
and designing
3. Cost effective
o The total cost of construction project shall be defined and project shall be completed
within the given budget
4. Complex
o The Construction project is complex and it involves a number of individuals from
different departments. The construction project shall consists of a number of associated
activities contributing to the project as a whole
Participants in Project Construction

1. Client - the owner of the facility or project and the one defining the requirements of the
project, often setting the parameters such as the allotted budget and deadlines.
2. Investor - have a large impact in the allotment of the funds needed to fulfill the necessities
of the project.
3. Contractor - a person who builds or perform works on buildings and execute most of the
construction work.
4. Designer - carry out the design of the project, may it be functional, aesthetic or structural.
5. Project Manager - render certain services on contract basis.
6. Consultant - Third-party consultants may or may not be the Primary Designers, and are
more specialized in a particular field. A consultant works on a project-basis and works with
often highly specialized tasks.

Managing a Construction Project

 Pre-Construction Phase
1. Project Initiation
o During the first phase, the objective and the feasibility of the project are determined.
This is a crucial stage of the whole process since it can indicate whether this project is a
good opportunity or not. If necessary, a feasibility study is conducted and based on its
results a recommended solution/plan is issued.
o Once everything is decided, a project initiation document (PID) is created. The project
initiation document provides the groundwork for the construction plan and is one of the
most vital artifacts in project management
2. Planning Phase
o also known as scope management
o where the team singles out all the work to be done
o main priority is to plan time, costs and resources for the project.
3. Construction Phase
o Review plans and documents for Construction.
o Assists owner to pre-qualify Suppliers, General Contractors & Sub-contractors.
o Conduct pre-bidding conferences to local suppliers and sub-contractors.
o Assists the Owner issue Notices of Award and Notices to Proceed.
o Conducts Pre-construction meetings with awarded local suppliers and sub-contractors.
o Assists the Contractors to set up quality control.
o Inspect works in progress to make sure that Plans and Specifications are followed.
o Coordinate with Designers for construction queries and verifications on site.
o Witness test of materials and equipment to ensure that Plans and Specifications are
being followed.
4. Billing
o Review all applications for progress billing by Contractors and Suppliers the submit
recommendations to Owner and Consultants.
o Review documents and monitor all change orders for legitimacy and fairness
5. Project Administration
o Conducts a weekly site coordination meeting and prepare minutes to be submitted to
Consultants and Owner.
o Issue non-compliance notices to Contractors and Suppliers if they fail to comply with
their contractual obligations.
o Coordinate with Consultants and Contractors regarding issuances, clarifications, and
interpretations of plans and specifications.
o Prepares purchasing schedule for Owner Supplier Materials (OSM) to guide the Owner
o Coordinate delivery of OSM.
o Inspect OSM before turn-over to Contractors.
o Maintains filing of project records, jobsite logbooks, change order documents, billings of
contractors & suppliers, submittals, shop drawings, minutes of meetings, test results
and other construction documents.
o Establishes safety, sanitations and security requirements. Monitors compliance of
Contractors with these.
 Post Construction
o final stage of the project that represents its official completion
 Conducts inspection with the Owner and Consultants upon the advice of
Contractors.
 Prepare final punch list showing the items that needs to be corrected.
 Assist the Owner test equipment and make final adjustments.
 Review as-built drawings, equipment operating and maintenance manuals
submitted by the Contractors and Suppliers.
 Assist the Owner issuance of acceptance certificates.

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