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Lec 5 - Sequential Structures

The document outlines a lecture on sequential algorithms and structure. It discusses how sequential logic structure executes instructions one after another in a sequence. An example of calculating the area of a circle is provided to illustrate the sequential problem solving process, which includes problem analysis, developing solutions using pseudocode, algorithms, flowcharts, coding the solution, and testing it.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
69 views9 pages

Lec 5 - Sequential Structures

The document outlines a lecture on sequential algorithms and structure. It discusses how sequential logic structure executes instructions one after another in a sequence. An example of calculating the area of a circle is provided to illustrate the sequential problem solving process, which includes problem analysis, developing solutions using pseudocode, algorithms, flowcharts, coding the solution, and testing it.

Uploaded by

Abdulhalim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

1/4/2022

Lecture Outline
SWE1301: Introduction to Problem
Solving and Software Development • Sequential Algorithms
• Structure
• Examples

Lecture 06 : Sequential Structure


Venue : CIT Theatre
Presented by: M. I. Mukhtar

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Recall-Structures of Algorithms Sequential Logic Structure


• The sequential structure executes instructions • The most commonly used and the simplest logic
one after another in a sequence. structure is the sequential structure.
• All problems use the sequential structure, and most
problems use it in conjunction with one or more of
• The decision structure branches to execute one the other logic structures.
of two possible sets of instructions.
• The sequential structure executes instructions one
• The loop structure executes a set of after another in a sequence.
instructions many times.
• A programmer who uses the sequential logic
structure is asking the computer to process a set of
instructions in sequence from the top to the bottom of
an algorithm.

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Sequential Logic Structure Format Example 1


• Using appropriate solution tools, solve the
problem of calculating the area of a circle.

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Recall Solution: Problem Analysis Chart..


Step 1, 2,3,4: • Calculate the Area of a circle given the radius (r)
PAC, • The Area is calculated by multiplying the ∏ with
• Identify problem.
Pseudocode, radius.
• Understand problem.
Flowchart Given Data Required Results
• Identify alternatives ways.
• Choose best way.
r Area
Step 5: ∏
Algorithm, Processing Required Solution alternative
• List the instruction
Flowchart
Area = ∏r2 1. Define r2 as r * r or pow(r,2)
2. Define r as a constant (assign
Step 6: Coding value to r) or input value.

• Evaluate the solution & Programming languages us PI instead of ∏


Testing symbol
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Solution: Pseudocode Solution: Algorithms…


From Example 1; From Example 1:
• Enter the radius and PI • Step 1: Enter radius
• Calculate Area • Step 2: Enter PI
• Display Area • Step 3: Area = PI * radius * radius
• Step 4: Print Area
• Step 5 : End
Or
• Step 1: Enter radius
• Step 2: Enter PI
• Step 3: Area = PI * pow (radius,2)
• Step 4: Print Area
• Step 5 : End
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Solution: Flowchart Solution: Testing solution for Bugs


• Desk Check with the following
• Radius of 10
START
• Radius of -2

Read radius • Desk check is a manual technique for


checking the logic and correctness of an
Area = PI * radius * radius algorithm.

Print Area

STOP

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Solution: Coding in Python Solution: Testing code for Bugs


From Example 1 • Test with the following
1. Alternative 1 • Radius of 10
import math • Radius of -2
radius = float (input("Enter the radius"))
Area = math.pi * radius * radius
print(Area)

2. Alternative 2
radius = 12
Area = math.pi * pow(radius,2)
print(“The area of a circle with radius”, r,
“is”,Area)
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Example 2 Solution- PAC


• Using appropriate solution tools, solve the Given Data Required result
problem of reading two numbers (n1 and n2 )
and finding their sum. n1 , n2 Sum

• Desk Check with the following


• 10 and 18 Required Processing Solution alternative
• -2 and 32
Define n1 and n2 as a
Sum = n1 + n2 constant or input value.

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Solution- Algorithm & Flowcharts Solution: Coding in Python


Algorithm Flowchart Desk Checking n1= float(input("enter the first number"))
n2= float(input("enter the second number"))
START
Sum = n1 + n2
Step 1: Read n1. Read n1 n1=10, n2= 18 print (Sum)
n1=-2, n2 = 32
Step 2: Read n2. Read n2

Step 3: Sum =n1+n2 Sum = n1 + n2 Sum = 10 + 18


Sum = -2 + 32
Step 4: Print Sum Print Sum

Step 5 : End 28
STOP 30

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Example 3 Solution- PAC


• Using appropriate solution tools, solve the Given Data Required result
problem of converting the length in feet(LFT) to
length in centimeter (LCM) . Given that LCM= LFT LCM
LFT* 30

Required Processing Solution alternative


• Desk Check with the following
•2 Define LCM as a
• 10 LCM= LFT * 30 constant or input value.

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Solution- Algorithm & Flowchart Solution: Coding in Python


Algorithm Flowchart Test LFT= float(input("enter the length in feet"))
LCM = LFT * 30
START LFT = 2 print (LCM)
Step 1: Input LFT. Input LFT
LFT = 10
Step 2: LCM = LFT * LCM = 2 * 30
30 LCM =LFT * 30
LCM= 10 * 30
Step 3: Print LCM
Print LCM 60
Step 4 : End 300

STOP

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Example 4 Solution- Algorithm & Flowchart


• Using appropriate solution tools, solve the Algorithm Flowchart
problem of finding the average of five numbers.
START

• Test with 2,8,5,9 Step 1: Read Read


n1,n2,n3,n4,n5 n1,n2,n3,n4,n5

Step 2: Average= Average =


(n1+n2+n3+n4+n5)/5 (n1+n2+n3+n4+n5)/5

Step 3: Print Average Print Average

Step 4 : End
STOP

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Solution: Coding in Python Example 5


n1= float(input("enter the first number")) • Using appropriate solution tools, solve the
n2= float(input("enter the second number")) problem of calculating the volume and Area of a
n3= float(input("enter the third number")) sphere.
n4= float(input("enter the fourth number")) • Given that :
n5= float(input("enter the fifth number"))
Average = (n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5)/5
print(Average)

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Solution- Algorithm & Flowchart Solution- Algorithm & Flowchart


Algorithm Flowchart Algorithm Flowchart

START START

Enter r Enter r
Step 1: Enter r Step 1: Enter r

Step 2: Volume= Volume = Step 2: Area= 4*PI*pow Area =


(4*PI*pow (r,3))/3 (4*PI*pow (r,3))/3 (r,2) 4*PI*pow (r,2)

Print Volume Print Area


Step 3: Print Volume Step 3: Print Area
STOP STOP
Step 4 : End Step 4 : End
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Solution: Coding in Python Example 6


import math • Using appropriate solution tools, solve the
r = float (input("enter radius")) problem of asking a user to enter his/her name
Volume = (4 * math.pi * pow(r,3))/3 and then outputs a message in the format (the
name of the person plus “Welcome to problem
Area = ( 4 * math.pi * pow(r,2))
solving class”).
print (Volume , "and" , Area)

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Solution- PAC Solution- Algorithm & Flowchart


Given Data Required result Algorithm Flowchart

START
name message
Read name
Step 1: Read name.
Required Processing Solution alternative Message = name + “welcome to
Step 2: Message = name +
problem solving class”
“welcome to problem
solving class”
Message = name +
welcome to problem Print Message
solving class Step 3: Print Message
STOP
Step 4 : End

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Solution: Coding in Python Exercises


name = str(input("enter your name")) • Using appropriate solution tools, solve the
Message = name + " welcome to problem solving problem of reading two numbers (n1 and n2 )
class" and finding their product and difference.
print(Message)

• Using appropriate solution tools, solve the


problem of calculating area of a trapezium.

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Questions??

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