PRACTICAL FILE OF

COMPUTER
GRAPHICS

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

Mr. Sanjay Kataria Pankaj Gill

INDEX
Aim Page Remarks
1. Write a program to draw a stick man 2
2. Write a program to draw a rectangle using 4
line function
3. Write a program to draw a line using DDA’s line 6
drawing algorithm
4. Write a program to draw a line using 9
Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm
5. Write a program to draw a circle using 12
equation of circle
6 Write a program to draw a circle using 14
Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm
7. Write a program to draw a circle using midpoint 17
circle drawing algorithm
8. Write a program to draw a circle using polar co- 20
ordinates
9. Write a program to fill a circle using Boundary 23
Fill Algorithm
10. Write a program to fill a circle using Flood Fill 27
Algorithm
11. Write a program for line clipping using cohen- 30
Sutherland algorithm
12. Write a program to translate a triangle 36
about the origin
13. Write a program to scale a triangle about a 39
fixed point taken as one of the vertex of
the triangle
14. Write a program to rotate a triangle about 42
a fixed point taken as one of the vertex of
the triangle

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PRACTICAL NO.1
Write a program to draw a stick man
#include<math.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

void main()

intgd=DETECT,gm;

int x,y,r,c1;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

circle(150,70,70);

circle(120,50,10);

circle(190,50,10);

line(155,60,155,80);

arc(155,100,180,360,20);

line(130,140,130,170);

line(170,140,170,170);

rectangle(80,170,230,260);

line(110,260,110,360);

line(205,260,205,360);

line(80,190,55,240);

line(230,190,255,240);

getch();

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 2
Write a program to draw a rectangle using line function
#include<graphics.h>

void main()

intgd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");

line(100,100,100,300);

line(100,100,300,100);

line(100,300,300,300);

line(300,100,300,300);

getch();

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 3
Write a program to draw a line using DDA’s line drawing
algorithm
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<dos.h>

voidlineDDA(int,int,int,int);

void main()

int x1,y1,xn,yn;

intgd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

printf("enter the starting coordinates of the line:");

scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);

printf("enter the ending coordinates of the line:");

scanf("%d%d",&xn,&yn);

lineDDA(x1,y1,xn,yn);

getch();

voidlineDDA(int x1,int y1,int xn,intyn)

intdx,dy,m,i;

m=(yn-y1)/(xn-x1);

for(i=x1;i<=xn;i++)

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{

if(m<=1)

dx=1;

dy=(m*dx);

else

dy=1;

dx=(dy/m);

x1=x1+dx;

y1=y1+dy;

putpixel(x1,y1,RED);

delay(20);

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OUTPUT

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PROGRAM NO.4
Write a program to draw a line using Bresenham’s line
drawing algorithm
#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<dos.h>

voidlineBres(int,int,int,int);

void main()

int x1,y1,xn,yn;

intgd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

printf("Enter the starting coordinate at line:");

scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);

printf("Enter the ending coordinate at line:");

scanf("%d%d", &xn, &yn);

lineBres(x1,y1,xn,yn);

getch();

voidlineBres(int x1,int y1,int xn,intyn)

int dx = xn-x1,dy=yn-y1;

int di = 2*dy-dx;

int ds = 2*dy,dt = 2*(dy-dx);

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putpixel(x1,y1,RED);

while(x1<xn)

x1++;

if(di<0)

di=di+ds;

else

y1++;

di=di+dt;

putpixel(x1,y1,RED);

delay(20);

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 5
Write a program to draw a circle using equation of circle
#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

void main()

intgd=DETECT,gm;

int x,y,r,c1;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

circle(200,200,50);

getch();

closegraph();

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 6
Write a program to draw a circle using Bresenham’s
circle drawing algorithm
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<dos.h>

#include<graphics.h>

voidcircleBres(int,int,int);

voiddrawcircle(int,int,int,int);

void main()

intxc,yc,r;

intgd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

printf("Enter the centre coordinates of the circle");

scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);

printf("Enter radius of circle:");

scanf("%d",&r);

circleBres(xc,yc,r);

getch();

voidcircleBres(intxc,intyc,int r)

int x=0,y=r;

int d=3-2*r;

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while(x<y)

drawcircle(xc,yc,x,y);

x++;

if(d<0)

d=d+4*(x)+6;

else

y--;

d=d+4*(x-y)+10;

drawcircle(xc,yc,x,y);

delay(50);

voiddrawcircle(intxc,intyc,intx,int y)

putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,RED);

putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,YELLOW);

putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,BLUE);

putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,GREEN);

putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,GREEN);

putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,YELLOW);

putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,RED);

putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,YELLOW);

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 7
Write a program to draw a circle using midpoint circle
drawing algorithm
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
voidcirclemidpoint(int,int,int);
voiddrawcircle(int,int,int,int);
void main()
{
intxc,yc,r;
intgd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("Enter center coordinates of the circle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
printf("Enter radius of the circle: ");
scanf("%d",&r);
circlemidpoint(xc,yc,r);
getch();
}
voidcirclemidpoint(intxc,intyc,int r)
{
int x=0,y=r;
int p=1-r;
while(x<y)
{
drawcircle(xc,yc,x,y);
x++;
if(p<0)
{

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p=p+2*x+1;
}
else
{
y--;
p=p+2*(x-y)+1;
}
drawcircle(xc,yc,x,y);
delay(50);
}
}
voiddrawcircle(intxc,intyc,intx,int y)
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,RED);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,BLUE);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,GREEN);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,RED);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+xGREEN);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,YELLOW);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x, YELLOW);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x, YELLOW);
}

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 8
Write a program to draw a circle using polar co-
ordinates
#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<conio.h>

voidacircle(inth,intk,int r);

voiddpixel(intx,inty,inth,int k);

void main()

intgd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

setbkcolor(YELLOW);

acircle(100,100,100);

getch();

closegraph();

voidacircle(inth,intk,int r)

inty,x;

int theta;

for(theta=0;theta<=360;theta+=1)

{ x=r*cos(theta);

y=r*sin(theta);

dpixel(x,y,h,k);

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}

voiddpixel(intx,inty,inth,int k)

putpixel(x+h,y+k,RED);

putpixel(y+h,x+k,RED);

putpixel(-y+h,x+k,RED);

putpixel(-x+h,y+k,RED);

putpixel(-x+h,-y+k,RED);

putpixel(-y+h,-x+k,RED);

putpixel(y+h,-x+k,RED);

putpixel(x+h,-y+k,RED);

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 9
Write a program to fill a circle using Boundary Fill
Algorithm
#include<graphics.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<conio.h>

voiddcircle(inth,intk,int r);

voiddpixel(intx,inty,inth,int k);

voidcfill(intx,int y, intfcolor, intbcolor);

void main()

intgd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

setbkcolor(YELLOW);

dcircle(30,30,27);

cfill(30,30,BLUE,RED);

getch();

closegraph();

voiddcircle(inth,intk,int r)

inty,i;

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for(i=0;i<=r;i++)

y=sqrt((r*r-(i)*(i)));

dpixel(i,y,h,k);

voiddpixel(intx,inty,inth,int k)

putpixel(x+h,y+k,RED);

putpixel(y+h,x+k,RED);

putpixel(-y+h,x+k,RED);

putpixel(-x+h,y+k,RED);

putpixel(-x+h,-y+k,RED);

putpixel(-y+h,-x+k,RED);

putpixel(y+h,-x+k,RED);

putpixel(x+h,-y+k,RED);

voidcfill(intx,int y, intfcolor, intbcolor)

int current;

current=getpixel(x,y);

if(current!=bcolor&& current!=fcolor)

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{

putpixel(x,y,fcolor);

cfill(x+1,y,BLUE,RED);

cfill(x-1,y,BLUE,RED);

cfill(x,y+1,BLUE,RED);

cfill(x,y-1,BLUE,RED);

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 10
Write a program to fill a circle using Flood Fill Algorithm
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
voiddcircle(inth,intk,int r);
voiddpixel(intx,inty,inth,int k);
voidffill(intx,int y, intfcolor, intbcolor);
void main()
{
intgd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
setbkcolor(YELLOW);
dcircle(30,30,27);
ffill(30,30,YELLOW,BLACK);
getch();
closegraph();
}
voiddcircle(inth,intk,int r)
{
inty,i;
for(i=0;i<=r;i++)
{
y=sqrt((r*r-(i)*(i)));
dpixel(i,y,h,k);
}
}

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voiddpixel(intx,inty,inth,int k)
{
putpixel(x+h,y+k,RED);
putpixel(y+h,x+k,RED);
putpixel(-y+h,x+k,RED);
putpixel(-x+h,y+k,RED);
putpixel(-x+h,-y+k,RED);
putpixel(-y+h,-x+k,RED);
putpixel(y+h,-x+k,RED);
putpixel(x+h,-y+k,RED);
}
voidffill(intx,int y, intfcolor, intbcolor)
{
if(getpixel(x,y)==bcolor)
{
putpixel(x,y,fcolor);
ffill(x+1,y,YELLOW,BLACK);
ffill(x-1,y,YELLOW,BLACK);
ffill(x,y+1,YELLOW,BLACK);
ffill(x,y-1,YELLOW,BLACK);
}
}

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OUTPUT

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PROGRAM NO. 11
Write a program for line clipping using cohen Sutherland
algorithm
#include<stdio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<conio.h>

typedef unsigned intoutcode;

enum { TOP=0x1, BOTTOM=0x2, RIGHT=0x4, LEFT=0x8 };

voidlineclip(x0,y0,x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax )

float x0,y0,x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax;

intgd,gm;

outcode code0,code1,codeout;

int accept = 0, done=0;

code0 = calcode(x0,y0,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);

code1 = calcode(x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);

do{

if(!(code0 | code1))

accept =1 ; done =1;

else

if(code0 & code1)

done = 1;

else

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{

floatx,y;

codeout = code0 ? code0 : code1;

if(codeout& TOP)

x = x0 + (x1-x0)*(ywmax-y0)/(y1-y0);

y = ywmax;

else

if(codeout& BOTTOM)

x = x0 + (x1-x0)*(ywmin-y0)/(y1-y0);

y = ywmin;

else

if ( codeout& RIGHT)

y = y0+(y1-y0)*(xwmax-x0)/(x1-x0);

x = xwmax;

else

y = y0 + (y1-y0)*(xwmin-x0)/(x1-x0);

x = xwmin;

if(codeout == code0)

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{

x0 = x; y0 = y;

code0=calcode(x0,y0,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywma
x);

else

x1 = x; y1 = y;

code1 =
calcode(x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);

while( done == 0);

if(accept)

line(x0,y0,x1,y1);

rectangle(xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);

getch();

intcalcode (x,y,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax)

floatx,y,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax;

int code =0;

if(y>ywmax)

code |=TOP;

else if( y<ywmin)

code |= BOTTOM;

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else if(x >xwmax)

code |= RIGHT;

else if ( x<xwmin)

code |= LEFT;

return(code);

main()

float x2,y2,x1,y1,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax;

intgd=DETECT,gm;

clrscr();

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"e:\\tc\\bgi");

printf("\n\n\tEnter the co-ordinates of Line :");

printf("\n\n\tX1 Y1 : ");

scanf("%f %f",&x1,&y1);

printf("\n\n\tX2 Y2 : ");

scanf("%f %f",&x2,&y2);

printf("\n\tEnter the co_ordinates of window :\n ");

printf("\n\txwmin , ywmin : ");

scanf("%f %f",&xwmin,&ywmin);

printf("\n\txwmax , ywmax : ");

scanf("%f %f",&xwmax,&ywmax);

clrscr();

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

rectangle(xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax);

getch();

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clrscr();

lineclip(x1,y1,x2,y2,xwmin,ywmin,xwmax,ywmax );

getch();

closegraph();

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 12
Write a program to translate a triangle about the origin
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<process.h>

#include<math.h>

voidRectAngle(intx,inty,intHeight,int Width);

void Translate(intx,inty,intHeight,int Width);

void main()

intgd=DETECT,gm;

intx,y,Height,Width;

initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");

printf("Enter the First point for the Rectangle:");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

printf("Enter the Height&Width for the Rectangle:");

scanf("%d%d",&Height,&Width);

RectAngle(x,y,Height,Width);

getch();

cleardevice();

Translate(x,y,Height,Width);

RectAngle(x,y,Height,Width);

getch();

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}

voidRectAngle(intx,inty,intHeight,int Width)

line(x,y,x+Width,y);

line(x,y,x,y+Height);

line(x+Width,y,x+Width,y+Height);

line(x,y+Height,x+Width,y+Height);

void Translate(intx,inty,intHeight,int Width)

intNewx,Newy,a,b;

printf("Enter the Transaction coordinates");

scanf("%d%d",&Newx,&Newy);

cleardevice();

a=x+Newx;

b=y+Newy;

RectAngle(a,b,Height,Width);

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OUTPUT

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PRACTICAL NO. 13
Write a program to scale a triangle about a fixed point
taken as one of the vertex of the triangle
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4;
intsx,sy;
int poly[8];
intgd=DETECT,gm; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
cleardevice();
printf("Enter the first coordinates of triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the second coordinates of triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
printf("Enter the third coordinates of triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x3,&y3);
poly[0]=x1;
poly[1]=y1;
poly[2]=x2;
poly[3]=y2;
poly[4]=x3;
poly[5]=y3;
poly[6]=x1;
poly[7]=y1;
cleardevice();
drawpoly(4,poly);
getch();
printf("Enter the scaling factors: ");

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scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);
x4=sx*x1-x1;
y4=sy*y1-y1;
x1=sx*x1-x4;
y1=sy*y1-y4;
x2=sx*x2-x4;
y2=sy*y2-y4;
x3=sx*x3-x4;
y3=sy*y3-y4;
poly[0]=x1;
poly[1]=y1;
poly[2]=x2;
poly[3]=y2;
poly[4]=x3;
poly[5]=y3;
poly[6]=x1;
poly[7]=y1;
getch();
cleardevice();
drawpoly(4,poly);2
getch();
closegraph();
}

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OUTPUT

After Scaling

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Program No. 14
Write a program to rotate a triangle about a fixed point
taken as one of the vertex of the triangle
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<math.h>
void TriAngle(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void Rotate(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void main()
{
intgd=DETECT,gm;
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
printf("Enter the 1st point for the triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the 2nd point for the triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
printf("Enter the 3rd point for the triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&x3,&y3);
TriAngle(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
cleardevice();
Rotate(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
setcolor(5);
TriAngle(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
}
voidTriAngle(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{

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line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
void Rotate(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
int x,y,a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3;
float Angle;
printf("Enter the angle for rotation: ");
scanf("%f",&Angle);
cleardevice();
Angle=(Angle*3.14)/180;
a1=x2+(x1-x2)*cos(Angle)-(y1-y2)*sin(Angle);
b1=y2+(x1-x2)*sin(Angle)+(y1-y2)*cos(Angle);
a2=x2+(x2-x2)*cos(Angle)-(y2-y2)*sin(Angle);
b2=y2+(x2-x2)*sin(Angle)+(y2-y2)*cos(Angle);
a3=x2+(x3-x2)*cos(Angle)-(y3-y2)*sin(Angle);
b3=y2+(x3-x2)*sin(Angle)+(y3-y2)*cos(Angle);
printf("Rotated: ");
TriAngle(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3);
}

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OUTPUT

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