Fundamentals of Investigation and Intelligence

Unit 1: Fundamentals of Investigation

Pretest

Direction. Expound the following questions. (5pts each)

How do you define crime?
*Crime is a wrong doing committed by a criminal. It is an act that contradicts the
made constitution and is punishable by the law. In simple words; it is an act describe in a law
which prohibits anyone from committing or doing it. Once someone violated a law it means
that he committed a suicide.

How will you considered that a certain act or action of an individual as a crime?
*It always has to do with the ethics, norms and mores of a certain community, In other words,
and act or action is considered as a crime if someone violated the law. Let's say someone
stole something from someone else. Then he or she has broken the Mores [a.k.a. the Laws],
which in turn has broken the Norms, which in turn has broken the community's ethical
standards.

Are there instances that the definition of the term crime varies in every place?
*Yes. There are a few definitions of crimes that vary in other places. The main reason
is that it is influenced by the traditions and cultures of a particular community. Let's say, for
example, in the Muslim community, polygamy is acceptable to them, while on a normal
basis, having an unfair relationship while married is a crime and is punishable by law. 

What do you think is the importance of law in the society?

* Law abides all citizen to be disciplined and just in a society. Therefore, the law is
being implemented for it to be followed with preciseness for everyone to live in harmony,
functional and peaceful community. On the other hand, law is important to provide justice for
everyone who are oppressed in any form.
Learning Activities

Activity 1 and 2 is on Progress…

Activity 3. Bridging Questions

What do you know and understand about criminal responsibility?

*Criminal responsibility, commonly known as the insanity defense, relates more
particularly asking if the defendant had the mental capacity to distinguish between right and
wrong and could govern his or her behavior properly at the time of the alleged offense.

Do you think there are instances that a person will be exempt from criminal liability?
Support your answer.
*Yes. If the defendant is proven to have a mental disability where he can’t grasp
what’s right from wrong he or she is exempted from the crime. Instead he will undergo
mental rehabilitation.
What do you know about investigative police power?
*Police power is an authority given to law enforcers where they practice their
jurisdiction through arrest with or without a warrant at any given time as long as it is
necessary.

How important do you think is the investigative powers of the police?

It is important in solving criminal and judicial cases effectively wherein it is being
demonstrated in there outmost credibility and preciseness. Investigative powers can
accommodate proper protocol in police works when it comes to investigation.

Posttest: Remembering

Direction. Write the correct answer on a space provided.

1. Criminal is any person suspected, accused or otherwise charge of a crime either through
an act or omission.
2. Criminal Law are those law which makes and act as a crime (mala prohibita) as a result of
enactment of law as crafted by the congress in the form of Republic Acts.
3. Felony are group of crimes that violates the Revised Penal Code (Act 3815)
4. Defiant refers to the contention that someone had committed wrong or mistakes.
5. Offense these are the acts which were define as crime as a result of the special law enacted
by legislatures.
6. Criminal Investigation is define as the system of rule embodied by different principles
that binds the practice or action concerning human conduct.
7. Crime is define as an act or omission in violation of the law.
8. Misdemeanor these are minor violations or infractions not tantamount to serious injuries
or damages.
9. Crime refers to any act considered as wrong or violates the standard norm of the society.
10. Blood feuds is the cycle of inflicting injury or killing a person between two clashing
clans or tribes as retaliation of their previous act/s.

Unit 2 and Others are in Progress… THANK YOU FOR THE CONSIDERATION!
Unit 2. Criminal Responsibility and Investigative Police Power

Learning Outcome:

Internalize the concept of criminal responsibility

Research the factors that affect the criminal responsibility of a person;
Recognize what is police power
Explain the importance of investigative police power; and,
Differentiate substantive and procedural law in criminal investigation
Pre-test. Application

??????
Post Test. Remembering

Write your answer on a space provided.

___________________________ is founded on the principle that every person subjected to a
criminal case is deemed considered innocent unless proven to be guilty beyond reasonable
doubt.
___________________________ refers to any material or substance which are found in the
crime scene and has a logical connection to the offense charge which aids the investigator in
solving the case.
___________________________ is the obligation of the person fir the charges as a result of
his criminal act.
___________________________ is a principle which states that a person is guilty base on
moral certainty.
___________________________ however is define as the capacity of the police to initiate
investigation of cases which violates the law.
___________________________ is a sense that a person is proven guilty base on how the
court appreciated the evidence presented during trial which produces conviction.
___________________________ refers to the knowledge, nature and implication of the
different crimes that investigator should know and possess.
___________________________ is a judgment rendered by the trial court that the accused
person is guilty of the crime charge against him.
___________________________ simply means as the life a stage of the individual whereby
parental authority over him cases. In the Philippines, the stage of emancipation is 18 years of
age.
___________________________ refers to the knowledge regarding the rules on how pieces
of physical evidence should be process in order to maintain its integrity during presentation
and be given credit by the trial court.
Unit 3. Admissibility of Evidence

Pretest.
Write your answer on a space provided before the number.
________________________1. Is an evidence offered which may produce a conviction if no
rebuttal evidence can be shown.
________________________2. When it comes not violates any procedural requirement
during the gathering or collection of such evidence or that is not excluded by the laws.
________________________3. Is an evidence offered by a witness in which he clearly
manifest that an event or scenario exist or did not exist.
________________________4. Are those evidence in document form which includes some
electronic evidence which has a different such as text messages, chat messages, electronic
mail and some other evidence which are printable.
_________________________5. Are evidence which has different character from the one
previously offered.
_________________________6. Is an evidence offered in the form of testimony either by an
eye witness in the commission of the crime or those who knowledge regarding its
commission.
_________________________7. Are evidence which has a similar nature and character to
the one previously offered.
_________________________8. Is an evidence offered by a witness in which he is not
certain as to whether an event or scenario exist or did not exist.
_________________________9. Is an evidence which by its nature can be brought before the
court as thses are the actual materials that are recovered from the crime scene. These are also
evidence which directly addresses to the sense of the court.
_________________________10. To the matter under investigation if it has a logical
connection to the fact issue brought.
UNIT 10

Assesment. Memory Recall – Choose the letter of your choice.

Any person brought before trial to offer testimony in favor for the prosecution and is use to
add incriminatory evidence to the accused is called______________.
Prosecution witness c. child witness
Honest witness d. competent witness
These are those witness who cooperates and avoid exaggeration or falsehood in providing
testimonies concerning the crime.
Prosecution witness c. child witness
Honest witness d. competent witness
___________________refers to the ways and mean employed to uncover the personality of
the person who may have committed an act in which under the existing law is regarded as
crime.
Method of identity c. Method of individuality
Method of inversion d. Method of identification
This approach in investigation follows a sequence from specific to general such that
investigator will look at first at the pieces of evidence before concluding as to what crime is
committed.
Inductive approach c. Inductive Design
Deductive reasoning d. Deductive design
Is a term more incline with actual or practical exercises and demonstrations.
Seminar c. Workshop
Training d. Meeting
Refer to the information gather form people specially those who are within the immediate are
where the crime took place.
Crime scene c. approaches
Investigative leads d. clue
Refers to the capability of the investigator to interact both written and oral.
Creative c. good communication
Critical thinking d. writing skills
The person suspected to have committed an act which is define by law as crime is referred as
______________.
Victim c. Convict
Complainant d. Perpetrator
Criminal investigation is considered as ____________since it involves the personal qualities
of the investigator as to how will utilize different technique and devise his own investigative
skills in order to apprehend the perpetrator.
Art c. skill
Science d. talent
Refer to those evidence which by its nature are false, altered or otherwise questionable in its
existence or production.
Questioned evidence c. relevant evidence
Tampered evidence d. competent evidence
Exercise B. Pick the word that ha relation to the term or phrase
Evidence Training Art Methods Crime Scene
Laboratory Tampered Statement Integrity Relevant

____________________1. Instruments _________________6. Physical Evidence

____________________2. Skills _________________7. Connected
____________________3. Chain of Custody __________________8.
Procedure
____________________4. Hearsay __________________9. Honesty
____________________5. Demonstration __________________10. Destroyed
UNIT 13

Assessment. Memory Recall

Multiple Choices: Select the best answer; encircle the letter of you answer that corresponds to
the given question.
A statement made by a person who is under the impending death in which such declaration is
related to the facts in which the person is competent to testify is know as_______________.
Dying declaration c. true statement
Hearsay d. oral statement
Refers to the place where crime took place and where physical evidence can be found.
Pattern area c. crime scene
Crime pattern d. bed scene
These evidence may diminish or lost its value when not collected at appropriate time.
Cumulative evidence c. fragile evidence
Transient evidence d. corroborative evidence
What method of search is best applicable in crime scene covering a wider range?
Zone method c. spiral method
Wheel method d. strip method
Refers to actual gathering and lifting of evidence from the crime scene to the custody or
appropriate office.
Marking of evidence b. collation of evidence
Tagging of evidence c. collection of evidence
A sketch drawn by the artist for court presentation and is commonly done in the office is
know as_____________.
Rough sketch c. finished sketch
Outline sketch d. sketch
The person who take charge the responsibility and control in handling and disposal of
evidence is called________________.
Chief custodian c. evidence collector
Evidence custody d. evidence custodian
The transfer of evidence from one person who holds supervision or care of such evidence to
another person from the time it was gathered at the crime scene up to the time it will be
presented in court is known as_____________.
Chain of custody c. evidence custodian
Evidence custody d. chain of evidence
This is the process of comparing group of standards from the one collected in the crime scene
to establish its identity.
Appreciation c. comparison
Evaluation d. identification
. Define as the psychological process of establishing the characteristics of the most likely
individual who might have committed the crime base on the evaluation of the crime scene
and the placement of physical evidence.
Profile c. comparison
Profiling d. identification
Assessment. Exercise A. Understanding-

Read the terms below and write on the relevant or not relevant area of the diagram
depending on your judgment with respect to the conduct of arrest.

Forensic science 10 days Arbitrary Detention Escapee Crime Scene

Custodial Investigation Evidence tagging Warrant Miranda
Doctrine Inquest Actual Restraint Daytime
UNIT 17
Assessment.
Exercise A. Application. Choose the word that will fit the statement below. Write your
answer on a space provided.
Victim positive question limited
interviewee
Prohibited inadequate knowledge bad false

If information is data, then field inquiry is_______________.

If interrogation is to suspect, then interview is to _______________.
If self-reliance is confidence, then optimistic____________________.
If confession is complete, then admission is____________________.
If waiver is allowed, then third degree is ______________________.
If cognitive interview is open-ended, then leading question is____________________.
If affidavit is true, then alibi is ______________.
If interrogator is interviewer, then subject is_______________.
If rapport is ideal, then ramble is____________________-.
If skills is technique, then competence is _____________________.
UNIT 18

Activity 2. Identification: 2 pts. each

____________________ 1. It is an unprocessed information or raw data.
____________________ 2. It is inseparable from intelligence. It makes valuable
contributions to the overall production of intelligence.
____________________ 3. Intelligence operations and tactical operations are
_____________ - intelligence operation is an integral part of the operation of all units.
Success of the mission is dependent on the quality and effectiveness of intelligence.
____________________ 4. Facts that require no proof because truth of these statements is
obvious.
____________________ 5. one who gives information for a reward or price.
UNIT 19
Pre-test. Identification
Identify the following intelligence cycle according to each functions.
____________________1. those intelligence requirements for which a commander has an
anticipated and stated priority in his task of planning and decision-making. It is the highest
Intelligence requirements and are the basis for intelligence operations and are personally
approved by the commander.
____________________ 2. product of requirement analysis that are required of collection
units or agencies in the formal of orders or requests.
______________________ 3.systematic exploitation of sources of information by collection
agencies and the delivery of the information obtained to the proper intelligence unit or
agency.
______________________. 4. generalized theoretical action that an enemy might be
expectedto take in preparation for aggressive action that are things or events that
transpired in the past or things or events that are presently occurring.
_______________________ 5.systematic exploitation of sources of information by collection
agencies and the delivery of the information obtained to the proper intelligence unit or
agency.
_______________________ 6.any person, object or record used by an investigator in
conducting investigation.
_______________________ 7. those that are obtained without resorting to special effort or
clandestine operation.
________________________ 8. reduction of information to writing or some other form of
graphical representation and the arranging of information into groups of related items.
________________________ 9..those that are not obtained openly as described above.
________________________ 10.determination of the pertinence, reliability and accuracy of
the information.
Assessment.
Exercise A. Application. Choose the word that will fit the statement below. Write your
answer on a space provided.
Activities, Pertinence, Truth, Conducting, Conferences, Situation

Personal Contact ________________, briefings, person to person exchanges.

Accuracy – probable ___________ of the information.
_________________ determination of the area of operation and who needs it, if so by whom
and when.
Enemy Situation Map – a graphic representation of the current enemy _________________.
Intelligence Journal – chronological log of significant intelligence _________________
covering a stated period usually 24 hours.
Sources of Information – any person, object or record used by an investigator in
_________________ investigation.