UTBK 2019 Bahasa Inggris

Text 1
Human brain structure is composed of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain,
each with multiple parts.

The Cerebrum: Also known as the cerebral cortex, the cerebrum is the largest part of the
human brain, and it is associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. Nerve
cells make up the gray surface, which is a little thicker than our thumb. White nerve fibers
beneath the surface carry signals between nerve cells in other parts of the brain and body. Its
wrinkled surface increases the surface area, and is a six-layered structure found in mammals,
called the neocortex. It is divided into four sections, called “lobes”. They are; the frontal lobe,
the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe.

Frontal Lobe – The frontal lobe lies just beneath our forehead and is associated with our
brain’s ability to reason, organize, plan, speak, move, make facial expressions, serial task,
problem solve, control inhibition, spontaneity , initiate and self-regulate behaviors, pay
attention, remember and control emotions.

Parietal Lobe – The parietal lobe is located at the upper rear of our brain, and controls our
complex behaviors, including senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial
orientation. It play s important roles in integrating sensory information from various parts of
our body , knowledge of numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects.
Portions are involved with our visuospatial processing, language comprehension, the ability
to construct, body positioning and movement, neglect/inattention, left-right differentiation
and self-awareness/insight.

Occipital Lobe – The occipital lobe is located at the back of our brain, and is associated with
our visual processing, such as visual recognition, visual attention, spatial analy sis (moving in
a 3-D world) and visual perception of body language; such as postures, expressions and
gestures.

Temporal Lobe – The temporal lobe is located near our ears, and is associated with
processing our perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (including our ability to focus
on one sound among many , like listening to one voice among many at a party ),
comprehending spoken language, verbal memory , visual memory and language production
(including fluency and word-finding), general knowledge and autobiographical memories.

A deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres.
And, while the two hemispheres look almost symmetrical, each side seems to function
differently. The right hemisphere is considered our creative side, and the left hemisphere is
considered our logical side. A bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the two
hemispheres.
What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) The description of surface carry signals between nerve cells in other parts of the brain
and body.
(B) The explanation about a bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the
two hemispheres.
(C) The overview about the structure and function of the human brain.
(D) The findings of the important roles of parietal lobe in integrating sensory information
from various parts of our body.
(E) The argument of the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli in human brain.

The sentence ‘The parietal lobe is located at the upper rear of our brain, and controls our
complex behaviors, including senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial
orientation’ In paragraph 5 can best be restated as …

(A) The parietal lobe can be in at the upper rear of our brain, and controls our complex
behaviors, excluding senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial
orientation.
(B) The parietal lobe is located near the upper rear of our brain, and controls our complex
behaviors, senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial orientation.
(C) The parietal lobe is located far from the upper rear of our brain, and controls our
complex behaviors, a part of senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial
orientation.
(D) The location of parietal lobe is at the upper rear of our brain, and controls our
complex behaviors, that is, senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial
orientation.
(E) The upper rear of our brain is at the pariental lob, and controls our complex behaviors,
including senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial orientation.

It can be concluded from the passage that ...

(A) Three main parts of human brain, the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, each
with multiple parts, have significant roles in controlling human activity.
(B) The frontal lobe lies just beneath our forehead and is associated with our brain’s ability
to visual recognition, such as visual recognition, visual attention, spatial analysis.
(C) The right hemisphere is considered our creative side, and the left hemisphere is
considered human mental activity.
(D) A deep furrow has functions to comprehend spoken language, verbal memory, visual
memory, and language production.
(E) Frontal lobes are involved with our visuospatial processing, language comprehension,
the ability to construct, body positioning and movement.

What most likely motivates the writer in writing the passage?

(A) Not many people have much information about the functions of parts of human
brain.
(B) There is a mystery about what functions of human brain.
(C) People’s information about human brain is sufficient.
(D) Many people have known about the functions of the brain.
(E) The information about functions about human brain is not available.

Text 2
Hawaii's Kilauea volcano keeps erupting with syrupy lava flows, serving as a fiery reminder
of nature's destructive power. There are two contents flow out as molten rock and they both
have to do with volcanoes. But as the ongoing eruption captures headlines, a question might
occur to the readers: What's the difference between magma and lava?

The distinction between magma and lava is all about location. When geologists refer to
magma, they're talking about molten rock that's still trapped underground. If this molten rock
makes it to the surface and keeps flowing like a liquid, it's called lava. Lava is molten rock
generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an
eruption, usually at temperatures from 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F). The structures
resulting from subsequent solidification and cooling are also sometimes described as lava.
The molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their
satellites, though such material located below the crust is referred to by other terms.

Magmas vary in their chemical composition, which gives them—and the volcanoes that
contain them—different properties. Mafic magmas like those in Hawaii tend to form when
the heavier crust that forms the ocean floor melts. They contain between 47 to 63 percent
silica, the mineral that makes up glass and quartz. Silicic magmas, on the other hand, tend to
form when the lighter continental crust melts. These magmas are more than 63 percent silica,
which makes them more viscous: At their runniest, silicic magmas flow about as well as lard
or caulk—which is to say not well at all. They're also cooler than mafic magmas. Rhyolite,
an especially silica-rich type of lava, hits temperatures between only 1,200 degrees to 1,500
degrees Fahrenheit.

When silicic magmas are no longer confined under sufficiently high pressure, the gases
dissolved within them come out of solution and form bubbles. And just like opening a
shaken-up can of soda, the resulting rush of vapor triggers an explosive eruption. Iconic
cone- shaped volcanoes called stratovolcanoes, such as Mount Pinatubo, are loaded with
silicic magmas. Hawaii's volcanoes, on the other hand, contain especially low-silica magmas
made of basalt, which means they have much less explosive oomph. Instead, they ooze and
spatter, creating shield volcanoes—gently sloped formations that have become the islands'
signature geologic silhouette.
What is the appropriate title of the text above?
(A) The Explosive power of a volcano.
(B) The Characteristic of Magma and Lava.
(C) The Distinction of Magma and Lava.
(D) The Pressure of Silicic Magmas as a Compostion of a Volcano.
(E) The Composition of Magma and Lava Based on a Volcano Structure.

What is the motive of the writer to present the passage?

(A) To raise people awareness about the danger of volcano eruption.
(B) To persuade the readers not to live nearby the area of volcano eruption.
(C) To describe the danger of volcano eruption through the composition of magmas.
(D) To straighten people’s misconception about the difference of magma and lava.
(E) To expose people’s lack of understanding about the terms of lava and magma.

‘Magmas vary in their chemical composition, ...’

The sentence can be best restated with ...
(A) The composition of magma can be differentiated through their chemical compound.
(B) The chemical structure of magma is different based on their compostion.
(C) The component of magma is made of chemical element.
(D) The basic structure of magma can be seen from their chemical component.
(E) The nature of chemical compostion is based on magma variation.

What is the difference of volcanoes in Hawaii from that of Mount Pinatubo?

(A) Mount Pinatubo is more destructive than Hawaii.
(B) Volcanoes in Hawaii are less explosive power than that of Pinatubo.
(C) Hawaii’s volcanoes are highly explosive than those of Mount Pinatubo.
(D) Hawaii’s volcanones are loaded with silicic magmas.
(E) Mount Pinatubo is the islands who has signature geologic silhouette.

In which paragraph does the author elaborate what imposes low or high explosion of a
volcano?
(A) Paragraph 2
(B) Paragraph 3
(C) Paragraph 4
(D) Paragraph 2 and 3
(E) Paragraph 3 and 4

Text 3

Malnutrition among children in refugee is a critical public health concern due to the heightened
vulnerability. The rate of malnutrition in refugees’ camp needs to be viewed as not just a health
issue but as a serious protection and access to basic rights failure. The magnitude of acute
malnutrition among refugee camps in Ethiopia is relatively well-documented. A nutritional
survey done in 2014 among south Sudanese refugee camps showed that the prevalence of acute
malnutrition was almost two-fold the emergency threshold of 15%.

Acute malnutrition is not only a condition that kills but also has long term health and
developmental consequences among recovered children after receiving appropriate treatment.
These long term consequences include an increased risk of stunted growth, impaired cognitive
development and a greater chance of developing non-communicable diseases in adulthood.
This demonstrates that it is of utmost importance to invest not only in the treatment of acute
malnutrition but also in its prevention.

The problem, as well as the solution to malnutrition, is multi-faceted. In addition to an actual

shortage of food; poor sanitation, a lack of available potable water, caring practices and
insufficient health services are all significant factors contributing to the population’s overall
nutritional status and health. There is no single silver bullet that will instantly eradicate
malnutrition from the refugee camps but only through a holistic approach and strong group
effort. Effective policies and programs to alleviate malnutrition requires an understanding of
the determinants of acute malnutrition in the refugee camps.

Adapted from: http://primarycare.imedpub.com

Which of the following can best replace the word magnitude in “The magnitude of acute
malnutrition …” (paragraph 1)?

A. capacity
B. importance
C. weight
D. amount
E. power

Text 4

When exploratory divers discovered the underwater Mexican cave site known as Hoyo Negro,
the conditions of the cave were so pristine and stable, but there was evidence that at least one
person had been inside the cave before the divers: A Paleoamerican girl nicknamed Naia, who
had fallen to her death while presumably collecting water from the cave during the late
Pleistocene era, between 13,000 and 12,000 years ago. The divers found her skeleton, as well
as the remains of several Ice Age animals, on the cave floor. According to Rissolo and project
co-director, James Chatters, it was like the La Brea tar pits without the tar.

This remarkable discovery represents the first and only example of human remains found in
direct association with extinct megafauna in the Americas, says Rissolo, who is a visiting
scholar at UC San Diego from the Waitt Institute and a research associate at the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography. The remains of two gomphotheres (extinct elephant-like
creatures), two Shasta ground sloths, a pair of saber-toothed cats and numerous other animals
were also found with Naia in the underwater pit, which measures 200 feet in diameter and is
located in the far Southeast of the country, on the Yucután Peninsula.

Computer science Ph.D. student Vid Petrovic – a member of the Center’s Integrative Graduate
Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program in cultural heritage diagnostics – is
using photos taken by the scientific dive team to create 3D structure-from-motion (SfM)
models of the cave site, and he has used the same technique to recreate Naia’s mandible.

SfM is an imaging technique that, in this case, uses two-dimensional photographs taken
underwater at the cave site. Petrovic tracks and aligns features in the photos (such as corner
points) to ‘stitch together’ and reconstruct the objects digitally in 3D.

Rissolo says that given the proper lighting, camera set-up and protocols, SfM is a relatively
straightforward and cost-effective imaging and visualization method, especially for
documenting archaeological sites that are not easily accessible or are threatened with
destruction, either natural or human-derived.

Adapted from: http://archaeologicalconservancy.org

According to the text, what remains are not found in Hoyo Negro? The remains of…

A. gomphotheras
B. elephants
C. Shasta ground sloths
D. saber-toothed cats
E. Paleoamerican girl

Text 5

The study of songbirds has revealed a variety of fundamental properties of biological systems.
In particular, neurobiological studies carried out in songbirds have revealed the presence of
newly born neurons in the adult brain, how steroid hormones affect brain development, the
neural and mechanistic bases of vocalizations, and how experience modifies neuronal
physiology. More evidently, however, songbirds have been extensively used as a model for
imitative vocal learning, a behavior thought to be a substrate for speech acquisition in
humans. Now an international consortium has unveiled the genome of the zebra
finch (Taeniopygia Guttata).

Sequencing the zebra finch genome was initiated in 2005 under the Large Scale Genome
Sequencing Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute. The prior work in the
research community characterizing the zebra finch brain transcriptase. These initiatives, along
with new zebra finch genome sequences, have resulted in the complete genome sequenced
with 17,475 protein-coding genes identified, as well as regulatory regions and non-coding
RNAs. The annotation and sequence coverage of the zebra finch genome will certainly be
refined in the years to come, but the initial endeavor is expected to provide a unique platform
for modern genomics research in this organism. Furthermore, this initial snapshot of the
songbird genome should provide critical insights into fundamental scientific questions,
including an array of physiological and evolutionary processes.

Adapted from: link.springer.com

From the sentence ‘… songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal
learning, ….’ in paragraph 1, it can be stated that…

A. Songbirds are good models of vocal learning.

B. Human can practice vocal learning through songbird.
C. Songbirds are observed intensively by the scientist.
D. Songbirds imitate human’s speech.
E. Human speech acquisition in inspired by songbird.

Text 6

What will man be like in the future – in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only
make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today.
From man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five
hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches
taller. Five hundred is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will
continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world, we use our brains a great deal. Even so,
we still make use of only about 20% of the brain capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall
have to use our brains more and more – and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely
to bring about a physical change too; the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they
become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time, it is likely
that man’s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms
and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers
will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about
hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in the course of time because it
does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not a very attractive creature to look
at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of these changes, future man will still have a
lot of common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions that
resemble us.

Taken from: www.platea.pntic.mec

According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the man?

A. It takes a few decades for man to be taller.

B. The development of man’s brain does not affect his physical development.
C. Modern people are using the full capacity of their brains.
D. Within a decade, man has become three inches taller.
E. It can be expected that future man will be taller.

Text 7

Everyone knows the basics about Santa, the jolly man in a red suit that delivers gifts at
Christmas. How a small town near the Arctic Circle in Finland became known as his “official
hometown” proves a less familiar twist to the story. Santa was a marketing gimmick, based on
a third-century, ancient bishop from Turkey known for secretly giving away his large
inheritance. His random acts of kindness didn’t go unnoticed, earning sainthood and global
celebration on the date of his death, December 6. This story of Saint Nicolas then traveled with
Dutch immigrants to the US, where “Sinterklaas” was moulded into the visual image of Santa
we all recognize today. Without much of a backstory to Santa Claus, an illustration in Harpers
magazine from 1866 is credited with establishing the legend of his home at the “North Pole.”
In 1927, Markus Rautio–a Finnish radio broadcaster known as “Uncle Marcus”–claimed
on-air that Santa’s workshop was discovered in Rovaniemi, Finland. The government of the
province, Lapland, declared itself “Santa Claus Land” decades later to boost tourism. Santa
Claus Village opened just outside Rovaniemi in 1985. Of course, there are other places that lay
claim to a Santa or Saint Nick association: Korvatunturi, Finland, claims to be his real home
and that Rovaniemi was just created for tourists. The Church of Saint Nicolas in Demre,
Turkey, contains his sarcophagus but not his bones. There’s a multitude of pop-ups around the
world, but the Santa in Rovaniemi differs in that the man is marketed as the original, and
tourists can visit him throughout the year.
 Christmas lasts all year round in Rovaniemi, a place of anticipation. Even the hardcore
cynic will be moved by the “Christmas Spirit.” After visiting Santa, families can dine in the
snowglobe atmosphere of the Ice Restaurant and Ice Bar in Snowman World. Leaving from the
Elf’s Yard, kids can cross the Arctic Circle with traditional Lappish wooden skis. The region
forms part of the natural habitat for roaming reindeer–unlike the North Pole.
Santa Claus’s Main Post Office, with a special Arctic Circle stamp, received about half a
million letters last year. In reality, this figure is much higher since post offices around the
world have their own systems of dealing with letters addressed to Santa. Santa in Rovaniemi
received 18 million letters from 199 different countries to date, and at Christmastime, can
receive 32,000 letters per day, with the most letters arriving from China. An official reply from
Santa Claus will set people back more than 10 dollars (8.90 euros). It is free to see him, but
tourists can’t take photos or videos, although you can buy the official one. In high season
(November through March), prices reach more than 50 dollars (45 euros).

Adapted from: http://www.nationalgeographic.com

The second paragraph mainly talks about …

A. The discocery of Santa’s workshop.
B. The description of Rovaniemi, Finland.
C. Santa Clause’s original village.
D. Millions letters for Santa Clause every year.
E. Uncle Marcus’s claim over Santa Clause village.

Text 8

Over the past 115 years global average temperatures have increased 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit,
leading to record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes, the report says. The
global, long-term warming trend is “unambiguous,” it says, and there is “no convincing
alternative explanation” that anything other than humans — the cars we drive, the power plants
we operate, the forests we destroy — are to blame.

The report was approved for release by the White House, but the findings come as the Trump
administration is defending its climate change policies. The United Nations convenes its
annual climate change conference next week in Bonn, Germany, and the American delegation
is expected to face harsh criticism over President Trump’s decision to walk away from the 195-
nation Paris climate accord and top administration officials’ stated doubts about the causes and
impacts of a warming planet.

While there were pockets of resistance to the report in the Trump administration, according to
climate scientists involved in drafting the report, there was little appetite for a knockdown fight
over climate change among Mr. Trump’s top advisers, who are intensely focused on passing a
tax reform bill — an effort they think could determine the fate of his presidency.

Adapted from: http://nytimes.com

The author is primarily concerned with…

A. The record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes.

B. The effort and fate Trump’s presidency.
C. The climate report released by the White House.
D. The decision taken by US delegation in the climate change conference.
E. The United Nation annual climate conference in paris.

Text 9

The story of Dara Puspita, an Indonesian all-female band that was famous in the 1960s, is set
to be made into a biopic by production house FP. FP producer Frederica said she believed the
Surabaya-based band’s story deserved to be told on the big screen. “We think it’s important,
especially because at that time they were the only Indonesian all-female band that performed in
dozens of European cities,” Frederica told tempo.co.

Expected to be released in 2020, the production house is currently still conducting research.
“Their story will be very inspiring,” said Frederica, who expressed optimism the film would
set a new trend in the industry, which she said lacked, films about local musicians. The band
has reportedly given consent for the adaptation. Drummer Titiek Hamzah also expressed hopes
the film would show the band’s stories and struggles. “It needs to represent what a musician’s
journey is like,” she said. The journey of Dara Puspita began from the 1960s to the early
1970s. In 1965, they became the opening act for legendary band Koes Bersaudara under the
name Irama Puspita. Among their popular tracks were “A Go Go”, “Burung Kakaktua” and
“Tanah Airku”.

Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com

How does the author organize the passage? By…

A. Exposing the news about the film then explaining its values.
B. Exposing the reason behind the making of the film and explaining the plot.
C. Explaining the purpose of the film and the targets of the producer.
D. Eescribing the film and explaining the members of Dara Puspita Band.
E. Eescribing Dara Puspita Band and explaining its next project.

Text 10

In 1979, two British farmers reported that, while sitting on a hill, they suddenly saw the crops
below flattened in a perfect circle. They inferred that some great force must have come down
directly from above to squash the corn and barley. This started a public hysteria about so-
called crop circles. The patterns pressed into the crops (not all of them were circles) seemed to
have no entry or exit points. Many people hypothesized that only alien spaceships could
make such bizarre imprints.

Others, including Britain’s police, assailed such wild conclusions. They had a contrary theory:
Someone was playing a big hoax. Teams of investigators took samples of the plants and the
soil, trying to objectively analyze the crop circles as if they were a crime scene.

Public curiosity often impaired the investigators, who had to tolerate busloads of tourists
flocking to the circles. The farmers in the area, long suspicious of the police, approached the
case as an instance of police versus the people. If the local farmers knew the circles were a
hoax, they wouldn’t say so.

Taken from: McGraw-Hill’s Must-Have Words p. 141

Which of the following can be inferred from the statement ‘Many people hypothesized that
only alien spaceships could make such bizarre imprints’ in the first paragraph?

A. The phenomenon interest lots of tourist to sightsee the crops.

B. The government believes that someone was playing a big hoax.
C. The crops seemed to have no entry or exit points.
D. Most people do not believe that humans are able to make crop circles.
E. Some great force must have come down directly from above to make the crops.

Text 11

Dangerous as anger can be, it is also natural, even necessary, and has been hard-wired into the
brain by evolution. Most obviously, anger helped people survive. As soon as this survival was
threatened, anger was triggered, along with violent defensive action. More surprisingly,
perhaps, anger also helped early humans to live together in groups, acting as a kind of warning
signal in the form of threatening facial expressions, clenched fists, reddening cheeks, and so
on. This lets others know that their behavior was unacceptable, that they were invading
someone’s personal space and that they risked physical retaliation.

At first glance, anger seems relatively simple. Ask the man in the street to define it and he will
probably say ‘it’s what happens when people annoy you.’ But anger can take many forms and
has numerous different triggers. And what infuriates one person may pass by another
unnoticed. One individual can make her way through a bustling crowd, or sit next to a
screaming child, and seem perfectly relaxed. But if someone questions her political beliefs, or
disrupts her plans, she will fly into an uncontrollable rage.

For some, anger is triggered more by petty annoyances than by major catastrophes. They will
be calm and methodical during a bereavement, for example, or when traveling to the hospital
for an operation, but as soon as the neighbor’s car alarm goes off, or the printer runs out of ink,
they explode. For others, it is threats to their money, property, status or time that act as the
major catalyst. They may let the petty irritations go, but if their car is scratched or their
authority questioned, they become enraged.

Finally, some will laugh off both petty irritations and threats to their money or status. For
them, rule-breaking is the most infuriating thing. This is especially true of those with
obsessive-compulsive or autistic traits: people who like and need things to be regular and
ordered. And such rules can be more like vague, unspoken agreements. For example, someone
may be sensitive about their acne or low income. Friends understand this and so the subject is
never raised. One evening, someone makes a harmless remark and is shocked to see their
friend explode with rage. But it wasn’t the fact that his low income or bad skin had been
mentioned, nor even that he felt humiliated; his anger was sparked because someone had
broken the rules.

Taken from: http://www.healthguidance.org

From the passage, it can be summed up that…

A. Some people get angry for small or serious things and some others might get angry,
not due to small or serious matters, but because people ask them what they do not
like to be asked.
B. Most people get angry with something they cannot control or predict, or something they
are very sensitive to.
C. Some people get angry for small things, while some get angry for more serious matters.
D. Amongst many conditions that make people angry, the most frequent reason is when
people raise a topic that relates to the person’s bad experience in the past.
E. For an obsessive-compulsive person or someone with autistic traits, he/she can get angry
when someone has broken the rules by, for example messing up the order or regulation
and not doing what they are asked to do.

Text 12

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has
indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was
recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a
"pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used
this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a
study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in
temperature data are corrected.

Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate
Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch
between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are showing," says
lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather than
"hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.

The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface
temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This
effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the record to
include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.

Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville,

calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade.
This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an
assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013
showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
(Adapted from www.nature.com)

The passage above mainly discusses about …

A. The hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago.
B. The reason why global warming is slowing down in this century.
C. Global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade.
D. The contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period.
E. The view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes.

The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means …

A. well-known
B. promenade
C. shrewd
D. indolent
E. magnificent

Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?

A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature
record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no
longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting these
biases the slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study
found.

Text 13

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one
hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example,
in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can
improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills.
Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school
teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in
their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is
beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it
is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing
ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education
programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case
because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were
designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in
these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities
of teaching learning processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct
process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is
important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second,
designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of
ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education
programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)

Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT
has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can
develop teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown that
ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational
method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and
learning outcomes.

Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….

A. Educational growth in the last two decades.
B. The development of education by using ICT.
C. The advantages of using ICT in the learning process.
D. Teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.
E. ICT and education in today’s learning development.

Text 14

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion
process. This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time
after eating and obstructs your ability to function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after
eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits,
your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function and this energy is
obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and
cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and
producing insulin that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At
the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.

Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is
responsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry,
eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others.
Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptophan
amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after eating
carbohydrate-rich foods.

Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive
system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients
shortage in the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet
containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots of water
and limit your sugar intake.

Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full
and relaxed, making the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness,
particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before. To avoid this, improve your
sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical exercise can help you get a good
night’s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having trouble sleeping at
night.
 (Adapted from www.thejakartapost.com)

What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy.
B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating.
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain.
D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods.
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating.

By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….
A. Foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can
generate more drowsiness.
B. Overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to function
well.
C. The reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy.
D. Food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel
drowsy.
E. The hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating.

It can be predicted from the passage that …

A. The finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel.
B. The more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain.
C. The less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy.
D. The less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy.
E. The less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body.
Text 15

Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam.
National coffee output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as
harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to another depending on the weather. With per-capita
coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider region, there is obvious room
for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital required to
take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors,
while the country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.
Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most
Indonesian coffee comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda
Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all
contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than three quarters of Indonesia’s
produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing regions in
the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica
coffees from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.

Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year
2000/2001 to 656,400 tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by
the International Coffee Organization. Total production over the same period increased from
419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal destinations for Indonesian coffee
are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is well placed to
capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.

Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in
the US, around 7 kg in the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in
various European countries. But with Indonesian per-capita consumption having already
doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a fast growth trend. This puts the
world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee market. Local
demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic
development. Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force
works in an office environment.
(Adapted from www.gbgindonesia.com)
What is the best summary of the passage?
A. The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western
Europe.
B. Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased.
C. Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region.
D. The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors.
E. Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital.

What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?

A. The coffee export has decreased in several years.
B. Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes.
C. Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013.
D. Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN.
E. The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee.
Text 16

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease of unknown cause that results in the
progressive narrowing of the blood vessels of the lungs, causing high blood pressure in these
blood vessels and eventually leading to heart failure. It is more common in women between the
ages of 21 and 40; however, it can affect anyone at any age.

Initial symptoms of PPH may be very minor, and diagnosis may be delayed for several years
until symptoms worsen. Typical symptoms may include shortness of breath following exertion,
excessive fatigue, dizziness, fainting, weakness, ankle swelling, bluish lips and skin, as well as
chest pain.  It is difficult to detect PPH in medical examination.

No one knows what causes PPH; however, research into the cause suggests a number of factors
that may be responsible for the disease. Possible causes include genetic or familial
predisposition, immune system disease, or drugs or other chemical exposures.

Primary pulmonary hypertension is treated with a number of drugs. None of the drugs that can
cure or halt the progression of this disease has been found yet, but they may relieve symptoms.
Some patients take vasodilators, which help to dilate the blood vessels in the lungs, reducing
the blood pressure in them. In addition, anticoagulants may be used to decrease the tendency of
the blood to clot in the lungs. Doctors can choose from a variety of drugs that help lower blood
pressure in the lungs and improve heart performance in many patients and medication that may
take a long period of time. Patients with PPH respond differently to the different medications
that relax blood vessels and that no one drug is consistently effective in all patients.

Most doctors and patients agree that it is very important for both patients and families to be as
informed as possible. This lets everyone understand the illness and apply the information to
what is happening. In addition to family and close friends, support groups can help PPH
patients and give some valuable experience sharing among sufferers.

Based on the information in the text, primary pulmonary hypertension …

A. Is a rare disease that cannot be cured.
B. Implies malfunctioning of cardiovascular.
C. Will contribute to death if left untreated.
D. Optimally needs medical treatments.
E. Requires long-term alternative therapies.

The teacher asked the lazy student … the English classes.

A. Why hadn’t he attended.

B. When had he attended.
C. Hadn’t he attended.
D. That he attended.
E. How often he had attended.
PICT 17

Photo: REUTERS

Source: www.straitstimes.com

The correct caption for the image above is …

A. Minister Susi Pudjiastuti: Sinking Ships Puts Benefits to Indonesia’s Resources and
Business.
B. Sri Mulyani earned a Ph.D. in economics (1992) and M.S. in economics (1990) from the
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. and a B.A. in economics (1986) from
Universitas Indonesia.
C. In the last decade, Indonesia's economy had grown at an average of 5.7 percent per year,
which is considerably high as compared to other G20 member countries.
D. Indonesia's Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati receiving the Best Minister Award
from Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, Prime Minister and Vice-President of
the United Arab Emirates, and ruler of Dubai, on Feb 11, 2018.
E. The Indonesia Economic Outlook in London was then concluded by Steven Marcelino's
address, as he represented the diaspora who came up with the idea of the forum.
PICT 18

www.en.wikipedia.org

What does the diagram tell you?

A. A sample flowchart representing the decision process to add a new article to Wikipedia.
B. How to browse wikipedia.
C. A sample flowchart showing how many articles on wikipedia.
D. How to find an article on wikipedia.
E. How to search wikipedia on the internet.

PICT 19

From the charts above, we know that ….

A. For three of the sectors, it is evident that over this time frame there was no significant
change in their proportion of online transactions.
B. The two pie charts compare the percentages of online sales across different retail sectors in
Canada in the years 2005 and 2010.
C. There are several similarities between what younger and older people say makes them
most happy. However, there are several striking differences.
D. The two charts contain sales data for Fairtrade tea and pineapples in 2005 and 2010, in
Canada.
E. The charts illustrate the performance of Canada's primary exports in 2005 and 2010.

Text 20

                                             Source: https://www.rocketlanguages.com

What is the topic of passage above?

A. A dead language
B. An extinct language
C. Differences between dead and extinct languages
D. Reasons why a language becomes dead
E. Causes why a language becomes extinct
Text 21

Source: https://academichelp.net

What is the topic of the text above?

A. The means of worldwide exchange
B. The civilization
C. The comparison of modern and traditional means
D. The Silk Road
E. The trading path
Text 22
 Source: http://www.sciencemag.org

What is the topic of the text above?

A. The peat swamps are in danger.
B. The loss of peat swamps due to deforestation.
C. Globalization causes peat swamps in dire situation.
D. Peat Swamps are home to numerous animals.
E. The solutions of deforestation.

Text 23
 Source : http://earthsky.org

What is the topic of the text above?

A. What causes Aurora.
B. The effects of Aurora.
C. The charged particles strike atoms.
D. The places where Aurora can be seen.
E. The colors of Aurora.

Text 24
 Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumor

What is the topic of passage above?

A. Brain tumor
B. Primary brain tumor
C. Secondary brain tumor
D. The cause of brain tumor
E. The treatment of brain tumor

Text 25
Sumber: http://www.thejakartapost.com

What is the topic of the passage?

A. Javan rhinoceros is threatened with extinction.
B. There are only a few of Javan rhinoceros exist.
C. Javan rhinoceros is being protected.
D. Javan rhinoceros is being hunted.
E. Javan rhinoceros should still exist for the next generation of Indonesians.

Text 26

Source: (http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/JEP/article/view/1458)

What is the topic of the passage?

A. Climate change characteristic in Indonesia
B. The impacts of climate change
C. Climate change on Indonesia
 D. The rainfall impacts on crops.
E. Climate change impacts on the agricultural sector.

Text 27

Read the text below!

Sumber: (http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com)

What is the topic of the passage?

A. Vocational schools to help private sector companies.
B. MoU of five ministers of Indonesia.
C. Industrial companies to help train vocational schools students.
D. Indonesia to become the world’s seventh-largest economy.
E. Ministry of Education and Culture’s effort to build more vocational schools.

Text 28
Sumber: (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mahatma-Gandhi)

What is the topic of the passage?

A. Gandhi’s teachings.
B. Gandhi’s struggles for India.
C. Gandhi’s life experiences.
D. Gandhi’s movement.
E. Gandhi’s education and job.