Title :- Plant leaf diseases detection System and fabrication of agri bot

Abstract: -

Crop diseases are a major threat to food security, but their rapid identification remains difficult in
many parts of the world due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure. The combination of
increasing global smart phone penetration and recent advances in computer vision made possible
by deep learning has paved the way for smart phone-assisted disease diagnosis. Using a public
dataset of some images of diseased and healthy plant leaves collected under controlled
conditions, we train a deep convolution neural network to identify crop species and diseases (or
absence thereof). The trained model achieves an accuracy of 99.35% on a held-out test set,
demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Overall, the approach of training deep learning
models on increasingly large and publicly available image datasets presents a clear path toward
smart phone-assisted crop disease diagnosis on a massive global scale.

Internet Of Things (IoT)is a shared network of objects or things which can interact with each
other provided the Internet connection. IoT plays an important role in agriculture industry which
can feed 9.6 billion people on the Earth by 2050. Smart Agriculture helps to reduce wastage,
effective usage of fertilizer and thereby increase the crop yield. In this work, a system is
developed to monitor crop-field using sensors (soil moisture, temperature, humidity, Light) and
automate the irrigation system. The data from sensors are sent to Web server database using wifi
modules ..

Introduction

In this system raspberrypi is used to detect virus the plantation The irrigation is automated if
the moisture and temperature of the field falls below the brink. If any one animals are entered
inside the field it detect and take photo graph and send to our mail control can also be automated
in addition to irrigation. The notifications are sent to farmers' mail periodically. The farmers' can
able to monitor the field conditions from anywhere. This system will be more useful in areas
where water is in scarce. This system is 92% more efficient than the conventional approach .The
Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or
TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a capable little device that enables people of
all ages to explore computing, and to learn how to program in languages like Scratch and Python.
It’s capable of doing everything you’d expect a desktop computer to do, from browsing the
internet and playing high-definition video, to making spreadsheets, word-processing, and playing
games.

What’s more, the Raspberry Pi  has the ability to interact with the outside world, and has been
used in a wide array of digital maker projects, from music machines and parent detectors to
weather stations and tweeting birdhouses with infra-red cameras. We want to see the Raspberry
Pi being used by kids all over the world to learn to program and understand how computers
work. Dimensions: 85mm x 56mm x 17mm

Literature survey

Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS) are introduced in large sectors of the economy with
relatively low productivity such as Agri-Food. According to UK-RAS White papers (2018) the
UK Agri-Food chain, from primary farming through to retail, generates over £108bn p.a., and
with 3.7 m employees in a truly international industry yielding £20bn of exports in 2016.
Robotics has played a substantial role in the agricultural production and management. The
researchers have now started emphasizing on technologies to design autonomous agricultural
tools as the conventional farming machineries lacked in efficiency (Dursun and Ozden, 2011).
The main purpose of coming up with this technology is to replace human labor and produce
effective benefits on small as well as large scale productions (Manivannan and Priyadharshini,
2016). In this sector, the room for robotic technologies has amplified productivity immensely
(Pedersen et al., 2008). The robots are performing various agricultural operations autonomously
such as weeding, irrigation, guarding the farms for delivering effective reports, ensuring that the
adverse environmental conditions do not affect the production, increase precision, and manage
individual plants in various unfamiliar ways.
The idea of coming up with such a technology came with the introduction of a machine called
Eli Whitney's cotton gin. It was invented in 1794 by U.S. - born inventor Eli Whitney (1765–
1825), a device which revolutionized cotton production by significantly accelerating the process
of extracting seed from cotton fiber.It created 50 pounds of cotton in one day. Thus this gave
birth to the autonomous agricultural robots. A basic automated model was introduced to
determine the actual position of seeds (Griepentrog et al., 2005). Ultra high precision placement
of seed was also established. Mechanisms that ensure that the seeds planted has zero ground
velocity (Griepentrog et al., 2005). This is important as it ensures that the seed does not bounce
from its actual position after the soil impact. The status or the development of plant was recorded
by automated machines. Various biosensors were established to monitor the plant growth and
also to detect plant diseases (Tothill, 2001).The process of manual weeding was replaced by the
laser weeding technology, where a mobile focused infra-red light disrupts the cells of the weeds,
this beam was controlled by computers (Griepentrog et al., 2006). For the effective use of water,
automated irrigation systems were also established.

Problem statement
1.In addition, traditional approaches to disease classification via machine learning typically focus
on a small number of classes usually within a single crop.

2. Examples include a feature extraction and classification pipeline using thermal and stereo
images in order to classify tomato powdery mildew against healthy tomato leaves

3. (Raza et al., 2015); the detection of powdery mildew in uncontrolled environments using RGB
images

4.In the conventional approach we cant provide regular water and proper pesticide so the
efficiency of the system is very less .

5. For adding more security here used camera for monitor the field .

6. Always the former goes to field to see the condition of the plantation by using this system the
farmer problem is reduced and the efficient to increased 92 %

7. For the effective use of water, automated irrigation systems were also established.
8. For monitoring all data are stored in iot

Objectives

• To provide information about the virus of the plantation

• Automatic controlling system

• To provide a platform for autonomous communication between the field and the former.

• To provide information about the conditions of the plantation ie water

• All the data send to cloud for monitoring and storage

• Auto pesticide

• Grass cutter

Disadvantage
.* wifi connection is required

Block diagram of Agro bot for virus detection

Pi

Camera

Dc motor for
robot

4 channel
Raspbeery pi Dc motor for
Relay
16 Gp grass cutter
P3
Memory
Card
Dc pump for
IR sensor pesticide

5 vol supply

PROGRAM

In python

Software rasbian .anaconda

Product Name= Raspberry Pi 3, Model B Product

Image processing logic cnn knn ann

 Block diagram of field plantation

LCD 16 x 2

Humidity
sensor

ESP 32
relay Water pump
Temperatur
e sensor

Water
sensor

5 vol supply

Program in c embedded system

Cloud thing speak

Description=

The Raspberry Pi 3 delivers 6 times the processing capacity of previous models. This second
generation Raspberry Pi has an upgraded Broadcom BCM2836 processor, which is a powerful
ARM Cortex-A7 based quad-core processor that runs at 900MHz. The board also features an
increase in memory capacity to 1Gbyte.

RS Part Number= 832-6274

Hardware and software requirement

1.RaspberryPi 832-6274

2.ir sensor

3.moisture sensor

4.temperature sensor

5.Rasp camera

6. ESP 32

7. dc motor for agri bot

8. pesticide bottle

9. Dc pump

Methodology

Raspberry Pi is the heart of the system. In this project, webcam is interfaced to Raspberry Pi via
Wi- Fi module. The Raspberry Pi Model B+ incorporates a number of enhancements and new
features. Enhanced features are improved power consumption, increased connectivity and greater
IO which made this powerful, small and lightweight ARM based computer. The Raspberry Pi
cannot directly drive the relay. It has only zero volts or 3.3 V. It needs 12V to drive
electromechanical relay. In that case it uses a driver circuit which provides 12V amplitude to
drive the relay. Sensors connected to the Raspberry Pi board give a resistance variation at the
output. This signal is applied to the comparator and signal conditioning circuit which has
potentiometer to decide the moisture level above which the output of comparator goes high. This
output signal is given to the Raspberry Pi board. If the soil moisture value is above the moisture
level then the 3 phase induction motor will be OFF, whereas if the moisture level is low motor
will be ON through the relay. For monitoring the farm at night LDR is used which controls the
light automatically.

D. ALGORITHM

Step 1:Start.

Step 2:Initialize the system on esp 32

Step 3: The water level sensor constantly checks for the water level of the motor.

Step 4: The soil moisture sensor checks the soil moisture level constantly.

Step 5: The DHT11 sensor constantly senses the temperature and humidity of the field and
updates the date in the web server.

Step 6: If the water level reduces the permissible level, the relay which is connected to the
Raspberry Pi will turn on the motor.

Step 7: Similarly, if the soil becomes dry, the motor which is connected to the relay will be
turned on to wet the field.

Step 8: If the step 8 is completed, it will go to the step 4. Step 10: Similarly, if the step 7 is over,
the command will go to the step 3.

CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

 The automated irrigation system is feasible and cost effective for optimizing water
resources for agricultural production. The system would provide feedback control system which
will monitor and control all the activities of plant growth and irrigation system efficiently. Rain
gun sensor can be added so that when it rains there won’t be floods

.  Rain water harvesting can be done and this harvested water can be used to irrigate
fields.
  Hooters can be used so that it gives siren at various occasions such as intrusion
detection, floods etc. Using IR sensors any object passing into fields can be detected and alerted.
We can include many more water quality sensors that affect the crops.

Literature survey

The system has a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors
placed in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information,
triggers actuators, and transmits data to a web application. The system was powered by
photovoltaic panels and had a duplex communication link based on a cellular-Internet interface
that allowed for data inspection and irrigation scheduling to be programmed through a web page.
[1]

The system using remote access and wireless communication is discussed in this paper.
The system explained here is a network of wireless sensors and a wireless base station to process
the sensor data to automate the irrigation system. The sensors are soil moisture sensor and soil
temperature sensor. The Base station microcontroller is programmed such that if the either soil
moisture or temperature parameters cross a predefined threshold level, the irrigation system is
automated, i.e. the motor relay that is connected to water pump, switches to ON otherwise OFF.
[2]

An automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural
crops. The system has a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors
placed in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information,
triggers actuators, and transmits data to a web application. An algorithm was developed with
threshold values of temperature and soil moisture that was programmed into a microcontroller-
based gateway to control water quantity. The system was powered by photovoltaic panels and
had a duplex communication link based on a cellular-Internet interface that allowed for data
inspection and irrigation scheduling to be programmed through a web page. [3]This paper
presents a smart irrigation system for an agriculture farm with the use of devices like Raspberry
Pi. Python programming language is used for automation purpose. This paper contributes an
efficient and fairly cheap automation irrigation system. System once installed has less
maintenance cost and is easy to use .This paper focuses on online monitoring of agriculture field
with the help of Wi-Fi on PC and parameters such as temperature and soil moisture. It is more
advantageous than the traditional agriculture techniques

Referance
[1] SonawaneAbhilashApppasaheb, K.Naveen Reddy, B.Papachary “Auto Irrigation System for
Monitoring and Controlling of Adverse Conditions in Agriculture through Gprs,” On
Development, Advance & trends in Engineering Sciences, vol. 06, no. 2, pp. 230–237, Jan. 2010

[2] NagareVrushali M*, Prof.B.S.Agarkar, Prof.N.D.Kapale, “Automated Irrigation System

Using Wireless Sensor Network And RF module,” International Journal of Engineering Science
& Research Technology, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 29–40, June 2015.

[3] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel
Ángel Porta-Gándara “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and
GPRS Module” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.3, issue 1, May
2013 pp.48t 324-328.

4. BhagyashreeK.Chate, prof.J.G.Rana, “Smart Irrigation System Using Raspberry pi,”

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 03, May 2016.

5.AkshayU.Mankar, Prof. Mrs. SnehalBhosale, “Automatic Irrigation System Using WSN,” On

Internet of Things: Towards a Smart Future & Recent Trends in Electronics & communication
(IOTTSF-2016)., vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 292– 297, Feb 2016

6. Klute, A. (ed.), 1986: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods.
American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 1188 pp.

7. Knight, J.H., 1992: Sensitivity of time domain reflectometry measurements to lateral

variations in soil water content. Water Resources Research, 28, pp. 2345–2352.

8.Magagi, R.D., Kerr, Y.H., 1997. Retrieval of soil moisture and vegetation characteristics by
use of ERS-1 wind scatterometer over arid and semi-arid areas. Journal of Hydrology 188-189,
361–384.