TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Large Numbers .................................................1 Converting Percentage into a Fraction .................. 111

Large Numbers .......................................................... 2 Converting Percentage into a Decimal Number ... 112
The Indian Place Value System ................................. 2 Finding Value of the Percentage of a
Face Value and Place Value ........................................ 6 Given Quantity ........................................................ 112
Comparing and Ordering Numbers ......................... 8 Finding Value of a Given Quantity as a
Forming Numbers...................................................... 9 Percentage ............................................................... 113

d
Predecessor and Successor ...................................... 9 Applications of Percentage in Real Life................. 114

Lt
International Place Value System............................. 11 7. Geometry ...................................................... 119
Rounding Off Numbers ............................................14
Angles ..................................................................... 121

t.
Roman Numerals ..................................................... 17
Types of Lines......................................................... 127

Pv
2. Operations with Large Numbers...................24 Polygons ................................................................. 128
Addition of Large Numbers .................................... 25 Triangles ................................................................. 129
Subtraction of Large Numbers ............................... 27 Circles ..................................................................... 131

e s
Addition and Subtraction in Real Life .................... 30
8. Perimeter, Area and Volume .........................138
Multiplication of Large Numbers............................ 31

ic
Perimeter ................................................................ 139
Division of Large Numbers ..................................... 37

rv
Area ..........................................................................141
Estimation in Operations......................................... 41
Volume .....................................................................146

Se
3. Factors and Multiples ....................................47
9. Measurements ..............................................154
Factors ...................................................................... 48
Metric System ........................................................ 155
Tests of Divisibility ................................................... 48
n
Conversion of Metric Units ................................... 156
Prime and Composite Numbers ............................. 51
io
Operations on Metric Units ................................... 158
Prime Factorisation .................................................. 53
Average ................................................................... 161
at

Highest Common Factor (HCF) ............................... 55

Multiples ................................................................... 58 10. Time ...............................................................167
uc

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) ............................ 59 Conversion of Time ............................................... 168

Relationship between HCF and LCM ...................... 61 24-Hour Clock ......................................................... 170
Ed

4. Fractions .........................................................68 Addition and Subtraction of Time........................ 172

Calendar.................................................................. 175
Fractions ................................................................... 69
a

Comparing and Ordering Fractions ........................ 70 11. Money ............................................................ 181

di

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions ....................74 Unitary Method ...................................................... 182

Multiplication of Fractions....................................... 78 Profit and Loss........................................................ 183
In

Division of Fractions ................................................ 80

Real-life Applications ............................................... 83
12. Symmetry, Patterns and Nets ...................... 190
n

Symmetry ................................................................190
5. Decimals ..........................................................89
so

Tessellation ..............................................................192
Decimals ................................................................... 90 Reflection .................................................................193
ar

Decimal Place Value Chart ....................................... 93 Patterns ....................................................................194

Decimal Fractions into Decimals ............................ 94 Nets ..........................................................................196
Pe

Normal Fractions into Decimals ............................. 94 Perspective ..............................................................197

Decimals into Decimal Fractions ............................ 95
Decimals into Normal Fractions ............................. 95 13. Data Handling ...............................................202
©

Expanded Form of Decimals ................................... 96 Data ......................................................................... 202

Like and Unlike Decimals ........................................ 96 Tally Marks.............................................................. 203
Comparison of Decimals ......................................... 96 Bar Graphs.............................................................. 204
Addition and Subtraction of Decimals ................... 98 Pie Charts ................................................................ 207
Multiplication of Decimals .................................... 100
Focus Olympiad ..................................................... 213
Division of Decimals ...............................................102
Test Paper 1 ............................................................ 219
6. Percentage..................................................... 109
Per Cent.................................................................... 110 Test Paper 2 ............................................................ 220
Converting a Fraction into Percentage .................. 110 Answers .................................................................. 221

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 4 24-07-2019 19:54:54

 Large Numbers

d
Lt
To Do

t.
Pv
Read and write large numbers Form the smallest and the greatest

s
Differentiate between the Indian numbers using the given digits

e
place value system and the Find the successor and the

ic
International place value system predecessor of the given numbers

rv
Explain the concept of face value, Explain the concept of rounding off

Se
place value and expanded form n the numbers
Compare and order large numbers Read and write Roman numerals
io
at
uc

Tune Up
Ed
a

The speed of light in vacuum is two lakh ninety-nine thousand seven hundred
di

and ninety-two kilometres per second.

In

Represent this value on the place value chart. Then, write the place value of
n

each digit.
so

L TTh Th H T O
ar
Pe

Large Numbers
©

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 1 24-07-2019 19:55:08

 Count the number of pages in this book. How many digits the number has—
1, 2 or 3?
Now, read the following car advertisement that was printed in the newspaper.
“1000000 satisfied customers in 5 years!”
How many digits this number has? How to read such a large number?
Let us learn about numbers having more than 6-digits.

LARGE NUMBERS

d
Lt
The digits of a number keep on increasing by putting an extra digit at the
highest place value.

t.
Pv
The largest 4-digit number is 9999.
The smallest 5-digit number is 10000.

s
The smallest 8-digit number is 10000000.

e
ic
The largest 9-digit number is 999999999.

rv
We can write any large number by increasing the digits of a number. How to

Se
read such large numbers? Let us find out.
We have studied about place value chart to write large numbers in previous
n
grades. There are two place value systems to represent large numbers—the
io

Indian place value system and the International place value system. It
at

means that there are two systems to read and write large numbers. Let us
uc

learn about these systems.

Ed

THE INDIAN PLACE VALUE SYSTEM

a

To represent a number in the Indian place value system, we need to write a

di

face value of each digit of a number in the Indian place value chart.
In

Indian Place Value Chart

n

Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones Periods

so

Thousands

Thousands
Ten crores

Hundreds
Ten lakhs
ar Crores

Lakhs

Ones
Tens
Ten
Pe
Large Numbers

Places
©

TC C TL L TTh Th H T O

Number of Number of Number of

crores lakhs thousands

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 2 24-07-2019 19:55:08

 In the Indian place value system, the first 9 places are grouped into four
periods—Ones, Thousands, Lakhs and Crores.
Let us write a 9-digit number, 315576000, according to the Indian place
value system.

Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones

TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
3 1 5 5 7 6 0 0 0

d
Lt
31 55 76 0

t.
Pv
Rules to Read and Write a Large Number

s
1. Write the number in the place value chart.

e
ic
2. Always read from left to right.

rv
3. Read the number in each period.

Se
4. Say the name of the period after each number in the period. The name of
the period is always read or written in singular. If a period has zeroes at
n
all the places, skip that period.
io

5. Do not read out the name of the ones period. Just read or write the
at

number.
uc

6. While writing a number, always put a comma after each period.

Ed

So, the number 315576000 is written as 31,55,76,000 and read as thirty-one

crore fifty-five lakh seventy-six thousand.
a
di

Example 1: Write and read the following numbers according to the Indian
In

place value system.

n

a) 123456789 b) 1010101 c) 50000005

so

Solution:
ar

a) Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones

Pe

TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
Large Numbers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
©

12 34 56 789

123456789 is written as 12,34,56,789 and read as twelve crore thirty-four

lakh fifty-six thousand seven hundred eighty-nine.

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 3 24-07-2019 19:55:09

 b) Lakhs Thousands Ones
TL L TTh Th H T O
1 0 1 0 1 0 1

10 10 101

1010101 is written as 10,10,101 and read as ten lakh ten thousand one
hundred one.

d
Lt
c) Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones
TC C TL L TTh Th H T O

t.
Pv
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

s
5 0 0 5

e
ic
50000005 is written as 5,00,00,005 and read as five crore five.

rv
Example 2: Mark the periods using commas in the number 501006007 and

Se
then read the given number according to the Indian place value system.
n
Solution: Write the number and mark the periods with commas.
io
50,10,06,007
at
uc
Ed

50 crores 10 lakhs 6 thousands 7

a
di

It can be read as fifty crore ten lakh six thousand seven.

In

Example 3: Write the numerals for the numbers according to the Indian
place value system.
n
so

a) Forty-five lakh eleven thousand two hundred sixty-three

ar

b) Ninety lakh one hundred five

Pe

c) Seventeen crore eight lakh forty-one thousand nineteen

Solution:
Large Numbers

a) Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones

TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
4 5 1 1 2 6 3

The answer is 45,11,263.

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 4 24-07-2019 19:55:09

 b) Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones
TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
9 0 0 0 1 0 5

The answer is 90,00,105.

c) Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones
TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
1 7 0 8 4 1 0 1 9

d
Lt
The answer is 17,08,41,019.

t.
Exercise 1.1

Pv
1. Write the following numbers in the Indian place value chart.

s
a) 3672891 b) 58359241 c) 47927045

e
ic
d) 278036278 e) 7767193 f) 910089240

rv
2. Mark the periods using commas in the following numbers according to the

Se
Indian place value system.
a) 2637145 b) 4367201 c) 17863982
n
io
d) 60405107 e) 550640017 f) 73500278
at

3. Write the numerals for the following numbers according to the Indian place
uc

value system.
Ed

a) Forty-five lakh six thousand nine

b) Twenty-eight crore nine hundred forty-two
a

c) Seven crore three hundred nine

di

d) One crore six lakh three thousand five

In

e) Three crore seven lakh forty-two thousand eight hundred ten

n
so

f) Four crore twenty-six lakh forty-five thousand three hundred six

g) Twenty-three crore eight lakh thirty thousand sixteen
ar
Pe

4. Write the number names for the following numbers.

a) 3,45,678 b) 27,80,403 c) 6,40,07,017 d) 72,60,00, 277
Large Numbers
©

5. Circle the numbers that are written correctly according to the Indian place value
system.
a) 4,39,009 b) 22,34,323 c) 1,36,8,523
d) 7,89,65,4 e) 1,01,01,00

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 5 24-07-2019 19:55:10

 6. Form new numbers by reversing the digits of the following numbers. Also, write
the number names of the numbers so formed.
a) 63,39,201 b) 56,30,957 c) 4,07,06,211
d) 6,00,06,738 e) 89,00,026 f) 73,60,24,859

FACE VALUE AND PLACE VALUE

d
Lt
Face Value

t.
The face value of a digit in a number is the digit itself. The place at which

Pv
the digit is present does not matter.

s
Example 4: Write the face value of each digit in the number 31,50,736.

e
ic
Solution: Represent 31,50,736 in the place value chart.

rv
Lakhs Thousands Ones

Se
TL L TTh Th H T O
3 1 5 0 7 3 6
n
io
at

Face value 3 1 5 0 7 3 6
uc

Place Value
Ed

Each place in a number has a value associated with it. The place value chart
a

shown below is used to find the place value of a digit.

di
In

Period Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones

Place TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
n

Place
so

10,00,00,000 1,00,00,000 10,00,000 1,00,000 10,000 1,000 100 10 1

value
ar

The value of each place is 10 times the value of the place on its immediate
Pe

right.
Large Numbers

The place value of a digit in a number depends on the place it occupies in

©

the place value chart. It is calculated by the following formula.

Place value of a digit = Face value of the digit × Value of the place

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 6 24-07-2019 19:55:10

 Example 5: Write the place value of each digit in the number 31,50,736.
Solution: Represent 31,50,736 in the place value chart.

Lakhs Thousands Ones

TL L TTh Th H T O
3 1 5 0 7 3 6 Place value
6×1=6

d
3 × 10 = 30

Lt
7 × 100 = 700

t.
Pv
0 × 1000 = 0
5 × 10,000 = 50,000

e s
1 × 1,00,000 = 1,00,000

ic
3 × 10,00,000 = 30,00,000

rv
Se
Expanded Form
Expressing a number as the sum of the place values of all its digits is called
n
io
its expanded form.
at

Refer to the previous example (Example 5), the expanded form of the
uc

number 31,50,736 is written with the help of place value chart.

Ed

Thus, 31,50,736 = 30,00,000 + 1,00,000 + 50,000 + 0 + 700 + 30 + 6

Expanded form in words:
a
di

3 ten lakhs + 1 lakh + 5 ten thousands + 0 thousands + 7 hundreds + 3 tens

In

+ 6 ones
n

Exercise 1.2
so

1. Write the face value and the place value of the coloured digit in each number.
ar

a) 1,27,804 b) 8,34,796 c) 14,08,563

Pe

d) 97,64,128 e) 6,93,74,128 f) 79,15,62,038

Large Numbers
©

2. Write the place value of the coloured digits in each number. Also, write the sum
of the place values of the coloured digits.
a) 8,14,549 b) 27,50,781 c) 60,35,056
d) 9,01,41,650 e) 41,23,212 f) 14,05,08,369

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 7 24-07-2019 19:55:11

 3. Write the following numbers in the expanded form. Also, write their expanded
form in words.
a) 10,32,522 b) 64,09,410 c) 5,34,72,361
d) 39,25,61,053 e) 41,52,80,923 f) 55,55,55,555
4. Write the standard form for each of the following:
a) 8,00,000 + 10,000 + 4,000 + 500 + 20 + 3
b) 40,00,00,000 + 7,00,00,000 + 30,000 + 800 + 60 + 9

d
Lt
c) 5,00,00,000 + 4,000 + 6
d) 60,00,00,000 + 9,00,000 + 1

t.
Pv
e) 6 lakhs + 4 ten thousands + 7 ones
f) 4 crores + 6 ten thousands + 4 hundreds + 9 ones

e s
g) 9 crores + 6 ten lakhs + 4 thousands + 2 hundreds + 8 tens

ic
rv
COMPARING AND ORDERING NUMBERS
Se
You have learnt to compare small numbers in your previous grades. The
n
rules for comparing numbers remain the same even for large numbers.
io
at

1. Compare the number of digits in the two numbers. The number with more
uc

number of digits is greater than the number with less number of digits.
Let us compare 7,06,24,538 and 21,63,740.
Ed

7,06,24,538 > 21,63,740

a
di

8 digits 7 digits
In

2. If the two numbers have equal number of digits, write them one above the
n

other. Compare the digits at each place in the two numbers, starting from
so

the extreme left.

ar

Stop when you come across different digits at the same place. The number
Pe

with greater digit at that place is greater than the other number.
Let us compare 60,14,53,879 and 60,14,60,752.
Large Numbers

6 0 1 4 5 3 8 7 9
6 0 1 4 6 0 7 5 2

Same Same Same Same Different No need to compare these digits

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 8 24-07-2019 19:55:11

 Here, 5 < 6
So, 60,14,53,879 < 60,14,60,752
In the same manner, we can compare more than two numbers and write
them in the ascending or the descending order. It also helps us to find out
the greatest and the smallest numbers among a group of numbers.
Example 6: Write the following numbers in the ascending and the
descending order.

d
Lt
3,70,024 12,03,450 6,976 7,49,621

t.
Solution: Ascending order: 6,976 < 3,70,024 < 7,49,621 < 12,03,450

Pv
Descending order: 12,03,450 > 7,49,621 > 3,70,024 > 6,976

es
FORMING NUMBERS

ic
To form the greatest number with a given set of digits, arrange the digits in

rv
the descending order.

Se
To form the smallest number with a given set of digits, arrange the digits in
n
the ascending order. If there is 0 at the extreme left, interchange it with the
io
digit on its immediate right.
at

Example 7: Form the greatest and the smallest numbers using the digits 0, 9,
uc

5, 7, 3 and 4.
Ed

Solution: To form the greatest number, arrange the digits in the descending
order.
a
di

We get 9 > 7 > 5 > 4 > 3 > 0.

In

Thus, the required greatest number is 9,75,430.

n
so

To form a smallest number, arrange the digits in the ascending order.

ar

We get 0 < 3 < 4 < 5 < 7 < 9.

Pe

As we cannot place 0 at the extreme left, interchange it with the digit on its
immediate right. So, we get 3 0 4 5 7 9.
Large Numbers
©

Thus, the required smallest number is 3,04,579.

PREDECESSOR AND SUCCESSOR

The number that comes ‘just before’ a given number is called its
predecessor.
9

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 9 24-07-2019 19:55:12

 To find the predecessor of a number, subtract 1 from it.
The number that comes ‘just after’ a given number is called its successor.
To find the successor of a number, add 1 to it.
Example 8: Find the predecessor and successor of 5,47,36,219.
Solution:
Number 5 4 7 3 6 2 1 9 The predecessor of 5,47,36,219

d
Subtract 1 – 1 = 5,47,36,218.

Lt
Predecessor 5 4 7 3 6 2 1 8

t.
Number 5 4 7 3 6 2 1 9 The successor of 5,47,36,219

Pv
Add 1 + 1 = 5,47,36,220.

s
Successor 5 4 7 3 6 2 2 0

e
ic
Exercise 1.3

rv
Se
1. Identify the order (ascending or descending) in which the following numbers are
arranged. n
a) 90,86,45,030; 90,68,45,030; 90,58,46,030; 90,46,58,030; 90,45,86,030
io

b) 38,04,26,009; 38,24,06,009; 38,40,26,009; 38,46,02,009; 38,60,42,009

at

c) 42,09,40,295; 42,09,42,095; 42,09,45,029; 42,09,52,094; 42,09,54,902

uc

d) 7,00,74,095; 6,70,42,095; 6,09,45,029; 6,09,32,094; 5,20,94,902

Ed

2. Write the successor and predecessor of each number.

a

a) 7,67,84,895 b) 1,58,90,281 c) 9,38,75,659 d) 3,89,02,499

di

e) 3,52,06,419 f) 5,77,94,815 g) 8,58,90,281 h) 5,69,93,875

In

i) 9,03,89,249 j) 1,30,96,524 k) 21,97,63,145 l) 76,00,00,012

n
so

3. Compare each pair of numbers and put < or > sign.

a) 55,05,05,055 50,05,05,055 b) 78,10,23,408 78,10,23,418
ar

c) 8,64,56,701 8,90,00,000 d) 3,45,12,006 5,48,789

Pe

e) 3,45,87,891 3,54,87,891 f) 6,15,42,086 6,44,17,819

Large Numbers

4. Form the smallest and the greatest numbers using the given digits. Use all the
digits and do not repeat any digit.
a) 1, 4, 5, 0, 8, 7, 3, 2 b) 3, 5, 7, 1, 9, 2
c) 9, 0, 8, 2, 3, 6, 1, 7 d) 7, 9, 5, 3, 8, 1, 4

10

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 10 24-07-2019 19:55:12

 5. Write the following numbers in the descending order.
a) 23,54,208; 23,64,802; 24,64,008; 42,24,802
b) 1,81,29,412; 1,18,29,214; 1,81,39,412; 1,18,90,900
c) 7,88,19,142; 7,81,29,214; 8,11,39,412; 9,18,10,900
6. Write the following numbers in the ascending order.
a) 4,85,29,412; 4,68,29,214; 4,86,39,412; 41,68,90,900

d
Lt
b) 50,28,900; 5,00,20,900; 55,29,602; 50,80,03,080
c) 45,28,009; 4,50,82,009; 45,82,009; 45,28,03,009

t.
Pv
INTERNATIONAL PLACE VALUE SYSTEM

e s
ic
The place value system used worldwide is known as the International

rv
place value system.

Se
The International place value chart and its comparison with the Indian place
value chart are given below.
n
io
International Place Value System
at

Millions Thousands Ones

uc

Thousands
thousands

thousands

Hundreds
Hundred

Hundred
millions

millions

Millions

Ones
Tens
Ten
Ten

Ed
a

HM TM M HTh TTh Th H T O
di
In

TC C TL L TTh Th H T O
n

Thousands
thousands
Ten crores

Hundreds
Ten lakhs
so Crores

Lakhs

Ones
Tens
Ten
ar
Pe

Crores Lakhs Thousands Ones

Indian Place Value System
Large Numbers
©

By comparing the two systems, we can make the following observations.

• In the International place value system, the first nine places are grouped
into 3 periods—ones, thousands and millions.
In the Indian place value system, the first nine places are grouped into 4
periods—ones, thousands, lakhs and crores.
11

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 11 24-07-2019 19:55:13

 • In the International place value system, each period has 3 places.
In the Indian place value system, the ones period has 3 places. All the
other periods have 2 places.
• The places from ones till ten thousands are the same in both the systems.
• The rules for writing number names are the same in both the systems. The
only difference lies in the places and periods.
Example 9: Mark the periods with commas in the number 45276981 and

d
write the number name as per both Indian and International systems.

Lt
Solution: In Indian system, we write

t.
Pv
4,52,76,981—Four crore fifty-two lakh seventy-six thousand nine hundred
eighty-one

e s
In International system, we write

ic
45,276,981—Forty-five million two hundred seventy-six thousand nine

rv
hundred eighty-one

Se
Example 10: Write the place value of each digit of the number 452760318
n
according to the International place value system. Also, write it in expanded
io
form.
at

Solution:
uc

Period Millions Thousands Ones

Ed

Place HM TM M HTh TTh Th H T O

Place
a

400,000,000 50,000,000 2,000,000 700,000 60,000 0 300 10 8

value
di
In

Expanded form:
n

In words: 4 hundred millions + 5 ten Apply It

so

millions + 2 millions + 7 hundred

The populations of youngsters in two
ar

thousands + 6 ten thousands + 3

metro cities are given below.
hundreds + 1 ten + 8 ones
Pe

City A = 2340569 City B = 3100112

In figures: 400,000,000 + 50,000,000 +
Large Numbers

2,000,000 + 700,000 + 60,000 + 300 Write both the populations in words

+ 10 + 8 according to the International place
value system. Also, write the name of
The International system is further the city with a larger population of
extended to read and write numbers youngsters.

12

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 12 24-07-2019 19:55:13

 beyond millions. The periods of three digits each are introduced to the left
of the millions period. These periods are Billions (to the left of Millions) and
Trillions (to the left of Billions).
Example 11: For the given numbers, Grasp It
rearrange the commas as per the 1 lakh = 100 thousands
International place value system. 1 million = 10 lakhs
a) 22,41,36,001 b) 1,19,57,642 10 millions = 1 crore
1 billion = 1,000 millions

d
Solution: a) 22,41,36,001 = 224,136,001

Lt
= 100 crores
b) 1,19,57,642 = 11,957,642 1 trillion = 1,000 billions

t.
= 1,00,000 crores

Pv
e s
Exercise 1.4

ic
rv
1. Write the number names of the following numbers according to the International

Se
place value system.
a) 4517301 b) 9340001 c) 70707971
n
d) 978579832 e) 5883279 f) 581417530
io
at

2. Write numerals for the following numbers and place commas correctly.
uc

a) Ninety-seven lakh fifty-three thousand fifteen

Ed

b) Seventy-three crore five lakh eighty-five thousand three hundred five

c) Eighty-five lakh two hundred
a

d) Six million seven hundred eighty-two thousand five hundred six

di

e) Eight hundred eighty-eight million eight hundred thousand

In

eighty-eight
n

f) One hundred million two hundred thousand five

so

3. Rearrange the commas according to the International place value system.

ar

a) 89,76,86,824 b) 49,00,70,100 c) 98,05,45,283 d) 25,36,87,304

Pe

e) 70,99,140 f) 6,79,402 g) 8,35,44,738 h) 7,87,36,438

Large Numbers
©

4. Fill in the blanks.

a) 1 crore = _______ lakhs b) 1 trillion = _______ billions
c) _______ lakhs = 1 million d) _______ millions = 1 crore
e) 1 lakh = _______ thousands f) _______ millions = 1 billion

13

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 13 24-07-2019 19:55:14

 5. Mark periods with commas as per the Indian and International systems. Also,
write the place value of the coloured digit in each system.

Indian system International system

Number Place value Number Place value
a) 42906735 4,29,06,735 9,00,000 42,906,735 900,000
b) 28307546

d
Lt
c) 74810325

t.
d) 57964536

Pv
e) 964802571

es
6. Write the following number names according to the International place value

ic
system.

rv
Se
a) Eighty-seven lakh fifty-three thousand twelve
b) Seventy-three crore five lakh eighty-five thousand three hundred five
n
c) Eighty-five lakh seven
io

d) Forty-five lakh six thousand nine

at

e) Three crore six lakh forty-two thousand eight hundred ten

uc
Ed
a

ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS

di

Anshul organised a birthday party at home. There were 28 guests. He said in

In

the class that there were about 30 guests at his birthday party.
n
so

Here, the number 30 is a multiple of 10

and therefore, easy to remember. It is also Grasp It
ar

very close to the actual number 28. Finding Rounding off gives an
Pe

such a number that is close to the original approximate number rather

number and easy to remember is called than an exact number.
Large Numbers

rounding off.
The numbers such as 10, 100 and 1000 their multiples are easy to remember.
So, while rounding off, we always find a multiple of 10, 100 or 1000, that is
nearest to the actual number.

14

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 14 24-07-2019 19:55:16

 When a number is rounded off to a lower number, we say that it is
rounded down.
When a number is rounded off to a higher number, we say that it is
rounded up.

Rounding off to the Nearest 10

To round off a given number to the nearest 10, find out the multiple of 10

d
that is nearest to the given number.

Lt
Example 12: Round off 23 to the nearest 10.

t.
Solution: 23 lies between 20 and 30. So, on a number line, mark all the

Pv
numbers from 20 to 30.

e s
ic
rv
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Se
Clearly, 23 is closer to 20 than to 30. So, we
Grasp It
n
round off 23 to 20.
io
A number at the midway point is
Example 13: Round off 68 to the nearest
at

always rounded up.

10.
uc

So, 25 will be rounded off to 30,

Solution: 68 lies between 60 and 70. So, on not 20. Similarly, the number 95
Ed

a number line, mark all the numbers from will be rounded off to 100, not 90.
60 to 70.
a
di
In
n
so

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
ar

Clearly, 68 is closer to 70 than to 60. So, we round off 68 to 70.

Pe

Rounding off to the Nearest 100

Large Numbers
©

To round off a given number to the nearest 100, find out the multiple of 100
that is nearest to the given number.

15

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 15 24-07-2019 19:55:16

 Example 14: Round off 230 to the nearest 100.
Solution: 230 lies between 200 and 300. So, draw a number line from 200 to
300 as shown.

200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300

d
Clearly, 230 lies closer to 200 than to 300. So, we round off 230 to 200.

Lt
t.
Rounding off to the Nearest 1000

Pv
To round off a given number to the nearest 1000, find out the multiple of
1000 that is nearest to the given number.

e s
Example 15: Round off 6800 to the nearest 1000.

ic
rv
Solution: 6800 lies between 6000 and 7000. So, draw a number line from

Se
6000 to 7000 as shown.
n
io
at

6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000
uc
Ed

Clearly, 6800 lies closer to 7000 than to 6000. So, we round off 6800 to 7000.

Shortcut Method of Rounding off

a
di

Some steps to round off a number using a shortcut method are given below.
In

1. Identify the place to be rounded off. Underline the digit at this place.
n

2. Highlight the digit to the immediate right of

so

the underlined digit.

ar

Grasp It
3. Compare the highlighted digit with 5
Pe

(midway mark). Date and time should not be

rounded off.
Large Numbers

i) If it is < 5, then the number is rounded

©

down. All the digits to the right of the

underlined digit are replaced with zero.
ii) If it is equal to or > 5, then the number is rounded up. The underlined
digit is increased by 1. All the numbers to the right of it are replaced
with zeroes.
16

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 16 24-07-2019 19:55:16

 Example 16: Round off each of the following numbers.
a) 72 to the nearest 10 b) 2,538 to the nearest 100
c) 21,620 to the nearest 1000 d) 47,580 to the nearest 1000
Solution:
a) 72 Here, 2 < 5 So, 72 is rounded down to 70.
b) 2538 Here, 3 < 5 So, 2538 is rounded down to 2,500.

d
c) 21620 Here, 6 > 5 So, 21620 is rounded up to 22,000.

Lt
d) 47580 Here, 5 = 5 So, 47580 is rounded up to 48,000.

t.
Pv
Exercise 1.5
1. Round off the following numbers to the nearest 10.

e s
a) 23 b) 146 c) 258 d) 1062 e) 83

ic
rv
f) 237 g) 479 h) 1252 i) 347 j) 24

Se
2. Round off the following numbers to the nearest 100.
a) 3496 b) 5998 c) 1058 d) 7460 e) 23183
n
io
f) 6337 g) 3579 h) 3252 i) 7847 j) 2124
at

3. Round off the following numbers to the nearest 1000.

uc

a) 6349 b) 57210 c) 2196 d) 8152 e) 4825

Ed

f) 46537 g) 9876 h) 12346 i) 32784 j) 10562

a
di

ROMAN NUMERALS
In

Roman numeral system is the numeral system that was used in ancient
n

Rome. It has 7 basic symbols—I, V, X, L, C, D and M. Different combinations

so

of these symbols are used to represent numbers.

ar

The following table lists the Roman numerals and their corresponding values
Pe

in the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

Large Numbers
©

Roman numeral I V X L C D M
Hindu-Arabic numeral 1 5 10 50 100 500 1,000

Roman numeral system does not have the concept of ‘0’ and ‘place value’.

17

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 17 24-07-2019 19:55:17

 Rules for Writing Roman Numerals
Rule 1: When a symbol is repeated, its value Grasp It
is added as many times as it is repeated.
• Only I, X, C and M can be
For examples: II = 1 + 1 = 2 repeated.
XXX = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 • A symbol can be repeated up
CC = 100 + 100 = 200 to a maximum of three times
in a number.

d
Rule 2: When a symbol of smaller value is
• The symbols V, L and D are

Lt
written to the right of a symbol of greater never subtracted.
value, the smaller value is added to the

t.
• I can be subtracted from V

Pv
greater value. and X only.
For examples: VI = 5 + 1 = 6 • X can be subtracted from L

s
and C only.

e
VIII = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8

ic
• C can be subtracted from D
DXII = 500 + 10 + 1 + 1 = 512

rv
and M only.
CXV = 100 + 10 + 5 =115

Se
• Subtract only one number
MXXVII = 1,000 +10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 1,027
n from another.
Rule 3: When a symbol of smaller value
io
is written to the left of a symbol of greater value, the smaller value is
at

subtracted from the greater value.

uc

For examples: IV = 5 – 1 = 4
Ed

XC = 100 – 10 = 90
a

XL = 50 – 10 = 40
di

CM = 1,000 – 100 = 900

In

Rule 4: If a smaller numeral is placed between two greater numerals, then it

n

is always subtracted from the numeral immediately following it.

so

For examples: XIV = 10 + (5 – 1) = 14

ar

XIX = 10 + (10 – 1) = 19
Pe

CXIV = 100 + 10 + (5 – 1) = 114 Get It

Large Numbers

Rule 5: If a bar is placed over a • 14 = XIIII

numeral, then it is multiplied by 1,000. 14 = XIV
For examples: V = 5,000 L = 50,000 • XIX = 10 + 1 + 10 = 21
XIX = 10 + (10 –1) = 10 + 9 = 19
IVXI = 4,000 + 10 + 1 = 4,011

18

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 18 24-07-2019 19:55:18

 Exercise 1.6
1. Write the corresponding Hindu-Arabic numeral for the following:
a) LXIX b) XLVIII c) XCIV d) CCCXLIX e) CXLII
2. Write the corresponding Roman numeral for the following:
a) 59 b) 98 c) 324 d) 447 e) 210
3. Which of the following Roman numerals are meaningless? Give reasons to justify

d
your answer.

Lt
a) DCVX b) LXIIII c) CDXCIX d) CMXC e) XDIV

t.
4. Fill in the boxes with the correct symbol < or >.

Pv
a) XVI XIV b) LXVII XLVII c) CD DC

e s
d) XC DC e) MLI MXL f) LXXXIX XCIX

ic
rv
Wrap Up Se
n
io
at

• The periods in Indian and International place value systems are separated by
uc

commas.
• The first five places in the Indian and International systems are the same.
Ed

• The face value of a digit in a number is the digit itself.

a

• The place value of a digit in a number can be calculated by:

di

Place value of a digit = Face value of the digit × Value of the place
In

• Expressing a number as the sum of the place values of all its digits is called its
n

expanded form.
so

• The number with more number of digits is greater than the number with less
number of digits.
ar

• If the two numbers have equal number of digits, then compare the digits at
Pe

each place, starting from the left.

Large Numbers

• The smallest and the greatest numbers can be formed by arranging the given
©

digits in ascending and descending order, respectively.

• Roman numeral system uses the symbols—I, V, X, L, C, D and M to represent
numbers.

19

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 19 24-07-2019 19:55:20

 Workout

1. Write the number names for the following numbers.

a) 26,04,783 b) 5,901,080 c) 4,63,20,539
d) 70,051,900 e) 17,25,09,250 f) 905,203,417
2. Write the numerals for the following number names.

d
Lt
a) Forty-six lakh eight thousand five hundred seventy-nine
b) Seven crore five thousand twelve

t.
Pv
c) Ninety million three thousand two hundred seven
d) One million three hundred twenty thousand four hundred eighty

e s
3. Write the place value of the coloured digit.

ic
a) 2,10,56,734 b) 5,27,60,480 c) 13,06,25,425

rv
Se
4. Write the following numbers in words, using both Indian and International
systems. n
a) 2460091 b) 54075407 c) 308056014
io

5. Write the following numbers in the expanded form.

at

a) 15,73,091 b) 4,05,68,330 c) 6,18,07,520

uc

6. Write the following in the standard form.

Ed

a) 4,00,000 + 40,000 + 400 + 4 b) 50,00,000 + 4,000 + 20 + 8

a

7. Arrange the following numbers in the ascending order.

di

a) 27,45,305; 1,18,46,306; 17,45,300; 26,90,318; 27,54,779

In

b) 37,07,945; 11,60,68,426; 47,06,940; 37,10,148; 34,10,148

n
so

8. Arrange the following numbers in the descending order.

a) 17,25,695; 17,35,600; 17,20,798; 27,25,695; 1,12,24,306
ar
Pe

b) 64,10,428; 64,09,430; 6,30,06,300; 63,10,420; 63,30,859

9. Write the successor and the predecessor of the following numbers.
Large Numbers

a) 25,20,100 b) 80,64,925 c) 2,25,40,509 d) 2,19,99,999

10. Form the greatest and the smallest 8-digit numbers with the digits 8, 5, 2, 4, 0,
6 and 1. You may repeat one of the digits. Use all digits at least once to form the
8-digit numbers.

20

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 20 24-07-2019 19:55:22

 11. Round off each of the following numbers to the nearest 10, 100 and 1000.
a) 25,18,573 b) 68,20,998 c) 37,66,228 d) 3,50,19,099
12. Write Roman numerals for the following numbers.
a) 792 b) 1090 c) 1600 d) 1935

Mental Maths

d
Lt
Understand

t.
Pv
Add Roman numerals without converting them into Hindu-Arabic numerals
Let us add CCCI and CCLVI using following steps:

e s
CCCVI + CCLVI = CCCVICCLVI (combine all the symbols)

ic
= CCCCCLVVII (regroup the common symbols)

rv
= DLXII (substitute a symbol of bigger value in place of 2 or more

Se
same symbols of smaller values)
n
Perform
io

1. Add the following Roman numerals.

at

a) XXX + IX b) XXXVIII + XXII c) CLV + XVII

uc

d) CCLXII + CXIII e) MCXVII + MCXVI f) MCLVIII + CII

Ed
a
di

Maths Lab Activity

In
n
so

Aim: To understand the concept of building numbers

Materials required: Counters with numbers from 0 to 9 written on them
ar

Method:
Pe

1. The teacher will ask 7 students to come up and pick a counter each. Suppose
Large Numbers
©

the students pick the counters with numbers 9, 4, 0, 5, 3, 7 and 1.

2. The teacher will give a few clues to the students and ask them to rearrange the
counters to form numbers.
Sample clues:
a) Form all possible 6-digit numbers that are less than 54,00,000.

21

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 21 24-07-2019 19:55:25

 b) Form five even numbers that are more than 40,00,000.
c) Form the smallest number using all the digits.
d) Form five odd numbers that are less than 50,00,000.
3. The teacher will ask one more student to pick a counter and form the greatest
and largest 8-digit numbers.

d
Lt
Maths in Action

t.
Pv
The distance of the Sun from the Earth is about 149,600,000 km. Write this
numeral in words according to the Indian and International place value systems.

s
e
ic
rv
Enrich Your Intelligence Quotient

Se
n
io
HOTS
at

1. If the alphabets A, E and T stand for 10, 100 and ATE = 101000100
1000, respectively, then decode the following codes
uc

to find the numbers they represent. One has been EAT = __________
Ed

done for you. TEA = __________

Write the numbers you get in words according to the
a

Indian place value system. Also, find the greatest of these numbers.
di

2. Rahul and Aditya are playing a game. Rahul calls out any number between
In

1 and 100, then, Aditya rounds off that number to the nearest 10 and reads
n

the answer out loud. What should Aditya say, if Rahul calls out 54?
so

a) 70 b) 60 c) 50 d) 40
ar

3. Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for the following situations.

Pe

a) The school starts at 7:35 a.m. Can it be rounded off to 7:40 a.m.? _______
b) There are 197 students in a school. Can it be rounded off to 200? _______
Large Numbers

22

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 22 24-07-2019 19:55:27

 Enrich Your Emotional Quotient

Life Skills and Values

A well-known Indian company has decided to donate an amount of
56042555 towards the upliftment of the girl child in India.

d
a) Write this numeral in words according to the Indian place value system.

Lt
b) Insert commas in the numeral as per the International place value system.

t.
We should also donate our old clothes, shoes and textbooks to the needy. The

Pv
joy of giving spreads smiles. Do you want to spread smiles?
Mathematician

e s
Aryabhata made a significant contribution to mathematics and astronomy. He

ic
had worked on the place value system and used letters to represent numbers.

rv
His major contribution in mathematics includes introduction of zero to the

Se
world and calculating the approximate value of π (pronounced as ‘pi’). He did
some significant work in astronomy as well. In his honour, the first Indian
n
satellite is named after him as ‘Aryabhata’ .
io
at
uc
Ed

Enrich Your Happiness Quotient

a
di

Fun Activity
In

Make 10 chits of different colours. Write one number on each chit from 0 to 9.
n

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
so
ar

• Form the greatest 8-digit number without using the red and pink chits.
Pe

• Form the smallest 7-digit number without using the yellow, blue and orange
Large Numbers
©

chits.
• Form the greatest 6-digit even and odd numbers by using orange and yellow
chits at the ones places.

23

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 23 24-07-2019 19:55:29

 Operations with Large
Numbers

d
Lt
To Do

t.
Pv
Add, subtract, multiply and divide Estimate the addition, subtraction,

s
large numbers multiplication and division of large

e
Apply mathematical operations in numbers

ic
real life

rv
Se
n
Tune Up
io
at

Raghav is a great batsman of his state. In an ongoing cricket match, he is playing

uc

on 188 runs. His friends are cheering for him and holding banners. If he makes
another 47 runs in this match, he will complete 15,000 runs in test matches.
Ed

• How many runs had he already scored before coming to play this match?
a

• What will be his total score in this match on reaching 15,000 runs?
di
In

Show your support to Raghav and write the answer to these questions.
Operations with Large Numbers

n
so

Runs scored before Total score in the match on

this match reaching 15,000
ar

_____________ _____________
Pe
©

In the previous chapter, we have learned about large numbers. Now, we

shall learn about addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of large
numbers.

24

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 24 24-07-2019 19:55:39

 ADDITION OF LARGE NUMBERS
The method of addition remains the same whether the numbers to be added
are small or large. Let us recall the steps involved in addition.
Step 1: Write the numbers in the place value chart one below the other.
Ensure that digits at the same place are in the same column.
Step 2: Addition is done column-wise, from right to left. So, always start
adding from the lowest (ones) place and move to the higher places, adding

d
one column at a time.

Lt
Step 3: Regroup (carry over) whenever the sum in a column exceeds 9.

t.
Pv
Example 1: Solve 12,64,750 + 4,12,673 + 36,82,145.
Solution:

s
TL L TTh Th H T O Get It

e
Carry

ic
1 1 1 1
overs Always write digits

rv
1 2 6 4 7 5 0 one below the other

Se
4 1 2 6 7 3 Addends
correctly; otherwise
the answer will be
+ 3 6 8 2 1 4 5
n
wrong.
io
5 3 5 9 5 6 8 Sum
at

Answer: Sum = 53,59,568

uc

Example 2: Add 32,05,815; 2,76,48,950 and 4,63,25,705.

Ed

Solution:
C TL L TTh Th H T O
a
di

1 1 2 2 1
In

3 2 0 5 8 1 5

Operations with Large Numbers

n

2 7 6 4 8 9 5 0
so

+ 4 6 3 2 5 7 0 5
ar

7 7 1 8 0 4 7 0
Pe

Answer: Sum = 7,71,80,470

©

Apply It
City A, city B and city C have a population of 1,78,38,842; 46,61,452 and 17,98,954,
respectively. What is the total population of these cities?

25

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 25 24-07-2019 19:55:41

 Properties of Addition
Property 1: We can add numbers in
any order. If we change the order of Grasp It
addends, the sum does not change. In an addition, the numbers to be
added are called addends and the
For example: 25,70,381 + 5,09,650
result obtained is called the sum or
= 30,80,031
the total.
5,09,650 + 25,70,381

d
Lt
= 30,80,031
Property 2: We often use grouping while adding more than two numbers.

t.
Pv
There is no change in the sum if the grouping is changed.
For example: 1,05,24,720 + (3,12,050 + 55,20,840) = 1,63,57,610

es
(1,05,24,720 + 3,12,050) + 55,20,840 = 1,63,57,610

ic
rv
(1,05,24,720 + 55,20,840) + 3,12,050 = 1,63,57,610

Se
Property 3: If we add zero to a number, the sum will be the number itself.
For example: 3,57,890 + 0 = 3,57,890 0 + 3,57,890 = 3,57,890
n
io
at

Exercise 2.1
uc

1. Add the following numbers and mark the periods in the sum.
Ed

a) 1 1 0 4 8 8 2 b) 5 1 9 7 7 2 2
a

+ 7 7 3 5 3 7 8 + 7 0 1 2 3 9 3
di
In
Operations with Large Numbers

n
so

c) 1 1 1 4 3 5 0 d) 8 4 7 4 0 3 2
ar

+ 3 8 7 9 5 6 5 + 3 8 7 9 5 6 5
Pe
©

e) 8 4 4 5 1 1 0 f) 1 2 3 0 0 0 1
+ 7 1 4 5 9 2 8 + 7 8 3 3 5 1 8

26

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 26 24-07-2019 19:55:42

 2. Arrange the following addends in columns and find the sum.
a) 23,561 + 1,468 + 8,60,686 b) 5,16,584 + 73,483 + 3,48,912
c) 1,67,152 + 9,21,264 + 2,967 d) 4,26,407 + 9,458 + 5,96,400
3. Fill in the missing digits.

a) 8 6 4 b) 9 0 6

d
+ 5 6 + 1 2 3

Lt
1 7 7 7 9 4 1 0 0 9 5

t.
Pv
s
c) 3 1 8 0 d) 4 2 7

e
ic
+ 7 5 3 1 + 0 2 2

rv
Se
9 6 4 7 3 2 8 5 6 0 8 6
n
io
at

SUBTRACTION OF LARGE NUMBERS

uc

The method of subtraction remains the same whether the numbers to be

Ed

subtracted are small or large. Let us recall the steps involved in subtraction.
Step 1: Write the numbers in the place value chart one below the other. The
a

greater number will come above the smaller number.

di

Step 2: Subtraction is done column-wise, from right to left. So, always start
In

subtracting from the lowest (ones) place and move to the higher places.

Operations with Large Numbers

n

Step 3: Regroup (borrow) if the digit of minuend of a place is smaller than

so

the digit of subtrahend.

ar

Example 3: Subtract 94,13,205 from 1,78,40,926.

Pe

Solution:
C TL L TTh Th H T O
©

0 17 3 10 Borrow
1 7 8 4 0 9 2 6 Minuend
– 9 4 1 3 2 0 5 Subtrahend
8 4 2 7 7 2 1 Difference
Answer: Difference = 84,27,721 27

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 27 24-07-2019 19:55:43

 Checking Subtraction by Addition
After carrying out the subtraction operation, we should always check for
the correctness of the answer. To do that, add the difference obtained to
the subtrahend (the smaller number). If we get the minuend (the greater
number), then the answer is correct, otherwise the answer is incorrect and
we need to do the subtraction again.

Example 4: Subtract 14,16,300 from 6,23,42,750 and check your answer.

d
Lt
Solution:
C TL L TTh Th H T O

t.
Grasp It

Pv
1 13 3 12
In a subtraction, the
6 2 3 4 2 7 5 0

s
number which is to be

e
– 1 4 1 6 3 0 0 subtracted is called the

ic
6 0 9 2 6 4 5 0 subtrahend and the

rv
number from which

Se
another number is to
Checking:
C TL L TTh Th H T O be subtracted is called
n
the minuend. The result
io
1 1
obtained is called the
at

6 0 9 2 6 4 5 0 difference.
uc

+ 1 4 1 6 3 0 0
Ed

6 2 3 4 2 7 5 0

Thus, the answer is correct.

a
di

Example 5: The difference between two numbers is 10,43,152. If the greater

In

number is 35,84,769, find the other number.

Operations with Large Numbers

Solution: Greater Number = 35,84,769 3 5, 8 4, 7 6 9

so

Difference between the numbers = 10,43,152 – 1 0, 4 3, 1 5 2

ar

Other number = 35,84,769 – 10,43,152 = 25,41,617

2 5, 4 1, 6 1 7
Pe

Answer: The other number is 25,41,617.

©

Properties of Subtraction
Property 1: We cannot change the order of numbers in subtraction.
For example: 1,765 – 1,212 ≠ 1,212 – 1,765

28

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 28 24-07-2019 19:55:44

 Property 2: When 0 is subtracted from a number, the difference is the
number itself.
For example: 32,50,628 – 0 = 32,50,628
Property 3: When a number is subtracted from itself, the difference is 0.
For example: 54,21,840 – 54,21,840 = 0

Exercise 2.2

d
1. Subtract the following numbers and mark the periods in the answer.

Lt
a) b)
TL L TTh Th H T O TL L TTh Th H T O

t.
Pv
4 6 3 9 5 4 1 1 4 4 2 7 2 1

s
– 1 5 2 1 4 5 8 – 6 3 8 1 2 0

e
ic
rv
c) d)

Se
TL L TTh Th H T O TL L TTh Th H T O
9 6 9 5 5 0 3 2 0 8 3 7 5 1
n
io
– 5 4 6 5 9 3 2 – 1 7 8 8 9 2 8
at
uc

2. Subtract and check your answer.

Ed

a) 96,78,913 – 10,00,000 b) 8,70,32,854 − 3,81,51,117

a

c) 46,80,023 – 29,70,114 d) 81,10,549 – 80,55,672

di

e) 75,00,641 – 74,25,732 f) 63,10,400 – 54,19,931

In

3. Arrange the following numbers in columns and find the difference.

Operations with Large Numbers

n

a) 62,53,102 from 90,00,000 b) 98,21,546 from 5,70,89,489

so

c) 72,46,81,974 from 80,02,41,623 d) 3,89,56,748 from 41,02,35,462

ar

4. Fill in the missing digits.

Pe

a) b)
1 8 2 4 6 5 7 9 0 8 6 0
©

– 3 – 8 7 5 4 9 2
9 1 2 4 4 3 1 2

29

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 29 24-07-2019 19:55:45

 c) d)
6 7 0 4 5 3 7 3 8 6 7 4

– 2 9 7 2 4 – 5 1 3 0 6

1 9 2 4 1 7

5. By how much is 74,39,770 greater than 59,25,017?

d
6. What should be added to 4,95,321 to get 43,09,223?

Lt
7. Which is greater, the sum of 3,20,63,145 and 1,54,22,021 or the difference

t.
between 7,32,35,831 and 4,32,28,762? Also, calculate the difference between the

Pv
given sum and difference.
8. By how much is the difference between 8,14,52,988 and 3,21,53,209 less than

e s
6 crore?

ic
rv
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION IN REAL LIFE
Se
We need to add whenever we encounter words such as ‘total’, ‘in all’,
n
‘altogether’, ‘more’, ‘together’, ‘sum’, ‘combined’ and ‘overall’.
io
at

We need to subtract whenever we encounter words such as subtract,

uc

difference, left, remaining, balance and so on.

Ed

Example 6: A computer manufacturing company earned 10,17,609 by

selling computers in the first 6 months of the year 2019. Out of these, it
a

earned 4,33,000 in January and February and 3,20,656 in March and April.
di

How much did it earn in May and June?

In

Solution:
Operations with Large Numbers

Earning in January and February = 4,33,000

so

Earning in March and April = + 3,20,656

ar
Pe

Earning from January to April = 7,53,656

Total earning in the 6 months = 10,17,609
©

Earning from January to April = – 7,53,656

Earning in May and June = 2,63,953
The company earned 2,63,953 in May and June.

30

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 30 24-07-2019 19:55:46

 Exercise 2.3
1. There are 9,24,09,540 women, 7,65,85,372 men and 3,78,49,075 children in a city.
What is the total population of the city? How many more women are there than
men?

2. Sumita earns 58,723 more than her brother Saurabh per year. If Sumita earns
5,45,920 per year, find Saurabh’s salary per year.

3. Samika has spent 2,59,200 seconds on her project. If she was given 3,60,000

d
Lt
seconds to prepare it, how much more time does she have?

t.
4. A dam discharged 1,42,39,053 gallons of water to an irrigation canal in May. It

Pv
discharged 80,46,190 gallons in June. How much water is discharged to the canal
in these 2 months?

e s
ic
5. A reputed airline requires a pilot to have 4,00,000 hours of flying experience

rv
before promotion. If Vinayak has completed 3,46,928 hours, how many more

Se
hours experience does he need to qualify for the promotion?

6. Candidates A, B and C had contested for an election. The total number of votes
n
io
was 75,95,394. Find the votes polled for candidate C if A and B got 23,95,710 and
at

3,21,001 votes, respectively. Who won the election?

uc

7. Universal Public School has two libraries. The number of books in the junior
Ed

library is 48,473 and the number of books in the senior library is 73,602. What is
the total number of books in both the libraries? How many more books does the
a

senior library have than the junior library?

di
In

Operations with Large Numbers

n

MULTIPLICATION OF LARGE NUMBERS

so

Multiplication refers to repeated 2315 × 69 = 159735

ar

addition. It is a quicker way of

Pe

finding the sum when a number

Multiplicand Multiplier Product
©

is added to itself multiple times.

Let us recall the steps involved in multiplication.
Step 1: Write the numbers in the place value chart one below the other. The
multiplicand is placed above the multiplier.

31

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 31 24-07-2019 19:55:47

 Step 2: Multiplication is done column-wise, from right to left.
Step 3: If the multiplier has more than one digit, then multiply the
multiplicand by each digit separately. Start with the multiplier digit at the
smallest place. When multiplication by one digit is complete, then move to
the next digit.
Step 4: If there is a carry-over, add it to the product of the next column.

d
Multiplication by a 1-Digit Multiplier

Lt
Example 7: Multiply 2,50,761 by 3.

t.
Pv
Solution: Grasp It
L TTh Th H T O

s
Multiplicand and

e
1 2 1

ic
multiplier are
2 5 0 7 6 1 Multiplicand

rv
also known as
× 3 Multiplier the factors of the

Se
7 5 2 2 8 3 n Product product.

Answer: Product = 7,52,283

io
at

Multiplication by a 2-Digit Multiplier

uc

Example 8: Multiply 1,34,259 by 23.

Ed

Solution:
a
di

1 3 4 2 5 9
In
Operations with Large Numbers

× 2 3 Step 1: 23 = 2 tens + 3 ones = 20 + 3

n
so

4 0 2 7 7 7 Step 2: 134259 × 3 = 402777

ar

+ 2 6 8 5 1 8 0 Step 3: 134259 × 20 = 2685180

Pe

3 0 8 7 9 5 7 Step 4: 402777 + 2685180 = 3087957

©

Answer: Product = 30,87,957

Multiplication by a 3-Digit Multiplier

Example 9: Multiply 31,268 by 204 and 214.

32

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 32 24-07-2019 19:55:47

 Solution:
204 = 2 hundreds + 0 tens + 4 ones 214 = 2 hundreds + 1 tens + 4 ones
31268 31268
×204 204 = 200 + 0 + 4 ×214 214 = 200 + 10 + 4
125072 31268 × 4 125072 31268 × 4
000000 31268 × 0 312680 31268 × 10

d
Lt
+6253600 31268 × 200 +6253600 31268 × 200

t.
Addition of Addition of

Pv
6378672 6691352
products products

s
Answer: Product = 63,78,672 Product = 66,91,352

e
ic
Multiplication by a 4-Digit Multiplier

rv
Example 10: Multiply 5,283 by 3,612.

Se
Apply It
Solution: 5 2 8 3
n
Do you believe in magic number?
io
× 3 6 12 Number 9 is believed to be a
at

magic number. Actually, when

1 0 5 66 5283 × 2
we multiply a number with 9, the
uc

5 2 8 30 5283 × 10 sum of the digits of the result so

Ed

obtained is always divisible by 9.

3 1 6 9 8 00 5283 × 600
For example, 16 × 9 =144; sum
a

+ 1 5 8 4 9 0 00 5283 × 3000 of digits = 1 + 4 + 4 = 9, which is

di

divisible by 9.
In

1 9 0 8 2 1 96

Operations with Large Numbers

n
so

Answer: Product = 1,90,82,196

ar

Multiplication by 10 and its Multiples

Pe

Let us consider the following three cases.

©

1. When the multiplier is 10, 100, 1000 and so on, put as many zeroes to the
product as there are in the multiplier.
For example: 1,753 × 10 = 17,530 572 × 100 = 57,200
2. When the multiplier is a multiple of 10, 100, 1000 and so on, multiply with
the non-zero part first and then put the zeroes.
For example: 637 × 30 5,308 × 4,000 33

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 33 24-07-2019 19:55:48

 Step 1: Carry out the multiplication with the non-zero part of the multiplier.
637 × 3 = 1,911 5,308 × 4 = 21,232
Step 2: Count the zero(s) of the multiplier. Put the same number of zeroes
to the extreme right of the product.
637 × 30 = 19,110 5,308 × 4,000 = 2,12,32,000
3. When both the multiplicand and the multiplier have zeroes, follow the
steps given in the following example.

d
Lt
Example 11: Multiply 1,520 by 6,000.

t.
Solution:

Pv
Step 1: Multiply the non-zero parts of
Get It

s
the multiplicand and the multiplier.

e
5

ic
152 × 6 = 912 3 2

rv
5161200000
Step 2: Count the zero(s) of the 50600 × 1020

Se
multiplicand and the multiplier. Put the 51612000
2 1
same number of zeroes to the extreme 3
n
right of the product.
io

1,520 × 6,000 = 91,20,000

at
uc

1 + 3 = 4
Ed

Multiplication by 5, 25, 50
To multiply a number with 5, first multiply it by 10 and then divide it by 2.
a
di

To multiply a number with 25, first multiply it by 100 and then divide it by 4.
In

To multiply a number with 50, first multiply it by 100 and then divide it by 2.
Operations with Large Numbers

For examples: 6,352 × 5 = (6,352 × 10) ÷ 2 = 63,520 ÷ 2 = 31,760

so

9,536 × 25 = (9,536 × 100) ÷ 4 = 9,53,600 ÷ 4 = 2,38,400

ar

9,999 × 50 = (9,999 × 100) ÷ 2 = 9,99,900 ÷ 2 = 4,99,950

Pe

Lattice Multiplication
©

Lattice multiplication is a method of multiplying two large numbers using a

grid. This method breaks the multiplication process into smaller steps, which
makes multiplication of large numbers easier.
Let us perform the multiplication of two numbers using lattice multiplication.

34

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 34 24-07-2019 19:55:49

 Example 12: Multiply 2,314 × 157.
Solution:
2,314 157
1. Count the number of digits in multiplicand
and multiplier. 4 digits 3 digits
2. Draw a grid with 4 columns and 3 rows, depicting the multiplicand and
multiplier, respectively (as shown).

d
Draw a diagonal through each box from upper 2 3 1 4

Lt
right corner to lower left corner. (Continue the 0 0 0 0
1
2 3 1 4
lines a short way past the grid.)

t.
1

Pv
1 0 2
5
3. Multiply each digit of the multiplicand with one 0 5 5 0
digit of the multiplier at a time. 1 2 0 2

s
7

e
4 1 7 8
4. Write the product in each

ic
square such that the tens

rv
2 3 1 4
are in the upper half of the

Se
0 0 0 0
square and the ones are in the 2 3 1 4
1
lower half. If the product does
n
1 1 0 2
not have a tens digit, record a 5
io
0 0 5 5 0
zero in the upper half.
3
at

= 1 2 0 2 7
+
0

1 7 8
uc

5. Now, add the numbers in 4

+
2

5
+

8
=

the grid along the diagonals,

1

12
12

9
Ed

=
+

=
=

+
1

starting from the lower right

1
4

0
+

+
+

+
0

0
2

corner.
+

2
+
+
a

+
5
5

7
+
+
di

2
0

6. Add any carry over to the sum

+
1+

4
In

of the next diagonal.

0

Operations with Large Numbers

0 3 6 3 2 9 8
n

7. To find the answer, read the

so

digits starting down the left of the grid and continuing across the bottom.
ar

Here, the product of 2314 × 157 is 3,63,298.

Pe

Answer: Product = 3,63,298

©

Properties of Multiplication
Property 1: When two numbers are multiplied together, the product is the
same regardless of the order of the multiplicand and the multiplier.
42,745 × 294 = 294 × 42,745 = 1,25,67,030

35

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 35 24-07-2019 19:55:49

 Property 2: When three or more numbers are multiplied, the product is the
same regardless of the grouping of the numbers.
7,256 × 4 × 5 = (7,256 × 4) × 5 = (7,256 × 5) × 4 = 7,256 × (4 × 5) = 1,45,120
Property 3: Any number multiplied by 1 gives that number itself.
2,315 × 1 = 2,315
Property 4: Any number multiplied by 0 gives zero as the product.

d
3,462 × 0 = 0 × 3,462 = 0

Lt
t.
Exercise 2.4

Pv
1. Find the product.

e s
a) 966 × 38 b) 1,518 × 19 c) 294 × 16 d) 482 × 27

ic
e) 4,258 × 369 f) 8,731 × 402 g) 8,726 × 109 h) 3,827 × 2,135

rv
i) 5,009 × 1,837 j) 6,492 × 222 k) 3,870 × 135 l) 509 × 258
2. Multiply the following numbers.
Se
n
a) 23 × 100 b) 348 × 1,000 c) 1,987 × 10 d) 7,000 × 300
io
e) 652 × 20 f) 200 × 87 g) 10,000 × 934 h) 704 × 500
at

3. Using the Lattice method, find the product of the following numbers.
uc

a) 1,215 × 125 b) 576 × 32 c) 425 × 367 d) 999 × 888

Ed
a
di

Multiplication in Real Life

In

Example 13: If a store sells 1,258 cartons of mineral water in a day, how
Operations with Large Numbers

many cartons of mineral water will be sold in the month of June (assume
so

that equal number of cartons are sold in a day)?

ar

Solution: Number of cartons of mineral water sold in 1 day = 1,258

Pe

Number of cartons of mineral water sold in 30 days 1258 × 3 = 3774

©

1258 × 30 = 37740
= 1,258 × 30 = 37,740
Answer: 37,740 cartons will be sold in the month of June.

36

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 36 24-07-2019 19:55:50

 Example 14: The cost of a wooden table is 2,375. A government office
purchased 236 such tables. How much money was spent in all?
Solution: 2 3 7 5
× 2 3 6
Cost of 1 table = 2,375
1 4 2 5 0
Cost of 236 tables = 2,375 × 236 = 5,60,500 7 1 2 5 0
+47 5 0 0 0
Answer: The office spent 5,60,500 in buying 236 tables.

d
56 0 5 0 0

Lt
t.
Exercise 2.5

Pv
1. Mary deposits 2,500 every month in her account. How much money would she

s
have deposited in 15 months?

e
ic
2. New Creation School is preparing for its annual day function. They have planned

rv
to decorate the school building with 15,340 strings of lights and each string of

Se
light has 112 bulbs. How many bulbs will be there for decoration?

3. At the college cafeteria, a big thali costs 225 and a small thali costs 125. The
n
college students purchased 110 big and 154 small thalis on a day. How much
io

money did the college cafeteria collect for large and small thalis—separately and
at

in total?
uc

4. The cost of a laptop is 39,565. Find the total spending on laptops which are given
Ed

to 212 employees of a company.

a

5. 2,550 oranges were packed in one carton. How many oranges were packed in 275
di

such cartons?
In

Operations with Large Numbers

n
so

DIVISION OF LARGE NUMBERS

ar

Division is the repeated subtraction of a number. It is a quicker way of

Pe

finding the difference when a number is subtracted to itself multiple times.

• The number which is being divided is
©

5 Quotient
called the dividend.
Divisor 7 3 5 Dividend
• The number by which we divide is –3 5
called the divisor. 0 Remainder

37

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 37 24-07-2019 19:55:50

 • The answer to division is called the quotient.
• The number which is left over after division is called the remainder.
• The result can be verified by using the following formula.
Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = Dividend

Division by a 2-Digit Divisor

d
Example 15: Find the quotient and remainder when 26,775 is divided by 25.

Lt
Also, check your answer.

t.
Solution: The division is carried out from left to right.

Pv
Step 1:

s
• 2 < 25 (the divisor). So, write 0 at the ten thousands place in the quotient

e
ic
and club 2 with the next digit 6.

rv
• 26 > 25 25 × 1 = 25 25 × 2 = 50

Se
(25 goes into 26 one time.) 0 1
25 2 6 775
n
• Write 1 at the thousands place in the quotient. –2 5
io

• Subtract 25 from 26. 0 1

at
uc

Step 2:
• Bring down the next digit 7. 0 1 07
Ed

25 2 6 775
• 17 < 25. So, write 0 at the hundreds place in the
–2 5
a

quotient and bring down another digit 7.

0 1 77
di

• 177 > 25 25 × 7 = 175 25 × 8 = 200 – 1 75

In

(25 goes into 177 seven times.) 0 02

Operations with Large Numbers

• Write 7 at the tens place in the quotient.

so

0 1 071
Step 3: 25 2 6 775
ar

• Bring down the next digit 5. –2 5

Pe

• 25 goes into 25 one time. 0 7 1 7

– 5 1 7
• Write 1 at the ones place in the quotient.
©

250 0
25 –
Answer: Quotient = 1071, Remainder = 0 00
Check: Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = 25 × 1071 + 0 = 26775 = Dividend

38

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 38 24-07-2019 19:55:51

 Division by a 3-Digit Divisor
Example 16: Divide 53,978 by 122. Example 17: Divide 3,84,927 by 268.
Solution: 4 4 2 Solution: 1 4 36
122 5 3 9 7 8 268 3 8 4 9 2 7
–4 8 8 –2 6 8
0 5 1 7 1 1 6 9
– 4 8 8 1 0 7 2
0 2 9 8 9 7 2

d
– 2 4 4 – 8 0 4

Lt
5 4 1 6 87
– 1 6 08

t.
Pv
79
Answer: Quotient = 442, Answer: Quotient = 1436,

s
Remainder = 54 Remainder = 79

e
ic
Division by 10 and its Multiple

rv
Se
Count the number of zeroes in the divisor. The
Grasp It
same number of digits on the extreme right of
We cannot divide any
n
the dividend will form the remainder. The rest
io
of the digits form the quotient of the division. number by 0. So, we write
at

4298 ÷ 0 = undefined.
For examples:
uc

• 335 ÷ 10: Quotient = 33 and Remainder = 5

Ed

• 4,268 ÷ 100: Quotient = 42 and Remainder = 68

• 78,965 ÷ 1,000: Quotient = 78 and Remainder = 965
a
di

• 8,32,456 ÷ 10,000: Quotient = 83 and Remainder = 2,456

In

Operations with Large Numbers

Properties of Division
n
so

Property 1: Any number divided by 1 will give the same number as the
ar

quotient.
Pe

For example, 35,674 ÷ 1 = 35,674

Property 2: Any number divided by itself will give 1 as the quotient.
©

For example, 35,674 ÷ 35,674 = 1

Property 3: When we divide 0 by any number except 0, the quotient is
always 0.

39

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 39 24-07-2019 19:55:51

 Exercise 2.6
1. Complete the given table, where Q = Quotient and R = Remainder.

Divided by Divided by Divided by Divided by

Number
10 100 1,000 10,000
Q R Q R Q R Q R
a) 30,788
b) 1,42,825

d
c) 6,31,083

Lt
2. Divide the following and find the quotient and the remainder.

t.
a) 8,976 ÷ 11 b) 6,589 ÷ 12 c) 5,268 ÷ 17

Pv
d) 9,575 ÷ 15 e) 6,382 ÷ 25 f) 24,720 ÷ 60

s
g) 31,865 ÷ 45 h) 25,615 ÷ 105 i) 47,492 ÷ 124

e
ic
j) 46,670 ÷ 200 k) 2,90,265 ÷ 215 l) 6,96,856 ÷ 246

rv
m) 15,57,654 ÷ 137 n) 62,240 ÷ 250 o) 89,23,787 ÷ 570

Se
3. Divide the following and check your answers.
a) 56,437 ÷ 12 b) 4,578 ÷ 32 c) 9,08,765 ÷ 97
n
io
d) 23,546 ÷ 10 e) 2,00,045 ÷ 100 f) 1,12,456 ÷ 1,000
at

g) 7,77,756 ÷ 225 h) 9,09,099 ÷ 398 i) 89,52,168 ÷ 413

uc
Ed

Division in Real Life

a

Example 18: Lata earned 1,15,230 from a summer job which she took up
di

for 6 months. What was her monthly salary? If she had continued working
In

there, what would have been her annual income?

Operations with Large Numbers

Solution: Amount earned by Lata in 6 months = 1,15,230

so

Her monthly salary = Amount she earned in 1 month = 1,15,230 ÷ 6

ar
Pe

= 19,205
Thus, Lata’s monthly salary was 19,205.
©

Amount she would have earned in 12 months = 19,205 × 12 = 2,30,460

Thus, Lata’s annual income would have been 2,30,460.

40

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 40 24-07-2019 19:55:52

 Exercise 2.7
1. There were 62,910 participants from 45 countries in a youth sports meet. How
many youths participated from each country (assume that there were equal
number of participants from each country)?

2. Government distributed 66,56,800 equally among 53 families affected by floods.

How much money did each family get?

3. Neha won 24,78,900 in a lottery. If she has to distribute this amount equally

d
among 10 of her relatives, how much money would each relative get?

Lt
4. There are 99,89,001 number of apples packed in 999 cartons. How many apples

t.
Pv
are packed in each carton?

e s
ESTIMATION IN OPERATIONS

ic
rv
In our daily life, we come across several situations involving the use of

Se
numbers. Sometimes, for our convenience, we do not use exact or actual
numbers. We use numbers that are easy to work with and close enough to
n
the exact numbers. For examples:
io
• There are 19,984 people watching a cricket match in a stadium. We may
at

say that the number of people in the stadium is ‘approximately 20,000’.

uc

• The cost of a set of storybooks is 999. We may say that the cost of the set
Ed

of storybooks is ‘about 1,000’.

We have learnt rounding off numbers in the previous chapter. This will help
a
di

us to estimate numbers in real-life situations.

In

Estimating Sum

Operations with Large Numbers

n

Example 19: Aditya scored 1,489 points in a video game and Rahul scored
so

2,822 points. About how many points did they score together?
ar

Solution: Actual Estimated

Pe

Number of points scored by Aditya = 1489 1000 (nearest 1000)

©

Number of points scored by Rahul = 2822 3000 (nearest 1000)

Estimated number of points scored together = 1000 + 3000 = 4000
Answer: Aditya and Rahul scored about 4,000 points.

41

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 41 24-07-2019 19:55:52

 Estimating Difference
Example 20: There are 15,932 leaves on a tree. 1,293 leaves fall during a
thunderstorm. About how many leaves are left on the tree?
Solution: Actual Estimated
Number of leaves on the tree = 15932 16000 (nearest 1000)
Number of leaves fallen = 1293 1000 (nearest 1000)

d
Estimated number of leaves left = 16000 – 1000 = 15000

Lt
Answer: There are about 15,000 leaves left on the tree.

t.
Pv
Estimating Product

s
Example 21: In a library, 489 books are kept on one shelf. There are 722

e
shelves in the library. About how many books are there in the library

ic
(assume that equal number of books are kept on each shelf)?

rv
Actual Estimated

Se
Solution:
Number of books on 1 shelf = 489 500 (nearest 100)
n
io
Number of shelves = 722 700 (nearest 100)
at

Number of books on 722 shelves = 489 × 722 = 500 × 700 (nearest 100)
uc

= 350000
Ed

Answer: There are about 3,50,000 books in the library.

a

Estimating Quotient
di

Example 22: Shobana saves a fixed sum of money every month. If she saves
In

49,880 in a year, about how much does she save in a month?

Operations with Large Numbers

Actual Estimated
so

Solution:
Money saved in a year = 49880 50000 (nearest 1000)
ar

Period of saving = 12 10 (nearest 10)

Pe

Money saved in a month = 49880 ÷ 12 50000 ÷ 10 (nearest 10)

©

= 5000
Answer: Shobana saves about 5,000 in a month.

42

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 42 24-07-2019 19:55:52

 Exercise 2.8
1. Nidhi is reading a book that contains 9,465 pages. She has read 3,255 pages.
About how many pages are unread?

2. Amar collected 2,157 stamps and Karan collected 9,293 stamps. About how many
stamps do they collect together?

3. In a city, daily 27,120 newspapers are distributed equally amongst 320

d
newsagents. About how many newspapers does each newsagent get to distribute

Lt
in various parts of the city?

t.
Pv
4. A confectionery shop makes 18,426 pastries every month. About how many
pastries will be made by the same in a year?

e s
ic
Wrap Up

rv
Se
• The method of addition and subtraction remains the same whether the
n
numbers to be added or subtracted are small or large.
io
• Numbers can be added and multiplied in any order, but they cannot be
at

subtracted and divided in any order.

uc

• The product of any number and 0 is 0.

Ed

• The product of any number and 1 is that number itself.

• In division: Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
a

• Any number divided by 1 will give the same number as the quotient.
di

• Any number divided by itself will give 1 as the quotient.

In

Operations with Large Numbers

• If we divide 0 by any non-zero number, the quotient is always 0.
n

• A number cannot be divided by 0.

so
ar
Pe

Workout
©

1. Solve the following:

a) 6,37,521 + 4,98,053 + 2,48,963 b) 57,69,848 – 20,95,732
c) 65,839 × 276 d) 2,76,453 ÷ 265

43

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 43 24-07-2019 19:55:55

 2. Manisha has a target to read 45 pages of a book daily. If the book has 765 pages,
estimate in how many days she will be able to complete the book. What is the
actual time required to complete the book?

3. The membership fees of a particular club is 5,225 per year. If 6,754 people are
members of that club, what will be the total fee collected by the club in a year?

4. The sum of 24,93,700 and 35,82,419 is subtracted from 8,50,12,796. What is the

d
result?

Lt
5. The average lifespan of a male housefly is 28 days. Convert the time period of

t.
Pv
housefly’s lifespan into number of minutes and seconds.

e s
Mental Maths

ic
rv
Understand
Numbers can be added and multiplied in any order.
Se
n
175 + 234 + 25 = 234 + 175 + 25
io
at

175 + 234 + 25 = 234 + 175 + 25 8 × 167 × 125 = 167 × 8 × 125

uc

(regrouping) (regrouping)
= 234 + 200 = 167 × 1000
Ed

= 434 = 167000
a

Perform
di

1. Add/multiply the following:

In
Operations with Large Numbers

a) 350 + 18624 + 250 b) 1250 + 3678 + 3750 c) 2700 + 5468 + 1300

n

d) 50 × 369 × 2 e) 40 × 972 × 25 f) 1250 × 869 × 8

so
ar
Pe

Maths in Action
©

We can easily remember the numbers which are in the multiples of 100. That is
why most of the large values such as population or government expenditure are
expressed in approximate values.

44

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 44 24-07-2019 19:55:58

 Maths Lab Activity
Aim: To show that numbers can be added in any order
Materials required: White checkered paper and coloured checkered paper
Method:
1. The teacher will cut out strips from the coloured checkered paper in such a

d
Lt
way that there are two strips of each colour but different lengths. Suppose the
teacher has two strips of red colour—one having 4 checks and other having 7

t.
checks. Similarly, she/he has two strips of blue colour.

Pv
2. She/he will ask the students to paste a strip of 4 checks and then a strip of 7
checks on the white checkered paper (as shown).

s
e
3. She/he will ask the students to paste the strips by

ic
interchanging the order.

rv
(The students will first paste a strip of 7 checks

Se
and then 4 checks.)
4. She/he will ask the students to count the total
n
number of checks in both the cases.
io
White checkered paper
Observation: 4 + 7 = 7 + 4 = 11
at

Similarly, the activity can be repeated for different numbers.

uc

For example, 2 + 3 + 1= 3 + 2 + 1 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6
Ed
a

Enrich Your Intelligence Quotient

di
In

Operations with Large Numbers

n

HOTS
so

1. How many heaps of bricks each having 50 bricks could be made out of half a
ar

million of bricks?
Pe

2. Double of a number is 9,76,53,000. What is its half?

3. Hubble Space Telescope circles the Earth at a speed of 8 km/s. Calculate the
©

total distance covered by it in a span of 1 year.

45

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 45 24-07-2019 19:56:00

 Enrich Your Emotional Quotient

Life Skills and Values

Maninder Singh won an amount of 12,34,550 in a well-known quiz show. On
being asked what he will do with this huge amount, he said, “I will divide the
amount into ten equal parts. I will donate one part to a cancer hospital, three

d
parts to the orphanage where I grew up, four parts to a school for children

Lt
with disability and two parts I will keep for my personal use.” Calculate the

t.
amount that each one will get.

Pv
You should also have a habit of donating. By donating a small amount from
your money, you can help the needy.

e s
Mathematician

ic
rv
Paul Erdős was an extraordinary and gifted mathematician of his time. This
Hungarian mathematician had cracked numerous problems which were

Se
previously considered unsolvable. At the age of 20, he has discovered the
proof of a very popular theorem: ‘Between any number and its double, there
n
io
must lie a prime number.’
at
uc
Ed

Enrich Your Happiness Quotient

a
di
In
Operations with Large Numbers

Number Magic
so

1. Choose any 3-digit number where the digits are in

For example, 841
ar

decreasing order from left to right.

Pe

2. Reverse the digits to form a new number and

841 – 148 = 693
subtract it from the chosen 3-digit number.
©

3. Reverse the digits and add it to the difference that

you have got. 693 + 396 = 1,089

Try this with any other 3-digit number of your choice in

decreasing order from left to right. Write down what you get. Repeat it for other
3-digit numbers. What do you observe?

46

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 46 24-07-2019 19:56:02

 Factors and Multiples

d
Lt
To Do

t.
Pv
Apply the concept of factors and Calculate LCM by common

s
multiples multiples, prime factorisation and

e
Describe and apply the concept of common division methods

ic
divisibility tests Formulate the relationship between

rv
Evaluate HCF by common factors, LCM and HCF

Se
prime factorisation and long division n
methods
io
at
uc

Tune Up
Ed

A team of 6 members are selected to present a dance performance on Teachers’

a

Day. Their teacher has asked the team to try out different ways to stand while
di

practicing dance steps.

In

The team tried the following arrangements one by one.

n
so

These arrangements
ar

give us the following

Factors and Multiples

multiplication facts: 1 row of 6 = 1 × 6

Pe

1×6 =6
©

2×3 =6 3 rows of 2 = 3 × 2

3×2 =6
2 rows of 3 = 2 × 3 6 rows of 1 = 6 × 1
6×1 =6

47

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 47 24-07-2019 19:56:09

 We know that the result of a multiplication is called product. The numbers
that are being multiplied are called the factors of the product. We have
learned about factors and multiples in our previous grade. Let us study more
about them.

FACTORS
We know that for every multiplication fact, there are two division facts.
For example: 2 × 3 = 6 is a multiplication fact.

d
Lt
Here, 2 and 3 are the factors of the 6.
The division facts for 2 × 3 = 6 are 6 ÷ 2 = 3 and 6 ÷ 3 = 2.

t.
Pv
Here, 2 and 3 divide 6 without leaving any remainder. Thus, the factors of a
number exactly divide the number. So, a factor can be defined as a divisor

s
that exactly divides the given number.

e
We conclude that factors of a number can be obtained by two methods—(i)

ic
rv
by multiplication and (ii) by division.

Se
Example 1: Find the factors of 18.
Solution:
n
io
(i) By multiplication (ii) By division
at

1 × 18 = 18 1 and 18 are factors 18 ÷ 1 = 18 1 and 18 are factors

uc

2 × 9 = 18 2 and 9 are factors 18 ÷ 2 = 9 2 and 9 are factors

Ed

3 × 6 = 18 3 and 6 are factors 18 ÷ 3 = 6 3 and 6 are factors

Thus, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18 are all factors of 18.
a
di

Properties of Factors
In

1. 1 is a factor of every number. It is the smallest factor of a number. It is

n

also called the universal factor.

so

2. Every non-zero number is a factor of itself. It is also the greatest factor.

ar

3. Every factor of a non-zero number is less than or equal to the number.

Factors and Multiples

Pe

4. Every number other than 1 has at least two factors—1 and the number
itself.
©

TESTS OF DIVISIBILITY
The tests of divisibility tell you whether a number is divisible by another
number or not, without actually doing division of that number.

48

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 48 24-07-2019 19:56:10

 Divisibility by 2, 5 and 10
Divisible by Divisibility rule Examples
2 If the ones digit is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 2304, 5678 and 9530
5 If the ones digit is 0 or 5 1520, 2845 and 3760
10 If the ones digit is 0 7890, 6120 and 92340

d
Divisibility by 3 and 9

Lt
Divisible by Divisibility rule Examples

t.
Pv
3 If the sum of the digits 5136 5 + 1 + 3 + 6 = 15
is divisible by 3 15 is divisible by 3.
... 5136 is divisible by 3.

s
e
Similarly, 45615 and 8145 is divisible by 3.

ic
9 If the sum of the digits 8145 8 + 1 + 4 + 5 = 18

rv
is divisible by 9 18 is divisible by 9.

Se
... 8145 is divisible by 9.
Similarly, 58239 and 8190 is divisible by 9.
n
io
at

Divisibility by 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18 and 25

uc

Divisible by Divisibility rule Examples

Ed

4 If the number formed by last two digit 8912 is divisible by 4 as 12 is

is divisible by 4 divisible by 4.
a

6 If the number is divisible by 2 and 3 8912 is divisible by 6 as it is

di

divisible by 2 and 3.
In

8 If the number formed by last three digit 799728 is divisible by 8 as 728

n

is divisible by 8 is divisible by 8.
so

12 If the number is divisible by 3 and 4 1236 is divisible by 12 as it is

ar

divisible by 3 and 4.
Factors and Multiples
Pe

15 If the number is divisible by 3 and 5 36930 is divisible by 15 as it is

divisible by 3 and 5.
©

18 If the number is divisible by 2 and 9 5436 is divisible by 18 as it is

divisible by 2 and 9.
25 If the number formed by last two digit 68975 is divisible by 25.
is 25, 50, 75 or 00

49

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 49 24-07-2019 19:56:10

 Divisibility by 7
A number is divisible by 7 if the difference between the twice of the last
digit and the number formed by the remaining digit is 0, 7 or multiple of 7.
Example 2: Check the divisibility of 35 and 5019 by 7.
Solution:
Step 1: Write the original number. 35 5019

d
Step 2: Double the last digit. 5 × 2 = 10 9 × 2 = 18

Lt
Step 3: Write the remaining number after removing the last digit from the

t.
Pv
original number.
Truncated number 3 501

e s
Step 4: Subtract the largest number from the smallest number obtained in

ic
steps 2 and 3.

rv
Subtraction 10 – 3 = 7 501 – 18 = 483

Se
So, 35 is divisible by 7.
n
io
Step 5: Repeat the previous four steps until only 483 48 – 6 = 42
at

one digit remains.

42 4–4= 0
uc

So, 5019 is divisible by 7.

Ed

Divisibility by 11
a

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of the digits at

di

odd places and the sum of the digits at even places is 0, 11 or multiple of 11.
In

Also, keep on doing until only one digit remains.

n

Example 3: Check the divisibility of 26378 by 11.

so

Grasp It
Solution: Number is 26378
ar

Always consider the first

Factors and Multiples

Sum of the digits at odd places = 2 + 3 + 8 = 13 place from the left as an

Pe

odd place.
Sum of the digits at even places = 6 + 7 = 13
©

Difference = 13 – 13 = 0
... 26378 is divisible by 11.

50

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 50 24-07-2019 19:56:10

 Exercise 3.1
1. Find the factors of the following numbers.
a) 15 b) 22 c) 34 d) 45 e) 50
2. Tick the correct cell of the table by checking the divisibility of the given numbers.

Divisible by
Number 2 3 5 9 10 11

d
Lt
a) 455

t.
b) 3939

Pv
c) 2432

s
d) 6372

e
ic
e) 935050

rv
f) 9936
g) 89991
Se
n
h) 1916
io
at

i) 8741
uc

3. Fill in the blanks and justify your answer.

Ed

a) A number which is divisible by 9 is also divisible by __________.

b) A number which is divisible by 10 is also divisible by __________ and
a

__________.
di
In

c) 1924 is divisible by 2 and __________.

4. Check whether the first number is a factor of the second number or not.
n
so

a) 3 and 2917 b) 5 and 7610 c) 9 and 828 d) 2 and 94561

ar

PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBERS

Factors and Multiples
Pe

Prime Number Grasp It

©

2 is the only even

A prime number is a number greater than 1 that can prime number.
only be divided by 1 or itself. So, a prime number has 1 is neither a prime
only two factors—1 and the number itself. number nor a
For example, 2, 3, 5 and 7 are prime numbers. composite number.

51

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 51 24-07-2019 19:56:11

 Composite Number
A composite number is a number that has more than two factors.
For example, 4, 6, 8 and 9 are composite numbers.
Example 5: Identify the prime numbers and composite numbers.
a) 11 b) 18 c) 23
Solution: a) 11 has only two factors: 1 and 11. So, 11 is a prime number.

d
b) 18 has 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18 as factors. So, 18 is a composite number.

Lt
c) 23 has only two factors: 1 and 23. So, 23 is a prime number.

t.
Pv
Prime Numbers between 1 and 100
The Greek mathematician, Eratosthenes, created a method to find out prime

s
numbers between 1 and 100. This method is known as Eratosthenes Sieve.

e
ic
Let us learn the steps involved in this method.

rv
1. Write the numbers from 1 to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Se
100 in a 10 × 10 grid. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2. Highlight number 1 with 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
n
yellow, because all prime
io
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
numbers are greater than 1. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
at

3. Number 2 is a prime number. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

uc

Encircle it and cross all the 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Ed

multiples of 2 (that is all even 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

numbers). 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
a

4. Number 3 is also a prime 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

di

number.
In

Encircle it and cross all its multiples.

n

5. The next number left is 5 (because 4 has been Count and find out how
so

crossed). many prime numbers are

ar

there between 1 and 100.

Encircle it and cross all the multiples of 5.
Factors and Multiples

Pe

6. The last number left in the first row is 7.

Encircle it and cross all its multiples.
©

7. Keep on doing this till you find all the numbers either crossed-out or
encircled.
All the encircled numbers are prime.
All the crossed-out numbers are composite.

52

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 52 24-07-2019 19:56:12

 Twin Primes
Twin primes are two prime numbers that have a difference of 2. Some
examples of twin primes between 1 and 100 are (3, 5), (5, 7) and (11, 13).

Co-prime numbers
Get It
If two numbers have only 1 as the common factor,
they are called co-prime numbers. All prime numbers are
co-prime numbers, but

d
For example: 3 and 11 are co-prime numbers

Lt
all co-prime numbers
4 and 15 are co-prime numbers need not be prime

t.
numbers.

Pv
Prime Factors
Factors of a number that are prime numbers are called prime factors.

e s
For example, factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24. Out of these, 2 and

ic
3 are prime factors.

rv
Se
PRIME FACTORISATION
Prime factorisation is the process of writing a composite number as a
n
product of prime numbers. There are two methods of prime factorisation.
io
at

• Division method • Factor tree method

uc

Division Method
Ed

In division method, we start dividing the number by the smallest prime

number. We keep on dividing by prime numbers till we obtain 1 as the
a

quotient.
di
In

Example 6: Factorise 48 using the division method.

Solution:
n
so

1. Start dividing 48 by 2, the smallest prime number.

2 48
ar

2. 48 ÷ 2 = 24. The quotient is 24, which is divisible by 2.

2 24
Factors and Multiples
Pe

3. 24 ÷ 2 = 12. Now, the quotient is 12, which is also divisible by 2. 2 12

4. 12 ÷ 2 = 6. This time the quotient is 6, again divisible by 2. 2 6
©

5. 6 ÷ 2 = 3. We now get the quotient 3, a prime number itself. It is 3 3

divisible by 3 only. 1
6. 3 ÷ 3 = 1. We finally get the quotient 1.
Answer: Prime factorisation of 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

53

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 53 24-07-2019 19:56:12

 Factor Tree Method
In factor tree method, we 12
factorise the given composite
number till we get all the Prime 2 × Composite
6
prime factors.
Prime factorisation of 12 is
2 × 2 × 3. Prime 2 × 3 Prime

d
Lt
Example 7: Factorise 48 using the factor tree method.
Solution:

t.
Pv
48 Grasp It
The prime

e s
factorisation of
Prime 2 × 24 Composite

ic
a number can

rv
be checked by

Se
Prime 2 × 12 Composite multiplying all the
factors. The product
n
should be equal to
io
Prime 2 × 6 Composite the given number.
at
uc

Prime 2 × 3 Prime
Ed

Answer: Prime factorisation of 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

a
di

Exercise 3.2
In
n

1. Make a table having two columns in your notebook. Give prime and composite
so

numbers as the headings. Now, write the following numbers under the correct
column.
ar
Factors and Multiples

22, 11, 19, 25, 28, 40, 23, 8, 41, 63, 97

Pe

2. Use the division method to write the prime factorisation of the following
©

numbers.
a) 76 b) 18 c) 25 d) 51
e) 32 f) 80 g) 68 h) 36

54

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 54 24-07-2019 19:56:13

 3. Use the factor tree method to write the prime factorisation of the following
numbers.
a) 20 b) 99 c) 45 d) 28
e) 52 f) 30 g) 78 h) 42

4. List down all the sets of twin primes from 1 to 100.

5. Refer to Eratosthenes Sieve and answer the following questions.

d
Lt
a) How many prime numbers are there between 1 and 100?

t.
b) List all the prime numbers ending with 3 and 7.

Pv
6. Fill in the blanks.

s
a. 68 is a __________ number. (prime/composite)

e
ic
b. 71 is a ________ number. (prime/composite)

rv
c. 5 and 18 are ________ numbers. (twin prime/co-prime)

Se
d. 5 and 7 are ________ numbers. (twin prime/co-prime)
n
io
at

HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)

uc

The highest number that exactly divides each number of a set of two or
more numbers is known as the highest common factor (HCF).
Ed

We can find the HCF by using the following methods:

a

• Common factors • Prime factorisation • Long division

di
In

HCF by Common Factors Method

n

Example 8: Find the HCF of 15, 20 and 25 by Grasp it

so

common factor method. • HCF of any two

ar

Solution: Factors of 15: 1, 3, 5 and 15 consecutive numbers is 1.

Factors and Multiples
Pe

Factors of 20: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20 • HCF of two consecutive

Factors of 25: 1, 5 and 25 even numbers is 2.
©

Common factors: 1 and 5 • If one number is the factor

of the other numbers, HCF
Since 5 is the highest among the common
is the smallest of the given
factors, so it is the HCF of 15, 20 and 25.
numbers.
Answer: HCF of 15, 20 and 25 = 5

55

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 55 24-07-2019 19:56:14

 HCF by Prime Factorisation Method
Example 9: Find the HCF of 18, 24 and 60 by prime factorisation method.
Solution:
Prime factorisation of 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 2 18 2 24 2 60
3 9 2 12 2 30
Prime factorisation of 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
3 3 2 6 3 15
Prime factorisation of 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 1 3 3 5 5

d
Lt
Common prime factors = 2 and 3 1 1

t.
HCF = Product of common prime factors = 2 × 3 = 6

Pv
Answer: HCF of 18, 24 and 60 = 6

s
e
HCF by Long Division Method

ic
Example 10: Find the HCF of 275 and 525 by long division method.

rv
Se
Solution: 275) 525 ( 1
Step 1: Write 275 as the divisor and 525 as the – 275
n
dividend and divide. 250) 275 ( 1
io
at

Step 2: The remainder 250 becomes the new divisor. – 250

uc

25) 250 ( 10
The previous divisor 275 is now the new dividend.
Ed

– 250
275 ÷ 250 gives 1 as the quotient and 25 as the remainder.
0
a

Step 3: 25 becomes the new divisor and

di

250 the new dividend. 250 ÷ 25 gives 10 Grasp It

In

as the quotient and 0 as the remainder. The HCF of two or more numbers
So, the last divisor 25 is the HCF. is always smaller than or equal to
n
so

Answer: HCF of 275 and 525 = 25 the smallest of the given numbers.
ar

Real-life Applications of HCF

Factors and Multiples

Pe

Neha is planning to plant rose and marigold plants in an open area outside
©

her house. She brought 20 rose and 35 marigold plants from a nursery. Her
brother suggested him to plant them in rows in a balanced manner so that
there should be equal number of plants in each row. What is the greatest
number of rows in which they can be planted? How many rose and marigold
plants will there be in each row? Let us find out.

56

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 56 24-07-2019 19:56:15

 Since there are 20 rose plants and 35
marigold plants, we cannot include one Apply It
each of the two. Hence, we need to find
Two flower garlands with lengths
the HCF of 20 and 35.
48 cm and 60 cm are to be cut
Factors of 20 = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20 into smaller pieces of the same
length without wasting anything.
Factors of 35 = 1, 5, 7 and 35
Find the greatest possible length
HCF of 20 and 35 = 5 of the pieces.

d
Lt
So, the number of rows will be 5.

t.
Thus, the number of rose plants in each row will be 20 ÷ 5 = 4 and the

Pv
number of marigold plants will be 35 ÷ 5 = 7.

s
Exercise 3.3

e
ic
1. Find the HCF of the following numbers.

rv
Se
a) 13 and 169 b) 16 and 144 c) 18 and 72
d) 20 and 60 e) 25 and 225 f) 15 and 105
n
2. List the common factors and determine the HCF.
io

a) 15 and 35 b) 14 and 24 c) 9 and 21

at
uc

d) 10 and 16 e) 12 and 18 f) 36 and 14

3. Using prime factorisation method, find the HCF.
Ed

a) 25 and 35 b) 18 and 15 c) 16, 32 and 48

a

d) 10, 25 and 30 e) 27, 63 and 54 f) 18, 30 and 27

di

4. Find the HCF using the long division method.

In

a) 16 and 18 b) 24 and 72 c) 14 and 35

n
so

d) 21 and 63 e) 144 and 252 f) 175 and 200

ar

5. Find the largest number that divides 15 and 27 without leaving remainder.
Factors and Multiples
Pe

6. Find the greatest number which leaves no remainder when it divides 44 and 121.
7. Sunita has two ribbons of lengths 25 inches and 35 inches. She wants to cut these
©

ribbons into strips of equal length. What is the longest possible length for the
strips?
8. The capacity of two containers is 15 litres and 25 litres. Find the capacity of the
largest measuring cup that can be used to completely fill both the containers.

57

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 57 24-07-2019 19:56:15

 MULTIPLES
A multiple of a number is the product of that number with a natural
number. In simple words, multiples are the products of two factors.
Let us find out the multiples of 4.
4×1=4 4×2=8 4 × 3 = 12 4 × 4 = 16 and so on
Thus, multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, ...
Grasp It

d
There are infinite multiples of 4.

Lt
A number exactly divides

t.
Properties of Multiples all its multiples.

Pv
1. Every number is a multiple of 1.

s
2. Every number is a multiple of itself.

e
3. Every multiple of a number is either Get It

ic
equal to or greater than the number.

rv
Multiples of a number include the
number itself.

Se
4. The smallest multiple of a number is
the number itself. Multiples of 5 = 10, 15, 20,…
Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20,…
n
5. The multiples of an even number are
io
always even.
at

6. The multiples of an odd number are alternatively odd and even.

uc

7. There is no end to multiples of a number.

Ed

Exercise 3.4
a
di

1. Write the first 5 multiples of the following numbers.

In

a) 9 b) 11 c) 21 d) 25 e) 50
n

2. Is 7209 a multiple of 3? Justify.

so

3. Find the 9th multiple of 16.

ar
Factors and Multiples

Pe

4. Find the first four multiples of 7 and check whether they are odd or even.

5. Select any number with 0 at its ones place and write its first ten multiples. State
©

whether the multiples are odd or even.

6. Write the numbers.

a) Multiples of 8 that are less than 32 _________________________

58

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 58 24-07-2019 19:56:16

 b) Multiples of 15 that are less than 200 _________________________
c) Multiples of 19 that lie between 57 and 152 _________________________
d) Multiples of 21 that lie between 105 and 210 _________________________

LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)

d
Lt
When a number is a multiple of two or more numbers, it is called a common
multiple of those numbers. The smallest number among the common

t.
multiples is called the lowest common multiple or LCM.

Pv
We can find LCM by using the following methods:

s
• Common multiples • Prime factorisation • Common division

e
ic
LCM by Common Multiples

rv
Se
Example 11: Find the LCM of 3 and 5 by Grasp It
finding common multiples.
The LCM of prime numbers
n
Solution: Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, or co-prime numbers is their
io

24, 27, 30 and so on product.

at

Prime numbers: LCM of 2, 5

uc

Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and so on

and 7 is 2 × 5 × 7 = 70.
Ed

Common multiples of 3 and 5: 15, 30, 45 and Co-prime numbers: LCM of

so on 4 and 15 is 4 × 15 = 60.
a

Since 15 is the lowest among the common

di

multiples, so it is the LCM of 3 and 5.

In

Answer: LCM of 3 and 5 = 15

n
so

LCM by Prime Factorisation

ar

Example 12: Find the LCM of 18, 24 and 60 by prime factorisation.

Factors and Multiples
Pe

Solution:
©

Prime factorisation of 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 2 18 2 24 2 60
3 9 2 12 2 30
Prime factorisation of 24 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 2
3 3 2 6 3 15
Prime factorisation of 60 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 5 1 3 3 5 5
1 1

59

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 59 24-07-2019 19:56:17

 Common prime factors = 2 and 3
Product of the common prime factors of 18, 24 and 60 = 2 × 3 = HCF
Product of the remaining prime factors = 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
LCM = Product of the common prime factors
(HCF) × product of the remaining prime Grasp It
factors If one number is the factor

d
LCM = (2 × 3) × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 720 of the other numbers, LCM

Lt
is the greatest of the given
Answer: LCM of 18, 24 and 60 = 720 numbers.

t.
Pv
LCM by Common Division Method

s
Example 13: Find the LCM of 6, 12 and 15 by common division method.

e
ic
Solution: 2 6, 12, 15

rv
1. Start dividing with the smallest prime number which 2 3, 6, 15

Se
can divide at least one of the given numbers. Bring 3 3, 3, 15
down the number(s) which are not divisible as it is. 5 1, 1, 5
n
io
2. Continue this process till the last row has quotients 1 1, 1, 1
at

for all the given numbers.

Grasp It
uc

3. Multiply all the prime factors to

obtain the LCM. The LCM of two or more numbers is
Ed

LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60 always greater than or equal to the

greatest of the given numbers.
a

Answer: LCM of 6, 12 and 15 = 60

di
In

Real-life Applications of LCM

n

Example 14: Jaspreet and Jasmine were each given a piece of ribbon of
so

equal length to decorate their kittens. Jaspreet cuts her ribbons into equal
ar

length of 2 m, while Jasmine cuts her ribbons into equal length of 5 m. If

Factors and Multiples

Pe

there was no ribbon left in both cases, find the shortest possible length of
the ribbons given to them.
©

Solution:
We need to find the LCM of 2 and 5.
Multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and so on

60

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 60 24-07-2019 19:56:17

 Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20 and so on
Common multiples = 10, 20 and so on Apply It

LCM of 2 and 5 = 10 Ashish goes to the guitar class after

every four days. Amita goes to the
Thus, the shortest possible length of the guitar class after every five days.
ribbons given to them was 10 m. Both met at the guitar class today.
After how many days will they
meet at the guitar class again?

d
Lt
t.
Exercise 3.5

Pv
1. Find the LCM by common multiples.

e s
a) 12 and 15 b) 15 and 20 c) 9 and 27

ic
d) 6, 12 and 18 e) 13, 26 and 39 f) 11, 22 and 33

rv
2. Find the LCM using prime factorisation.
a) 4, 6 and 9 b) 10 and 24
Se
c) 30, 60 and 15 d) 42 and 56
n
3. Find the LCM by common division method.
io
at

a) 21, 63 and 105 b) 16, 40 and 56 c) 20, 25 and 30 d) 12, 32 and 36

uc

4. Find the HCF and LCM of the following numbers.

Ed

a) 14 and 56 b) 48 and 60 c) 45, 70 and 25 d) 135, 225 and 315

5. The number of books in Kara’s collection is divisible by 2, 4, 5 and 10. She has
a

more than 11 books and fewer than 25 books. How many books does Kara have?
di
In

6. Meghna cycles around a circular park in 9 minutes. Rahul cycles around the same
park in 12 minutes. They start cycling from the same point at the same time. After
n
so

how much time will they meet again at the starting point?
ar

Factors and Multiples

Pe

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HCF AND LCM

©

We have learnt in the previous grade that the product of HCF and LCM of
two natural numbers is equal to the product of the two numbers.

HCF of the numbers × LCM of the numbers = Product of the numbers

61

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 61 24-07-2019 19:56:18

 Example 15: Find the HCF and LCM of 12 and 18 and check that HCF ×
LCM = product of the numbers.
Solution:
Product of 12 Product of
HCF LCM and 18: HCF and LCM:

2 12, 18 1 2 3 6

d
2 12 2 18 2 6, 9 × 1 8 × 6

Lt
2 6 3 9 3 3, 9 9 6 2 1 6
3 3 3 3 3 1, 3

t.
+ 1 2 0

Pv
1 1 1, 1 2 1 6

s
HCF = 2 × 3 = 6 LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36

e
ic
We see that HCF × LCM = product of the numbers.

rv
Example 16: If the product of two numbers is 750 and the HCF is 5, find

Se
the LCM. n
Solution: HCF × LCM = Product of the numbers
io
at

Product of the numbers 750

... LCM = = = 150
uc

HCF 5
Example 17: The product of the HCF and LCM of two numbers is 1280. If
Ed

one of the numbers is 32, find the other number.

a

Solution: Product of the numbers = HCF × LCM

di

First number × Second number = HCF × LCM

In

HCF × LCM 1280

... Second number = = = 40
n

First number 32
so

Answer: The other number is 40.

ar
Factors and Multiples

Pe

Exercise 3.6
©

1. If the product of two numbers is 84942 and their HCF is 33, find their LCM.
2. The product of HCF and LCM of two numbers is 9072. If one of the numbers is 72,
find the other number.

62

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 62 24-07-2019 19:56:18

 3. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 12 and 5040, respectively. If one of the
numbers is 144, find the other number.
4. What is the smallest number that is divisible by 20, 48 and 72?
5. Find the greatest number that can divide 510 and 425 exactly.
6. Aditya plays a football match every 4th day and Rahul on every 6th day. Today they
both went for their matches. When will they again have their matches on the
same day?

d
Lt
7. The art teacher has 120 crayons and 30 sheets of paper for her students. Find the
largest number of students to whom she can give equal number of crayons and

t.
Pv
equal number of sheets of paper.
8. Atul, Dishi and Vidhi start running around a circular track at the same time. Atul

s
completes a round in 10 minutes, Dishi in 15 minutes and Vidhi in 12 minutes.

e
How many rounds would Dishi have completed when all of them meet again at

ic
the starting point?

rv
Se
n
Wrap Up
io
at

• 1 is a factor of every number.

uc

• Every number except 1 has at least two factors.

Ed

• Prime numbers have only 2 factors—1 and the number itself.

• Composite numbers have more than 2 factors.
a
di

• Twin primes are two prime numbers having difference of 2.

In

• Every number is a multiple of 1 and itself.

n

• The product of HCF and LCM of two natural numbers is equal to the product of
so

the two numbers.

ar

Factors and Multiples

Pe

Workout
©

1. Find the factors of the following numbers using multiplication and division
facts.
a) 144 b) 225 c) 205

63

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 63 24-07-2019 19:56:21

 2. What will be the 9th multiple of the following numbers?
a) 7 b) 9 c) 11 d) 13 e) 16
3. Without dividing, find out whether the dividend is exactly divisible by the
divisor or not.
a) 2477818 ÷ 9 b) 6204 ÷ 3 c) 2089 ÷ 5 d) 75391 ÷ 6 e) 73618 ÷ 2
4. Find the HCF of 32 and 80 using long division method.

d
5. Find the LCM of 24, 36 and 56 by prime factorisation method.

Lt
6. Find the smallest number which when doubled will be exactly divisible by 4,

t.
10 and 15.

Pv
7. Find the least number which when divided by 5, 6 and 14 leaves 4 as the
remainder.

e s
8. The product of two numbers is 864. If the HCF of the numbers is 12, find their

ic
LCM.

rv
9. Find the greatest number which when halved will exactly divide the numbers

Se
12, 18 and 30.
10. Rahul is making a board game that is 16 inches by 24 inches. He wants to use
n
square tiles. What are the dimensions of the largest tile he can use?
io

11. Two bikers are riding bikes in a circular path. The first rider completes a round
at

in 12 minutes. The second rider completes a round in 18 minutes. If they both

uc

started at the same place and time and rode in the same direction, after how
Ed

many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?

12. Ginny was talking to her brother about the job and monthly salary. She told
a

her brother that her salary is the product of the first five odd prime numbers.
di

What is her salary?

In
n
so

Mental Maths
ar
Factors and Multiples

Understand
Pe

13 and 15 9 and 16 8 and 64

©

(one of the numbers is (no common factors or (one number is a factor of

prime) co-prime numbers) other number)
HCF = 1 HCF = 1 HCF = 8 (smaller number)
LCM = 13 × 15 = 195 LCM = 9 × 16 = 144 LCM = 64 (bigger number)

64

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 64 24-07-2019 19:56:22

 Perform

1. Find the HCF and LCM of the following numbers.

a) 11 and 21 b) 16 and 19 c) 9 and 27

d) 17 and 24 e) 15 and 14 f) 12 and 48

2. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 15 and 60, respectively. If one number is
a multiple of the other number, find the numbers.

d
Lt
3. The LCM of two co-prime numbers is 72. If one of the number is 8, find the

t.
other number.

Pv
s
Maths Lab Activity

e
ic
rv
Aim: To understand the concept of LCM using grid

Se
Materials required: Crayons of three colours—blue, yellow and green and
n
notebook
io

Method: (Work in groups of three)

at
uc

1. The students will make a grid of 10 rows and 10 columns in their notebook.
Ed

2. The students will write the numbers from 1 to 100 in it.

3. The teacher will ask the students to find the LCM of three numbers, say 3, 6
a

and 8.
di
In

4. The students will highlight 3 and its multiples using blue crayon, 6 and its
multiples using yellow crayon and 8 and its multiples using green crayon.
n
so

5. The teacher will tell the students that the numbers which are shaded thrice
ar

are the common multiples of 3, 6 and 8. She/he will ask the following
Factors and Multiples

questions in the class.

Pe

a) What is the LCM of 3, 6 and 8?

©

b) What is the position of the LCM in the grid?

65

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 65 24-07-2019 19:56:24

 Maths in Action

With the help of LCM, we can actually predict the time of coincidence of two
or more events that may occur independently but repeatedly such as the
coincidence of full Moon with perigee of the Moon. This coincidence has a
special name, supermoon.

d
Lt
Enrich Your Intelligence Quotient

t.
Pv
HOTS

s
1. At a club, Pooja swims every 6 days, runs every 4 days and cycles every 16

e
days. If she did all the three activities today, after how many days will she do

ic
all the three activities again on the same day?

rv
2. How many 3’s occur in the prime factorisation of the greatest 3-digit

Se
number? n
WHO AM I?
io
1. I am a composite number greater than 50 and divisible by 3 and
at

17. I am also 4 less than a multiple of 5 and 11. __________

uc

2. I am an odd 3-digit number. The product of my digits is 1. I am

the 6th consecutive odd number after 99. __________
Ed
a
di

Enrich Your Emotional Quotient

In
n
so

Life Skills and Values

ar

One jogger completes one lap in 8 minutes and another one completes it in
Factors and Multiples

Pe

6 minutes. How long will it take for both the joggers to arrive at their starting
point together if they start at the same time and maintain their jogging pace?
©

How many laps would each jogger have completed till then?
Jogging is the best form of exercise to stay healthy. Remember, a sound mind
resides in a healthy body. Do you jog? If the answer is no, then you must
include it in your routine. Remember, this is the age when your body is
growing rapidly.

66

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 66 24-07-2019 19:56:26

 Mathematician
Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer. He
was the first person to evaluate the circumference of Earth by using a unique
method—observing and comparing the angles made by the Sun in midday at
two different locations on the surface of Earth. He has devised a simple and
efficient method—sieve of Eratosthenes—to identify prime numbers.

d
Lt
t.
Pv
Enrich Your Happiness Quotient

e s
Playing with Primes

ic
• Every odd number greater than 7 can be written as the sum of three prime

rv
numbers.
For examples: 11 = 5 + 3 + 3
Se21 = 3 + 7 + 11
n
List five odd numbers greater than 7 and compute as above.
io

• Every even number except 2 can be written as the sum of two prime numbers.
at

For examples: 12 = 5 + 7 32 = 13 + 19
uc

List five even numbers and compute as above.

Ed

• The sum of all prime numbers from 3 to 13 is equal to the product of 3 and 13.
a

3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 = 39 = 3 × 13
di
In
n
so
ar

Factors and Multiples

Pe
©

67

New Maths Ace Gr 5 Book.indb 67 24-07-2019 19:56:27