CS161: Introduction to Computer Science I

Week 1

10/2020
 Course description

Introduction to fundamental concepts

of computer science. Problem solving,
algorithm and program design, data types,
control structures, subprograms.

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Objectives
❑ Introduce to the fundamental concepts of
computing
❑ Emphasize problem solving, the design of
algorithms for solutions, and the translation of
tested algorithms into the grammar of a high-
level computer language.
❑ Encourage students to develop a consistent
programming style and a systematic method of
internal program documentation.
This course is not just
a programming or C++ class!
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 Objectives(cont)
❑ This course introduces the
software life cycle along with
the goals of systems design
❑ Reliable, modifiable,
understandable, and efficient
program development is
emphasized.
❑ Students gain experience with
design notations using data
flow diagrams and structure
charts.

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Exams and Marking
❑ Assignments: 20% (lab 10%, quiz 10%)
❑ Projects: 15%
❑ Mid-term exam : 25% (lab 10% + theory 15%)
❑ Final exam: 50% (lab 10% + theory 40%)
❑ Students are not allowed to cheat in every
assignments, tests, examinations. You will be
grade 0 for the whole course if you are
caught cheating.

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 ❑ C++ Primer Plus, Stephen Prata, SAMS.
Books and ❑ Absolute C++, Sixth Edition, by Walter Savitch,
Addison Wesley.
references ❑ The C++ Programming Language, Bjarne
Stroustroup.

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 ✓ Topic #1: Introduction
✓ Topic #2: A simple program
✓ Topic #3: Using Math Library
✓ Topic #4: Selective Execution and
Logical Operations

Topics covered ✓ Topic #5: Functions

✓ Topic #6: Repetition
✓ Topic #7: String and Arrays
✓ Topic #8: Structures
✓ Topic #9: Working with External
Files
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What is a
computer?

A computer is an electronic
device that accepts
information and instructions
from a user, manipulates the
information according to the
instructions, displays the
information in some way,
and stores the information
for retrieval later.

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Types of computer
❑ Personal computers (PCs)
❑ Desktop computers
❑ Notebook (laptop) computers
❑ Tablets
❑ PDA (personal digital assistant)
❑ Mainframe computers
❑ Supercomputers
❑ …

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Types of computer

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Computer Systems
❑ Includes computer hardware and software
o Hardware refers to the physical components of a
computer
o Software refers to the intangible components of a
computer system, particularly the programs, or lists of
instructions, the computer needs to perform a specific
task
❑ The design and construction of the hardware of a
particular computer is referred to as its
architecture or configuration
❑ The technical details about each component are
called specifications

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Computer Configuration & Specification

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Processing Hardware

❑ The motherboard is the main

electronic component of the
computer (circuit board)
❑ The microprocessor is one
of the most important pieces
of processing hardware on
the motherboard
❑ Cards are removable circuit
boards
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Input and Output
❑ The data or instructions you type into the
computer are called input
❑ The result of the computer processing your
input is referred to as output
❑ Peripheral devices accomplish input and
output functions

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 Input
Devices
❑ You use an input device,
such as a keyboard or a
mouse, to input data and
issue commands
o Keyboard
✓Ergonomic
o Pointing device
✓Mouse
• Scroll wheel
✓Trackball
✓Touch pad
✓Pointing stick
o Scanner

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 Output Devices

❑Output devices show

you the results of
processing data
o Monitor: CRT, LCD, TN, IPS,
OLED, Retina, …
o Printer:
• Laser
• Inkjet
• Dot matrix

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 Data Representation
❑ Binary digits (bits) ❑ ASCII
❑ A series of eight bits is o American Standard Code
for Information Interchange
called a byte
o Kilobyte (KB or K)
o Megabyte (MB)
o Gigabyte (GB)
o Terabyte (TB)

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 ❑ Random access memory (RAM)
o Volatile memory
Memory o SDRAM, DDR RAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4…
❑ Cache memory
❑ Virtual memory
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Memory
❑ Read-only memory
(ROM)
o BIOS
o Nonvolatile memory
❑ Complementary metal
oxide semiconductor
memory (CMOS)
❑ Semi-permanent
memory

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Storage Media
❑ A computer file is a named collection of
stored data
❑ An executable file contains the instructions
that tell a computer how to perform a specific
task
❑ A data file is created by a user

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 Storage Media

❑Magnetic media
• Hard disk
• Tape
• Floppy disk

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 Storage Media

❑Optical storage
device
• CD, CD-ROM, CD-R,
CD-RW
• DVD
• HD-DVD
• Blueray

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Storage Media
❑ Flash memory
o Memory cards
o USB flash storage device
o Solid state drive (SSD)

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Data Communications
❑ The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or
video data from one computer to another or
to a peripheral device is called data
communications
o Sender and receiver
o Channel
o Protocol
o Device driver (driver)

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Data Bus
❑ This path between the microprocessor, RAM,
and peripherals is called the data bus

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Networks
❑ A network connects one computer to other
computers and peripheral devices, enabling
you to share data and resources with others
❑ Network interface card (NIC)
❑ LAN
❑ WAN
❑ WLAN
❑ WiMax

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Telecommunications

❑ Telecommunications means
communicating over a comparatively
long distance using a phone line or
some other data conduit
o Modem
✓Digital and analog signals
o DSL
o ADSL

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 The Internet

❑The Internet is the

largest network in the
world, connecting
millions of people
• Electronic mail
• World Wide Web
• Web page
• Web site

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Security Threats on Your Computer

❑Security refers to the

steps a computer owner
takes to prevent
unauthorized use of or
damage to the computer
• Malware
• Viruses
• Antivirus software
• Spyware
• Adware
❑Firewall
❑Phishing
❑Pharming

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System Software
❑ System software
manages the
fundamental
operations of your
computer
o Operating system
✓System resource
✓Multitasking
o Utilities
o Programming
Languages

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 ❑ Application software enables you
to perform specific computer tasks,
Application
such as document production,
Software spreadsheet calculations, database
management, …

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