Guide Questions

1. Identify the possible stressors that contributed to Mr. X’s condition.
(DUROY)
● Intrapersonal Stressors:
○ Age: 42 years old.
○ Smokes and drinks alcohol when stressed.
○ He misses meals very often.
○ Sleeps very late at night while doing work.
● Interpersonal Stressors:
○ Was blamed for the drop of the company’s sales.
● Extrapersonal Stressors:
○ Being temporarily relieved from his position.
2. Identify the effects on the Lines of Resistance (MAGLACION)

Because the normal line of defense has been penetrated by the stressors, the
protection factors were activated thus causing reaction symptomatology. Mr. X
developed pneumonia, an infection caused by bacteria and germs in the air where the
alveoli of the lungs are inflamed. This infection can even affect a healthy immune
system. Mr. X’s immune system was already severely weakened because of his actions
caused by his mania and depression. He wasn’t eating so his body was not taking in
proper nutrition and he locked himself in his room, was quiet, and stared at the wall
most of the time so he wasn’t getting much sunlight, movement, or exercising.
Furthermore, Mr. X was likely not cleaning his room, which may result in unsanitary
surroundings which resulted in increased bacteria and germs in the air, likely causing
the infection. In individuals experiencing depression, it is a common symptom that they
are not able to take care of themselves, which includes keeping their surroundings
clean.
Mr. X’s actions can cause the immune system to weaken. It did not help that
before his mania and depression, he was exhibiting weird mannerisms and behaviors
such as missing meals, sleeping very late at night, having no more time for his family,
focusing too hard on meeting deadlines and his preconceived deadlines, and it is also
incredibly likely that he had also no time for himself based on the given behavior so
even before, he already had a weakened immune system caused by his actions and his
recent actions, because of mania and depression, has increasingly weakened his
already weakened immune system, making him susceptible to pneumonia resulting in
him developing the infection.
Identify the effects on the Normal Line of Defense. (PILOTON & RALIA)
Before we talk about the effects on the normal line of defense, let us talk about
its definition. The Normal Line of Defense is the normal wellness level of the client
system. It is a combination of the individual’s normal coping methods, lifestyle and
behavior.
In the Normal Line of Defense, when the flexible line of defense cannot protect
the system anymore, stressors will then attempt to pass through the normal line of
defense.
Whenever Mr. X is stressed, he usually turns to smoking and drinking alcohol. It
is his way of coping with stress. Even with his bad habit of smoking and drinking, he
remains mentally stable, gets enough sleep, eats 3 meals a day on time, and usually
has enough time to spend with his family. He is able to balance his work life and
personal life. He is healthy, socially engaged, and a man of focus and commitment. But
with the recent events, he has changed for the worse, he started developing weird
mannerisms and behaviors that are considered strange by his family and colleagues.
He even broke, emotionally and mentally, having periods of mania and depression.
3. Identify the effects on the Flexible Line of Defense. (GO)

The Flexible Line of Defence is a broken line after the normal line of defence. It
can either expand or contract depending on the stress he or she experiences.
In this scenario, Mr. X has his own Flexible Line of Defence to stress and work.
The bad habits of smoking and drinking serves as a protective buffer for preventing
stressors from breaking through the usual wellness state (represented by the normal
line of defence). This concludes that the daily stress affects Mr. X’s Flexible Line of
Defense by expanding it. He is able to receive the stress and adapt to it. This provides
greater short-term protection against stressor invasion.
But this Flexible Line of Defence (is not that expanded) hence he is engaging in
bad habits which are affecting him negatively because it is not good for his health. But
to him it is affecting him positively in terms of his job because after smoking and
drinking, he is able to work again just like every other day. In other words, this is how he
copes up with the stress.
If the stress increases, then this is when the problem arises. In this case, Mr. X is
blamed by his bosses. His initial protective buffer when he is normally stressed is
smoking and drinking. A person’s state of balance or harmony is the reason why a
person can adequately cope with stressors to retain, attain, or maintain an optimal
health level, thus preserving system integrity. But here, Mr. X’s state of balance or
harmony or stability is off. This is going to make him enter something much worse than
smoking and drinking, that is acting weird mannerisms and behaviors that are not
normal. The stress is significantly high, this makes the Flexible Line of Defense
vulnerable for it contracts making Mr. X less protected from the stress he is receiving.
4. Enumerate Primary Level of Prevention. (GICA)
Mr. X surely has a very stressful environment: internal, external and the created
environments. Primary Level of Prevention takes place in client assessment and
intervention in identifying and reducing or mitigating possible or actual risk factors
associated with environmental stressors to prevent a possible reaction. Starting off with
his Internal Stressor, his character of being a perfectionist and workaholic gives a bad
effect. Like other forms of addiction, workaholism can have significant health
consequences, experts say, including significantly higher work-related stress. Adding up
are his vices, smoking and drinking was his way of coping up, these practices are both
unhealthy physically and mentally for the body. On the scope of his surroundings , his
interpersonal, the person was working under pressure which includes all the blaming
and company crisis he’s experiencing. Therefore, with all the struggles, talking to
someone would be a great way to ask and reach out for help. Mr. X must create and
maintain dedicated quiet spaces for relaxation activities. Included in these ways are;
● practice setting boundaries

● Avoid vices
● rest intentionally
● talk to his boss
● pursue health in all areas of life
● If too heavy, seek professional help
Primary prevention takes place even before the client system can respond to a
stressor that the purpose is to reduce the possibility of encounter with the stressor.
5. Enumerate Secondary Level of Prevention. (LAPUT)

The secondary level of prevention is about how one can detect the early
symptoms of an illness. The base concept of the secondary level of prevention is
detection. Detection is a prevention that can help slow down or prevent an illness from
further developing. In the particular case of Mr. X, he shows habits which can lead to
pneumonia . If the presence of pneumonia is suspected, health professionals can
perform the following:
● Blood tests - These can be used to confirm an infection and to try to figure out
what kind of organism is causing it. The precision of detection however is not
always possible.
● Chest X-ray - These can be used to diagnose pneumonia as well as its extent
and location. The downside is that we can not tell what kind of germ is causing
the illness.
● Pulse oximetry - This test is used to measure the amount of oxygen in your
blood. Pneumonia can make it difficult for your lungs to get enough oxygen into
your circulation.
● Sputum test - Sputum is a fluid found in the lung. A sample of this fluid can be
taken after a deep cough and be used to analyze to help pinpoint the cause of
the infection.
If pneumonia is detected earlier then it allows health professionals to perform the

proper treatment which can prevent further complications to Mr. X’s body.
6. Enumerate Tertiary Level of Prevention. (ISRAEL)

Tertiary level of prevention is described as the adjustive process as reconstitution
begins and maintenance factors move the client back in a circular manner toward
primary prevention. After secondary prevention which involves some medical
interventions, Mr. X then needs to undergo tertiary levels of preventions which are:
FOR MENTAL HEALTH:

● Seeking psychological help which may include therapy sessions with
psychologists or psychiatrists.
● Having some sort of moral support from peers through support groups or just
simple groups of people online or physical.
FOR VICES:
● Seeking for preferred rehabilitation programs that may help in detoxification of
both smoking and drinking
OVERALL
● Assessment of patient’s ability to independently and normally perform in
respective endeavors
● Assessment of patient’s ability to maintain variables of health
7. Insights on the case/situation based on the Systems Model of Betty Neuman. (DAYO)
Using Neuman’s System model allowed Mr. X’s needs to be identified and
addressed. It showed that stressors contributed in Mr. X’s condition. Neuman’s theory
can be used as a framework in helping Mr. X. as her theory talks about comprehending
the concept of adversity by defining the interaction between parts and whole, the
consequences of circumstances, and the client's contact with his or her environment.
Assessing/planning Mr. X’s care allows for the process of working with stressors from a
variety of sources being identified and to be assisted in returning him into having a
homeostatic balance in his life. It also emphasizes that he needs to work together with
his frim to meet all their needs, and it also shows the importance of appreciating that
people’s perception of events changes with time, place and interaction with others.
Notes for 2:
the internal factors that help the patient defend against a stressor
Notes for 5,6,7:
Primary Prevention - trying to prevent yourself from getting a disease.
Secondary Prevention - trying to detect a disease early and prevent it from getting worse.
Tertiary Prevention - trying to improve your quality of life and reduce the symptoms of a disease
you already have.
Notes for 8:

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1. Identify the possible stressors that contributed to Mr. X’s condition.

2. Identify the effects on the Lines of Resistance (MAGLACION)

3. Identify the effects on the Flexible Line of Defense. (GO)

4. Enumerate Primary Level of Prevention. (GICA)

● practice setting boundaries

5. Enumerate Secondary Level of Prevention. (LAPUT)

If pneumonia is detected earlier then it allows health professionals to perform the

6. Enumerate Tertiary Level of Prevention. (ISRAEL)

FOR MENTAL HEALTH:

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