VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018
Report on Self learning activity
TITLE: Hydraulic Double & Pneumatic automatic
reciprocating circuit
Course: FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (18ME55)
Submitted By
Sl.No. USN Name
1 1JS19ME019 CHETHAN G
2 1JS19ME020 CHETHAN M
3 1JS19ME021 D S PAVAN
4 1JS19ME022 DARSHAN
5 1JS19ME023 DILEEP Y
Dr. Siddappa P.N
Assistant Professor
Course Faculty
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
JSS Campus, Dr. Vishnuvardan Road, Srinivaspura, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560060
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Hydraulic Circuits
Control of double acting hydraulic cylinder
Double pump hydraulic circuit & Case study
Direct and Indirect control of double acting cylinder
Pneumatic automatic reciprocating circuit
References
Sl. USN Name Presentation Report Obtained
No marks
1. 1JS19ME019 CHETHAN G
2. 1JS19ME020 CHETHAN M
3. 1JS19ME021 D S PAVAN
4. 1JS19ME022 DARSHAN
5. 1JS19ME023 DILEEP Y
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HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
ABSTRACT
Increasing cost and power demand, leads to evaluation of new method to increase
through productivity and help to solve the power demands. Many researchers have
break through to increase the efficiency of a hydraulic power pack, one of the
promising methods is the concept of regenerative. The objective of this research
work is to increase the efficiency of a hydraulic circuit by introducing a concept of
regenerative circuit. A Regenerative circuit is a system that is used to speed up the
extension stroke of the double acting single rod hydraulic cylinder. The output is
connected to the input in the directional control value. By this concept, increase in
velocity of the piston and decrease the cycle time. For the research, a basic
hydraulic circuit and a regenerative circuit are designated and compared both with
their results. The analysis was based on their time taken for extension and
retraction of the piston. From the detailed analysis of both the hydraulic circuits, it
is found that the efficiency by introducing hydraulic regenerative circuit increased
by is 5.3%. The obtained results conclude that, implementing hydraulic
regenerative circuit in a hydraulic power pack decreases power consumption,
reduces cycle time and increases productivity in a longer run.
INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic circuits transmit and control power from a mechanical input to a
mechanical output by means of liquids, mostly oils. Power is transmitted
hydrostatically, where high pressures make static forces dominate over dynamic
forces, and energy is transmitted mostly through static pressure at low flow
velocities.
Circuits are composed of a number of hydrostatic components which are
connected to each other by means of piping, manifolds, or directly, to enable
transmission and control of power or signals through liquids. Hydraulic circuits
are used in industrial and mobile applications to transmit power from a prime
mover to operate machine parts or vehicles.
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CONTROL OF A DOUBLE ACTING HYDRAULIC
CYLINDER
The circuit diagram to control double-acting cylinder is shown in Fig.1.2, The
control of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder is described as follows:
1. When the 4/3 valve is in its neutral position (tandem design), the cylinder is
hydraulically locked and the pump is unloaded back to the tank.
2. When the 4/3 valve is actuated into the flow path, the cylinder is extended
against its load as oil flows from port P through port A. Oil in the rod end of the
cylinder is free to flow back to the tank through the four-way valve from port B
through port T.
3. When the 4/3 valve is actuated into the right-envelope configuration, the
cylinder retracts as oil flows from port P through port B. Oil in the blank end is
returned to the tank via the flow path from port A to port T.
At the ends of the stroke, there is no system demand for oil. Thus, the pump flow
goes through the relief valve at its pressure level setting unless the four-way valve
is deactivated.
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Double-Pump Hydraulic System
It is a circuit that uses a high-pressure, low-flow pump in conjunction with a low-
pressure, high-flow pump. A typical application is a sheet metal punch press in
which the hydraulic cylinder must extend rapidly over a great distance with low-
pressure but high-flow requirements. This occurs under no load. However during
the punching operation for short motion, the pressure requirements are high, but
the cylinder travel is small and thus the flow requirement are low. The circuit in
Fig. 1.5 eliminates the necessity of having a very expensive high-pressure, high-
flow pump.
When the punching operation begins, the increased pressure opens the unloading
valve to unload the low-pressure pump. The purpose of relief valve is to protect the
high-pressure pump from over pressure at the end of cylinder stroke and when the
DCV is in its spring-centered mode. The check valve protects the low-pressure
pump from high pressure, which occurs during punching operation, at the ends of
the cylinder stroke and when the DCV is in its spring-centered mode.
Fig: Fluid sim circuit
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CASE STUDY
Case Study: Unloading System for Energy Saving An “unloading” system is
used to divert pump flow to a tank during part of the operational cycle to reduce
power demand. This is done to avoid wasting power idle periods. For example, it is
often desirable to combine the delivery of two pumps to achieve higher flow rates
for higher speed while a cylinder is advancing at low pressure. However, there may
be considerable portions of the cycle, such as when the cylinder is moving a heavy
load, when the high speed is no longer required, or cannot be sustained by the
prime mover. Therefore, one of the two pumps is to be unloaded resulting in a
reduction of speed and consequently, power. The components of this system are:
A, B: Hydraulic pumps, C, E: Pilot operated Spring loaded Relief valves, D: Check
valve
Mode : Both Pumps Loaded In Figure 28.1 below, when both pumps are
delivering, oil from the pump A passes through the unloading valve C and the
check valve D to combine with the pump B output. This continues so long as
system pressure is lower than the setting of the unloading valve C.
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Pneumatic control circuits
A pneumatic circuit is a combination of components that work together
to produce, control, and transmit energy. This course introduces several
of these energy transferring and air control components and the symbols
used to represent them.
Direct control of Double acting Cylinder
There is no return spring and spring forces not there for retraction .
Here both forward and return motions of cylinder are by air pressure
and 3/2 DCV is used.
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Indirect control of double acting cylinder
This type of operation is known as impulse operation .To control
main valve 3/2 or 2/2 DCV are used and in normal position
cylinder will be in retraction position and pilot signal should be
sent to main valve by actuating push button of 3/2 DCV .
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Literature review
The word “Pneumatics” originates from Greek word (pneuma) which in
turn originates from (pneuma) meaning air organ which in turn comes
from (pneuma Greek for air). It is a branch of technology, which deals
with the study and application of pressurized gas to effect mechanical
motion. Pneumatic systems are extensively used in industry, where
factories are commonly plumbed with compressed air or compressed
inert gases. Pneumatic systems are widely used systems in industry.
While they are used widely in the industry, the system components like
pumps, valves, cylinders are always became investigation topics in the
history. Pneumatic cylinders are one of the most common components of
the pneumatic systems used in many engineering applications like -
automatic manufacturing and montage lines, heavy construction
Equipments ,control systems, sensitive measurement and test systems.
They are used for producing linear motion in the pneumatic systems and
they convert pneumatic energy to mechanical energy.
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Methodology
The system in which boom cylinder, stick cylinder and swing motor with separate
meter in and meter out technology ( SMISMO system for short) using two
proportional valves, bucket cylinder and travel motors controlled with
conventional valves, proposed in this paper, An electrohydraulic axial piston
variable displacement pump which the pressure and flow are continuously tunable
is used in this system. There are additional instruments such as displacement
sensor in every actuator, pressure sensor beside the pump and the actuator, the
flow sensor and rotating speed sensor on the engine which are employed to
detect the corresponding variables and some of them are used for feedback
control. The circuit control concepts of the SMISMO system solutions are being
realized by the hardware in the loop computer control system ds1103. In
order to have a knowledge about the performance of new proposed system applied
on the excavator, a prototype which consists of the hydraulic excavator
mechanical structure with multi-body dynamics and electro-hydraulic system
based on the real physical structures established in Simulation X, The
moment of inertia and mass of the mechanical are taken into account and also
the force acts on the bucket can be transmitted to other actuators in real
time. So the model of the hydraulic system and the model of the mechanism
influence each other just as the real physical structure.
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Pneumatic automatic reciprocating circuit
Working / Methodology
It basically consists of compressor, FRL unit, 5/2 direction
control valve with double acting cylinders, mechanical positions
sensors.
Output of the connected solenoids energises and de- energises.
Solenoid output is being connected to the direction control
valves.
Solenoid gets actuated and de actuated because of mechanical
position sensors which change the position of rods in the
cylinders.
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Based on position of the cylinder rods the the S1 and S2 gets
ON / OFF Position in the given circuit.
Which makes the solenoid coil energise and de energise and
hence we get the reciprocation movement of double acting
cylinder and there is motion being transmitted.
The figure shows a pilot-controlled automatic reciprocation circuit. When the tow
way valve (1) is actuated, the cylinder will start reciprocating. Automatic cycling is
achieved y using pilot air, directed alternatively through pilot air, directed
alternatively through roller actuated three way valves (3 and 4) to shift the main
control valve (2).
The main control valve (2) is in its left mode initially, by mechanically pressing
the roller of valve 3, now the air enters the blank end of the cylinder and cylinder
extends. At the end of extension, the pilot control valve (4) is tripped and air flows
to the pilot chamber (Y) of the main control valve (2) . The valve (2) shifts to its
right mode. Now cylinder starts retracting. At the end of retracting, the pilot valve
(3) is tripped, causes the supply of air to X side of dc valve (2), shifting it to the
left mode and cylinder starts extending.
REFERENCES
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https://easymechlearn.blogspot.com/2019/10/
automatic-reciprocating-of-pneumatic.html
https://www.powermotiontech.com/fluid-power-
basics/pneumatics/article/21155572/automationdirect-
4-basic-pneumatic-circuits
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