Situation PRACTICE

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ေက်းဇူးတင္လႊာ
ဤစာအုပ္ေရးသားရၿခင္းသည္ RULE ဖတ္ ရသက္သာေစရန္ ႏွင့္

situation ကိုေလ့က်င့္ရာတြင္ အဆင္ေၿပေစရန္ အတြက္ရည္ရြယ္
ပါသည္။အၿခားသူမ်ားဖတ္မိပါကလည္း ဤစာအုပ္သည္လံုး၀မွန္ကန္ပါ
သည္ ဟုမယူဆေစခ်င္ပါ။ မိမိ၏ ကိုယ္ပိုင္အေတြးအေခၚကို ဤစာအုပ္
နွင့္ ပူးတြဲေလ့က်င့္ေစခ်င္ပါသည္။
ဤစာအုပ္ေရးသားရာတြင္ မွီၿငမ္းထားသည္မ်ားသည္ ဆရာ

Capt: U MIN AUNG (MASTER MARINER) ၏ စာအုပ္မ်ားကို
မွီၿငမ္းထား ပါသည္။ ဆရာCapt: U SHWE SOE (MASTER
MARINER) ၏ စာအုပ္မ်ားကို မွီၿငမ္းထားပါသည္။ ဆရာ Capt: U
MIN MIN HTUN (MASTER MARINER) ၏ စာအုပ္မ်ားကို
မွီၿငမ္းထားပါသည္။သို႔ေသာ္ဤစာအုပ္ပါအခ်က္အလက္ မ်ားမွား ယြင္း
ၿခင္းသည္ ေရးသားသူ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္တြင္ သာ တာ၀န္ရွိပါသည္။
ေက်းဇူးအထူးတင္လ်က္
သက္နိုင္၀င္း
MMU (first batch)

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Contents page Narrow channel,

TSS
Power Driven Vsl Underway: 5, 6, 7
Towing And Pushing (crossing vessel) 8, 9, 11
Towing And Pushing (head on vessel) 12, 13, 14
Towing And Pushing (dracone) 15, 16, 17
Sailing Vessel Underway And Vessel Under Oars 18, 19, 20
Fishing Vessels (crossing vessel) 21, 22, 23
Fishing Vessels (seeing from stern) 25, 26, 28
Vessels engaged in trawling (seeing from stern) 29, 30, 32
Vessels engaged in trawling (crossing vessel) 33, 34, 35
vessel not under command no making way 36, 37, 38
vessel not under command making way 39, 40, 41
aground 42, 43
VRM (crossing vessel) 44, 45, 46
VRM (head on vessel) 47, 48, 49
VRM at anchor (side view) 50, 51
VRM (seeing from stern) 52, 53, 54
VRM at anchor (head on vessel) 55, 56
VRM Pushing 57, 58, 59
VRM (diving) 60, 61, 62
Dredger 63, 64, 65
Mine clearance operation 66, 67, 68
Vessel constrain by her draught 69, 70
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Situation procedures
9 (b,c,d) 10 (i,j) 18 (d,e,f)

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Mast head light မထြန္းရ…… fishing vsl other than trawling
Not under command
Pilot vsl
Power driven vsl လို႔ေၿပာနိုင္တာက P , TOW ,C (Power driven , towing vsl,

constrain by her draught)
Underway လို႔ေၿပာနိုင္တာက P P S C MINE TOW (Power driven vsl , pilot vsl,

sailing vsl, constrain by her draught, mine ,tow ေတြက under way
တစ္ခုပဲေၿပာရမယ္။
PAPA မၿဖစ္ (power driven vsl, anchor vsl, pilot vsl,
aground vsl ေတြက တစ္ၿခား signal ေပးရမယ္။
fishing vsl at anchor and VRM at anchor ေတြက လည္း
signal ေပးရမယ္။
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RULE 23 POWER DRIVEN VSL UNDERWAY
A power driven underway

if MHL , vsl less than 20 m
if ARL, vsl less than 12 m
Day Signal : nill
Sound Signal in RV: at interval of not more than two minutes one prolong
blast if underway and making way. If underway but not making way, two
prolong blast at interval of not more than 2 min.
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Situation
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က Narrow channel ထဲမ၀င္ခင္ကတည္းက master ကို inform

လုပ္ပါတယ္။Master ရဲ႕ instruction အတိုင္း wheel auto to manual, engine standby
,extra lookout ,rule 5 lookout and rule 6 safe speed လုပ္လာပါတယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က Narrow channel ထဲမွာ rule 9 (a) အရ starboard side က္ိုas is
safe and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာပါတယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ Ahead or nearly ahead မွာ A power driven vsl less than 20 m
ကိုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါ ROC likely to developed
ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 9 (b) အရ narrow channel ထဲမွာ
other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကို vsl less than 20 m in length or sailing vsl က
impede မလုပ္ရပါဘူး။ impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to be
impeded ကို take early action to allow sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 34 d maneuvering and warning signal at least five short and
rapid blast က္ို on my whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ
action မယူလို႔ ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရာက ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာပါတယ္။
ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ impeded လုပ္ခံရတဲ့ vsl ကလည္း rule 8
f(iii)အရ (part B steering and sailing rule) ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔
တစ္စီးနဲ႕တစ္စီး ဟာ nearly reciprocal course နဲ႕ေတြ႕လာလို႕ rule 14 b head on
situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ head on situation မွာ rule 14 (a)မွာ each shall alter her
course to starboard လို႔ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က starboard side ကို
overtaking vsl, navigational hazards and available depth of water ရွိမရွိ check
လုပ္ပါမယ္။
Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b) one short blast on my whistle or one flash :
I’m altering my course to starboard ေပးၿပီး Alter co to starboard လုပ္ပါမယ္။
သူ႕ရဲ႕ port side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear
ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my course and speed ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
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TSS
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က TSS ထဲမ၀င္ခင္ကတည္းက master ကို inform လုပ္ပါတယ္။

Master ရဲ႕ instruction အတိုင္း wheel auto to manual, engine standby ,extra
lookout ,rule 5 lookout and rule 6 safe speed လုပ္လာပါတယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က TSS ထဲမွာ rule 10 b အရ appropriate traffic lane ကို follow
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ Ahead or nearly ahead မွာ A power driven vsl less
than 20 m ကိုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါ ROC likely to
developed ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 10(j) အရ TSS ထဲမွာ other vsl
တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကို vsl less than 20 m in length and sailing vsl က
impede မလုပ္ရပါဘူး။ TSS ထဲမွာ lane မွားမမွား ကို chart ေပၚမွာ plotting
လုပ္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က lane မွန္ျပီး သူlane မွားေန လို႔ YG :you appear not
to comply with TSS နဲ႕ rule 34 d maneuvering and warning signal at least five
short and rapid blast က္ို on my whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to
impede က not to be impeded ကို take early action to allow sufficient sea room
ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။သူ႕actionကို ေစာင ့္ၾကည့္ တဲ့အခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရာက ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာပါတယ္။
ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ impeded လုပ္ခံရတဲ့ vsl ကလည္း rule 8 f(iii)
(part B steering and sailing rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 10 (a) အရ
any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔တစ္စီးနဲ႕တစ္စီး ဟာ nearly reciprocal course
နဲ႕ေတြ႕လာလို႕ rule 14 head on situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ head on situation မွာ rule
14 (a)မွာ each shall alter her course to starboard လို႔ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က starboard side ကို overtaking vsl, navigational hazards and
available depth of water, line and zone clear ရွိမရွိ check လုပ္ပါမယ္။
သူ႕ရဲ႕ port side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear
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RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING AHEAD
for situation (A) & (C)

(A) Power Driven Vessel probably 50m or more in length, towing with a length
of tow more than 200m
(C ) Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, engaged in pushing ahead
not Being part of a composite unit.
Underway
Seeing from
Day signal : for (C ) Nill
Day signal :for more than length of tow exceed 200 m
When the length of tow exceeds 200m, a black diamond shape to be

displayed on both the vessel engaged in towing and all the vessels being
towed.
Sound signal : One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an interval
of not more than two minutes
If manned : One prolonged blast followed by three short blasts immediately
after the fog signal made by the towing vessel
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Narrow channel
လုပ္ပါတယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in towing ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕
brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 9 (d) အရ narrow channel ထဲမွာ
other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။
impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impeded က not to be
(part B steering and sailing rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ rule 15
crossing situation ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ crossing situation မွာ the vessel which has the
other on her own starboard side က shall keep out of the way and shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel
လုပ္ေပး ရမွာၿဖစ္ေနတဲ့အတြက္သူက give way vessel ၿဖစ္ျပီး ကၽြန္ေတာ္က stand on
vessel ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 17 a (i) အရ give way vessel က action ယူၿပီး
keep out of the way လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ stand on vessel က keep her course and
speed လုပ္ရပါမယ္။ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 34 d maneuvering and warning signal at least
five short and rapid blast က္ို on my whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action
ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ rule 17 a (ii) အရ give way vessel က
action မယူလို႔ ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့ အခါ stand on vessel က her maneuver
alone နဲ႔ ေရွာင္ေပးရပါမယ္။
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အဲဒီလိုေရွာင္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ rule 17 c မွာေဖာ္ၿပထားတဲ့အတိုင္း port side မွာ
ရွိတဲ့vessel အတြက္ port side ကို မေကြ႔ရဘူးလို႔ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ rule 8 e အရ
master ကို inform လုပ္ျပီး reduce speed လုပ္ရပါမယ္။ rule 8 d အရ safe distance
နဲ႔ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ ထိ great caution နဲ႔ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။
finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္လာရင္ resume my co and speed ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
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TSS
lookout ,rule 5 lookout and rule 6 safe speed လုပ္လာပါတယ္။ကၽြန္ေတာ္က TSS
ထဲမွာ rule 10 b အရ appropriate traffic lane ကို follow လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass brg of an
approaching vessel does not appreciably change ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
rule 7 d (ii) အရ when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly
when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel
at close range ဆိုတ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ rule 10 (a) အရ any other rule
ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 15 crossing situation ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ crossing situation
မွာ the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side က shall keep
out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
crossing ahead of the other vessel လုပ္ေပး ရမွာၿဖစ္ေနတဲ့အတြက္သူက give way
vessel ၿဖစ္ျပီး ကၽြန္ေတာ္က stand on vessel ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 17 a (i)
အရ give way vessel က action ယူၿပီး keep out of the way လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ stand
on vessel က keep her course and speed လုပ္ရပါမယ္။ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 34 d
maneuvering and warning signal at least five short and rapid blast က္ို on my
whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ rule 17
a (ii) အရ give way vessel က action မယူလို႔ ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့ အခါ stand on
vessel က her maneuver alone နဲ႔ ေရွာင္ေပးရပါမယ္။
အဲဒီလိုေရွာင္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ rule 17 c မွာေဖာ္ၿပထားတဲ့အတိုင္း port side မွာ
ရွိတဲ့vessel အတြက္ port side ကို မေကြ႔ရဘူးလို႔ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ rule 8 e အရ
ဲ ထိ great caution နဲ႔ၿဖတ္တာကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္ပါမယ္။
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for situation
• Power Driven Vessel probably 50m or more in length, towing with a
length of tow not more than 200m
• Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing with a length of
tow more than 200m
Underway
Seeing from ahead or nearly ahead
Day signal :for length of tow less than 200 m : nill
for more than length of tow exceed 200 m

towed.
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Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in
pushing ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the
compass brg of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC
exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 7 d (ii) အရ when an appreciable bearing change is
evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when
approaching a vessel at close range ဆိုတ့အ
ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 14 head on situation ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ head on
situation မွာ rule 14 bအရ ahead or nearly ahead နဲ႔ MHL ကို in a line or nearly
in a line နဲ႕ေတြ႕လို႕ rule 14 a အရ power driven vessel ႏွစ္စီးက head on
နဲ႕ေတြ႕ခဲ့ရင္ each shall alter her course to starboard လုပ္ေပး္ပါမယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က Narrow channel ထဲမွာ rule 9 (a) အရ starboard side က္ိုas is safe
and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာ တဲ့အတြက္ starboard side က available depth
of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear
14
TSS
ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 14 head on situation ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ head on situation
မွာ rule 14 bအရ ahead or nearly ahead နဲ႔ MHL ကို in a line or nearly in a line
နဲ႕ေတြ႕လို႕ rule 14 a အရ power driven vessel ႏွစ္စီးက head on နဲ႕ေတြ႕ခဲ့ရင္ each
shall alter her course to starboard လုပ္ေပး္ပါမယ္။
starboard side က available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။ Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္
rule 34 (a) (b) one short blast on my whistle or one flash : I’m altering my
course to starboard ေပးၿပီး Alter co to starboard လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side
ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my
course and speed ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
15
RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING
(A)Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing a dracone An

inconspicuous, partly submerged object, less than 25m in breadth, less
than 100m in length with a length of tow not more than 200m
(B) Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing a dragcone An
than 100m in length with a length of tow more than 200m
Underway
Seeing from her port side
Day signal: A diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity and if the
length of tow exceeds 200m, an additional diamond shape
located as far forward as is practicable.
Sound signal: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an
in R.V : interval of not more than two minutes
16
Narrow channel
လုပ္ပါတယ္။ Master ရဲ႕ instruction အတိုင္း wheel auto to manual, engine
standby ,extra lookout ,rule 5 lookout and rule 6 safe speed လုပ္လာပါတယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ starboard bow မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in towing ကိ ုေတြ႕
လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါ ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 9 (d) အရ narrow channel ထဲမွာ
other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။
impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impede က not to be
(part B steering and sailing rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ rule 15
crossing situation ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ crossing situation မွာ the vessel which has the
other on her own starboard side က shall keep out of the way and shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel
လုပ္ေပး ရမွာၿဖစ္ေနတဲ့အတြက္ကၽြန္ေတာ္က give way vessel ၿဖစ္ျပီး သူက stand on
vessel ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ give way vessel က rule 16 မွာေဖာ္
ၿပထားတဲ့အတိုင္း take early and substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရမွာ
ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ rule 15 အရ သူ႔ရဲ႕အေရွ႔က ၿဖတ္ခြင့္မရွိပါဘူး။ သူ႔ရဲ႕ astern ကလည္း
dracone ပါလာတဲ့အတြက္ မၿဖတ္ နိုင္ပါဘူး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 8 e အရ master ကို inform
လုပ္ျပီး reduce speed လုပ္ရပါမယ္။ rule 8 d အရ safe distance နဲ႔ finally pass and
clear ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ ထိ great caution နဲ႔ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။
17
TSS
ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 15 crossing situation ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ crossing situation
မွာ the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side က shall keep
out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
crossing ahead of the other vessel လုပ္ေပး ရမွာၿဖစ္ေနတဲ့အတြက္ သူ႔ရဲ႕အေရွ႔က
ၿဖတ္ခြင့္မရွိပါဘူး။
သူ႔ရဲ႕ astern ကလည္း dracone ပါလာတဲ့အတြက္ မၿဖတ္ နိုင္ပါဘူး။ rule 8 e အရ
ဲ ထိ great caution နဲ႔ၿဖတ္တာကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္ပါမယ္။
18
RULE 25 SAILING VESSEL UNDERWAY AND VESSEL UNDER OARS
1. Sailing Vessel showing optional sailing lights

2. Sailing Vessel
3. Sailing Vessel less than 20m in length showing side lights and stern light
in a combined lantern (head on)
underway
seeing from
day signal : A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by
machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a black conical
shape, apex downwards.

in R.V interval of not more than two minutes
19
Narrow channel
လုပ္ပါတယ္။Master ရဲ႕ instruction အတိုင္း wheel auto to manual,
manual, engine standby ,extra
safe and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာပါတယ္။ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ starboard bow မွာ
sailing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 9 (b) အရ sailing vessel က
narrow channel ထဲမွာ other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကို impede မလုပ္ရပါဘူး
rule 9 (d) အရ vessel တစ္စီးဟာ narrow channel ထဲမွာ other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe
passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။ impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl
က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impede က not to be impeded ကို take early
action to allow sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 34 d
whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့ဲအခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ ROC
likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရာက ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာပါတယ္။
(part B steering and sailing rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။rule 18 a
အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ sailing vessel တစ္စီး keep out of the way
လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့ဲအတြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့
action ကို take early and substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
rule 8 (a) အရ observance of good seamanship ၿဖင့္ sailing vessel ကို wind ward
side ကေရွာင္ေပးရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ wind ward side က ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ starboard side
ၿဖစ္လုိ႔ starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a),(b) one short blast or one flash “I’m altering my
course to starboard” ေပးၿပီး alter course to starboard လုပ္ပါမယ္။ rule 8 d အရ
သူ႔ရဲ႕ astern က safe distance နဲ႔ great caution ၿဖင့္ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။ finally pass and
clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my course and speed လုပ္ပါမယ္။
20
TSS
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕starboard bow မွာ sailing vessel ကိုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
လုပ္တဲ့အခါ ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 10(j) အရ TSS ထဲမွာ other vsl
တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကိုvsl less than 20 m in length and sailing vsl က impede
မလုပ္ရပါဘူး။ Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impede က not to be impeded ကို take
early action to allow sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။ rule 34 d
whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕actionကို ေစာင ့္ၾကည့္ တဲ့အခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရာက ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာပါတယ္။
any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္တယ္။
rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ sailing vessel တစ္စီး ကို keep
out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way
vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and substantial action to keep well clear
လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။ rule 8 (a) အရ observance of good seamanship ၿဖင့္ sailing
vessel ကို wind ward side ကေရွာင္ေပးရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ wind ward side က
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ starboard side ၿဖစ္လုိ႔ starboard side ကို available depth of water,
overtaking vessel, navigational hazards, line ေတြzone ေတြclear ရွိမရွိ check
ပါမယ္။
သူ႕ရဲ႕ starboard side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear
21
RULE 26 FISHING VESSELS
(A) Vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, with outlying gear
extending more than 150m from the vessel, making way through the
water seeing from her port side
(B) vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, making way through
the water
Underway :
Seeing from:
Day signal: consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one
above the other
for outlying gear a cone apex upward in the direction of gear

Narrow channel
22
safe and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာပါတယ္။ for (A) any direction နဲ႔ေတြ႔ လို႕
For (B) ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently
check လုပ္တ့အ
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 9 (c) အရ fishing vessel က
for (B) rule 9 (d) အရ vessel တစ္စီးဟာ narrow channel ထဲမွာ other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕
safe passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။ Rule 8 f (i) အရ
vsl not to impede က not to be impeded ကို take early action to allow sufficient
sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 34 d maneuvering and warning
signal at least five short and rapid blast က္ို on my whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။
သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ ROC likely to developed
ၿဖစ္ေနရာက ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာပါတယ္။
အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ fishing vessel တစ္စီး ကို keep out of the
way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့
(A) အတြက္ starboard side မွာ outlying gear ရွိလို႔ alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။
(B) အတြက္ starboard side မွာ သူၿဖတ္သြားေတာ့ alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။
Port side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational
hazards, clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။ Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b) two short blast
on my whistle or two flash : I’m altering my course to port ေပးၿပီး Alter co to
port လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally
pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my course and speed ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
TSS
23
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ for (A) any direction နဲ႔ေတြ႔ လို႕ ၊ For (B) ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ
fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ROC likely to developed ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 10(i) အရ TSS ထဲမွာ other vsl
တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe passage ကိုvsl engaged in fishing က impede မလုပ္ရပါဘူး။ Rule 8
f (i) အရ vsl not to impede က not to be impeded ကို take early action to allow
sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။ rule 34 d maneuvering and warning
သူ႕actionကို ေစာင ့္ၾကည့္ တဲ့အခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ ROC likely to developed
(part B steering and sailing rule) ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 10 (a)
အရ any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္တယ္။rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel
တစ္စီးဟာ fishing vessel တစ္စီး ကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ
ၿဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take
early and substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards, line ေတြzone ေတြclear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
(A) အတြက္ starboard side မွာ outlying gear ရွိလို႔ alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။
(B) အတြက္ starboard side မွာ သူၿဖတ္သြားေတာ့ alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။
Port side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards,
line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b) two short blast on my whistle or two flash :
I’m altering my course to port ေပးၿပီး Alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear
side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume
my course and speed ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
24
25
Vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, with outlying gear

extending more than 150m from the vessel, making way through the
water
Underway
Seeing from astern
Daysignal:
above the other

Narrow channel
26
safe and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာပါတယ္။ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead
မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impede က not to be
(part B steering and sailing rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
RULE 13 (b)မွာအၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕ 22.5 ံ abaft her beam ကေန coming
up ၿဖစ္လာလို႔ or အၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕ astern light ကိုၿမင္ၿပီး both side light
ကိုမၿမင္ရလုိ႔ overtaking situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ Narrow channel ထဲမွာ overtaking
လုပ္ရင္ rule 9 e (i) အရ vessel to be overtaken က agreement signal ေပးၿပီး has
to take action to permit safe passing လုပ္မွ overtaking လုပ္နိုင္မယ္လို႔
ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ ေက်ာ္ တက္ ခ်င္တ့ဲ vessel က Intending signal ၿဖစ္တ့ဲ rule 34 c
(i) မွ two prolonged blast followed by two short blast to mean “I intend to
overtake you on your port side” ေပးၿပီး သူ႔action ကို ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ပါမယ္။( outlying
gear side ေရွာင္)
သူကagreement signal ၿဖစ္တ့ဲ rule 34 c (ii) “one prolonged, one short, one
prolonged and one short blast, in that order”ေပးၿပီး action ယူၿပီး starboard side
ကို alter co လုပ္သာြ းရင္ Port side ကို available depth of water, overtaking
vessel, navigational hazards, clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
27
Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b) two short blast on my whistle or two flash :
I’m altering my course to port ေပးၿပီး Alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။ rule 9 e (ii)
အရ narrow channel ထဲမွာ overtaking လုပ္ရင္ rule 13 overtaking vessel ရဲ႕
obligation ကို ကင္းလြတ္ခြင့္မၿပဳဘူးလို႕ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ overtaking vessel က သူ႕ရဲ႕
clear side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ၿဖတ္ၿပီး finally pass and clear
28
TSS
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို
frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္တယ္။ RULE 13 (b)မွာအၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕
22.5 ံ abaft her beam ကေန coming up ၿဖစ္လာလို႔ or အၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕
astern light ကိုၿမင္ၿပီး both side light ကိုမၿမင္ရလုိ႔ overtaking situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Overtaking situation မွာ overtaking vessel က to be overtaken vessel ကို rule 13
(a) အရ keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။ Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b)
two short blast on my whistle or two flash : I’m altering my course to port
ေပးၿပီး Alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe
distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my course and speed
ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
29
VESSEL ENGAGED IN TRAWLING
(A) Vessel engaged in trawling,making way through the water when shooting
their net (I’ntnal code of signal “Z”)
(B) Vessel engaged in trawling, making way through the water when hauling
their net(I’ntnal code of signal “G”)
(C) Vessel engaged in trawling, making way through the water when the net
has comes fast upon an obstruction (I’ntnal code of signal “P”)
underway and making way through the water
seeing from:
above the other and international code of signal “P,G,Z”

30
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို
for (D) rule 9 (d) အရ vessel တစ္စီးဟာ narrow channel ထဲမွာ other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕
safe passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။
impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impeded က not to be
(part B steering and sailing rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀လိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
RULE 13 (b)မွာအၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕ 22.5 ံ abaft her beam ကေန coming up
ၿဖစ္လာလို႔ or အၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕ astern light ကိုၿမင္ၿပီး both side light
overtake you on your port side” ေပးၿပီး သူ႔action ကို ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ပါမယ္။( net side
ေရွာင္)
31
သူကagreement signal ၿဖစ္တ့ဲ rule 34 c (ii) “one prolonged, one short, one
prolonged and one short blast, in that order”ေပးၿပီး action ယူၿပီး starboard side
ကို alter co လုပ္သာြ းရင္ Port side ကို available depth of water, overtaking
vessel, navigational hazards, clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b) two short blast on my whistle or two flash : I’m
altering my course to port ေပးၿပီး Alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။ rule 9 e (ii) အရ
narrow channel ထဲမွာ overtaking လုပ္ရင္ rule 13 overtaking vessel ရဲ႕ obligation
ကို ကင္းလြတ္ခြင့္မၿပဳဘူးလို႕ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ overtaking vessel က သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side
ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ၿဖတ္ၿပီး finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္
resume my course and speed ၿပန္လုပ္ပါမယ္။
32
TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕
ကိုမၿမင္ရလုိ႔ overtaking situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ Overtaking situation မွာ overtaking
vessel က to be overtaken vessel ကို rule 13 (a) အရ keep out of the way
လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
altering my course to port ေပးၿပီး Alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side
33
(D) Vessel engaged in trawling, less than 50m in length, making way through
the water when hauling their net (I’ntnal code of signal “G”)
underway and making way through the water
seeing from:

34
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
rule 9 (d) အရ vessel တစ္စီးဟာ narrow channel ထဲမွာ other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕ safe
passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။ impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့ vsl
က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impeded က not to be impeded ကို take early
whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့ဲအခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ ROC
အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ fishing vessel တစ္စီး ကို keep out of the
ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 8 e အရ master ကို inform လုပ္ျပီး reduce speed လုပ္ရပါမယ္။ rule 8
d အရ safe distance နဲ႔ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ ထိ great caution
နဲ႔ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။
35
TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ fishing vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕
sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 34 d maneuvering and
warning signal at least five short and rapid blast က္ို on my whistle
မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ ROC likely to
developed ၿဖစ္ေနရာက ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာပါတယ္။
rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ fishing vessel တစ္စီး ကို keep out
of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel
တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and substantial action to keep well clear
starboard side မွာ သူၿဖတ္သာြ းေတာ့ alter co to port လုပ္ပါမယ္။
Port side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards,
line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
36
Rule 27
VESSELS NOT UNDER COMMAND OR RESTRICTED IN THEIR ABILITY TO

MANOEUVRE
vessel not under command no making way seeing from any direciton
Day signal : Two black balls in a vertical line where they can best be seen
separated by a tack line keeping the shapes at least 1.5m apart
37
Situation
NUC no making way Narrow channel

ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ NUC no making way ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို
ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေန တဲ့ အခါမွာ rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးက NUC
တစ္စီးကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ
give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and substantial action to keep
well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
rule 8 (a) အရ observance of good seamanship ၿဖင့္ NUC vessel ကို wind
ward side ကေရွာင္ေပးရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ wind ward side က ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ starboard
side ၿဖစ္လုိ႔ starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
38
NUC no making way TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ NUC vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕
ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ rule 10 (a) အရ any other rule ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔

rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးက NUC ကို keep out of the way
လုပ္ေပးရ မယ္ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
rule 8 (a) အရ observance of good seamanship ၿဖင့္NUC vessel ကို wind ward
side ကေရွာင္ေပးရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ wind ward side က ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ starboard side
ၿဖစ္လုိ႔ starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards, line ေတြzone ေတြclear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ rule 34 (a) (b) one short blast on my whistle or one flash : I’m
altering my course to starboard ေပးၿပီး Alter co to starboard လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕
starboard side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear
39
MANOEUVRE
NUC seeing from astern

vessel not under command making way through the water seeing from
astern
40
NUC making way seeing from astern Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ NUC making way seeing from astern
ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass
brg of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist
ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 7 d (ii) အရ when an appreciable bearing change is evident,
particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when
overtake you on your port side” ေပးၿပီး သူ႔action ကို ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ပါမယ္။
သူက NUC ဆိုတ့ဲအတြက္ some exceptional circumstance is unable to
manowuvre as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of
the way of another vessel မို႔လို႔ action မယူနုိင္ပါဘူး။ သူaction မယူနုိင္လို႔ rule 8e
အရ master ကို inform လုပ္ၿပီး reduce speed လုပ္ပါမယ္။သူ႔ေနာက္ကေန safe
distance နဲ႔ follow လိုက္ပါမယ္။
Sufficient sea room ရွိတ့အ
ဲ ခ်ိန္ထိ follow လုပ္ၿပီး မွ safe distance နဲ႔ ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။
41
NUC making way seeing from astern TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ NUC vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕
ကိုမၿမင္ရလုိ႔ overtaking situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ rule 13 a အရ overtaking situation
မွာ overtaking vessel က to be overtaken vessel ကို keep out of the way
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က keep clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။ rule 8 (a)
အရ observance of good seamanship ၿဖင့္ NUC vessel ကို wind ward side
ကေရွာင္ေပးရမွာၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ wind ward side က ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ starboard side ၿဖစ္လုိ႔
starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational
hazards, line ေတြzone ေတြclear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
42
RULE 30 ANCHOR VESSEL AND VESSEL AGROUND
(2) (B):vessel not under command making way through the water seeing from
astern
(3) (B): aground vessel less than 50m seeing from any direction and
(4) (B): aground vessel any length seeing from ahead or astern
day signal : Three black balls in a vertical line where they can best be seen
Sound signal:
in R.V :
Three separate and distinct strokes before and after the rapid ringing of the
bell for five seconds at an interval of not more than one minute. & I’ntnal flag
“U”
In a vessel of 100m or more in length. She will sound three separate and
distinct strokes on the bell followed by a rapid ringing of the bell, for about
five seconds, followed by a further three strokes on the bell in the fore part,
and immediately after that the gong signal will be sounded in the after part of
the vessel at the interval of not more than one minute.
43
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ aground vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို
(A) Ahead or nearly ahead မွာ aground vessel ကိုေတြ႔တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ master ကို inform
လုပ္ပါမယ္။
(B) Stop engine or take all way off if necessary
(C) Echo sounder open
(D) Contact with VHF to ask information about draught, tide, time
(E) Plot on chart the position both vessel
(F) Draw a new co and track line
(G) Approved from Master and follow the master instructions
44
VESSEL RESTRICTED IN HER ABILITY TO MANOEUVRE
Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at any length

Underway and making way through the water
Seeing from her starboard side.
Day signal : three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The
highest and the lowest of these shpapes shall be balls and the
middle one is diamond.
45
Situation
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ VRM vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
rule 9 (d) အရ vessel တစ္စီးဟာ narrow channel ထဲမွာ other vsl တစ္စီးရဲ႕
safe passage ကို impede ၿဖစ္ေစေသာ crossing နဲ႔ မၿဖတ္ရပါဘူး။ impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့
vsl က Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impedeက not to be impeded ကို take early
whistle မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ action မယူလို႔ ROC

အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ VRM vessel တစ္စီး ကို keep out of the way
ဲ ထိ great caution နဲ႔
ေစာင့္ပါမယ္။
46
TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in
towing ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
rule 10 K,L အရVRM တစ္စီး ဟာ TSS ထဲမွာ exemption ရမရ ကို MSI Information
ကို check ပါမယ္။ exemption မရတဲ့ vessel ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ VRM တစ္စီး
ကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give
way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and substantial action to keep well
clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
ဲ ထိ great caution နဲ႔
ေစာင့္ပါမယ္။
finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my course and speed လုပ္ပါမယ္။
47

Seeing from
highest and the lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the
48
Situation
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ VRM ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass brg of an approaching vessel
does not appreciably change ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 7 d (ii) အရ
when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching
a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range
ဆိုတဲ့အတြက္ ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးဟာ VRM တစ္စီး ကို keep out of the
action ကို take early and substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။ ္
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က Narrow channel ထဲမွာ rule 9 (a) အရ starboard side က္ိုas is safe
and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာ တဲ့အတြက္ starboard side က available depth
of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ
check ပါမယ္။
clear side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္
49
Situation
TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in
towing ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
rule 10 K,L အရVRM တစ္စီး ဟာ TSS ထဲမွာ exemption ရမရ ကို MSI
Information ကို check ပါမယ္။ exemption မရတဲ့ vessel ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ chart ေပၚမွာ
both vessel position ကို plot လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါ သူ Lane မွားေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ “YG”
you appear not to comply with TSS ေပးၿပီး ့္ rule 34 d maneuvering and
warning signal at least five short and rapid blast က္ို on my whistle
မွာေပးပါတယ္။ သူ႕action ကိုေစာင့္ၾကည့္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ သူ က VRM မို႕ action မယူနိုင္လို႔
rule 10 (a) အရ any other rule ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔ rule 18 a အရ power driven
vessel တစ္စီးဟာ VRM တစ္စီး ကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္
ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and
substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။ ္ starboard side က
available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards, line or zone
ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
50
For (B) :Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre any length at anchor.
Seeing from her port side.
middle one is diamond. For at anchor , One black ball in the
fore part where it can best be seen
& I’ntnal flag “R”
51
Situation
Land fall navigation or open sea
ကၽႊန္ေတာ္က Land fall navigation or open sea မွာ ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕ track ေပၚမွာ rule 5
lookout and rule 6 safe speed အရ ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕ course ကို maintain လုပ္ၿပီး follow
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ VRM at anchor တစ္စီးကိုေတြ႕လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
လုပ္တဲ႕အခါမွာrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does
not appreciably change ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 7 d (ii) အရ when an
appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very
large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range
Part B steering and sailing rule မွာ rule 8 (a) အရ observance of good
seamanship ၿဖင့္VRM at anchor vessel ကို down wind and down stream side က
ေရွာင္ ေပး ရ မွာ ၿဖစ္ ပါ တယ္။ down wind and down stream side က ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ
starboard side ၿဖစ္လုိ႔ starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking
vessel, navigational hazards ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
52
for For (C) 1 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre underway and
making way through the water seeing from astern
53
VRM Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ head or nearly ahead မွာ VRM making way seeing from astern
ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass
brg of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist
ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 7 d (ii) အရ when an appreciable bearing change is evident,
particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when
RULE 13 (b)မွာအၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕ 22.5 ံ abaft her beam ကေန coming
up ၿဖစ္လာလို႔ or အၿခား vessel တစ္စီးရဲ႕ astern light ကိုၿမင္ၿပီး both side light
(i) မွ two prolonged blast followed by ONE short blast to mean “I intend to
overtake you on your STARBOARD side” ေပးၿပီး သူ႔action ကို ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ပါမယ္။
သူက VRM ဆိုတ့အ
ဲ တြက္unable to keep out of the way of another vessel မို႔လို႔
action မယူနုိင္ပါဘူး။ သူaction မယူနုိင္လို႔ rule 8e အရ master ကို inform လုပ္ၿပီး
reduce speed လုပ္ပါမယ္။သူ႔ေနာက္ကေန safe distance နဲ႔ follow လိုက္ပါမယ္။
Sufficient sea room ရွိတ့အ
ဲ ခ်ိန္ထိ follow လုပ္ၿပီး မွ safe distance နဲ႔ ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။
54
VRM TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ VRM vessel ကိ ုေတြ႕
at close range ဆိုတ့ဲအတြက္ ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 10 K,L အရVRM တစ္စီး
ဟာ TSS ထဲမွာ exemption ရမရ ကို MSI Information ကို check ပါမယ္။ exemption
မရတဲ့ vessel ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ကိုမၿမင္ရလုိ႔ overtaking situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ rule 13 a အရ overtaking situation
မွာ overtaking vessel က to be overtaken vessel ကို keep out of the way
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က keep clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။ starboard
side ကို available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards, line
ေတြzone ေတြclear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
55
For (C) 2 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at anchor

any length seeing from ahead or astern
For (C) 3 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at anchor less than 50
m seeing from any direction
in R.V : interval of not more than two minutes & I’ntnal flag “R”
56
Land fall navigation or open sea
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ VRM at anchor တစ္စီးကိုေတြ႕လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
လုပ္တဲ႕အခါမွာrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does
Part B steering and sailing rule မွာ rule 8 (a) အရ observance of good
seamanship ၿဖင့္VRM at anchor vessel ကို down wind and down stream side က
ေရွာင္ ေပး ရ မွာ ၿဖစ္ ပါ တယ္။ down wind and down stream side က ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရ့ဲ
starboard side ၿဖစ္လုိ႔ starboard side ကို available depth of water, overtaking
vessel, navigational hazards ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
57
A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre engaged in pushing ahead

Underway
58
VRM PUSHING narrow channel
Narrow channel
ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေန တဲ့ အခါမွာ rule 18 a အရ power driven vessel တစ္စီးက
VRM တစ္စီးကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule
16 အရ give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and substantial action to
keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
safe and practicable နဲ႔ follow လုပ္လာ တဲ့အတြက္ starboard side က available
depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational hazards ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check
ပါမယ္။
သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side ကေန rule 8 (d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ finally pass and clear
59
Situation
VRM PUSHING IN TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ Power Driven Vessel
engaged in pushing ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i)
အရ if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 7 d (ii) အရ when an appreciable bearing
change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow
or when approaching a vessel at close range ဆိုတ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ROC exist
ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 10 K,L အရVRM တစ္စီး ဟာ TSS ထဲမွာ exemption ရမရ ကို MSI
Information ကို check ပါမယ္။ exemption မရတဲ့ vessel ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
rule 10 a အရ any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမယ္ဆိုလို႕ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနရင္
rule 18 a အရ responsibility between vessel မွာ ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေန တဲ့ အခါမွာ
power driven vessel တစ္စီးက VRM တစ္စီးကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ
ၿဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take
early and substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
starboard side က available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။ Clear ၿဖစ္ရင္
rule 34 (a) (b) one short blast on my whistle or one flash : I’m altering my
course to starboard ေပးၿပီး Alter co to starboard လုပ္ပါမယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ clear side
60
(2) Vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, probably 50m or

more in length, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
making way through the water.
Two all roung red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate
the side on which the obstruction exists.
Two all round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to
indicate the side on which another vessel may pass.
Rigid replica of Flag 'A' for a vessel engaged in diving operations ..
Sound signal: ၊၊၊၊၊???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
61
Situation
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in under
water operation ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ
if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 18 a အရ responsibility between vessel မွာ power
driven vessel တစ္စီးက VRM at under water operationတစ္စီးကို keep out of the
Two all round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the
side on which another vessel may pass side ကေနၿဖတ္ရပါမယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ port side က available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational
62
Situation
TSS
engaged in under water operation ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
လုပ္တဲ့အခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does
ဆိုတဲ့အတြက္ ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ rule 10 K,L အရVRM တစ္စီး ဟာ TSS ထဲမွာ
exemption ရမရ ကို MSI Information ကို check ပါမယ္။ exemption ရတဲ့ vessel
ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္သူက TSS ထဲမွာ rule ကိုမလိုက္နာပါဘူး၊။ကၽႊန္ေတာ္က 10 a အရ
any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာ ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 18 a အရ
responsibility between vessel မွာ power driven vessel တစ္စီးက VRM at under
water operationတစ္စီးကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္
substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ port side က available depth of water, overtaking vessel, navigational
63
Vessel engaged in DREDGING or underwater operations, probably 50m or

more in length, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre making way
through the water
DREDGER မွာ side light + VRM light ပါပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား

64
Situation
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ dredging တစ္စီး ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို
driven vessel တစ္စီးက VRM dredging တစ္စီးကို keep out of the way
ဒါေၾကာင့္ starboard side က available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
65
Situation
TSS
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ dredging ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕
rule 10 K,L အရVRM တစ္စီး ဟာ TSS ထဲမွာ exemption ရမရ ကို MSI Information
ကို check ပါမယ္။ exemption ရတဲ့ vessel ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္သူက TSS ထဲမွာ rule
ကိုမလိုက္နာပါဘူး၊။
ကၽႊန္ေတာ္က 10 a အရ any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာ ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC exist ၿဖစ္ေနရင္
rule 18 a အရ responsibility between vessel မွာ power driven vessel တစ္စီးက
VRM dredging တစ္စီးကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္
substantial action to keep well clear လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ starboard side က available depth of water, overtaking vessel,
navigational hazards, line or zone ေတြ clear ရွိမရွိ check ပါမယ္။
66
a Vessel engaged in mine clearance operations 50m or more in length,

underway
seeing from her starboard side
day signal : One of these balls shall be exhibited at the foremast head
and one at each end of the fore yard.
67
Situation
Narrow channel
ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ ahead or nearly ahead မွာ Power Driven Vessel engaged in under
water operation ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check လုပ္တ့အ
ဲ ခါrule 7 d(i) အရ
if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
driven vessel တစ္စီးက mine clearance operation vessel တစ္စီးကို keep out of
the way လုပ္ေပးရမွာ ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္က rule 16 အရ give way vessel
တစ္စီးရဲ့ action ကို take early and substantial action to keep well clear
(A) Ahead or nearly ahead မွာ mine clearance vessel ကိုေတြ႔တ့ဲအတြက္ master
ကို inform လုပ္ပါမယ္။
(B) Stop engine or take all way off if necessary
(C) Echo sounder open
(D) Contact with VHF to ask information about instrucion
(E) Plot on chart the position both vessel
(F) Draw a new co and track line with rule 27 f (1000) m wide part
(G) Approved from Master and follow the master instructions
68
situation
TSS
engaged in under water operation ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently check
လုပ္တဲ့အခါrule 7 d(i) အရ if the compass brg of an approaching vessel does
ကိုမလိုက္နာပါဘူး၊။ကၽႊန္ေတာ္က 10 a အရ any other rule ကို လိုက္နာရမွာ ၿဖစ္လို႔ROC
exist ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ rule 18 a အရ responsibility between vessel မွာ power driven
vessel တစ္စီးက mine clearance operation vessel တစ္စီးကို keep out of the way
• Ahead or nearly ahead မွာ mine clearance vessel ကိုေတြ႔တ့ဲအတြက္ master ကို
inform လုပ္ပါမယ္။
• Stop engine or take all way off if necessary
• Echo sounder open
• Contact with VHF to ask information about instrucion
• Plot on chart the position both vessel
• Draw a new co and track line with rule 27 f (1000) m wide part
• Approved from Master and follow the master instructions
69
RULE 28 VESSELS CONSTRAINED BY THEIR DRAUGHT
Vessel constrained by her draught, underway, probably 50m or more in length

Underway
Seeing from her starboard side
Day signal: A black cylinder where it can best be seen
Sound signal: One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an interval
70
Situation
Landfall navigation or open sea
လုပ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ့္ရဲ႕ port bow မွာ VCD ကိ ုေတြ႕ လို႕ brg ကို frequently
Rule 18 d (i) မွာ any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a
vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the
case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her
draught, exhibiting the signals in rule 28. လို႔ ဆိုထားတဲ့အတြက္ power driven
vessel က VCD ကို keep out of the way လုပ္ေပးရပါမယ္။
Rule 8 f (i) အရ vsl not to impeded က not to be impeded ကို take early action
to allow sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိပါတယ္။ROC likely to developed
ၿဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ port ကိုေကြ႕နုိင္ပါတယ္။ rule 17 not yet apply.
rule 8 d အရ safe distance နဲ႔ finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္တ့အ
ဲ ထိ great caution
နဲ႔ၿဖတ္ပါမယ္။
OR
Early position မွာ ROC recognize ၿဖစ္ၿပီး မcheck မိလို႔ ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာခဲ့ရင္ rule 8
f (ii) အရ impede မလုပ္ရတဲ့vessel က rule 8 f(i) မွာ action မယူမိလို႔ ROC involved
ၿဖစ္လာခဲ့ရင္ လည္း Rule 8 f (i) မွာေဖာ္ၿပထားေသာ obligation ၿဖစ္တ့ဲ take early
action to allow sufficient sea room ေပးဖို႔တာ၀န္ ရွိတ့အ
ဲ ၿပင္ part B steering and
sailing Rule ကို အၿပည့္အ၀ လိုက္နာဖို႔တာ၀န္ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ rule 15 crossing
situation ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ကၽႊန္ေတာ္က stand on ၿဖစ္ၿပီး သူက give way ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Rule 17 a (ii) အရ give way vessel က action မယူလို႔ ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာခဲ့ရင္ stand
on vessel က by her manoeuvre alone နဲ႔ ေရွာင္ေပးရပါမယ္။အဲလိုေရွာင္တ့အ
ဲ ခါမွာ
rule 17 c မွာေဖာ္ၿပထားတဲ့အတိုင္း port side မွာရွိတ့ဲvessel ေတြအတြက္ port side ကို
မေကြ႔ရပါဘူး။ land fall navigation မွာ engine stand by မရွိေသးတဲ့အတြက္ bolt
71
alteration နဲ႔ starboard ေကြ႕ၿပီး one round turn ေပးပါမယ္။ သူ႔ရ့ဲastern ကေန rule 8
(d) အရ safe distance နဲ႕ ၿဖတ္ၿပီး finally pass and clear ၿဖစ္ရင္ resume my
TSS ထဲမွာ စက္ေလွ်ာ့တာအေကာင္းဆံုးပါခင္ဗ်ား

72
RULE 23 POWER DRIVEN VSL UNDERWAY
A power driven underway

if MHL , vsl less than 20 m
if ARL, vsl less than 12 m
Day Signal : nill
Sound Signal in RV: at interval of not more than two minutes one prolong
blast if underway and making way. If underway but not making way, two
prolong blast at interval of not more than 2 min.
73
RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING AHEAD
(A) Power Driven Vessel probably 50m or more in length, towing with a length
of tow more than 200m
(B) Power Driven Vessel probably 50m or more in length, towing with a length
of tow not more than 200m
1. Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing with a length of
tow more than 200m
(C ) Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, engaged in pushing ahead
not Being part of a composite unit.
Underway
Seeing from
Day signal : for (C ) Nill
74

towed.
75
(A)Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing a dragcone An

than 100m in length with a length of tow not more than 200m
(B) Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing a dragcone An
than 100m in length with a length of tow more than 200m
Underway
Seeing from her port side
Day signal: A diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity and if the
length of tow exceeds 200m, an additional diamond shape
located as far forward as is practicable.
76
RULE 25 SAILING VESSEL UNDERWAY AND VESSEL UNDER OARS
4. Sailing Vessel showing optional sailing lights

5. Sailing Vessel
6. Sailing Vessel less than 20m in length showing side lights and stern light
in a combined lantern (head on)
underway
seeing from
day signal : A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by
machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a black conical
shape, apex downwards.

in R.V interval of not more than two minutes
77
RULE 26 FISHING VESSELS
1. Vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, with outlying gear

extending more than 150m from the vessel, not making way through
the water
2. vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, making way through the
water
3. Vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, with outlying gear
extending more than 150m from the vessel, underway and making way
through the water
Underway :
Seeing from:
above the other

78
VESSEL ENGAGED IN TRAWLING
IF 50 M OR MORE IN LENGTH MHL FITTED.

(A) Vessel engaged in trawling,making way through the water when shooting
their net (I’ntnal code of signal “Z”)
(B) Vessel engaged in trawling, making way through the water when hauling
their net(I’ntnal code of signal “G”)
(C) Vessel engaged in trawling, making way through the water when the net
has comes fast upon an obstruction (I’ntnal code of signal “P”)
(D) Vessel engaged in trawling, less than 50m in length, making way through
the water when hauling their net (I’ntnal code of signal “G”)
underway
seeing from:

79
Rule 27

MANOEUVRE
NUC : moment မကုန္ေသးရင္ MHL ပိတ္၊ side light and stern light ကို ဖြင့္ထားတယ္။
(1) (A) : vessel not under command no making way seeing from any direciton
astern OR
for (1)A ,2(B)
in R.V : interval of not more than two minutes(1)A ,2(B)
80
vessel not under command no making way seeing from any direciton
81
astern
82
day signal : Three black balls in a vertical line where they can best be seen
Sound signal:
in R.V Three separate and distinct strokes before and after the rapid
ringing of the bell for five seconds at an interval of not more than one
minute. & I’ntnal flag “U”
In a vessel of 100m or more in length. She will sound three separate and
distinct strokes on the bell followed by a rapid ringing of the bell, for about
five seconds, followed by a further three strokes on the bell in the fore part,
and immediately after that the gong signal will be sounded in the after part of
the vessel at the interval of not more than one minute
83
VESSEL RESTRICTED IN HER ABILITY TO MANOEUVRE
Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at any length

Seeing from her starboard side.
84

Seeing from
85
VESSEL RESTRICTED IN HER ABILITY TO MANOEUVRE ANY LENGTH AT

ANCHOR.
For (B) :Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre any length at anchor.
Seeing from her port side.
& I’ntnal flag “R”
86
For (C) 1 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre underway and making
way through the water seeing from astern or
For (C) 2 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at anchor any length
seeing from ahead or astern
for For (C) 1

87
For (C) 1 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre underway and making
way through the water seeing from astern or
for For (C) 1

88
For (C) 2 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at anchor

any length seeing from ahead or astern
in R.V : interval of not more than two minutes & I’ntnal flag “R”
89
(1) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre engaged in pushing ahead

(2) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre any length engaged in
diving operation.
90
(1) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre engaged in pushing ahead

91
(2) Vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, probably 50m or

more in length, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
making way through the water.
Rigid replica of Flag 'A' for a vessel engaged in diving operations ..
92
a Vessel engaged in mine clearance operations 50m or more in length,

underway
seeing from her starboard side
day signal : One of these balls shall be exhibited at the foremast head
and one at each end of the fore yard.
93
Vessel engaged in DREDGING or underwater operations, probably 50m or

more in length, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre making way
through the water
DREDGER မွာ side light + VRM light ပါပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား

94
RULE 28 VESSELS CONSTRAINED BY THEIR DRAUGHT
Vessel constrained by her draught, underway, probably 50m or more in length

Underway
Seeing from her starboard side
Day signal: A black cylinder where it can best be seen
Sound signal: One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an interval
95
A power driven vessel engaged in towing operation

Under way
Seeing from her astern

towed.
96
GM ရွာနည္း ၃ နည္းရိွတယ္
Final GM ,GZ curve and rolling period
Timber deck cargo
Stowage: 1. hatch cover , deck ေအာက္ မွာ ရွိတ့ဲ opening ေတြကို close and
bottom down လုပ္ရမယ္။
2. air pipe ventilatorကို မထိခိုက္ေအာင္ protect လုပ္ေပးရမယ္။
3. deck ေပၚတြင္ice and snow နွင့္စုပံုေနပါက ဖယ္ရွား ေပးရမယ္။
4. deck lashing and uprightမ်ားကို before loading မွာ စစ္ရမယ္။
5. means of asses ကို ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈမၿဖစ္ေစရ။
Stability: 1. timber deck cargo တင္ရာတြင္ height of timberသည္ navigation

ကို အေႏွာက္အယွက္မၿဖစ္ေစရ။
2. Throughout of voyage မွာample stabilityကို maintain လုပ္နုိင္ရမယ္။
3. Maximum permissible load of weather deck and hatch cover
ထက္ေက်ာ္လန
ြ ္ေအာင္မတင္ရ။
4. Ship side ကိုတစ္ဖက္ေစာင္းနင္းၿဖစ္ေစေသာ အၿမင့္အထိမတင္ရ။
Lashing: 1. every lashingသည္ timber deck cargo အားလုံးကိုpasses overလုပ္ၿပီး

shackle to independent eye plate မွာလုပ္ရမည္။
2. upright မ်ားသည္ adequate strengthရွိရမည္။secure adequately to the

deck. Upright မ်ား၏ Lashing space သည္ height of cargo 4m ထက္မေက်ာ္ရင္
not more than 3m.height of cargo 4mထက္ေက်ာ္ရင္ Upright မ်ား၏ lashing
spaceသည္ not more than 1.5m. Timber deck cargo ကိုhatch
coverမ်ားအထက္တြင္ဆက္ ျပီးတင္ရင္ system of athwartship lashing (hog
lashing) ၿဖင့္port and starboard uprightကို joint လုပ္ရမည္။
3. deck cargo loading ၿပိီးလွ်င္ lashing system ကို tighting up

97
လုပ္ရန္အတြက္wiggle wire ကို series of snatch block သံုး၍ tight လုပ္ရမည္။
wiggle wire တြင္ quick release system ၿဖစ္ရမည္။
98
What is the different of permissible deck load and load density?
Same because permissible deck load is used in general cargo and load density
is used in container ships.
Storm valve?
Used in passenger ships to prevent for coming sea water when heavy weather
at scupper pipe.
Main hazards of bulk cargoes are as follows

1. Liquefaction
2. Cargo shifting
3. Structural damage due to improper distribution
4. Chemical hazards
5. Other health hazards
LOADING BULK COAL

1. Cargo space bilges clean and dry carried out.
2. Previous traces of cargo and any residue should be remove.
3. Electrical cable and component are good condition and also adjacent
space.
4. Must be carry Methane, carbon monoxide, and PH valve measuring
equipments. Toxic gas, oxygen analyzer and explosimeter) etc.
5. Temperature measuring equipments from 0 ံC မွ 100 ံ C.
6. SOLAS အရ SCBA ရွိရမည္။
7. Coal cargo ကို hot area ႏွင့္ နီးကပ္စာြ မတင္ရ။
8. After completed the cargo loading, trim the cargo until reasonable level.
99
Equipment 4 နဲ႔ နီးကပ္စာြ မတင္ရ။
Coal cargo ၏ characteristic ေတြကေတာ့

1. They may emit flammable gases.
2. A tendency to self heat.
3. Oxidation
4. Reaction with water
5. Liquefaction hazards
Ventilation ဘယ္အခ်ိန္ေပးမလဲ။
Ventilation for
1. to prevent ship sweat
2. to remove taint or smell of previous cargoes
3. to prevent build up of dangerous gases
4. to supply fresh air to live cargoes
5. to remove heat that is given by certain cargoes.
100
3 Degree Method And Dewpoint Methods
dewpoint methods :Dewpoint temperature of cargo hold is higher than

dewpoint temperature of outside air, ventilation carried out.
3degree method: cargo hold outside air dry bulb temperature သည္ loading
time မွာ cargo hold average temperature ထက္ 3 ံC ပိုေအးေနလွ်င္ ventilation
ေပးရမည္။
SHIP SWEAT
Outside air dew point temp သည္ Cargo hold အတြင္းရွိ dew point temp
ထက္နည္း လွ်င္ ship sweat ျဖစ္ေပၚသည္။ ( ပူ ရာမွ ေအး သေဘာၤေခၽြး)
အထဲမွာပိုပူရင္ ship sweat ၿဖစ္ေပၚသည္။ ventilation ေပးရမည္။
CARGO SWEAT
SWEAT
Cargo hold အတြင္း ရွိ air dew point temp သည္ outside dew point temp
ထက္နည္း လွ်င္ cargo sweat ျဖစ္ေပၚသည္။ ventilation ရပ္ရမည္။ (ေအးရာမွပူ cargo
ယူ)
Tanker pipeline system

1. Ring main system
2. Direct line system
3. Free flow system
4. Cruciform system
101
1. Ring main system

Old types of product tanker မွာသံုးသည္။
Advantage: any pump သည္ any tank ကို discharge လုပ္နို္င္သည္။ Good
segregation
Disadvantage: expensive bends and joints ေတြအမ်ားၾကီးလုိအပ္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္
construction and maintenance due ေတြပ္ိုကုန္တယ္။
poor flow rate (bends ေတြမ်ားလြန္းလို႔)
2. direct line system (VLCC မွာ generally found)

Advantage: fast loading and discharging
Cheep to construction
Cheep Maintenance coast
Reduce line washing time
Disadvantage: not very versatile and 2 or 2 အထက္ grades ေတြကို handle
မလုပ္နိင္။ Poor segregation
3. free flow system

Discharge and turnaround time အရမ္းၿမန္တယ္။
General fitted to large crude oil tankers(early 1970)
Advantage: fast loading, discharging

Sluice valve ေတြကို tank jointing BDH မွာတပ္ထားတဲ့အတြက္ tank ေတြမွ
pump room သို႔ very fast flow ျဖင့္စီးဆင္းနိုင္တယ္။ efficient line and tank
drainage အရမ္းေကာင္းတယ္။
Disadvantage : carriage of more than one grade virtually impossible.
102
: carriage of more than one grade virtually impossible.
4. cruciform system
Ring main system and direct line system မွ advantage မ်ားကို combine
လုပ္ထားတဲ့ system ျဖစ္တယ္။
Advantage: very versatile, allowing two or more grade ကို simultaneously
loaded and discharged လုပ္နိုင္တယ္။
Good segregation between grades
Possible of interchanging system wing spool pieces
Disadvantage: expensive to install
Large no of bends ေတြက line ေတြ cleaning လုပ္ဖို႔ difficult ျဖစ္တယ္။
Cargo securing manual

SOLAS chapter VI ,VII အရထားတာ
All types of ship, other than solid and liquid bulk, engaged in the carriage of
cargoes
Cargo units ေတြအားလံုး ကို C.S.M အရthroughout the voyage မွာ secure and
store လုပ္ရမည္။
C.S.M မွာ chapter 4 ခုရွိတယ္။
Chapter 1 : good seamanship နဲ႔ all securing device ေတြကို good condition မွာ
maintenance လုပ္ဖို႔ general statement ေတြပါတယ္။
Chapter 2 : detail of fixed and portable securing device and their maintenance
scheme ေတြပါတယ္.
Chapter 3 :instruction of handling and safety instruction.
Chapter 4 : handling , safety and securing instruction for container and other
standardized cargoes ေတြပါ။ inspection and maintenance schemeပါတယ္။
103
Maximum securing load

Maximum securing load is a term used to define the allowable load capacity
for a device used to secure cargo to the ship.
Safe working load

Safe working load may be substituted for MSL for securing purpose, provided
this is equal to or exceeds the strength defined by MSL.
Standardized cargo
Approved securing system ကို ship မွာ provide လုပ္ထားၿပီးတဲ့cargo
ကိုပဲေရြးတင္တာပါ။
Semi- standardized cargo

A limited variety of cargo unit အ တြက္ securing system ကို ship မွာ provided
လုပ္ထားတဲ့ cargo such as vehicles, trailers, etc
Non-standardized cargo
Cargo secures individual stowage and securing arrangements.
Carriage of bulk grain

Stability requirements
At all time မွာ ship will have sufficient intact stability to provide adequate
residuall dynamic stability after taking into account the adverse heeling effect
caused by the shift of grain.
1. Maximum list not greater than 12 ံ
A shift of cargo of 15 in every full hold.
A shift of cargo of 25 in any partly filled compartments.
104
2. net residual area between heeling arm curve and righting arm curve up to
40 and to be not less than 0.075m radian
3. initial metacentric height after free surface effect corrected not less than
0.3m
4. as many compartment full as possible.
5. cargo to be trimmed as soon as possible.
Documents require
Grain loading manual
The international grain code.
Documents of authorization (if no have, master must calculate until survivor
satisfied about stability for each hold.

Securing manual : full compartments မွာ longitudinal shifting board ကိုသံုးျပီး
cargo shifting ကို ကာကြယ္နိုင္ပါတယ္။
Partly filled compartments မွာ bagged grain တင္ထားၿခင္း။or ဒါမွမဟုတ္ surface
of grain ေပၚမွာ tarpaulin အုပ္၊ crown of the grain မွာ two solid floor တင္ၿပီး ရင္
wire နဲ႔ lashing လုပ္ရပါမယ္…..
Function of pillar
To support the deck
To transmit the deck load to the bottom structure.
Ordinary pillar
Solid round bar ၿဖစ္ၿပီး သို႔မဟုတ္ tube ၿဖစ္သည္။
Massed pillar
105
Hollow space tubular pillar and broken stowage ကို reduce လုပ္နိုင္တ့ဲ pillar
ေတြၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Loss gear ဆိုတာ lifting appliance ကို permanent တပ္ထားတာမဟုတ္ပဲ

အသံုးျပဳမွတပ္ ၿပီးသံဳးတာကို loss gear ဟုေခၚသည္။
Loss gear Proof load: SWL x 2 times
OOW watch on Dock regulation

Gangway : properly secure, fitted with gangway net, railing 2 တန္း, stanching
2’ 9” and efficient light .
Tween deck : when working at TD , fence about 2’ 6” must be fitted.
Cargo gear: good condition and sufficient work load, certificates and clearly
mark on SWL.
Final KG ကေန effective GM ရွာနည္း

106
Free surface effect correction apply လုပ္မွ effective GM ရမယ္။
Final free surface effect ကို သိခ်င္ရင္ stability booklet မွာ each tank အ တြက္
free surface effect ေၾကာင့္ၿဖစ္လာေသာ moment ကိုေဖာ္ၿပထားတယ္။
Effective GM = final GM –
Finding GM in GZ curve
Information from GZ curve

1. Maximum GZ
2. Maximum GM
3. Angle of roll
4. Angle of stabilitiy
5. Angel of vanishing stability
6. Angle of hell
107
Crude oil washing (COW)

Inert gas system နဲ႔ approved fixed washing equipments ေတြတပ္ထားတဲ့ crude
oil tanker ေတြမွာ crude oil ကို washing medium အၿဖစ္သံဳးနိုင္သည္။
Crude oil washing is method of tank cleaning on a crude oil tanker,by means
of high pressure jet nozzle, with the crude oil cargo itself at pressure 9.10
kg/cm2.
Operation can be perform both at sea and in port.
20000GT နဲ႔အထက္ new crude oil tankerေတြမွာ c.o.w system ကို
fitလုပ္ထားသည္။
Operation procedures
Before arrival မွာ
Tank washing system ကို pressure test နဲ႔ leakage စစ္ရမည္။
All machine ေတြကို operation condition ၿဖစ္ရမည္။
State 1 : full wash nozzle, set to operate between 0 and 140.
State 2 : washing during discharge
Tank 1/3 discharged, nozzle set to operate continuously between 60
and 140.
State 3 : tank 2/3 discharge 25 and 75..
State 4 : bottom washing 0 and 25.
Advantage of C.O.W
1. Reduce Increase of cargo outturn as drainage and deposits
2. Reduce Pre dock cleaning time
3. Reduce Operational pollution
4. Reduce Manual desludging
5. Reduce Ballast passage tank cleaning time
6. Reduce discharging of sea water to shore
108
7. Reduce tank corrosion
Disadvantage
1. Increase work load in port
2. Increase Discharging time
3. Increase vapor emissions
4. Need more training to all crew
5. Possible leakage, because pipe work
6. Expensive installation
Possible C.O.W abort situation

1. Inert gas plant failure
2. High oxygen content in tank
3. Oxygen detector failure
4. Joint or pipeline leakage
5. Tank overflow
6. Emergency alarm
7. Poor wx condition
8. Failure of communication
9. Hydrocarbon emission is exceed of terminal required
Magazine stowage
Type A Fixed magazine structure. This magazine should be close boarded

on Inner side and floors. Although cargo battens are sufficient on
ship’s side and bulkheads if not more than 150mm apart.
Type B fixed magazine structure. Similar to type A but close boarding of

sides and floors is not required.
109
Type C fixed magazine structure. Similar to type B but restriction are
placed on its distance from the ship’s sie.
Pillar and stanchions within the magazine are to be protected by battening but
the bulkhead, which must be clean and free from rust or scale , need not be
battened. The top of the stow must be at least 300mm from deckhead.
Venture effect
River, restrict channel တြင္ bank နားတြင္ ကပ္ေမာင္းေသာ ေၾကာင့္ bank နဲ႔ vsl
ၾကားမွ ေရသည္ flow ၿမန္ေသာ ေၾကာင့္ pressure drop ၿဖစ္သည္။ vsl ရဲ႕ bow မွာ
cushion effect ေပၚလာၿပီး bank နဲ႔ ေ၀းရာ ဘက္သို႔ေရြ႕ သည္။ vls ရဲ႕ astern မွာ bank
suction effected ေၾကာင့္ bank ဘက္သို႔ ေရြ႕သြားသည္။ ၎ကို venture effect
ဟုလည္းေခၚသည္။
110
Emergency wreck marking buoy
Provided a visual and radio aid to navigation and to assist recongnition of

wreck marking. The emergency wreck marking buoy should be retained in
position until:
A. the wreck is well known and has been promulgated in nautical
publications.i.e Notices to Mariners.
B. the wreck has been fully surveyed and exact details such as position
and least depth above the wreck are know.
C. a permanent form of marking of the wreck has been carried out.
Top mark: standing upright yellow cross.

Shapes : pillar , spar
Colour : blue and yellow , equal numbers and dimensions of vertical stripes
(minimum 4 and maximum 8)
Light : alternating blue and yellow flashing light with
1sec blue+0.5sec int+1sec yel+0.5 sec
Range 4 mile
With morse code “D”
111
Compass ကို support လုပ္ထားတဲ့အေကာင္ ကိုဘယ္လိုေခၚသလဲ။
Ans : Binnacle stand
Magnetic compass ကို အုပ္ထားေသာ အဖံုးကို ဘယ္လိုေခၚသလဲ။

Ans : cowl or hood
Compass ေဘးမွ ရွိတ့ဲ အလံုးၾကိီး၂ လံုးကို

Ans : soft iron
Deviation card ကို အသစ္ဘယ္အခ်ိန္လုပ္မလဲ။

Ans : one year one time, docking completed, major repairing completed.
Bulk carrier မွာဘာေတြပါသလဲ။

1. Wind tank
2. Top side tank
3. Hooper tank
Maintenance of magnetic compass

Liquid ကိုcheck လုပ္. Gimble ring ကို လွန္ lubber အစြပ္ကို ဖယ္။ ethyl alcohol 1
ဆ ႏွင့္ distill water 2 ဆ ကို ေဆးထိုးအပ္န႔ထ
ဲ ိုးၿပီး air bubble ေတြဖယ္ထုတ္ရမယ္။
Dim light check and periscope was checked good condition.
Portable fire extinguisher ရဲ႕ အေလးခ်ိန္ဘယ္ေလာက္ရွိသလဲ။

Ans : not more than 23 kg(FSS CODE)
112
Runner wire changing
Runner wire ရဲ႕အစ eye ကိုၿဖတ္ရမည္။ runner အသစ္န႔ဲ wire match or wire
connector နဲ႕ဆက္ၿပီး secure လုပ္၊ အေဟာင္းကို heave up လုပ္ရမည္။ winch
ေပၚေရာက္ ရင္ ရပ္ၿပီး အေဟာင္းကို ဆြထ
ဲ ုတ္ပါ။ အဆံုးမွာ bull dog click နဲ႕ secure
လုပ္ထားတာ ကိုၿဖဳတ္ပါ။ wire အသစ္ကို bull dog click မွာ ၿပန္တပ္ၿပီး wire အသစ္မွာ
grease apply လုပ္ၿပီး လဲရမယ္။
Bulk carrier construction

1. Grain ေတြတင္တ့အ
ဲ တြက္ stiff ၿဖစ္တာမ်ားတဲ့အတြက္ top side tank ရွိရမယ္။
2. Cargo hold must be large or wide such as also longitudinal.
3. Framing typeၿဖစ္ရမည္။ bilges ေတြက ship side တစ္ေလွ်ာက္လံုး မွာမရွိပါ။
dunnage မပါ။ spar ceiling နဲ႔ side battern ေတြမပါ။
4. Tween deck မပါ။ hopper tank ေတြပါတယ္။
Breaking stress
6x12 BS =15D2/500
6x24 BS =20D2/500
6x37 BS =21D2/500
Three type of Speed

Speed over ground(ship speed)
Speed made good(on chart)
Engine speed (RPM)
113
Ocean passage for the world
Deep sea route အတြက္သံုးတာပါ။
သမုဒၵရာတစ္ခုၾကားရွိ port မ်ားအတြက္ recommended track and distance ,
instruction ေတြပါ၀င္ပါသည္။
Mariner hand book

1. Chart, Navigation, aids
2. Regulation of Load Line, ISPS, ISM
3. Tide, Current, Wind force, Cloud, Frontal depression
4. Ice, Ice report, Ice breaker
5. IALA , Flag, Colreg 72, TSS
Chart correction
Pens (0.15 for insert information and 0.25 for delete instruction)
Pencil 2B
Chart correction လုပ္ရာတြင္ ရွိရမည့္ publications
1. Chart correction log (NP 131 A)
2. Cumulative list of admiralty Notice To Mariner
3. Annual summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariner
4. Chart Catalogue
5. Symbols (5011) abbreviation of charts
Terms for chart correction

Insert: မရွိေသးေသာ information ကို အသစ္ထည့္ၿခင္း
Delete: chart information ကို ဖ်က္ၿခင္း၊ မ်ဥ္း ၂ ေၾကာင္းဆြဖ
ဲ ်က္ရမည္။
Move:
Amend: ရွိၿပီးသား information ကို အသစ္ထပ္ထည့္ၿခင္း
Substitute: အစားထိုးၿခင္း
Legend: စာတမး္အသစ္ထပ္ထည့္ၿခင္း
114
Chart keeping system in bridge

Folio (region အလိုက္ထား) (chart catalogue part II Navigational chart
ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ admiralty chart folio ဟုေရးထားသည္။)and numerical system
Type of container
1. General cargo container
2. Thermal container(refer)
3. Bulk cargo container
4. Tank container
5. Open top container
6. Open side container
7. Flat rack container
8. Pen container(for animals)
9. Hide cubic container
Size of container
20”feet : 20x8x8.5 & 20x8x9.5
40”feet: 20x8x8.5 & 20x8x9.5
Lashing equipments
1. Position cone(shoe)
2. Stacking cone
3. Twist lock
4. Bridge fitting
5. Long bar and short bar
6. Turn buckle
115
Stowage plan
BAY ,ROW AND TIER
BAY
Bay မွာ 20” ft က odd number နဲ႔ၿပတယ္(bay 1 ,bay 3 , bay 5,7,9,11)

Bay မွာ 40” ft က even number နဲ႔ၿပတယ္(bay 2,bay 6, bay 10)
Row (transverse view)
Row မွာ ညာဘက္က odd number နဲ႔ပၿဲ ပတယ္။

Row မွာ ဘယ္ဘက္က even number နဲ႔ပဲၿပတယ္။
116
Tier (transverse view)
On deck မွာဆို 82 နဲ႔စတယ္

In hold မွာဆို 02 နဲ႔စတယ္
OOW at container
Understood the stowage plan & not over stack limit
Container (DG, Refer)
Damage ၿဖစ္ရင္ damage report ေရး ၊ေနရာကိုစစ္။ပမာဏကိုစစ္။
Lashing system check, seal check
117
LSA inspection
Weekly inspection
1. All survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances shall be
visually inspected to ensure that they are ready for use.
2. All engines in life boat and rescue boats were checked for ahead
and astern total 3 min operation.
3. General emergency alarm system shall be tested.
Monthly inspection
1. Inspection of life saving appliances, including life boat equipments, shall
be carried out monthly by using checklist to ensure that they are
complete and in good order. Log on all events
Annually inspection
1. Every inflatable life raft, inflatable life jackets and hydrostatic release
unit and marine evacuation system shall be serviced at least 12 month
not more than 17 months.
Dunnage
Purpose of dunnage(ကြဲ၊ခြဲ၊ေလ၊ဆင္း။သပ္။)
1. To prevent chafing of cargo
2. To provide drainage
3. To provide separation of cargo
4. To provide through ventilation
5. To distribute heavy wt on deck (not exceed permissible deck load)
6. To assist stabilize the stowage
7. Secure the cargo
8. Fill in any broken stowage avoid spaces within the cargo stow
9. To prevent deck cargo from wx exposure.
118
Type of dunnage
Permanent dunnage and temporary dunnage
Permanent dunnage
(a)Side battern or spar ceiling
6x2 hardwood ေတြကို side or ends of the cargo hold မွာfitted လုပ္
horizontally or vertically
Horizontally : space 9” apart
Vertically : at least three battern in each frame space
(b) tank top ceiling
Temporary dunnage (ဖ်ာ၊၀ါး၊ၾကိဳး၊၀ါ၊ plastic)

1. 3x3 OR 3x2 hardwood ေတြကို athwartship 18” apart
2. 6x2 or 4x0.5 plank laid on top of athwartship dunnage 4’’
apart(fore& aft)
3. Mats
4. Criss cross bamboo
5. Wire , tyre
6. plastic
119
SOLAS 74 , 88
International convention for the safety of life at sea1974, protocol 1988
Part I & II
Part I မွာ article two & chapter 12 ခု: 74 SOLAS article and 88 protocol article
Chapter 12
Chapter 1: general provision
Chapter 2: 2-I construction, structure, subdivision and stability, machinery
and electrical installations
2-II construction, fire protection, fire detection and fire
Extinction
Chapter 3: life saving appliance and arrangements
Chapter 4: radio communications
Chapter 5: safety of navigation
Chapter 6: carriage of cargoes
Chapter 7: carriage of dangerous cargo
Chapter 8: nuclear ships
Chapter 9: management for the safe operation of ships
Chapter 10:safety measure for high speed craft
Chapter 11:11-I special measure to enhance maritime safety
11-II special measure to enhance maritime security
Chapter 12: additional safety measure for bulk carriers
Appendix certificates
Part II
Annex 1: resolution A 883(21):Global and uniform implementation of the
harmonized system of survey and certicication (HSSC)
Annex 2: certificates and documents required to be carried on board ship
Annex 3: list of resolutions adopted by the SOLAS conferences
Annex 4: regulation 12-2 of chapter II -1 of SOLAS.
120
CODE UNDER SOLAS

Chapter 2: Fire safety system code and fire test procedure code
Chapter 3: life saving appliance code
Chapter 4:
Chapter 5: international code of signal
Chapter 6: code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing
code of safe practice for ship carrying timber deck cargo
code of safe practice for solid bulk cargoes
Chapter 7: IMDG, IBC (I’tnal bulk chemical),IGC(I’tnal Gas carrier),INFcode
International code for the safe carriage of package irradiated
nuclear fuel, plutonium and high level radioactive waste on
board ship
Chapter 8: code of safety for nuclear merchant ships
Chapter 9: I’ntal management code for the safe operation of ships(ISM)
Chapter 10: high speed craft code
Chapter 11:11-I special measure to enhance maritime safety
11-II special measure to enhance maritime security(ISPS code)
Chapter 12: additional safety measure for bulk carriers(BLU code)
IMDG code
International maritime dangerous good code
SOLAS chapter VII အရထား
Volume I & Volume II and supplement (3 books)
2 years one time publication
121
Volume I မွာ
Part 1: General provision , definition , training
Part 2: classification
Part 3:
Part 4: packing and tank provision
Part 5: consignment procedure
Part 6: construction and testing
Part 7: transport operation (segregation table
Volume II
DG list, limited quantities, exemption with UN number
Supplement
1. Ems, MGAG , reporting procedures
2. IMO ,ILO , UN guideline
3. Pesticide
Classification of DG
Class 1: explosives
Class 2: gases
Class 3: flammable liquids
Class 4: 4.1 flammable solids
4.2 substances liable to spontaneous combustion
4.3 substances, which in contact with water, emit flammable gas
Class 5: 5.1 oxidizing substances
organic peroxides
Class 6: 6.1 toxic
infectious substances
Class 7: radioactive material
Class 8: corrosive substances
Class 9: miscellaneous dangerous substances
122
Vsl တစ္စီးမွာရွိရမည့္ documents
Damage: Intact stability booklet
Damage control booklet
MARPOL: Oil record book
SOPEP
GRB
GMP
CARGO: Cargo securing manual
Document of Compliance with special requirements for ship
carrying DG
document of Authorization for the carriage of grain
Stability Booklet
1. Stability information
2. Homogenoue cargo loading and discharging departure and arrival
stability
3. Draft survey
4. F.S.E , KG, Draft, MCTC, LCF etc
5. Trim correction table
Anchoring procedure
1. In water up to 20 m (10 fathom): cable should be let go on the run
allowing about the cable is double the depth.
2. In water more than 20 but less than 50: the anchor should first be
walked back to within say 4 to 5 m from seabed and let go from them.
3. In water more than 100 m: the entire operation of anchoring should bbe
done under power
123
Derrick test(Examination)
Proof load : derrick တစ္ေခ်ာင္း ၏ SWLကို သတ္မွတ္ရန္၎ derrickကို test and
examination လုပ္ရာတြင္သံုးေသာ weight ကို proof loadဟုေခၚသည္။
According to dock regulation

SWL up to 20 Ton: proof load is SWL + 25%
SWL 20 to 50 Ton: proof load is SWL + 5 Ton
SWL over 50 Ton : proof load is SWL + 10%
1. Derrick test မလုပ္မီ all moveable parts, all blocks, shacklesမ်ားကို test and
examine လုပ္ပါ။ good condition ဆိုရင္ derrick ကို full rigged ၿပန္လုပ္ပါ။
2. Derrick ကို double up လုပ္ ပါ။winch ကို double gear ထိုးပါ။ derrick ကို
recommended angle in certificate or 45 ံအထိေထာင္ပါ။
3. Proof load ၿဖင့္ testလုပ္ရာတြင္ moveable block or spring balance or
hydraulicကို သံုးနိုင္သည္။ moveable block ၿဖင့္မရာတြင္advantage မွာ
derrickကို မေနတုန္း swing လုပ္နုိင္သည္။ spring balance ၿဖင့္ testလုပ္ရာတြင္
balance ကို strong point မွာ secure လုပ္ၿပီးေနာက္ hook ၿဖင့္ခ်ိတ္ပါ။runner
wire ကို proof load ေရာက္သည္အထိၿဖည္းၿဖည္း ဆြတ
ဲ င္ပါ။
4. test လုပ္ၿပီး cargo gear မ်ားကို ၿပန္လည္ examine လုပ္ရာတြင္ အထူးသၿဖင့္
goose neck pin ကိုစစ္ပါ။
5. test and examination လုပ္လုိ႔ satisfy ၿဖစ္လွ်င္ test certificates issue
လုပ္ေပးသည္။
124
DOCK REGULATION (FACTORY ACT (ILO 152)
သေဘာၤမ်ား dock or wharf or quay တြင္ loading and discharging ျပဳလုပ္စဥ္။
သေဘာၤေပၚ တြင္ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနေသာ labours and seamen မ်ား
လုပ္ငန္းခြင္အဆင္ေျပေစရန္ ၊ safety ျဖစ္ေစ ရန္ ILO ကထုတ္ျပန္ထားေသာ regulation
ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
Part I Safety Measure At Dock Wharves And Quays

1. Dangerous parts of corner မ်ားတြင္ fence (2’6”) ကာထားရမည။္
2. LSA ready (light buoy or light jackets)
3. Efficient lighting in all places
4. First aid boxes and ambulance facilities
Part II Access To And From Ship And Part Of The Ship

Access to and from ship
1. Accommodation ladder or similar access ကို properly secure လုပ္ရမည္။
Accommodation ladder သည္-Length 22 ’’ Fenced-2’ 9” rail rope 2 ေခ်ာင္း
2. Safety net ပါရွိရမည္။၄င္း ladder သည္ (strong construction, adequate
length, non slip surface, platform and roller ) ပါရွိရမည္။
Alongside the ships

1. သေဘာၤနွစ္စီး alongside လုပ္ထားလွ်င္ free board ျမင့္ေသာ သေဘာၤက
နိမ့္ေသာ သေဘာၤကို DOT (department of trade ladder –aluminum
နဲ႔လုပ္ထား/ ship side နဲ႔ခ်ိတ္ဖို႔ 2 hocks ပါ) တပ္ဆင္ထားရမည္္။
Access to hold
1. 5 ေပထက္ျမင့္ေသာ hatches မ်ားတြင္ ladder ပါရမည္။
2. Ladder တြင္ steps ပါရမည္။ width သည္ ၁၀ လက္မက်ယ္ျပီး
ေအာက္ေျခအစြန္းသည္ FLOOR နွင့္ 4.5 လက္မကြာရမည္။
3. Twin deck and lower hold ရွိ Ladder သည္ တတ္နိုင္သမွ် တေျဖာင့္တည္း
ရွိရမည္။
125
Part III Test Etc Of Lifting Machinery
Derrick and permanent attachment မ်ားကို annually inspection
လုပ္ရမည္။ There must be thoroughly examination at 4 yearly. Machinery and
winch –annually through examination. Loose gear Chain, ring, swivel, block
and shackle ကို ၃ လတစ္ၾကိမ္ inspection လုပ္ရမည္။
၄င္း၏ Breaking stress ၏ 1/5 ထက္မမ်ားေသာ proof load ျဖင့္ test လုပ္ရမည္။
Checked the wire rope at every three months.
Monthly wear and tear ျဖစ္မျဖစ္ wire broken ျဖစ္မျဖစ္ visual check
လုပ္ရမည္။
Visible broken သည္ 8 times the diameter in length တြင္ total wire ၏ ၁၀ %
ေက်ာ္လွ်င္ ယင္း wire ကို အသစ္လဲေပးရမည္။
Wire rope diameter ၏ 8 ဆ အရွည္ရွိေသာ ၾကိဳး တစ္ခုကို ရွာျပီးwire rope ၏ visible
အားျဖင့္ အပ်က္မ်ားေသာ ေနရာ တြင္၄င္းၾကိဳးကို ထား၍ 8 ဆ
အရွည္အတြင္းျပတ္ေနေသာ အမ်ွင္ စေလး မ်ား ကို ေရတြုက္ ၍ ရေသာ
အေရအတြက္သည္ wire အေရအတြက္ ၏ 10% ျပတ္ေနလ်ွင္ မသံုးရပါ။
For exam: 6 x 17 (diameter 20mm)
Diameter 8 time x20=16mm
6 x 17 = 102 x 10% = 11
wire၏16mm အတြင္း ျပတ္ေနေသာ wireအမ်ွင္စကေလးမ်ား ေရတြက္လ်ွင္ 11 ခုရလွ်င္
၄င္း ကို မ သံုးေတာ့ပါ။
part IV miscellaneous rules

1. cargo operation မလုပ္ေသာ အခ်ိန္တြင္ hatch cover ဖြင့္ထားလွ်င္ meal time
မွလလ
ဲြ ွ်င္ 2’ 6’’ အျမင့္ရfွိ enced ကာထားရမည္။
2. Sufficient lighting and ventilation ရွိရမည္။
3. ၁၆ ႏွစ္ထက္ငယ္ေသာ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားမသံုးရ။
4. Escape ကို tween deck , lower hold ထားေပးရမည္။
Part V
cargo gear မ်ားကို အခြင့္မရွိသူမ၀င္ရ။
126
Part VI
Safe access regulation ကို လိုက္နာရန္ပ်က္ကက
ြ ္ပါက owner သည္ တာ၀န္ယူရမည္။
PROPELLER EFFECT
Propeller is designed to have clockwise turning when going ahead and
when viewed from astern, is called right handed propeller.
When the propeller is turning ,blade is divided into two components.
1. Fore and aft component (axle thrust)
2. athwartship component(transverse thrust)(screwing effect)
water pressure သည္ depth of water အလိုက္ေၿပာင္းလဲသၿဖင့္ upper blade
တြင္သက္ ေရာက္ေသာ water pressureထက္ lower blade တြင္ သက္ေရာက္ေသာ
water pressure က ပိုမ်ားသၿဖင့္ upper blade တြင္ strong suction ၿဖစ္ေပၚသည္။
lower blade တြင္ weak suction ၿဖစ္ေပၚသည္။
၎တို႔ေၾကာင့္ Athwartship movement ၿဖစ္ေပၚေစသည။္
LOAD LINE
Load line rules ကို exemption ရတဲ့သေဘာၤေတြက -

127
War ship, fishing vessel and pleasure yatch. ( စစ္။ ငါး။ ေပ်ာ္)
24 m and over ship apply to Load Line rule.
Annually survey လုပ္ရမယ္။
LOAD LINE ဘယ္နွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိသလဲ။

1. Steamer including tanker
2. Timber carrying vessels
3. Sailing ship (F & WNA)
WNA ၁၀၀ မီတာ ေအာက္ သေဘၤာေတြ၊ 36 ံ N at north atlantic Ocean မွာ winter
period တြင္သံုးသည္။
Timber load line assign ရဖို႔

1. F’cle သည္ ၇% of the ship length ရွိရမည္။
2. Poop or raise quarter deck ရွိရမည္။
3. DB tank ေတြဟာ ½ length အထိ subdivision ရွိရမည္။
4. Rails or bulwark သည္ ၁မီတာ အၿမင့္ ရွိရမည္။
5. Deck ring or eye plate ေတြက sheer strake မွာ not more than 3 m apart.
6. Steering gear ကို protect from cargo damage.
SUB-DIVISION LOAD LINE ?

Sub division load line ကို passenger ship မွာပဲရွိတယ္။
Sub division load line ကို international convention of load line
အရထားတာမဟုတ္ပဲ SOLAS convention အရထားတာပါ။
Cargo hold ထဲမွာ cargo တင္ရင္ usual load line ကို သံုးမယ္။ cargo မတင္ပဲ
passenger တင္ရင္ sub division load line ကို အသံုးျပဳရမယ္။
Far east (such as India, Ceylon, Hong Kong , Singapore ) vessel ေတြမွာ
additional subdivision load line mark D1 , D2 ကို C LINE ေအာက္ မွာ ေတြ႔
နီူင္သည္။
128
D က C ထက္ free boat ပိုမ်ားတယ္။ Indian ocean မွာ bad weather season
သြားတဲ့ သေဘာၤေတြ အသံုးျပဳတယ္။
Load line certificate is valid for 5 years. The ship of the leangth 24 m and
over have an international load line certificate .
GPS : Global position fixing system

Error: +/_ 100m
DGPS: differential GPS
Error: +/- 5m
GPS errors
1. Satellite clock error (not normally exceed +/- 2m)
2. Multi-path error (+/- 5m)
3. Chart datum error(correction လုပ္ဖို႔ chart ေပၚမွာေဖာ္ၿပထား)WGW 84
4. Reflection error:( +/- 20m)
5. XTE (cross track error)
Union purchase and swinging derrick မွာ SWL ဘယ္သူပိုမ်ားသလဲ။

Swinging derrick
Sailing
1. Rhumb line sailing
2. Great circle sailing
Rhumb line sailing

1. Parallel sailing
2. Meridian sailing
3. Plane sailing
4. Mercator sailing
129
1. Parallel sailing
Due E or due west သြား
Lat နဲ႔ အၿပိဳင္သာြ း
Dist = dep (dep =dlong cos lat)
2. meridian sailing
Due North or due South သြား
၀၀၀ ံ (T) & 180 ံ (T) သြား
Dist = d lat (dep = dlong cos mlat)
3. plane sailing
Meridian မွ adjacent angle တစ္ခုန႔သ
ဲ ာြ း
Co: not 000,80,190,270
Can not use over when 600 nmile
Dep=dlong cos mid lat
Dep=d lat tan co
Dlat=dist cos co
Dep=dist sin co
4.mercator sailing
Mercator chart ေပၚသြား
Mercator chart ဆိုတာ mercator projection နဲ႔ meridian ေတြကို pole မွာမစုေစပဲ
parallel လုပ္ထားတဲ့ chart ေတြကိုေခၚတာပါ။
At equator ,
At equator,on the earth =2∏r

Mercator chart=2∏r
At pole, on the earth =0(pole is a point)

130
Any lat= ∏r cos Φ
Plane sailing နဲ႔တက

ြ ္ရင္
LSA CODE
Chapter 1 general
Chapter 2 personnel life saving appliance
Chapter 3 visual signal
Chapter 4 survival craft
Chapter 5 rescue boat
Chapter 6 launching and embarkation appliance
Chapter 7 other life saving appliance
Chapter 8 miscellaneous rule
131
Pelorus
Compass နွင့္object ၾကားတြင္ obstruction တစ္ခုခုခံေနလွ်င္ သံုးသည္။

သူ႔ရဲ႕ graduated card မွာ 360 ံပါ၀င္သၿဖင့္ ကိုယ္ၾကိဳက္တ့ေ
ဲ နရာမွ brg ယူနိုင္သည္။
Pointer တစ္ခုသည္ (heading ကိုၿပသည့္ lubber line indicator ) နွင့္ အၿခား pointer
သည္ brg ကို ဖတ္နိုင္သည့္ brg indicator ဟူ၍ pointer 2 ခုပါ၀င္သည္။
Hydrometer or psychrometer
Instrument for measuring relative humidity and dew point.
Mason’s hydrometer or dry & wet bulb hygrometer
Principle : evaporation cause a loss of heat.
Structure : thermometer 2 ေခ်ာင္းကို side by side marine screen or steveson
screen ထဲမွာထည့္ ၊ တစ္ေခ်ာင္းကို wet bulb အၿဖစ္ muslin wrick ကို
container ထဲမွ distill water ထဲတြင္ နွစ္ထားသည္။တစ္ေခ်ာင္း ကို dry
bulb အၿဖစ္သံုးသည္။
position : bridge wing နွစ္ဖက္တြင္ထားသည္။
note : dry bulb and wet bulb reading နွစ္ခုသည္ ေလထုထတ
ဲ ြင္ humidity
မ်ားေနလွ်င္ ၊ မိုးရြာေနလွ်င္ ၊ container ထဲတြင္ေရမရွိသည့္အခါတူသည္။
Dew point ကို mariner hand book ထဲတြင္wet bulb in depression နဲ႔ dry bulb
temperature နွစ္ခုကို ဖတ္လွ်င္ရသည္။Brown nautical Alamance ထဲတြင္wet bulb in
depression နဲ႔ dry bulb temperature ဖတ္လွ်င္ relative humidity ပဲရသည္။ အဲဒီကမွ
တဆင့္ dew point temperature ကိုဖတ္နုိင္သည္။
132
Cargo hold ထဲမွာ psychrometer ကိုသံုးသည္။
Usage:
1. relative humidity ႏွင့္ dew point ကို ရွာရန္
2. sea fog ကို forecast ျပဴလုပ္ရန္
133
Hydrometer
Hydrometer သည္ Archemedes Principle (law of floatation)အရျပဳလုပ္ ထား
သည္။ အရည္တစ္ခု၏ Density ကိုတိုင္းတာေသာ Instrument ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ (Steel,
Brass, Glass). ေရေပၚတြင္ ေပၚေနေသာ အရာ၀တၳဳ တိုင္းသည္ ၎၏ Own Weight ႏွင့္
တူညီေသာ ေရကို Displaced ျပဳလုပ္ပါသည္။္
Liquid ၏ density မ်ားလွ်င္ volume of displacement နည္းျပီး hydrometer
သည္ေရေပၚတြင္ ပို ေပၚေနျပီး liquid ၏ density နည္းလွ်င္ volume of displacement
မ်ားျပီး hydrometer ေရထဲတြင္ ပို၍ျမဳပ္ေနပါသည္။
Hydrometer ျဖင့္မိမိ ေရာက္ေနသည့္ ဆိပ္ကမ္း၏ dock water density ကို တိုင္း
ႏိုင္သည္။
1. ပံုးတစ္လံုး ကိုယူ၍မိမိ သေဘာၤ၏ discharge pipe ႏွင့္ေ၀းရာ MIDSHIP ေလာက္
တြင္ ေရေအာက္ ၅ေပ မွ ၁၀ ေပ အႀကားမွေရ ကို ခပ္ယူပါ။
2. ေရ ပံုးကို deck ေပၚကို ဆြတ
ဲ င္ျပီးေရမ်က္ႏွာျပင္ ျငိမ္သာြ းေအာင္ထားပါ။
3. hydrometer ကို လက္မႏွင့္ လက္ညိႈးအၾကားတြင္ ကိုင္ျပီး twist ျပဳ လုပ္ပါ က
break of surface tension ျဖစ္ျပီး hydrometer ေရထဲတြင္ floating ျဖစ္ေနမည္။
4. hydrometer ေရထဲတြင္ still ုျဖစ္သာြ းသည့္ အခါ မွ reading ဖတ္ပါ။
5. temperature correction apply လုပ္ေပးပါ။
HYDROMETER USAGE
D.W.A ႏွင့္ F.W.A ကို သိရွိရန္DOCK WATER ၏ DENSITY ကို၇ွာပါ။
Tanker vessel မ်ားတြင္ oil ၏ relative density (S. G) ကို ရွာႏိုင္သည္။
134
D.W.A = F.W.A (1025 -R.D)

25
mass of oil = volume of oil * S.G of Oil
Aneroid Barometer
Vacuum box အတြင္းရွိ ေလ မ်ားကို တစိတ္တေဒသ ထုတ္ယူထားျပီး အလံုျပန္ပိတ္ ထား

သည္။ အ ျပင္ရွိေလထုဖိအား ေျပာင္းလဲလာလွ်င္ metal box အတြင္း၌ ေျပာင္းလာျပီး
metal box ေပၚတြင္တပ္ထားေသာ strong spring ႏွင့္ levers မ်ားမွတ ဆင့္ dial
gradated ေပၚရွိ pointer မွေလထု ဖိအား ေျပာင္းလဲမႈပမာဏ ကိုေဖာ္ျပသည္။ Aneroid
barometer reading မဖတ္ခင္ glass ကို အနည္းငယ္ ပုတ္ပါ။pointer
ကပ္ေနတတ္သည့္အတြက္ျဖစ္သည္။
ကိုယ့္duty အခ်ိိန္မွာPointer နွစ္ခုကို ထပ္ထားလွ်င္ တစ္ခုက fix ၿဖစ္ၿပီး တစ္ခုက
pressure tendency ကိုၿပေသာေၾကာင့္ pressure တိုးလာၿခင္း or ေလွ်ာ့လာၿခင္းကို
သိနိုင္သည္။
Height correction ကို 10 m ၿမင့္တိုင္း 1 mb ေပါင္းေပးရသည္။ index error ကို
ကိုယ္၀င္မယ့္ နိုင္ငံရဲ႕ hydrographic station က ေနရတယ္။
135
Time keeping at sea
ဒီေန႔ ကေန ေနာက္တစ္ေန႔ ၁၂ နာရီအတြက္ DR ၿဖတ္ပါ။ lat and long ရတယ္။ LIT
ရတယ္။ Nautical Alamance မွာ ေနာက္တစ္ေန႔ LMT m.p ကိုဖတ္ပါ။
Apparent noon time 12:00 နဲ႔ SMT m.p နဲ႔ ယွဥ္လိုက္ရင္ ပိုရင္ retarded လုပ္ပါ၊၊
Apparent noon time 12:00 နဲ႔ SMT m.p နဲ႔ ယွဥ္လိုက္ရင္ ေလွ်ာ့ရင္ advance လုပ္ပါ၊၊

Situation PRACTICE

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1

ဤစာအုပ္ေရးသားရၿခင္းသည္ RULE ဖတ္ ရသက္သာေစရန္ ႏွင့္

ဤစာအုပ္ေရးသားရာတြင္ မွီၿငမ္းထားသည္မ်ားသည္ ဆရာ

MMU (first batch)

Contents page Narrow channel,

9 (b,c,d) 10 (i,j) 18 (d,e,f)

Mast head light မထြန္းရ…… fishing vsl other than trawling

Not under command

Power driven vsl လို႔ေၿပာနိုင္တာက P , TOW ,C (Power driven , towing vsl,

Underway လို႔ေၿပာနိုင္တာက P P S C MINE TOW (Power driven vsl , pilot vsl,

PAPA မၿဖစ္ (power driven vsl, anchor vsl, pilot vsl,

aground vsl ေတြက တစ္ၿခား signal ေပးရမယ္။

fishing vsl at anchor and VRM at anchor ေတြက လည္း

RULE 23 POWER DRIVEN VSL UNDERWAY

A power driven underway

ကၽြန္ေတာ္က Narrow channel ထဲမ၀င္ခင္ကတည္းက master ကို inform

ကၽြန္ေတာ္က TSS ထဲမ၀င္ခင္ကတည္းက master ကို inform လုပ္ပါတယ္။

RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING AHEAD

for situation (A) & (C)

When the length of tow exceeds 200m, a black diamond shape to be

When the length of tow exceeds 200m, a black diamond shape to be

RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING

(A)Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing a dracone An

RULE 25 SAILING VESSEL UNDERWAY AND VESSEL UNDER OARS

1. Sailing Vessel showing optional sailing lights

Sound signal: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an

RULE 26 FISHING VESSELS

for outlying gear a cone apex upward in the direction of gear

Vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, with outlying gear

for outlying gear a cone apex upward in the direction of gear

VESSEL ENGAGED IN TRAWLING

Sound signal: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an

Sound signal: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at an

VESSELS NOT UNDER COMMAND OR RESTRICTED IN THEIR ABILITY TO

NUC no making way Narrow channel

ROC exist ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ rule 10 (a) အရ any other rule ကိုလိုက္နာရမွာၿဖစ္လို႔

NUC seeing from astern

RULE 30 ANCHOR VESSEL AND VESSEL AGROUND

VESSEL RESTRICTED IN HER ABILITY TO MANOEUVRE

Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at any length

ROC Involved ၿဖစ္လာတဲ့အခါမွာ impeded လုပ္ခံရတဲ့ vsl ကလည္း rule 8 f(iii)

Underway and making way through the water

Land fall navigation or open sea

For (C) 2 Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre at anchor

A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre engaged in pushing ahead

(2) Vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, probably 50m or

Vessel engaged in DREDGING or underwater operations, probably 50m or

DREDGER မွာ side light + VRM light ပါပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား

a Vessel engaged in mine clearance operations 50m or more in length,

RULE 28 VESSELS CONSTRAINED BY THEIR DRAUGHT

Vessel constrained by her draught, underway, probably 50m or more in length

TSS ထဲမွာ စက္ေလွ်ာ့တာအေကာင္းဆံုးပါခင္ဗ်ား

RULE 23 POWER DRIVEN VSL UNDERWAY

A power driven underway

RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING AHEAD

When the length of tow exceeds 200m, a black diamond shape to be

RULE 24 TOWING AND PUSHING

(A)Power Driven Vessel less than 50m in length, towing a dragcone An

RULE 25 SAILING VESSEL UNDERWAY AND VESSEL UNDER OARS