Qualitative Research of Group 2

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Educate me Softly: Perception of the Selected Humanities and

Social Science Students on the Implementation of
Comprehensive Sexual Health Education
in the K to12 curriculum. S.Y. 2020-2021
A Qualitative Research Problem

Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of
Laguna College of Business and Arts
City of Calamba
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Practical Research 1
Agawin Maria Janelle C.

De Padua, Yolly Jay B.
Cuito, Carlo A.
Genoveso, Godfrey
April 2021
ABSTRACT
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This qualitative research aims to discover the Perception of three (3) Selected Senior
High School under Humanities and Social Sciences students at Laguna College of Business
and Arts, which are selected using the purposive sampling technique, towards the
implementation of Sexual Health Education in the Curriculum. The study determines the
factors that affect their perception of Sex Education. Also, this study is supported by concrete
theories that encompass theoretical framework and Review of Related literature.
Furthermore, a self-constructed interview questionnaire was utilized to gather the necessary
data for this study. The study showed that the factors why the majority of the co-researcher
coincide with the implementation of Sex Education is because our society has an increasing
number of unwanted and teenage pregnancies, the alarming existence of Sexually
Transmitted Diseases that may result in a bigger societal problem such as poverty and the
down resources of public health due to this diseases. Results further showed that the majority
of the respondents are in favor of the implementation of Sexual Health Education.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
“The only sex education my mother ever gave me was the injunction: 'Never let
a boy touch you down there.' I had no idea what she meant. She seemed to be referring
to my knees.”
-Jeanette Winterson
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This quote from Jeanette Winterson, an English writer become an eye opener that
when it comes to Sexual Health Education tons of people are sugar coating it just because
they think it is rude and inappropriate to talk about, in fact, Adolescent Children’s Parental
Attitude towards Sex Education (2011), found that mothers of the respondents were hesitant
to talk about Sex Education to their daughter as they found embarrassing and taboo to discuss
these issues. Generally, they avoid any mention of sex in their day-to-day relationships with
their children's especially in rural. Fortunately, many people want to educate others, however,
instead of educating them softly, they are mocking their beliefs. Talking about Sex Education
is a great example. A lot of people will immediately insult your knowledge about this topic.
Reasoning that they just want to educate you. What people need to realize is they can educate
without insulting. Because insulting them will just provoke them more to turn a blind eye on
this topic. It says a lot about when It comes to the topic of Sex Education, many people turn a
blind eye towards it.

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Nevertheless, it is not just looking beyond the ‘birds and bees’ or the reproductive
system and having sex thus it discusses a vast number of topics that are related to sex and
sexuality, including human development, relationships, personal health, sexual behavior, and
healthy society and culture. In fact, The Philippines passed the Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RH Act) through the law, the government integrated the
DepEd Order #31, series of 2018. Entitled the Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of
Comprehensive Sexuality Education hence, according to the country representative of the
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to the Philippines that the Comprehensive Sexual
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Education (CSE), is still in a "critical piece" of the reproductive health (RH) law. Just like the
recent report of PopCom, it states that despite of pandemic teenage pregnancy that births
among girls aged 14 years and below jumped by seven percent in 2019 compared with the
previous year’s figure provided by the Philippine Statistics Authority. Furthermore, according
to Health Secretary Duque III, that despite the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the
people should remain focused and resolute in their mandate of preventing and reducing the
HIV transmission. In fact, he explained that the 21 new HIV cases diagnosed everyday means
that the country is facing a public health threat. The lack of Sexual Health Education may be
a result of Increasing rates of this unending issue. In simplest manner of explanation, Sex
Education the Philippines is still in bad shape.
In addition, as recently as 2010, Sexual Education in the Philippines was limited to
the anatomy of the reproductive system, pregnancy, and birth. It did not cover male and
female relationships. However, in July of 2018, The Department of Education implemented
the Comprehensive Sexual Education program the CSE program aims to equip its students
with information and life skills while keeping in mind gender equality and empowerment,
values, and health. On December 12 of 2010, The responsible parenthood and reproductive
health act of 2012 was designed into law. This law mandate that reproductive health
education was to be thought in government schools. With this RH law, the government aims
to achieve a reduction of maternal deaths, related to pregnancy, reduce abortion rates, prevent
teenage pregnancy, prevent the widespread of sexually transmitted diseases.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 5
Countries like the Philippines are one of those that has yet to implement Sex
Education in the country. As Sex Education became controversial nowadays after The
Philippines passed the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RH
Act). Some believe that Sex Education encourages teenagers to have sex. They also think that
it teaches about the mechanics of sex. Thus, some religious people, think that it overlooks
their practices. However, sex education does not promote any of it. For this reason, the
researchers want to conduct this research to be able to correct the misconception of many
Pilipino about Sex Education. Some Pilipino is overly sensitive when the topic is about sex,
they often conceive that this topic is inappropriate. On the other hand, this is exactly why
teenage pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Philippines is increasing
because of the lack of Sex Education. Aside from that, the researchers also want to educate
people about the importance of having Sex Education and to debunks many myths about this
topic.
The objective of this study is to understand and explore these topics in acquiring the
skills to manage one’s relationship and sexual health also this research aims to become an eye
opener that Sex Education has shaped behavior of young people when it comes to preventing
pregnancy and spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, namely delaying sex until they are
older, usage of contraception, reducing the frequency of sex and numbers of sexual partners,
and many societal problems. And to teach the co-researchers about sexuality in ways that
celebrate the wide variety of human feelings and experiences if we want to genuinely
promote the development of sexually active young people and adults. Instead of scaring
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people away from exploring their natural feelings, this research can educate them about the
positive aspects of human sexuality. And rationalize this while also having time to speak
about possible drawbacks and the importance of understanding the implications of every of
our actions.
Additionally, the researchers aim to discuss the advantages of implementing Sex
Education in the Philippines. The researchers want to know what the help of Sex Education to
decrease the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy and STD’S. Moreover, the researchers are
also eager to know the disadvantages of having Sex Education because the researchers want
to make sure that they know enough about this topic, including its weaknesses. Aside from
that, the researchers believe that the selected students of Humanities and Social Science
students are already ready to talk about this topic, therefore the researchers want to know
their perspective and hope that the group and them may be able to help each other about
raising awareness about Sex Education inside our society.
Theoretical Framework
Mediating processes transpire between responses and stimuli. Also, behavior is
gained from the surrounding through the interaction of observational learning. Children tend
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to observe the people around them the way others behaved in various ways. CLIL (Content
and Language Integrated Learning) was coined by David Marsh. The hypothesis behind CLIL
has establishments in interdisciplinary/cross-curricular education which gives a significant
manner by which understudies can utilize information learned in one setting as an
information base in different settings. Large numbers of the significant ideas, procedures, and
abilities contemplates. In this way, interdisciplinary educating instructed in the language
expressions are "versatile", for example they move promptly to other substance zones.
Methodologies for checking appreciation, for instance, can be coordinated to perusing
material in any substance region while circumstances and logical results connections exist in
writing, science, and social science. As specified by (Ball etal., 2015; Coyle et al., 2010;
Genesee & Hamayan, 2016). CLIL is regularly characterized as dual focus approach through
which educational program content is instructed through an extra language with the goal that
students acquire regarding substance and language learning simultaneously. Given the focus
on integration and the substantially of this theory CLIL may usually be configured as (a) a
content-driven approach or (b) a language-driven approach. (Díaz Pérez et al., 2018), In the
wide setting of this research, Comprehensive Sexual Health Education (CSE) is needed and a
drive to advance social equity, variety, and consideration. And with that Comprehensive
Sexual Education, according to the website of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), is a curriculum-based teaching and learning method in
terms of cognitive, mental, physical, and social factors in terms of attractiveness. Its goal is to
provide children and teenagers with the necessary tools with the required experience, skills,
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attitudes, and values empower them to take care of their health, well-being, and happiness.
dignity; cultivate a respectful social and sexual environment.
Children tend to learn in many various ways as stated by the CLIL theory, moreover
this is also proved in the popular Bobo doll experiment, in which adults attacked the Bobo
doll in a strange way while a child is observing and weighing in the situation. It is set to see
what their responses would be and whether they would mimic the situation. The conclusion
of the experimental methodology that the children would often learn social behaviors and in
an actual environment through observation learning.

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Furthermore, the researchers can use the Content and Language Integrated Learning
or CILL in their research, for the reason, it has an intention to have a positive attitude towards
learning. Which is the same objective of the researchers in writing this research, to have
people open their eyes and to stop being shy away when the topic is about Sex Education.
Aside from that, this theory aims to boost motivation in learning new things, especially in
language and when the real issue became the center of the study, just like Sex Education. The
researchers will surely get a lot of information on how to educate people because it is time to
have a hard conversation with the young people around you so that they can have an easier
life. If we talk about issues that make us uncomfortable, we can create change. (Olivia
Richman,2019) Thus, to make other people more interested in learning the importance of
Comprehensive Sexual Education.

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Research Paradigm
Educate me Softly: Perception of the

Selected HUMSS Students on the
Implementation of Comprehensive
Sexual Health Education in the
K to12 curriculum.
Sex Education a tool Main Purpose of the Education for Preparation Protection towards Risky Rapid population growth
for widening Sex Education in Sexual as the considering
perspectives. Society Behaviors grounds
Awareness in Sexual
Health Issues
Sex Education as a guide Acquiring knowledge in

Sexually provocative
for family planning sexual health matters
Education
Drawback because Sex Education as a The right way to
of Religious matter Significance of taboo topic Maturity as basic address private
parents in Sex component of parts.
Education learning
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CENTRAL QUESTION
What is the essence of the lived experience of Humanities and Social Science
students in the implementation of Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in the k to 12
curriculum?
COROLLARY QUESTIONS
1. How do Humanities and Social Science students share their experience with regards
to the implementation of Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in the k to 12 curriculum?
2. What themes emerged from the study?
Scope and Delimitations
The study was conducted at Laguna College of Business and Arts. It was limited to
the Humanities and Social Sciences students at Senior High School of the said school. The
total number of co-researcher is 3 and they are currently studying on the school mentioned
above. It will focus on the implementation of Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in the
K to12 curriculum and the perception of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Senior High
School students at Laguna College of Business and Arts in terms of their general perception
of the said topic.

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The study will focus based on a comparison of the participants perceptions, it will be
possible to determine whether or not the implementation of Sex Education will be effective.
Nevertheless, the perception of the students below and above grade 12 under the Humanities
and Social Sciences in and outside of Laguna College Business and Arts are not included in
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the research. Thus, it will not be able to provide a demonstration sample of proper sex
education implementation considering the time frame allotted for this study.
A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter seeks and presents the review of related literature and studies, local and
foreign, related to the implementation of a Comprehensive Sex Education to the K-12
Curriculum. 13
Today's youth are becoming more aware of their sexuality and bodies. In this stage
adolescents need accurate knowledge about sex and sexuality during puberty. Sex can be
described in a number of ways, according to Encarta (2009). It is described as "the physical
and behavioral distinction that distinguishes individual organisms according to their
reproductive functions." With an open environment like social media, today's generation is
allowing their inquisitive minds to explore their uniqueness, further influencing their well-
being. Some schools are providing a Sex Education program to help students better
appreciate this current level of self-discovery. Some schools are providing a Sex Education
program to help students understand this new level of self-discovery by extending their
theories to include social dimensions of their sexuality to provide them with the awareness,
skills, and values that will allow them to achieve health and dignity as well as to secure their
freedom of choice, however because of religious concepts that present in our society,
Philippines is one of the country’s which neglects learning more about Sexual Health
Education matter.
Concept of Sexual Health Education

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As specified by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) Comprehensive Sexuality Education is a method of teaching and learning about
the cognitive, mental, physical, and social dimensions of sexuality through a curriculum. Its
objective is to provide information, skills, attitudes, and values to children and young people
that will allow them to realize their health, well-being, and dignity, as well as establish
respectful social and sexual relationships. Consider how their decisions impact their own and
others' well-being; and comprehend and maintain the preservation of their rights throughout
their lives. According to the research of Advocate for youths, Tons of research proves that
Comprehensive Sex Education offers reliable, full, and developmentally relevant knowledge
on human sexuality, including risk-reduction methods and contraception, helps young people
take action to protect their health, such as avoiding sex, using condoms or contraception, and
becoming monogamous. 14
There are two types of Sexual Health Education: Comprehensive Sex Education and
Abstinence only education, the program instituted to discuss a vast number of topics that are
related to sex and sexuality, including human development, relationships, personal health,
sexual behavior, and healthy society and culture. However, the major difference of this two
programs is, According to Advocates for youth article entitled “Sex Education Programs:
Definitions & Point-by-Point Comparison” Comprehensive Sex Education is teaching
abstinence as the safest way to prevent STDs and unintended pregnancy, but also teaches
condoms and contraceptives to minimize the risk of unintended pregnancy and STDs
infection, like HIV. It also helps young people explore their own beliefs, aspirations, and
choices by teaching interpersonal and communication skills. In contrary in Abstinence-Only-

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Until-Marriage Programs, abstinence is the only morally acceptable option of sexual speech
for adolescents. According to these programs, which are also known as Sexual Risk
Avoidance Programs, for the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and
unintended pregnancy, they are normally unopen and censor information about contraceptives
and condoms. Three decades of public health studies show that extensive Sex Education can
help young people postpone sexual initiation while also assisting them in using defense when
they do become sexually active. However, Abstinence-only program has a fall down,
although it is found to be effective in helping young people postpone sex, even so,
suppressing contraceptive information puts those who do have sex at risk. The
comprehensive approach to teaching Sex Education has proven to be the most successful.
Abstinence-only sex education does not always result in a reduction in the risk of STDs and
unintended pregnancies. Abstinence-only sex education, on the other hand, is a breach of
teenagers' human rights, as essential information, such as how to avoid STDs, is withheld
from them. (Ott & Santelli, 2018).
Sex Education is still a taboo in many conservatives, in fact Archbishop Oscar
Cruz, the former president of the Catholic Bishops Conference, has claimed that he opposes
Sex Education in any form due to its moral consequences and insists that it should be debated
by the students' parents (cathnews, 2010). He argues that if the government wants to educate
students about Sex Education services, it should just give the details to the parents and let
them decide what to tell their children. We cannot deny that there are countries that when it
comes to the topic of Sex Education, many people turn a blind eye towards it. In an article
written by Jonathan Simrin (2015), According to World Bank statistics, European countries
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have the lowest rate of teen pregnancy. There were less than 4 teen births per thousand babies
born in Italy, Germany, and Switzerland, among other countries as well as Sweden, France,
the Netherlands, Denmark, and Belgium, it is found that the risks of sex are less prominent in
these nations. Because of the fact that they teach sex as a natural, safe, and gives an
optimistic approach. However, in Asian countries, topics including Philippines relating to Sex
Education are topics that are considered taboo are often viewed as vulgarity, inappropriate
and immorally to talk about. Nevertheless, STDs and teenage pregnancy incidence are more
common in countries with more conservative views toward Sex Education. (ScienceDaily,
N.D. 2021).
Misconception of Sex education
Implementing Comprehensive Sex Education is not as easy as its sound. Many people
are against it because of some misconceptions that are floating around their society. Here are
the most frequently heard misconceptions about Sex Education: 17
One of the typical myths about Sex Education is that it encourages teenagers to do
sex. It is also the reason why many adults are against it nevertheless, according to a scientific
study, giving kids and teenagers Sex Education does not encourage them to do it in-fact those
who received proper Sex Education tend to delay sexual activity and feel more empowered
about their bodies and sexuality. Thus, people who disregard the benefits of Sex Education
are those who support more abstinence-only-until-marriage- the programs that treat sex as
risky and scary, which is the total opposite of sex education, that treat sex as a normal part of
humanity. Aside from that, there is a lot of studies that concluded that the abstinence-only
program is not as effective as Comprehensive Sex Education does. Implementing this kind of
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program will leave kids and teenagers clueless and their ignorance might turn into being an
irresponsible adolescents. There is also a chance that teenagers will learn sexual information
from their peers, and it may be wrong information that will result in engaging in some sexual
activities. Furthermore, a study conducted by Guttmacher found out that there is clear
evidence that implementing Sex Education can help people delay sexual activities.
Sex Education can also help people to have control over their bodies. It also gives
people enough knowledge for them to be able to set their bodies free from the myths that
control their bodies or to do what they want to do with their bodies with responsibility. Thus,
according to sex and relationship experts like Reid Mihalko of Reid, open dialogue, or
discussions about physical intimacy, help people to be more confident. 18
Sex Education does not talk about sex, contrary to most people’s beliefs. Sex
Education help people to have a healthy relationship, it can be a friendship relationship or
romantic relationship. It also helps us to have a better quality of our life thus, it may help us
in decision making because we are learning more about ourselves. Therefore, it does not only
talk about sex. As for the Philippines, which is considered a Catholic country, many religious
people also considered Sex Education as disregards to their values. However, Sex Education
does not teach anything that might offend a certain group’s beliefs. A Sex Educator needs to
understand the diversity of different religions and beliefs to make the kid and teenager
understand well the said topic. Doing this kind of technique will help the child be more
interested and the effects are more pleasing. For this reason, teaching Sex Education will not
violate any beliefs.

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Another misconception about the implementation of Sex Education, not only in the
Philippines but in the whole world, is that the LGBTQ+ community is not included in Sex
Education. However, Teaching Sex Education is not homophobic. In fact, according to
Canadian studies, Sex Education must include teaching about different gender identities, and
it will reduce the tendency of bullying because of their gender identity. Thus, students who
received Sex Education that includes this kind of topic are less suicidal. For the reason that it
helps them feel free about their chosen gender identity. Aside from that, Sex Education also
breaks the stigma about men and women. Women often see as soft people and men as more
aggressive. This result for women to become more victim of harassment and sexism and the
opposite for men. Fortunately, there is Sex Education that educates kids that people should
not limit women and men based on emotional capacity. Furthermore, In talking about Sex
Education it is better to include gender and power for the reason that this is five times more
effective than that program that does not include such things. Moreover, program that
includes gender and power received a positive and effective outcome including safer sexual
behavior and improved knowledge about Sex Education. (Harberland, 2015]
And the last misconception is that parents think that Sex Education will poke the
curiosity of their child about sex. Parents are scared to teach their kids Sex Education, but
they should not. According to Canadian studies, sex education should be taught as early as it
can be. It should start in our home by not hugging them when they do not want to or not
touching them if they do not please it. It also starts by saying no when someone starts
inappropriately touching them. Thus, it includes the body parts and how the human body
works. By teaching their kids Sex Education it will result in healthy living. Additionally,
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according to UNESCO, Sex Education should start in school when a child is already five
years old. Children and teenagers should receive proper Sex Education before they became
sexually active therefore, they can avoid getting STDs thus, they will be more aware of the
responsibility that they have when they are having sex. 20
Sex Education is as important as any subject in schools, contrary to the beliefs of
many parents in the world. When Sex Education is done right, kids and teenagers will be able
to make an informed decision in their life. Sex Education is a big help in improving the
different aspects and lifestyles of many people. Not only for the individuals but for the whole
society itself, it can help by addressing the increasing rate of STDs and will help to educate
people more about their responsibilities and the proper use of contraceptives. In addition, to
have successful Sex Education, people and educators should be based on science. It is time
that people in the Philippines should open their arms and eyes about the benefits of Sex
Education to our children and their future.
Importance of Sex education 21
Parker, Welling’s, and Lazarus (2018) wrote in their article Sexuality Education in
Europe: An Analysis of Current Policies that Comprehensive Sexuality Education is one of
the most critical strategies for ensuring that young people have the information they need to
make safe and educated decisions. This emphasizes the significance of Comprehensive Sex
Education for the benefit of young adults. Sex Education helps young people make better
choices about themselves, despite the fact that it is often overlooked in the curriculum.
Nowadays' adolescent’s sexuality is one of the issues that concerns the key stage of growth.
According to the official website of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

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(UNESCO 2019) Just 34% of young people worldwide have accurate awareness of HIV
prevention and transmission, and two out of every three girls in certain countries have no idea
what is happening to them when they start menstruating. These are only a few of the reasons
why there is an urgent need for high-quality, Comprehensive Sexually Education (CSE).
Aside from that, as they transition from childhood to adulthood, so many young people
receive ambiguous and contradictory details about relationships and sex. As a result, there is
a rising demand among young people for trustworthy knowledge that will prepare them for a
healthy, prosperous, and fulfilling life. CSE satisfies this demand when delivered well. 22
Knowing the significance of Sex Education has a vital impact for avoidance of STDs and
premature pregnancies that can be done. In addition, it lowers the chances of having
unprotected sex and promotes responsible family planning. Lack of knowledge in quality sex
education can lead in many societal problems such as the high rates of teenage pregnancy that
can lead into overpopulation. In fact, As stated by (Mello et al. 385), the citizens of the
Philippines do not have access to proper public health care. They are not receiving enough
knowledge about family planning choices and the availability of affordable contraception.
People need to be more educated and informed about healthy sex practices in order to avoid
the birth of too many unwanted babies. Furthermore, according to a recent POP COM
statistic, births among girls aged 14 and under increased by 7% in 2019 compared to the
previous year's figure. Furthermore, the Department of Health's HIV/AIDS and ART Registry
of the Philippines (HARP) reports that 81,169 HIV and AIDS cases were reported between
January 1984 and October 2008. Ninety-six percent (704) of the participants were men.
Population development, according to Lolito Tacardon, Deputy Director of the Commission

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on Population (Popcom), is caused by three factors: fertility, mortality, and migration.
According to Tacardon, the Philippines' fertility rate is much higher than the other two
factors, resulting in the country's growing population. (2019, Ma. Teresa Montemayor) With
this alarming statistics the idea of having a topic that teaches sexuality first appeared in the
United States in 1918, with the passage of the Chamberlain-Kahn Act (Venzon, 2013). The
act was enacted to combat the increasing number of cases of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(STD) among citizens. Thus, according to Zoë Nichols (2020) the aim of Sex Education is to
educate young people about issues such as sex, sexuality, and bodily growth. High-quality
Sex Education will help people avoid STDs and unintended pregnancies. It also lowers the
likelihood of having unprotected sex and encourages healthy family planning. Additionally,
promote Sex Education and contraception access in order to help solve problems such as
overpopulation, high rates of teen pregnancy, and the emergence of HIV.
Relationship of Adolescence in Sex Education
Adolescence is the period when a person's thoughts, perceptions, and responses
become sexually influenced. Adolescence is the time to learn about and discuss sexuality.
Sexual curiosity during puberty led to exposure to pornography, sexual activity, and an
increased susceptibility to sexual assault. (Halpern et al.) conducted a research on the sexual
activity habits of teenagers in the western community and investigated the potential causes
that contribute to these behaviors. They surveyed over 11,000 teenagers between the ages of
18 and 27 and discovered that more than 90% of them lose their virginity before marrying.
Indeed, adolescence has a major role in learning Sex Education, in this stage Sexual Behavior
is inevitable, the study of Child Development Theory: Adolescence by Angela Oswalt

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Morelli, MSW, edited by C. E. Zupanick, Psy.D. stated that Boys will have regular erections
during early puberty because this is the natural response of the male body to sexual
excitement. As boys' bodies adapt to the intense chemical and hormonal changes induced
during puberty, erections can occur spontaneously for no apparent cause. In the same way,
even if they are not menstruating, girls can notice that they generate vaginal secretions for no
apparent purpose. Increased vaginal secretions are often triggered by sexual arousal, but they
can also be caused by natural hormonal variations during their menstrual period. This are just
some changes that occur during puberty that may lead into curiousness of youths; thus, Sex
Education is very Important to lead youth in safest way for them to develop. This matter is
truly unavoidable, it is just a fact that it is only natural for humans to interact and react to this
kind of stimuli.
As Sigmund Freud proposed his Psychosexual Development theory, in which he
defined the oral phase, anal phase, phallic phase, latency phase, and genital phase as
landmark stages of Psychosexual Development. In this phase different body parts act as the
most erotogenic during these stages, and the person tries to explore or stimulate these
erotogenic zones in order to feel gratified (J Hum Reprod Sci. 2015). Additionally, Encarta
(2009) claims that Adolescence phase is reliable knowledge about sex and sexuality during
puberty is needed. Adolescence, on the other hand, is the period during which healthy
behaviors are developed naturally, that is why it the best time for the youth to learn about this
matter and sexual health interventions.
According to Jean Damascene Makuza, senior officer for STI care and treatment at
Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), once adolescents understand and practice self-control,
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they can escape temptation and develop into safe and responsible people. He claims that since
adolescents are at a vulnerable age, they are easily swayed by peer pressure and hence are
more likely to succumb to temptation (Lydia Atieno 2018). Nonetheless, as explored in the
research of Frederico S. Lourenco, Johannes H. Decker, Gloria A. Pedersen,Danielle V.
Dellarco,B. J. Casey,Catherine A. Hartleya (2015) consequence, social contexts and the need
for peer recognition become essential factors in adolescent decision-making and behavior.
This heightened vulnerability to peer pressure during adolescence has been related to bad
decisions. In this case adolescents may seek guidance from their peers, who may provide
them with inaccurate information. According to Adewale (2009), teenage curiosity and a lack
of awareness can sometimes contribute to premarital intercourse, which can result in
unintended pregnancies. With an open environment like social media, today's generation is
allowing their inquisitive minds to explore their uniqueness, further influencing their well-
being, hence, it is important to educate adolescence and not to let them individually, explore
their curiosity.
Role of Parents in Sex Education 26
Save the Children Philippines, and independent children’s organization, believe that most
mother in the Philippines does not have enough knowledge and skills discussing Sex
Education. However, 85 percent of parents know about puberty changes, sex information, and
relationships but they are hesitant to discuss it with their children and they do not know how
to discuss it with their children. The lack of Sex Education is one of the reasons why the
Philippines has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in Asia (Nora).

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Sex Education should start at home. According to aboutkidshealth.ca, it is a good
strategy to talk about sex when they are still young and continue as they grow older. Parents
should not rely on the school system about teaching Sex Education, they should guide the
child and review what they had learned. They should also accept the fact that Sex Education
does not lead to promiscuity.
Those parents who have an open talk with their child regarding sex can form a strong
bond within their family. Their child will most likely be conformable with their parents about
talking about the struggles that adolescents faced in their puberty stage, like depression,
anxiety, and relationships. Thus, if their child talks about these kinds of problems with their
parents, the parents can assure that they are getting the correct information. 27
If parents did not teach Sex Education to their children because they are scared of the
thoughts that it might increase the interest of their child in sex, their children will learn about
it somewhere else, and they might get the wrong information. A survey conducted by Touch
Cyber Wellness examines the children's exposure to pornography and it reveals that one in
two teenagers have watched or seen sexually explicit materials, with some as young as seven
years old when they are first exposed to it. This kind of action will lead to engaging in sexual
activities that may result in teenage pregnancy and having STDs. Studies have shown that
those children who learned sex from social media and peers are most likely the ones who
engage in sexual activities.
Furthermore, According to Onlymyhealth.com, kids usually do not get enough
information about Sex Education at home therefore, the school is the only place that they can
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lean on. Sex education can help to prevent the increasing rate of HIV and STDs and the use
of contraceptives (2020). This is the fact that many parents overlook.
Parents have the largest influence on their child, it starts when they are young until
they are already a teenager. However, parents often underestimate their impact on their
children when they decide. When a child did not receive proper Sex Education and does not
know the vagina and penis and the fact that it should not be touched by anyone without their
consent, it may start the exploitation abuse (Nora,2019). 28
The parents should provide information at once, it is better to not provide them with
too much information. Also, when teaching their children ask some questions to figure out
what they need to learn and be honest. Aside from that, it is also important to give them age-
appropriate information. According to therapist Michael Ungar, parents that are the most
reluctant to let their children hear the truth about sex have children that are more likely to be
victims of violence, or to accidentally trigger, or to have an unwanted pregnancy. The role of
parents in Sex Education is necessary, they should be taught their children that their bodies
have worth, and it is their responsibility to take care of their body and not just instruments for
pleasure.
Besides, according to the role of parents in Shaping and Improving the Sexual Health of
Children- Lines of Developing Parental Sexuality Education Programmes, School, and
family, particularly parents, share the same responsibility on educating adolescents about
their sexual health and general well-being for the duration of their lives. Additionally,
according to Dr.Desmond Wai, a gastroenterologist, “As a parent, we ought to teach our

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children to view issues and situations from both the technical aspect, as well as the emotional
aspect.”
29
2.0 METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents all the necessary information about the intended process of this
study. This includes research design. the respondents of the study, research instruments, and
validation of instrument, data gathering procedures, and treatment of quantitative data that
will be used in this study are also discussed.
Research Design
This study will use a phenomenology approach to gather the data for the qualitative
research of the perception of the selected HUMSS students on the implementation of
Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in the K to12 curriculum. The use of
phenomenological methodologies in this study allows the researchers to learn from other ‘s
experiences. Learning, behavior, and communication are all dynamic phenomena that are
relevant to the study and phenomenological approach will help the researchers to understand
the phenomena better. While phenomenology is a complex theory that cannot be fully
explained in a short article, a few key points can be made. The study of consciousness and the
content of conscious experience, such as decisions, perceptions, and feelings, is the subject of
phenomenology (Balls, 2009). Phenomenology also considers humans to be embodied

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creatures, which means they live their lives through their physical bodies. Qualitative
approaches considers the impact of history and culture and value the intersubjective
construction of such understanding. Thus, the emphasis of phenomenological approaches is
on the rich explanation of certain aspects of experience as expressed through language. As a
result, depending on the strand of phenomenological philosophy that informs the technique,
each phenomenologically influenced approach has a different focus (Langdridge 2007). In
this way the researchers, extensively understand such perception of the co-researchers
personal lived experience. This reasons influenced the researchers to apply this kind of
approach as a research design because of its significance to know the perception of the
selected Humanities and Social Sciences students on the Implementation of Comprehensive
Sexual Education in the K to12 curriculum.
Research Instrument
In gathering the information, the researchers provided 10 guide questions, which will
use as an interview question. The interview is conducted through zoom interview session
with three (3) grade 12 students at Laguna College of Business and Arts under the
Humanities and Social Sciences. The conducting of the interview started in March and will be
finished within the same month. The following question is the guide questions:
31
1. What comes to your mind first when you hear Sex Education, how much do you know
Comprehensive Sex Education?
2. What is your general perception about the implementation of Sex Education in the K12
curriculum in the Philippines?

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3. If given a choice whether Comprehensive Sex Education would be a part of senior high
school curriculum. Would you choose to have it or not? Why or why not?
4. What do you think have influenced your stand on the implementation of a Comprehensive
Sex Education in the K to 12 Curriculum in the Philippines?
5. What do you think is the major role of Sexual Health Education in our society?
6. What do you think would be the Sexual Health Education advantages?
7. What do you think would be the Sexual Health Education disadvantages?
8. Does your parents ever talk about Sexual Health Education matter or have you ever
educated about it? If yes or no what do you think is the way to have a better talk about Sex
Education?
9. What are the biggest challenges or problems that have you encounter while talking about
sexual matter?
10. What would be your advice in specific topic or issue in Sexual Health Education that
should be addressed?
32
Participants of the Study
Through the aim of the simple random sampling, the researcher selected three (3)
Humanities and Social Sciences students at Laguna Colleges of Business and Arts. The
researchers believe that the selected students of Humanities and Social Sciences are already
ready to talk about this topic, therefore the researchers want to know their perspective and
hope that the respective group and the co-researchers may be able to help each other about
raising awareness about Sex Education inside the society.

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Participant Gender Age Strand

Humanista 1 Male 18 HUMSS
Humanista 2 Female 18 HUMSS
Humanista 3 Male 18 HUMSS
Data-Gathering Procedure 33
Upon proper coordination with selected three (3) Humanities and Social Sciences
students at Laguna Colleges of Business and Arts, Considering the situation in this time of
pandemic, the interview sessions will be conducted with the students who will agree to be the
co-researchers of the study. The researcher will prepare zoom session, gadgets, notes and pen
and the guide questions before the researchers convey the message to the rightful co-
researchers. Thereafter the interviewer will collect the data given, the researcher will proceed
with the encoding of the responses, data tabulation and qualitative data analysis to arrive and
interpret at emerging themes.
Treatment of Qualitative Data
After gathering all the data from the survey interview through zoom interview
session, the researcher transcribed the interviews with the chosen three (3) Humanities and
Social Sciences students at Laguna Colleges of Business and Arts. After conducting this
interview, the researchers carefully analyzed the students' similar responses and grouped
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them by themes. The emerging themes will be derived from similar responses per line in the
verbatim transcription.
34
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter describes how the data from this analysis are analyzed and interpreted.
The aim of this phenomenological study was to look at Humanities and Social Sciences
students who are educated about Sex Health Education. Phenomenological reflection on the
data elicited by interpretative phenomenological study of the Humanities and Social Sciences
students' experiences in life on this matter was one of the methods of inquiry. that being the
case the following central question directs this research:
What is the essence of the lived experience of Humanities and Social Science
students in the implementation of Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in the k to
12 curriculum?
Whereas the corollary question has been answered in the tables provided.
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Corollary Question 1. What themes emerge from the study?
35
Interview Question no. 1: What comes to your mind first when you hear sex education,
how much do you know Comprehensive Sex Education?
Thematic Chart A
Sex Education as a tool for widening perspectives
Co-Researchers Responses
“From what I understand, Comprehensive Sex Education is a

1 curriculum that helps young people to understand the pros and
cons of learning Sex Education, for instance how necessary
condom is for the youth.”
“Ang unang pumapasok sa isip ko ay kung paano maoopen yung

2 mind natin pagdating sa sex. Therefore, matututo tayo kung
paano tayo magiging prepared once na makipagsex tayo and
paano tayo maeencourage na hindi makipagsex ng maaga."
When the researchers asked about the first thing that comes to the co-researchers
mind when they heard sex education and how much they know about Comprehensive Sex
Education. Humanista no. 1 answered, that it can help young people understand the pros and
cons of learning Sex education and for instance the necessary use of condoms for the youth. It
is connected with the answer of Humanista no. 2 according to her, the first thing that came to
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her mind is that it opens people’s minds about sex. Therefore, people can learn how to be
prepared once they engage in sexual activities also, it encourages people not to engage
themselves early with sexual activities.
The answers of Humanista no. 1 and 2 are both aligned with the advocacy of Sex
Education. Their answers showed that even though Sex Education is often seen as irrelevant,
there is still people who believe at what Sex Education really is. Their answers also shows
that they have knowledge about sex education.
Furthermore, according to Karen Schantz, author of “The Case for Condom
Education”, many successful sex education includes lessons about how effective condom to
reduce teenagers unplanned pregnancy and getting sexually transmitted disease or STD. Sex
Educator must also teach their students that condom is an effective tool to protect themselves.
Aside from that, according to UNESCO, children and teenagers must receive a proper Sex
Education therefore, they can avoid engaging in dangerous sexual activities.
37
Thematic A.1
Sex Education as a guide for family planning
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“Lessons related to family planning are the first thing that

3 comes to mind when I hear Sex Education. As for
Comprehensive Sex Education, I honestly do not hear much
about it, so I have no idea what exactly that is.”
Humanista no. 3 have a different knowledge about Sex Education according to him,
Sex Education is lessons related to family planning however, for the Comprehensive Sex
Education he mentioned that he does not heard it that much therefore he has no idea what
exactly it is.
Humanista no.3 includes family planning in his answer, which are actually accurate.
Sex Education does include teaching teenagers on how to make well-informed decisions
including family decisions and planning. His answers shows that he see Sex Education as a
subject that not only talks about sex, contrary to some people think, it is a subject that covers
a lot of things that the curriculum today often forget, such as consent, respect and empower
teenagers’ well-being and dignity. 38
Furthermore, according to UNESCO, Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE)
aims to teach about the cognitive, emotional, physical, and social aspects of sexuality. It also
aims to equip young students to make well-informed decisions in their lives and empower
their well-being and dignity. CSE is important because a lot of young people are having a
hard time making the right decision thus, they are also having a hard time when they are
entering the transition from childhood to adulthood. Aside from that, it also talks about HIV
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and other Sexually Transmitted Infections or STIs, which is only 34 percent of young people
have enough knowledge about the said topic.
Interview Question no. 2: What is your general perception about the implementation of
Sex Education in the K12 curriculum in the Philippines?
Thematic Chart B
Teenage Pregnancy prevention
“I think it would help the students at a young age, especially in

1 the Philippines, where teenage pregnancy statistically grew than
it was before. Also, it gives them an idea or knowledge about the
advantages of learning Sex Education.”
“I just think it's fine to implement Sex Education in the

3 Philippine curriculum, I could hope that this might help in
reducing our country's accidental or teenage pregnancy rates.”
39
When asked about what their individual general perception about the
implementation of Sex Education in the K12 curriculum in the Philippines from their lived
experience, Humanist no. 1 said that with the increasing number of statistics regarding
Teenage pregnancy, Sex Education will help the students and Society to cope up in this
societal problems, Correspondingly Humanista no. 3’s answer was nearly similar to what
Humanista no. 1 said, in elaboration, according to Humanista no. 3 this kind of education
might help in reducing the country's accidental or teenage pregnancy rates.

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Their responses somewhat show how open they are in tackling this topics, they are
already ready to talk about this topic, the three co-researchers not just focus on the sense of
Sex Education as an enabler of sexual intercouse, thus, they cite opinions that Sex Education
will help to reduce teenage and unwanted pregnancies, to gain knowledge and deeper
understanding of it is true nature and to break the stigma that actually exist in today’s
generation. 40
Moreover, this statements is supported by the blog entitled” Study Finds that
Comprehensive Sex Education Reduces Teen Pregnancy” In a 2012 study of 66 sexual risk
prevention initiatives, researchers discovered that they are an important public health tool for
reducing teenage pregnancy, HIV, and STDs. It is proven that the impact of Sexuality
Education on adolescent sexual risk taking for young people aged 15-19 was measured using
nationally representative data from the National Survey of Family Development. Teens who
received Sex Education had a substantially lower risk of teen pregnancy, while Abstinence-
only services had no substantial effect in reducing teen pregnancy or STDs.
Thematic B.1
Breaking the stigma
“In my opinion Sex Education should be implemented in the

2 Philippines, it is important to break some stigma and to start
teaching what is sex about”
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When asked about what their individual general perception about the implementation
of Sex Education in the K12 curriculum in the Philippines from their lived experience,
Humanista 2 has a different perspective, Humanista no 2, point out that in Philippines Sex
Education is still a taboo to talk about, however Sex Education will allow to make a
movement to break some stigma and to start teaching about this matter. 41
Humanista 2, response is somewhat reflecting on being aware in the society as well
as this topic, and the existing discrimination toward an individual based on perceptible social
characteristics that differentiate them from other members of society or defined as the social
stigma, and this stigma is the reason why many people are opposed to it because of certain
common myths in their culture. Specifically, one of the most common misconceptions about
Sex Education is that it allows youth to engage in sexual activity and for humanista 2, it will
only break with the help of the implementation of Sex Education in the curriculum.
In the blog entitled “Addressing the stigma of sexuality education in ASEAN” by
(Swaroopini Nair 2017) The most common argument against offering Sexuality Education to
children and young adults is that it is seen as a threat to Asian societies that are more
reserved, and it is not something that should be addressed openly. Parents, on the other hand,
are concerned that teaching their children about sex would allow them to have sex at a young
age. This is further reinforced by the myth that teaching children about sex at a young age
would inspire them to engage in sexual activity. This is, in reality, a myth that has been
debunked by tons researchers. According to a UNICEF survey, children who are given Sex
Education details have fewer partners and begin sexual activity later in life than those who
are not.
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42
Interview Question no. 3: If given a choice whether Comprehensive Sexual Health
Education would be a part of senior high school curriculum. Would you choose to have
it or not? Why or why not
Thematic Chart C
Education for Preparation
“Yes, dapat simula Junior High School palang dapat tinuturo

2 na sa mga kabataan about Sexual Health Education para mas
maging prepared sila ng maaga.”
“I agree with Sex Education and being a part of K-12

3 curriculum because it can prepare youth and it can lessen the
increasing rate of early pregnancy.”
After asking about the Humanista’s general perception in implementation of Sex
Education, the researchers proceed to question: If there is a probability whether
Comprehensive Sexual Health Education would be a part of senior high school curriculum
what would be their personal choice, did they agree or disagree? To know, the elaboration of
the thematic will be stated, Humanista no. 1, no. 2, no. 3 all fully agreed in the
implementation, Humanista no .2 emphasized the implementation should be implemented on
the Junior High School level, for them to be prepared in such circumstances, Moreover,
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Humanista no. 3 dilated that aside of the fact that Sex Education will educate the youth, it
will also help to avoid unwanted pregnancies just like what Humanista no. 3 earlier in
thematic B, he is very assured that this will reduce the spike the factors of early pregnancy.
Their answers shows that they are aware on what our society facing and what our
society beholds. For them, this major issue that we are facing, will only be done with the help
of the government in implementing Sex Education, they all agreed, and they consider the
factors to support their concurrence.
As according to J. Flowers Health Institute, the significance of Sex Education lies in
providing students with resources to defend themselves if they want to have sex. It does not
promote sexual intercourse in any way. Sexuality Education can differ based on a variety of
factors, including the administration in charge and the age of the students. One of the most
important things to remember is Sex Education is preparation of inevitable stages in life, thus
knowledge should be supported by research and should not be influenced by personal
emotions or beliefs. To this end, the majority of them favor Sex Education in educational
institutions. This is just a piece of fact that not only Humanista itself, are individually seeking
and expressing the need of Sex Education for the future preparation.
44
Thematic Chart C.1

Protection towards Risky Sexual Behaviors
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“Yes, because Sex Education may protect us from risky sexual

1 behaviors.”
Humanista no.1 agreed to the implementation of Comprehensive Sex Education
because, for the co-researcher, it will definitely a big help to guide as and to reduce a real-life
risk of sexual choices.
The co-researcher answer reflects that there is actually existing societal issue that
should be face such as the risky sexual behaviors, in this matter people puts themselves and
other people at risk such as, single-partner (monogamous) relationship, unprotected
intercourse without the use of a male or female condom, unprotected mouth-to-genital touch.
As according toJ. Flowers Health Institute One of the primary aims of most Sexuality
Education courses is the prevention of both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Sex
Education is the best way to ensure that a person is doing anything possible to avoid an
unplanned pregnancy. Though Sexually Transmitted Diseases can be transmitted by means
other than sex, this kind of Sex Education is one of the safest ways to avoid such risky sexual
behavior exposure.
45
Interview Question no. 4: What do you think have influenced your stand on the
implementation of a Comprehensive Sex Education the K to 12 Curriculum in the
Philippines?
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Thematic Chart D
Rapid population growth
as the considering grounds
“Fast-paced population growth in the Philippines which is 2.2

1 percent compared to other countries such as Malaysia 1.9% and
Thailand with the percentage of 0.8%."
“I think that reason why I agree with Sex Education is because

3 of Overpopulation and the continuous skyrocketing of our
country's teenage pregnancy rates.”
46
Considering the co-researchers answers in thematic chart c, which all of them agreed
in the implementation, latter part we ask a sub questions which is what are the factors that
influence their stand in the implementation of a Comprehensive Sex Education in the K to 12
Curriculum in the Philippines, subsequently. They give the concrete reasons why they agreed
in this matter. The Humanista no .1 gave a statistics regarding the population growth of the
Philippines, in the numbers it clearly stated that Philippines is expeditiously grow by
population compared to other countries such as Malaysia and Thailand, our country is more
way faster closest to 2.2 to 0.8 percent. In giving birth annually, Humanista no.3 and
Humanista no. 1 statement is more likely affiliated to each other, with their same insights
they both agree because for them Sex Education will combat overpopulation.
Humanista No. 2 and 3 reflects and specified the grounds or the behind the co-
researcher’s agreement in the implementation of Sex Education is the result of issues and
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societal problems that the world facing today. The co-researcher also added that the
affirmation given is the result of the alarming and the continuous skyrocketing of our
country's teenage pregnancy rates, Additionally the Humanista No. 3 used the gerund
skyrocketing to express the rapid growth of the statistics which just like stated that this facet-
paced number is seriously alarming. 47
The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in United states talked openly
about its Sex Education initiatives aimed at reducing fertility, especially among minorities.
One of the founding members of the Sex Information and Education Council was Lester
Kirkendall. Leading proponents of government population reduction policies, such as
Planned Parenthood, have long recognized the importance of Sex Education in achieving
their objectives. The Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc they called for a “zero
rate of natural population increase” in conjunction with the necessary Sex Education to
impose and raise the level of mindfulness towards family planning, human sexuality,
overpopulation, and overall health.
Thematic D.1
Awareness in Sexual Health Issues
“As a HUMSS student mas natuto kaming maging open sa mga

2 sexual health issues and magraise ng voice for them na maging
aware sila sa lahat ng bagay.”
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Humanista no. 2, has different perspective in this matter, In the co- researcher’s
affirmation, the entitlement as a Humanities and Social Sciences students became applicable
to this manner, in view of the fact that this is a sexual health issue, Humanista no. 2 want to
use the voice that is given to the respondents, and the contribution of Humanista no, 2 in this
research, it says a lot about on what he want to happen to raise awareness in youth like them.
For Humanista no. 2 awareness is very significant in Sexual Health Education
Matter, that it if people would be aware in this matter, It will provide people with the
knowledge, skills, and inspiration they need to make informed choices about their sex and
sexuality. 48
As a supporting evidence, with the co-researcher claims an article entitled ‘Sex Is
Not Just about Ovaries.’ Youth Participatory Research on Sexuality Education in The
Netherlands by International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020) the
findings in their research states the majority of study participants shared a desire for more
focus on Sexuality Education in high school. The few participants who did not trust Sexuality
Education at school said that they already know everything there is to know, that they do not
need to know because they are not sexually active, or that sexuality education lessons make
them uncomfortable. However, Younger participants (12–14 years old) clearly had fewer
ideas about Sexuality Education than those aged 15 and up. One of the students they
interviews stated “Well, you should be aware of it because it is an inevitable part of life. As a
result, gathering knowledge is beneficial.” Many participants stressed the importance of
Sexuality Education in helping them make positive choices in the future. Truly this kind of
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real-life situation is inevitable. Thus, it good to be educated and aware than mocking other
person beliefs.
49
Interview Question no. 5: What do you think is the major role of Sexual Health
Education in our society?
Thematic Chart E
Main Purpose of
the Sex Education in Society
Co-Researchers
“The major role of Sex Health Education is that it teaches

1 everybody to be careful and to practice safe sex also family
planning. And To reduce unplanned pregnancy and other sexual
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like HIV.”
“To educate young people to have their mindset free from Sexual
2 Education and to educate them na magkaroon ng awareness sa
HIV/AIDS and then magkaroon ng idea na matutong gumamit ng
condom or anything na hindi lumaganap ang teenage pregnancy
here in the Philippines”
“To spread the proper knowledge regarding protected sex

3 especially to the youth so they'd learn to normalize being careful
instead of being unmindful about the consequences of their
actions.”
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The fifth question that the researchers asked is what do the co-researchers think is
the major role of Sexual Health Education in our society, the three of them have the same
point. They all point outs that the major role of Sex Education is to teach young people about
practicing safe sex and the use of condoms to prevent the increasing rate of HIV in the
Philippines. They also point out that it will teach young people to plan for their future
families and to reduce early pregnancy in the Philippines.
Their answers show that even though the definition of Sex Education is vague they have
an idea about how important it is to have Sex Education in the Philippines. Their answers
also show that they are knowledgeable enough to talk about Sex Education, this symbolizes
that they are ready to be educated about Sex Education and to educate others about Sex
Education.
Especially that the lack of Sex Education is one of the reasons why the Philippines
has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in Asia (Nora,2019). Aside from that, according to
Department of Health the Philippines has become the fastest-growing HIV with a 174 percent
increase. This shows that their answers are accurate to why it is really important to implement
Sexual Health Education.

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51
Interview Question no. 6: What do you think would be the Sexual health Education
advantages?
Thematic Chart F
Sex Education for Sexual Health Issue
“Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases , teenage

1 pregnancy and etc. and may create a more intellectual
generation.”
“The advantage of Sex Education is it can lessen young

3 pregnancy that is also the reasons of poverty.”
When the co-researchers ask about their personal perception, about the advantages
of Sexual Health Education, Humanista no. 1 stated that Sex Education has a major role in
the prevention of teenage pregnancy such as Sexually Transmitted Diseases such as HIV,
chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, some forms of hepatitis, syphilis, and
trichomoniasis in connection, Humanista no.1 express his strong conviction that it will be an
eye opener to create a more intellectual generation, however this will be done with an open
community. Thus Humanista no.3 still insist his insights from the very beginning that it can
combat young pregnancy that is also the reasons of poverty. 52
Indeed, the societal problems that co-researchers stated is the evidence that Sexual
Health Education can help LGBTQ youth achieve academic success, avoid intimate partner
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violence and bullying, and establish healthy relationships. It can also help youth postpone
sexual initiation, reduce unplanned pregnancy, HIV, and other STDs, and reduce sexual
health inequalities (Szydlowski, 2015b).
According to the United Nations Population Fund, some interventions decreased the
number of sexual partners by forty-four (44) percent, reduced the frequency of sex by thirty-
one (31) percent, and postponed the initiation of sexual intercourse by thirty-seven (37)
percent. and a forty (40) percent rise in condom and contraceptive use. This findings are
supported by United Nations Population Fund.
Thematic F.1
Acquiring knowledge in sexual health matters
“Ang magiging advantages nito is maaga silang maeeducate sa

2 lahat ng bagay related sa Sexual Health Education.”
Moreover, Humanista No,2 states that the biggest advantage that Sex Education will
be brought is the knowledge and lessons for the youth to be educated from the things that is
related to sexual health. 53
Humanista no. 2 answers reflects that being educated has a major role in individuals
lives, this education specifically in sexual health matters would be able to instill people a
widen perspective and knowledge.

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Furthermore,as a factual support evidence, it has been shown that rigorous Sexual
Education courses minimize misinformation and improve young people's ability to make
informed health choices. (Szydlowski, 2015b).
Interview Question no. 7: What do you think would be the Sexual health Education
disadvantages?
Thematic Chart G
Sexually provocative Education
“The downside of have Sex Education is that it can lead to

1 misunderstanding and it can provoke others to do it more than it
supposed to.”
“Sa tingin ko is mas maraming kabataan ang maiinganyong

2 makipagsex once na nagbigay ang every school na mga
condoms.”
54
When the researchers questioned the selected co-researchers to think on what would
be the Sexual Health Education disadvantages, the Humanista no .1 formulate the idea that
Sex Education has a downside, and for Humanista no. 1 it can lead to misunderstanding in a
way that it can provoke youth to be much involved in something that they not supposed to do,
Humanista no.1 and Humanista 2, has a similar perspective that Sex Education can inveigle
youth to be involved in sexual relationships and intercourse once that contraceptives has been
distributed in particular schools

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Grounded theory overlooks the researcher's embeddedness, obscuring the
researcher's important agency in data collection and analysis. Advantage and disadvantage
need to be seen (Bryant and Charmaz 2007), Thus everything has an advantage and
disadvantage it is important to define this two concept. And with that Humanista no. 1 and
humanista no.3 they specified that the biggest downside of Sex Education, for the co-
researchers it may become a provoking tool to do sexual intercourse, with this community,
tons of people think this way because of many misconceptions that are existing in the society,
thus it will be only conventional if this misconception and stigma would precisely be
corrected. 55
In contradiction, “BAKA KAPAG MAY SEX ED NA LALO LANG SILANG
MAHIKAYAT,” this connotation debunks by many researchers because a number of studies
have disproved the misconception that good Sex Education promotes sexual activity.
According to these findings, Comprehensive Sexual Education could potentially lead to a
delay in sexual engagement and a reduction in sexual activity. As a result, people who
participate in sexual acts on a regular basis are more likely to use safer methods. In fact, no
research has found evidence that providing sexual and reproductive health information and
education to young people contributes to increased sexual activity. (Anna Serenko 2014)
Thematic G.1
Drawback because of Religious matter
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3 “The budget needed for a complete and extensive

implementation. And religion matter”
However, Humanista no.3 has a different side of insights, the co-researcher said that
it would be a hindrance in terms of the allocation of budget once the extensive
implementation had been done, he additionally stated that religious matter is something to do
with the disadvantage of Sex Education. 56
The concerning hindrances in implementation of Sex Education for Humanista no.3
is the budget that allotted in this curriculum, though it may cost a lot of budget, thus the
extensive implementation can solve many of the societal problems that leads in poverty in the
country. The co-researchers also stated that religious matter is something that will be deal
with this matter, as the Philippines is considered a conservative country and those religious
people are in contradict in this matter, indeed, it will be strenuous in the implementation of
Sex Education in the curriculum.
As Humanista no. 3 stated the major conflict is within the religion context,
Philippines is considered as a conservative country, in fact the catholic groups are opposing
this proposal the archbishop Oscar Cruz, the former president of the Catholic Bishops
Conference emphasized that “there is always a time for everything” and that teaching “these
little angels” about safe sex, reproductive health, and sexuality is a surprising concept. It is
one of the major concept that hindrance the implementation of Sex Education.
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57
Interview Question no. 8: Does your parents ever talk about Sexual Health Education
matter or have you ever educated about it? If yes or no, what do you think is the way to
have a better talk about sex education?
Thematic Chart H
Parents as the Educator
of Sexual Health Matter
“Yes, once na may pinanood kaming movie/video na may sex

2 related then it’s a way para ipasok yung Sex Education sa amin
and then maging aware kami sa lahat ng bagay.”
“My parents educate me about Sexual Health from time to time

3 although the words that they use are rather basic and
unprofessional compared to a proper one, which I think is best
talked about in an honest or unfiltered way.”
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Parents has a major role for our learning, that’s why the researchers ask the co-
researchers if they ever talk about Sexual Health Education matter or have they ever educate
by their parents both Humanista no.2 and Humanista no.3 stated that they talk about sexual
health matter with their parents but in different form the two Humanistas said that they talk
that matter with their parent, specifically, Humanista no .2 parents uses film as a medium to
educate their child while Humanista no .3 is educated by her parents but emphasizes that they
uses the basic and unprofessional word compared to proper one, that is why the co-researcher
came up with an idea that the best way to talk about Sex Education is in an honest and
unfiltered manner.
The two co-researchers’ answers reflects how and what manner their parents talked
this matter with them. The co-researchers are obviously not educated in professional way, the
usage of literary movies and the usage of the unproper words are the only basis of their
parents’ knowledge, however it may result in many circumstantial disadvantages.
With a supporting literature, Dr. Miel Nora (2019), Save the Children Philippines'
professional advisor on Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health, acknowledged that
parents may have some useful knowledge about sex, reproductive health, puberty, and
romantic relationships based on personal experiences (Nora, 2019). However, given the
conservative nature and customs of the country, parents may lack the proper way of
introducing mature topics to their children. According to a study conducted by Dr. Miel Nora,
85 percent of parents are aware of Sex Education information. Parents, on the other hand, are
hesitant and uncertain about the information they are offering when approached and
questioned for a conversation with their children, just like the lived experience of Humanista
Page
no.3. Based on Kumar's study entitled Need Assessment for Sex Education Amongst
University Students – A Pilot Study (2007), the teacher is the best source for Sex Education,
according to 76.74 percent of students. This figure perfectly encapsulates the Philippines' lack
of proper Sexual Education as one of the key reasons for the country's rising Sexually
Transmitted Diseases cases and the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Asia.
Thematic Chart H.1

Online articles as a source
of learning Sex Education
“No and I think the best way for me to talk about Sex
1 Education with my parents is to use online articles or news
about STDs or something that is related in Sex Education.”
The Humanista no.1 clearly states that the co-researcher did not talk about sexual
matter with his parents, thus he suggested that the best way to talk about Sex Education is by
learning in different media, specifically the reliable resources such as articles and news that is
affiliated to Sex Education.
Humanista no. 1 answer just reflects, with an open environment like social media,
today's generation is allowing their inquisitive minds to explore their uniqueness, thus
influencing their well-being even more and to have a better understanding of this new period
of self-discovery, 60
In supporting literature in the blog entitled “Can the Internet Be Used Effectively to
Provide Sex Education to Young People in China?” by Chao-hua Lou M.D It was discovered
Page
that providing Sex Education to students in Shanghai through the Internet was feasible and
successful. The Internet-based Sex Education curriculum successfully improved students'
reproductive health awareness and shifted their attitudes toward sex-related topics, such as
being less liberal toward sex and more supportive of programs for single young people.
Furthermore, the majority of students obtained sex information from unofficial sources, and
they are dissatisfied with their knowledge of Sex Education, having primarily gained
misconceptions about the subject. As a result, the internet represents a significant and
previously untapped opportunity for providing Sex Education to Chinese students and young
people. However, (rInt J Environ Res Public Health. 2020) specified the influence of fake
news on social media is a major concern in public health because it has the potential to
decrease or increase the efficacy of services, campaigns, and initiatives aimed at improving
citizens' health, literacy, and well-being. That is why learning Sex Education using online
articles should be observable in fake news because it can increase more misconception in this
matter.
61
Interview Question no. 9: What are the biggest challenges or problems that have you
encounter while talking about sexual matter?
Thematic Chart I
Sex Education as a taboo topic
Page
“Awkwardness or when some people are not open-minded

1 enough to discuss about it. Also, we have different perspective.”
When the co-researchers are asked about their biggest challenges or problems they
have encountered while talking about sexual matters, Humanista no. 1 answered that it is
awkward when some people are not open-minded enough to discuss it. The co-researcher also
mentioned that people have different perspectives when talking about sexual matters.
What Humanista no. 1 answer is true, especially that some people are not yet ready
to hear or to be educated about sexual matters. Some people think that this kind of matter is
for adults only. Sex Education is often seen as a taboo topic, that many adults chose not to
talk about it with their young ones. 62
In fact, according to AboutKidsHealth article, parents should not rely on the school
system about teaching Sex Education, they should guide the child and review what they had
learned. They should also accept the fact that Sex Education does not lead to promiscuity, this
act will remove the awkwardness and it will make people be more comfortable when the
topic is Sex Education. Furthermore, Sex Education is as important as any subject in schools.
It is just right to talk about Sex Education without awkwardness, just like talking about how
to brush your teeth.
Thematic Chart I.1

The right way to address private parts.
Page
“Yung ibang kabataan is natatawa pa rin kapag naririnig yung

2 mga (penis and vagina) hindi nila sineseryoso yung mga bagay
na makakatulong sa kanila.”
Humanista no. 2, on the other hand, has different encounters, the co-researcher said
some youth still find it funny whenever they hear penis or vagina and they also not taking it
seriously. Especially nowadays, those two words are forbidden words that have been set by
adults who think that the words vagina and penis are inappropriate. 63
When an adult is referring to a child’s private parts, they often refer to it as a
“birdie” if it is a male and “flower” if it’s a female. This act results in a child to not take penis
and vagina as a serious matter; it will leave a mark in their mind that those things were
inappropriate. Humanista no. 2 answers show the need to educate the children and to make
them understand that there is nothing funny about those words. It should be taken seriously
because it is parts of their body and its normal.
Furthermore, according to Courtney Schmidt, PharmD, author of “How and why to
talk to your kids about their private parts”, she said that if parents talked about their children's
private parts, there is a big chance that their children will be open to them about their body.
Children will be comfortable asking their parents about their concerns and it will create a
strong bond within the family. Aside from that, talking about private parts includes the
boundaries of their body and respect for other bodies. And last, according to Olivia Richman,
Page
if parents want their children to have a hard life, then have an easy conversation however, if
they want their child to have an easy life, then have a hard conversation.
Thematic Chart I.2

Significance of parents in Sex Education
“At first I feel so uncomfortable talking about sex and maturity

3 but after I understand everything my parents told me I became
more sensitive and careful.”
64
Lastly as for, Humanista no. 3, the co-researcher answered that at first, the
Humanista no. 3 finds it awkward to talk about sexual matters but after Humanista no. 3
parents explained it, the co-researcher became more sensitive and careful. He encountered
awkwardness as most people have and it is also the thing that hindrance people from learning
and engaging themselves in Sex Education.
The co-researcher answer showed how significant the role of parents in Sex
Education. It shows that with the help of parents, their children can easily understand what
Sex Education is. It also shows that learning of a child should start inside their home,
therefore they can find a comfortable atmosphere inside their house.
Moreover, according to aboutkidshealth.ca, it is a good strategy to talk about sex
when the kids are still young and continue the process as they grow older. This will result in
having an open and strong connection between the parents and their child. There is a big
chance that they will be more open to their family about the struggles that they are facing
when they are in their puberty change. If parents also did not try to explain sexual matters to
Page
their child, they might learn it on social media and to their peers, which will result in
engaging in sexual activities. This shows the important role of parents in educating their
children because it all starts at their home. If they teach their child properly, there will be no
awkwardness and the youth will take Sex Education seriously.
65
Interview Question no. 10: What would be your advice in specific topic or issue in
Sexual Health Education that should be addressed?
Thematic Chart J
Maturity as basic component of learning
“I would like to focus on the youth and everyone that is entering

1 maturity, sex is not just a desire and or something to crave with it
is a language of love and sex is about responsibility.”
“For me, is dapat maging open minded na sila sa lahat ng bagay

2 related sa Sexual Health Education and anything na related sa
sex and that maging mature na sila sa mga bagay na yan para
hindi na nila gawin yung mga hindi dapat gawin ng isang
kabataan.”
“Be responsible, be mature and be educated as well…Aim to be

3 nonjudgmental.”
Lastly, the voice and advice of selected humanities and social science students has
definitely will leave an impact, for that reason the researchers asked on what would be they
Page
advise in a specific issue in Sexual Health Education that they think should addressed,
Humanista no. 1 said that the youth should focus in this matter, because adolescence phase is
where our mental and sexual capability develop, Humanista no. 1 specified that Sex
Education is not just about sex, that’s why we should have a deeper understanding what this
education wants to impose to us as youth. Meanwhile, according to Humanista no.2 open-
mindedness is a major key for the youth to absorb knowledge regarding Sex Education,
Humanista no. 2 has a correlation on what Humanista no. 1 just said, for the co-researcher,
they said that youth should be matured in this kind of topic, it is not a joke, so adolescent
should take it seriously. Moreover, Humanista no. 3 states that youth should be responsible
while being educated and this kind of topic should not feel you ashamed, because it is natural
for us a human, so he said that people should aim not to be judgmental.
Their answers reflects to what characteristics of matured youth should possess in order
to absorb the quality of Sexual Health Education once it is implemented. Therefore, a healthy
environment between the components of curriculum is very important aspect for the youth to
learn in an optimistic way, and to take Sexual Health Education as a serious manner. 67
Additionally, Developmental Psychologist Richard Weissbourd, Director of Making
Caring Normal and lead author of The Talk: How Adults Can Foster Young People's Healthy
Relationships and Avoid Sexism and Sexual Abuse, says, "It's so important that kids are able
to do this work of learning to love somebody else." However according to the author, they
won't be able to do that until we get them on the track and allow them to have thoughtful
discussions.” According to the research of Harvard Graduate School of Education, experts
claim that providing students with a base in relationship-building will improve their wellness
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and pave the way for potential safe intimacy. It may also help to discourage or mitigate
gender stereotyping, as well as sexual abuse and attack in middle and high school.
68
4.0 CONCLUSIONS/REFLECTIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE USE
The summarized findings of the report, as well as the researcher's reflections and
recommendations, are presented in this chapter, based on the findings derived from semi-
structured interviews with co-researchers in the knowledge of students which were referred to
as the Humanities and Social Sciences students. The following is a description of the main
issue and sub-questions:

Page
What is the essence of the lived experience of Humanities and Social Sciences
students in the implementation of Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in the k to
12 curriculum?
Corollary Question
1. What themes emerge from the study?

69
This phenomenological study looked into the lived experiences of Humanities and
Social Sciences students, as the researchers want to learn more about Humanistas attitudes
toward Sex Education. Furthermore, the researchers hope to decide what can be gleaned from
the students' opinions. Participants personal information, such as name, address, and section,
will be kept strictly confidential between the researchers and also the participants personal
responses with, what is the co-researchers Insights toward Sex Education, what is the part of
adolescent in Sex Education, what happen when Sex Education is finally part of the
curriculum, what are the problems that needs only Sexual Health Education as solution, what
is the main purpose of the Sex Education in society, what are the advantages of Sex
Education, what are the downside of Sex Education, what can parents do as Educator of
Sexual Health Education matter, what are the hindrances that may affect in learning this
matter, and what is the major role of open-mindedness in learning the summarized findings
and results of the study. Each question from the statement of the problem was analyzed as
whether it had a positive or negative feedback, with the relation of theories, and other
research findings from the gathered literature. Finally, after answering the questions, with
Page
implications of the students' views the results of this research will be determined. As a result,
the overarching issue raised in this current study is a lack of Sexual Education in Senior High
School. Students are introduced to subjects such as sex without having access to the
knowledge they need to think about it. The importance of accepting these results is that
students will finally grasp the meaning of the research study's evolving theme. 70
The first emerging theme has been entitled the Sex Education as a tool for widening our
perspectives and Sex Education as a guide for family planning. The researchers came up with
this theme because it focuses on the opinion of the co-researchers about the specific topic in
Sex Education. Two co-researchers mentioned that it has something to do with practicing safe
sex while one co-researchers mentioned that it is included family planning.
The research shows that Sex Education includes teaching adolescents how to practice
safe sex to avoid spreading HIV and STDs and unplanned pregnancy. Comprehensive Sex
Education has a success rate of decreasing the said dilemma, for example, the countries India,
Germany, Switzerland have the most successful implementation of Sex Education and have
fewer than 4 teenage pregnancies. Furthermore, Sex Education also includes family planning
the reason why those people who received proper Sex Education know the responsibilities
and how hard it is to support a child, not only financially but also physically and emotionally.
To conclude it all, it shows that the co-researchers have a background about what is Sex
Education, and its means that they are aware of the things that will help to improve our
society.
The second emerging themes of the study are the Teenage pregnancy prevention and
breaking the stigma. The researchers established this theme because the study's co-
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researchers had similar responses which is for the co-researchers, it will all help especially
young age to enlighten about this topic, and to avoid unwanted pregnancies during the
teenage years or adolescence stage. In the same way, the three co-researchers said that Sex
Education will help people to gain deeper understanding and provide sexual risk prevention
initiatives.
This themes exemplified the significance to achieve a better understanding of its true
existence and to eliminate the stigma that still exists in today's generation, supplementary,
that Sexuality Education has an effect on young people's sexual risk-taking decisions, ways,
and acts. Thus, being aware with this topics as adolescence it stimulates everyone, not just the
young, to embrace sexual intercourse and relationships based on positive values such as
mutual respect, confidence, negotiation, and enjoyment. 72
The third emerging themes is entitled as Education for preparation and protection
towards risky sexual behavior. The researchers come up with this emerging theme, to know
what the possible future result of the effectiveness of Sex Education its implementation from
the insights of three Humanistas, which are the co-researchers of the study, which all of them
agreed to the implementation and they are considering the factors that justify their agreement.
All of them said that Sex Education will be effective in certain ways. The majority of students
received sex information from unofficial sources, and they are unhappy with their knowledge
of Sex Education that is why in order to be knowledgeable for individual’s awareness and
preparation, for the co-researchers it is better to learn it with a legitimate people than learning
many misconceptions in this field.

Page
In conclusion, the researchers concluded that, age-appropriate awareness of the
puberty process, sexuality, modes of transmission and prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases, and the attainment of sustaining a healthy, secured, and prepared sexual life is
critical for the health and wellbeing of youth thus, it will be only attained and will be serves
as enlightenment with the presence of Sex Education on the curriculum. It may assist students
in learning more about the Department of Education's concept of Comprehensive Sex
Education as it is to be implemented in the Philippines, that provide information on students'
opinions on a subject that has yet to be implemented. In this theme the researchers known the
factors that influence the co-researchers’ opinions. Additionally, it is only one indication of
how not just Humanistas are personally seeking and voicing the need for Sex Education. 73
In fourth emerging themes it is titled as Rapid Population growth as the considering
grounds and awareness in sexual health issue. The reason for that is certainly, there is
something that influenced their decision upon agreeing on the implementation of Sex
Education in the curriculum, that is why they engage the problems that Sex Education
learners can solve or prevent. One of the co-researchers mentioned, Sex Education would
reduce overpopulation, according to the co-researcher the personal affirmation is the product
of the country's unprecedented and ongoing skyrocketing teenage pregnancy rates. However,
the youth should not be the eye for blaming with this issue because youths are the only
product of rotting system and many roaming misconception in this matter, however,
extending their ideas to social dimensions of their sexuality, and equipping them with
information, skills, and values that can help them understand their wellbeing, integrity, and
right to choose.
Page
In like manner, the co-researchers’ responses demonstrate that, despite the ambiguity
of the concept of Sex Education, they recognize the significance of Sex Education in the
Philippines. The factors that influenced the co-researcher’s idea is the tons of the societal
problems that are facing, specifically the vast number of teenage pregnancy, unwanted
pregnancy, occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases, and overpopulation. These things
must not be overlooked because today's youth seem to explore their innocence in their own
ways. there is a certain problems that tons of researchers believed that only be solved by
learning in Sexual Health Education matter particularly, the vast number of teenage
pregnancy. As the generation goes by there is no concrete solution to fight this skyrocketing
number of teenage pregnancy this demonstrates why it is important and what are the factors
that influenced the co-researchers upon agreeing to implementation of Sexual Health
Education.
The fifth theme is the main purpose of the Sex Education in Society. The researchers
chose this theme because it is aligned with the answers of the co-researchers. Aside from that,
it is also because the researchers focused on the role of Sex Education in our society. All of
the co-researchers agreed that it has a role in our society and their answers are connected to
their answers for the first question.
One of the roles of Sex Education in our society is to educate young people about
practicing safe sex and the use of contraceptives. It also includes the awareness about
Sexually Transmitted Diseases that they might get if they do not practice safe sex. Sex
Education does not stop there, it includes teaching adolescents their responsibilities if they
engage themselves in sexual activities. Additionally, one of the keys to having a successful
Page
Sex Education is to treat sex as a natural part of the human being. These things mentioned are
aligned with the answers of the co-researchers, this shows that implementing Sex Education
will be effortless if people will see the role and benefits of Sex Education in our society, like
the co-researchers. Indeed, Sex Education has a major role in our society. 75
The sixth emerging theme of the study is the Sex Education for combating sexual
health issue and acquiring a deeper knowledge in Sex Education matter. Having said that,
based on the responses provided in the data interpretation above, the introduction of a
Comprehensive Sex Education program, according to the co-researchers, would most likely
result in benefits rather than drawbacks. Implementing a Comprehensive Sex Education
program for Humanista is shown to be a significant factor in reducing the risk of Sexually
Transmitted Infections and adolescent pregnancy. Nonetheless, several people agree on the
importance of providing good education about one's sex and sexuality. Furthermore,
Comprehensive Sex Education curriculum have been shown to reduce misinformation and
enhance young people's ability to make informed health decisions. 76
Furthermore, their responses are all connected to the advocates of Sex Education. As a
result, it demonstrates that they were aware of the potential advantages of Sex Education and
how beneficial it is to our society. It also demonstrates the importance of implementing Sex
Education to provide youth with a clear understanding of what Sex Education is. Thus, this
advantages would be applicable if and only if the implementation is successful. In
conclusion, the analysis of the data reveals that the co-researchers' answers based on their
personal insights are consistent in terms of why Sex Education is relevant and the benefits of
Sex Education in a variety of ways.

Page
The seventh emerging theme of the study is the Sexually provocative education
and the drawbacks because of religious matter, everything has an advantage and disadvantage
it is important to define this two concept. The two co-researchers mentioned that the major
downside of Sex Education would be a inveigle youth to be involved in sexual relationships
and intercourse. For the co-researchers, it may provoke such things which is also for the co-
researcher it is only a factor of misunderstanding, as we all known body-related problems are
often ignored or left unsaid. Thus, topics circulating about proper anatomy, fertility, and even
some topics about puberty demonstrate Pilipinos' ignorance and lack of education and with
this situation, the provoking term is applicable because of the insights that encompasses the
culture. 77
Furthermore, balancing the true nature and aim of Sex Education is the one thing to pay
close attention to avoid many fallacy about this matter. With an open environment like social
media, today's generation is allowing their inquisitive minds to explore their uniqueness,
further influencing their well-being and that is the scariest thing that may happen if tons of
people are neglecting the idea and abandoning the individual’s right to learn. Education
would not be successful as it is without truly acknowledging and applying it very seriously in
real life situations, truly all matter has drawback just like a major consequences of neglecting
the religious matter side. But if this matter will continue to be neglected it may be a more
serious disadvantage of Sexual Health Education matter. Thus, the youth must also be
responsible not to let this happen and to be safer and prepare sexual relationships.
The Eighth emerging theme of the study is the parents as the educator of sexual health
education matter and online articles as a source of learning Sex Education. Their answers
Page
shows that most of the co-researcher’s parents are discussing about Sexual Health Education
matter, however as one of the co-researchers mentioned it was limited and parents often used
the basic and unprofessional word compared to proper one, and some of them only uses
fictional movies as the medium of learning. It clearly states that even the parents have a
hesitation to teach their child in some way. The co-researcher answers proved the study that
conducted by Dr. Miel Nora, eighty-five (85) percent of parents are aware of Sex Education
information. Parents, on the other hand, are hesitant and uncertain about the information they
are offering when approached and questioned for a conversation with their children. 78
Thus, because of the shame feeling children may neglect asking about this matter
through their parents. Adolescents, on the other hand, may seek guidance from their peers,
who may provide them with inaccurate information. According to Adewale (2009), teenage
curiosity and a lack of education can sometimes contribute to premarital intercourse, which
can result in unintended pregnancies. Parents is the main source of our knowledge, but it
should be better if professionals are the one who are teaching this young minds regarding this
matter, with this the parents are guiding their child, while the adolescent is learning a
legitimate information from the professionals.
The ninth theme are Sex Education as a taboo topic, the right way to address private
parts and Significance of parents in Sex Education The researchers came up with this theme
because it focuses on the challenges that the co-researchers encountered in learning or talking
about Sex Education. It is also mentioned in the study about the misconceptions about Sex
Education. All of the co-researchers indeed experienced challenges in Sex Education.
Fortunately, the hindrances that they mentioned are included in the research.
Page
The research shows that some people still shy away when talking about Sex
Education, when in fact they should not, because Sex Education should be treated as a normal
subject or topic just like mathematics and science. Furthermore, some adolescent treats the
word ‘penis and vagina’ as words that inappropriate or a word that they are not allowed to
say. Melissa Carnager, a Sex Educator, said that “Body awareness talks are the earliest
conversations parents can have with young children to support their health and safety.” The
role of parents is also dominant in debunking the myths about Sex Education. It is inside the
house that learning factual information in Sex Education should start.
The Tenth and last emerging theme of the study is the maturity as a major component in
learning. The co-researchers answers regarding their advice in specific topic or issue in
Sexual Health Education that should be addressed shows that maturity is one of the
proponents of the healthy and successful Sex Education. Their responses represent the
qualities that mature youth should possess in order to absorb the standard of Sexual Health
Education once it is introduced, that is why the co-researchers come up with the idea of this
emerging theme. As one of the co-researchers said states youth should be responsible and
matured when being taught, and that this type of subject should not make adolescents feel
embarrassed, because it is normal for us as humans. 80
In addition, the proper knowledge of the students about their sex and sexuality will
provide the students with answers to their sex and sexuality questions in an open-minded and
matured discussion in a safe environment, such as schools. People are still not educated with
this matter that is why we are not still open with this topic and considering this matter as a
taboo conversation however when time passes, today's youth are becoming more aware of
Page
their sexuality and bodies. today's generation is allowing their inquisitive minds to explore
their uniqueness, thus influencing their well-being even more. To have a better understanding
of this new period of self-discovery, but adolescents should not discover it in their own way,
it should be taught by right people regarding this matter to avoid such societal problems.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are made based on the summarized observations and
reflections:
 For the Government agency, specifically Department of Education, If Sex
Education will be a part of the curriculum, they should ensure that this kind
of program will give the students quality Sexual Health Education. This
should be thought by teachers and school staff who are well-qualified and
well-trained.
 For the youth, do not think Sex Education just a piece of joke, it should be
taken seriously because lack of education may lead to tons of uncertainties
into our society such as unplanned pregnancy, poverty, the arise number of
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, that’s why youth should always be aware in
this matter.
81
 For more reliable results, future research should extend to various groups of
people and the number of distributed questionnaires should be increased in
order to support and validate the finding.

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 For different mass organizations, continue to advocate Sex Education for the
youth and for the elders to know what the significance of this study and not
to be blind eye toward this situation.
 For the School administrators who supports this kind of advocacy, they can
conduct programs and seminars that should be done in order, to remind and
to make awareness in
Sexual Health Education matter.
 For the Sex Education teachers, continue to learn and formulate activities
which integrates proper Sex Education to the students. To be prepared in
handling real-life situations that may require proper knowledge about sex.
 For the parents, do not be scared about teaching your child proper Sex Edu -
cation. It is your responsibility to provide all the needs of your child; includ-
ing the right to have a proper Sexual Health Education.
82
5.0 REFERENCES
These are the sources of knowledge from which the researchers gathered
information, and which aided them in the study:
UNESCO (2018) Why comprehensive Sexuality Education is important. Retrieved from:
https://en.unesco.org/news/why-comprehensive-sexuality-education-important
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Advocates for Youth (2018) Sex Education Programs: Definitions & Point-by-Point
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Chloe DeGuzman, Jason Krychiw, Justin Victorino with Julie M. Fagan, Ph.D. (2011) Sex
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ScienceDaily (2021) Sex Education. Retrieved from:
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HealthyChildren.org (2009) Adolescent Sexuality: Talk the Talk Before They Walk the
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%20the%20Philippine,education%20will%20increase%20sexual%20relations.
84
Angela Oswalt Morelli(2015) The Development of Adolescent Sexuality Retrieved from:
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B.H. (2020) Panis THE PERCEPTION OF GRADE 12 SHS STUDENTS OF FEU-
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_12_CURRICULUM
UNESCO (2019) New paper busts myths about Comprehensive Sex Education. Retrieved
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S.X. Staff (2015) Key to better Sex Ed: Focus on gender & power. Retrieved from:
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M. Gallao (2019) Sex Education: Level of Knowledge and Its Effects on the Sexual
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Tom Julio (2020) Seven myths about Sex Education debunked. Retrieved from:
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American bar / (2011) Comprehensive Sex Education vs Abstinence only until marriage
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Educate me Softly: Perception of the Selected Humanities and

A Qualitative Research Problem

Agawin Maria Janelle C.

theories that encompass theoretical framework and Review of Related literature.

Furthermore, a self-constructed interview questionnaire was utilized to gather the necessary

number of unwanted and teenage pregnancies, the alarming existence of Sexually

of the respondents are in favor of the implementation of Sexual Health Education.

blind eye towards it.

Comprehensive Sexuality Education hence, according to the country representative of the

Education the Philippines is still in bad shape.

In addition, as recently as 2010, Sexual Education in the Philippines was limited to

female relationships. However, in July of 2018, The Department of Education implemented

teenage pregnancy, prevent the widespread of sexually transmitted diseases.

teenage pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Philippines is increasing

Additionally, the researchers aim to discuss the advantages of implementing Sex

raising awareness about Sex Education inside our society.

Mediating processes transpire between responses and stimuli. Also, behavior is

has establishments in interdisciplinary/cross-curricular education which gives a significant

manner by which understudies can utilize information learned in one setting as an

abilities contemplates. In this way, interdisciplinary educating instructed in the language

Methodologies for checking appreciation, for instance, can be coordinated to perusing

Cultural Organization (UNESCO), is a curriculum-based teaching and learning method in

dignity; cultivate a respectful social and sexual environment.

an actual environment through observation learning.

Comprehensive Sexual Education.

Educate me Softly: Perception of the

Sex Education as a guide Acquiring knowledge in

Scope and Delimitations

of the said topic.

A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

foreign, related to the implementation of a Comprehensive Sex Education to the K-12

described in a number of ways, according to Encarta (2009). It is described as "the physical

and behavioral distinction that distinguishes individual organisms according to their

Concept of Sexual Health Education

As specified by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO) Comprehensive Sexuality Education is a method of teaching and learning about

Definitions & Point-by-Point Comparison” Comprehensive Sex Education is teaching

choices by teaching interpersonal and communication skills. In contrary in Abstinence-Only-

unintended pregnancies. Abstinence-only sex education, on the other hand, is a breach of

from them. (Ott & Santelli, 2018).

Sex Education is still a taboo in many conservatives, in fact Archbishop Oscar

Misconception of Sex education

the most frequently heard misconceptions about Sex Education: 17

discussions about physical intimacy, help people to be more confident. 18

Education help people to have a healthy relationship, it can be a friendship relationship or

violate any beliefs.

Education. However, Teaching Sex Education is not homophobic. In fact, according to

behavior and improved knowledge about Sex Education. (Harberland, 2015]

responsibility that they have when they are having sex. 20

Sex Education is as important as any subject in schools, contrary to the beliefs of

Education to our children and their future.

Importance of Sex education 21

Europe: An Analysis of Current Policies that Comprehensive Sexuality Education is one of

According to the official website of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Population development, according to Lolito Tacardon, Deputy Director of the Commission

on Population (Popcom), is caused by three factors: fertility, mortality, and migration.

overpopulation, high rates of teen pregnancy, and the emergence of HIV.