8 MC Structure
8 MC Structure
Dr C K Biswas
Prof., Dept of ME
MTT
CONTENT
In intermittent type;
• Fluctuating forces due to intermittent cutting in milling, hobbing etc.
FORCES ON M/C TOOLS
2. Gravitational forces
• Dead weight of the major and heavy components of the Machine – Fixture –
Tool – Work (M – F – T – W) system, e.g., workpiece, headstock, tailstock,
saddle, bed and moving tables etc.
3. Frictional forces
• Due to rubbing at the sliding surfaces.
4. Inertia forces
• Due to acceleration and deceleration at the end points of sliding and
reciprocating motions of heavy parts like carriage or saddle, turret slide, tool
slides, moving beds, reciprocating tables, rams, jobs etc.
5. Centrifugal forces
• Due to high speed rotation of eccentric masses
• Due to wide run out or eccentric rotation of jobs, machine tool parts, spindle,
shafts, tools etc.
EFFECTS OF THE VARIOUS FORCES ON MACHINE TOOLS
Design considerations
1. Selection of proper materials
2. High static and dynamic stiffness
FORCES ON LATHE
1. The
4. G = Weight of the work piece
2. force
Reaction forces
acting on in the
the work piecevertical direction
at the given location
RAZ thetool.
of the5.cutting head force
= Reactive stock each
centeracting
A at A and B
RBZ at tail
PZ– Tangential stock center
component, B
main force,
6. K = Pressing force acting on w/p at the tailstock B
3.
PX – Reaction forces
Axial component, feedin the horizontal direction
force,
7. RAY
Tightening
= Reactionforce Pxthe
force at +Khead
acting oncenter
stock w/p atAthe headstock A
PY – Transverse component, thrust
RBY = Reaction force at the tail stock center B
FORCES ON LATHE
Consider vertical plane, the forces are under equilibrium at A:
The maxm bending moments will occur when saddle is at the center, i.e.
Reaction forces
TORSION
𝑀𝑇 𝐻 𝑆 𝑀𝑇 𝑆
𝑀𝑇 𝑇 𝑆
The torquemaxm
Hence, transmitted to bed under the head stock (looking from tailstock side)
shear stress
Now, +
Cutting
Torquevalue of will occur when d =2h
The maxm
The torque transmitted to bed at the tail stock
torsional moment of inertia
The maxm value of
= the distance of the outer edge of the bed section along neutral axis and y axis
The torque transmitted to bed under the saddle
= the distance of the outer edge of the bed section along neutral axis and z axis
BENDING IN VERTICAL DIRECTION
The maxm bending moment will occur at the middle of the bed, so the maxm normal stress in
vertical
The
The bendingdirection
bending momentproduced
moment producedby
bythe
theforces
forces
underthe
under thehead
headstock
stock
underthe
under thetail
tailstock
stock
Where =the
under
under moment
thesaddle
saddleof inertia of the bed section about y axis.
BENDING IN HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
The maxm bending moment will occur at the middle of the bed, so the maxm normal stress in
horizontal direction
So,
Where
Where
Usually, 0.5 degrees per meter length
DESIGN FOR STIFFNESS