City Sanitation Plan

CITY SANITATION PLAN FOR BAREILLY
CITY SANITATION PLAN

FOR BARIELLY
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD

CONTENTS
CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... 1
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... 3
FROM DIRECTOR’S DESK..................................................................................................... 6
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................................... 7
ASCI TEAM .......................................................................................................................... 8
ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................. 9
UNITS OF MEASURE ............................................................................................................ 9
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 12
1.1 NUSP: The Background ................................................................................................................. 12
1.1.1 Concept of Totally Sanitized Cities ...................................................................................... 12
1.1.2 Rating and Categorization of Cities .................................................................................... 13
1.1.3 National Award Scheme for Sanitation for Indian Cities ................................................ 17
1.2 Sanitation Related Policies and Laws ........................................................................................ 17
1.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000..................................................................................... 17
1.2.2 Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS) ................................................................................. 18
1.2.3 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) ................................... 20
1.2.4 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) ....................................................................................................... 20
1.2.5 Urban infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) .. 21
1.2.6 13th Central Finance Commission (CFC) .............................................................................. 22
1.3 Objectives of Bareilly City Sanitation Plan .............................................................................. 22
1.4 City Sanitation Planning and Research Methodology ............................................................ 22
1.4.1 City Sanitation Task Force (CSTF)......................................................................................... 22
Task 1. CSTF MEMBERS..................................................................................................................... 23
Task 2. CSTF Sensitization cum Orientation Workshop .............................................................. 23
Task 3. Final CSTF Workshop .......................................................................................................... 23
1.4.2 Collection of Secondary Data............................................................................................... 24
Task 4. Preparatory Work (Profiling Of NNB) ............................................................................ 24
Task 5. Review/Study of The Current Practices ........................................................................... 25
TASK 6. Condition Assessment ...................................................................................................... 25
Task 7. Ward Profiling as Per City Sanitation Ranking Parameters ....................................... 25
1.4.3 Primary Data Collection and Sampling............................................................................... 25
Task 1. Sample survey results for the basic services ................................................................... 25
Task 2. Field Reconnaissance & Transact Walk ........................................................................... 26
1.4.4 Research Techniques................................................................................................................ 26
1.4.5 Situation Analysis and Mapping Current Status ................................................................ 27
Task 3. Problem Analysis and Assessment of Options ................................................................ 28
Task 4. Communication Gap and Needs Assessment .................................................................. 28
Task 5. Developing a Situation Analysis Report .......................................................................... 28
1.4.6 Developing Bareilly CSP ........................................................................................................ 28
Task 6. Formulation of Vision ........................................................................................................... 29
Task 7. Development of Strategy ................................................................................................... 29
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 1

Task 8. Preparation of Draft CSP ................................................................................................... 29
Task 9. Preparation of Implementation Road Map ..................................................................... 30
1.5 Contents of the Report .................................................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER 2. PROFILE OF BAREILLY CITY ........................................................................ 32
2.1 Location and Regional Linkages ............................................................................................. 32
2.1.1 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 32
2.1.2 Economy..................................................................................................................................... 33
2.2 Physical Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 35
2.2.1 Topography and Land Use Pattern ..................................................................................... 35
Map 1: Bareilly base map .................................................................................................................. 36
2.3 Demography ................................................................................................................................... 37
2.3.1 Urban Poor ............................................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 3. SANITATION SITUATION ANALYSIS .......................................................... 40
SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS.......................................................................................... 40
3.1 Water Supply Management Assessment................................................................................... 40
3.1.1Quantitative Statistics- Water Supply and Demand ......................................................... 41
3.1.2 Qualitative Statistics – Water Supply................................................................................. 42
3.2 Sewerage Management and Access to Toilets Assessment ................................................... 44
3.2.1 Sewerage Generation ............................................................................................................ 45
3.2.2 Sewerage Collection and Conveyance ............................................................................... 45
3.2.3 Sewerage Treatment and Disposal...................................................................................... 46
3.3 Access to Toilets Assessment ......................................................................................................... 46
Map 2: Open Defecation .................................................................................................................... 48
3.3.1 Key Issues .................................................................................................................................. 50
3.3.2 Sanitation Facilities and Situation at Community Toilets .................................................. 51
Map 3: Community Toilets ................................................................................................................... 52
3.3.3 Key issues .................................................................................................................................. 55
3.4 Storm Water Management Assessment ..................................................................................... 56
3.5 Solid Waste Management Assessment ...................................................................................... 57
3.5.1 Key Issues .................................................................................................................................. 57
3.5.2 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal .................................................................................. 59
3.5.3 Dairies ........................................................................................................................................ 60
3.6 Assessment of Water Bodies ....................................................................................................... 64
3.7 Ward-wise Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 65
3.7.1 Population and Density........................................................................................................... 65
3.7.2 Status of Sewer Line Coverage ............................................................................................ 67
3.7.3 Status of Water Supply Coverage ...................................................................................... 67
3.7.4 Status of Sources of Water Supply ..................................................................................... 68
3.7.5 Water Supply - Service Level............................................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 4. INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ............................................. 69
4.1 Institutional Capacity Assessment ................................................................................................ 69
4.1.1 Functions of Local and Parastatal Bodies ........................................................................... 70
4.1.2 Nagar Nigam BAREILLY (NNB) ............................................................................................. 70
4.1.3 Functions of NNB ...................................................................................................................... 70
4.1.4 UP Housing and Development Board .................................................................................. 71
4.1.5 Bareilly Development Authority (BDA) ................................................................................ 71
4.1.6 UP Jal Nigam ........................................................................................................................... 72
4.1.7 Overlap of Institutional Responsibilities .............................................................................. 72
CHAPTER 5. INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES GAP ASSESSMENT ............................... 74

5.1 Performance Gap Assessment – Sewerage ............................................................................. 74
5.1.1 Premises for Infrastructure and Performance Gap Assessment ...................................... 74
5.1.2 Existing Situation of Service Delivery and Gap Assessment ........................................... 75
5.1.3 Identification of Critical Problem Areas .............................................................................. 76
5.2 Performance Gap Assessment – Access to Toilets ................................................................... 77
5.2.3 Identification of Critical Problem Areas – Access to Toilets ............................................ 78
Identification of Critical Problem Areas......................................................................................... 79
5.4 Performance Gap Assessment – Solid Waste Management ................................................ 79
5.4.3 Identification of Critical Problem Areas .............................................................................. 81
CHAPTER 6. IEC AND AWARENESS GENERATION ......................................................... 82
6.1 Elements of IEC and Awareness Generation ............................................................................ 82
6.1.1 Communication Channels ........................................................................................................ 82
6.1.2 Campaign Partners ................................................................................................................. 83
6.1.3 Public Participation.................................................................................................................. 83
6.2 Action Plan....................................................................................................................................... 83
6.2.1 Messages for Stakeholders ................................................................................................... 86
CHAPTER 7. SECTOR SPECIFIC STRATEGIES ................................................................... 89
7.1 City-Level Vision and Goals of Bareilly CSP............................................................................ 89
7.1.2 Framework ................................................................................................................................ 90
7.1.3 Timeline ...................................................................................................................................... 91
7.2 City-Level Critical Problem Areas, Strategy and Recommendations ................................... 92
7.2.1 Sewerage Management ........................................................................................................ 92
7.2.2 Access to Toilets ....................................................................................................................... 98
7.2.3 Storm Water Management ................................................................................................. 103
7.2.4 Solid waste management..................................................................................................... 107
7.3 Action Plans ................................................................................................................................... 109
7.3.1 Technology Options............................................................................................................... 109
7.3.2 Financial Options ................................................................................................................... 110
7.3.3 Institutional & Governance Options ................................................................................... 116
7.3.4 Capacity Enhancement & Awareness Generation Options ........................................... 119
7.3.5 Inclusive Approach................................................................................................................. 120
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Color Codes: Categories of Cities ............................................................................................14

Table 1-2: Methodology and NUSP Rating of the City of Bareilly .......................................................15
Table 1-3: Schedule details of MSW Rules, 2000 .................................................................................17
Table 1-4: ILCS Scheme Details ....................................................................................................................18
Table 1-5: Tasks and Related Research Tools ...........................................................................................26
Table 1-6 : Broad Framework of Situation Analysis .................................................................................27
Table 2-1: Summary of Quick facts: BAREILLY City ..................................................................................33

Table 2: Trend in Population growth............................................................................................................37
Table 3: Projected Populations and City Level Infrastructure Demand .................................................38
Table 3-1: Water Supply-Demand Statistics - BAREILLY City ................................................................41
Table 3-2: Primary Water Quality Criteria for Various Uses of Fresh Water - CPCB Norms ........64
Table 5-1: List of Norms, Specifications and Assumptions .......................................................................74
Table 5-2: General Discharge Standards ..................................................................................................75
Table 5-3: List of Norms, Specifications & Standards - Storm Water Management .........................78
Table 5-4: List of Norms, Specifications & Standards - Storm Water Management .........................79
Table 6-1: Action Plan for IEC Campaign & Communication Strategy .................................................84
Table 6-2: Advocacy Action Plan .................................................................................................................85
Table 6-3 : Messages and Different Channels of Communications to Various Target Audiences ...86
Table 7-1: Assumptions for Strategic Planning ..........................................................................................90
Table 7-2: Assumptions for Strategic Planning ..........................................................................................91
Table 7-3: Phases and Timelines for City Sanitation Strategy ...............................................................91
Table 7-4: Targets for Service Delivery Levels in Sewerage Management Sector ...........................92
Table 7-5: Design Inputs - Sewerage Management System ...................................................................94
Table 7-6: Assessment of Septage Collection Vehicle Requirement ......................................................94
Table 7-7: Targets for Service Delivery Levels in Access to Toilets Sector ..........................................98
Table 7-8: Assumptions for provision of Toilet Facilities in Slum Areas .................................................99
Table 7-9: Design Inputs - Access to Toilets Strategy ...............................................................................99
Table 7-10: Design Phases - Access to Toilets Sector ............................................................................ 100
Table 7-11: Targets for Service Delivery Levels in Storm water Management Sector .................. 103
Table 7-12: Source Control Strategies ..................................................................................................... 104
Table 7-13: Source Control Initiatives ...................................................................................................... 104
Table 14: Targets for Service Delivery Levels in SOLID WASTE Management Sector .................. 107
Table 7-15: Financing Source and Related Options .............................................................................. 115
Table 7-16: Institutional and Governance Action Plan .......................................................................... 117
Table 7-17: Inclusive Approach Action Plan ............................................................................................ 120

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: NUSP Rating of BAREILLY City: Identification of Problem Areas ......................................16
Figure 1-2 Final Cstf Presentation At Nnb On 1st Dec, 2012 ................................................................24
Figure 1-3: Data Assimilation Process ..........................................................................................................27
Figure 1-4: Essential Components of CSP....................................................................................................30
Figure 3-1: SLB for Water Supply Sector – Bareilly City .......................................................................40
Figure 3-2: SLB for Sewerage Management and Access to Toilets – Bareilly City............................44
Figure 3-3: SLB for Solid Waste Management assessment– Bareilly City ...........................................57
Figure 4-1: Overlap of Institutional Responsibilities - Bareilly City .......................................................72
Figure 5-1: Overview of Performance Gap Assessment - Sewerage Management ..........................76
Figure 5-2: Overview of Performance Gap Assessment – Storm Water Management ....................79
Figure 5-3: Overview of Performance Gap Assessment – Solid Waste Management .....................81
Figure 7-1: Broad Instrumental Outcomes - Institutional & Governance Action Plan ....................... 117

FROM DIRECTOR’S DESK
“Water is Life and Sanitation is Dignity.”
The above quote well impresses upon one the fact that sanitation is the most important aspect for a
healthy and dignified living.
Often sanitation is considered to be synonymous to just the solid waste management, especially in the
ULBs. To set right this flawed concept, sanitation ideally can be defined as a culmination of efforts to
manage the access to toilets, safe management of human excreta, liquid and solid waste, including
their safe confined treatment, disposal and associated hygiene-related practices. With increasing
urbanization sanitation is becoming a severe problem in all cities in our country.
There arises a need for integrated solutions to take account of the various elements of environmental
sanitation, fecal management and disposal, solid waste management; management of industrial and
other specialized / hazardous wastes; drainage; as also the management of the quality of the
drinking water supply. This is the main aim and purpose underlying the preparation of City Sanitation
Plan.
We take an opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to all the officials who have helped and
supported us throughout the process which made the completion of the report possible. Extensive and
rigorous discussions with ULB officials have well-defined the efforts and the resulting outcomes. The
City Sanitation Plan for the city of Bareilly presents effective strategies for the greater access to
sanitation for the city population coupled with safe disposal of solid and liquid waste generated
throughout the city by suggesting environment friendly and sustainable technical options.
Prof. Srinivas Chary Vedala
Dean & Director

Centre for Energy, Environment, Urban Governance & Infrastructure Development
Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks can never be expressed in plain words.
We wish to place on record our gratitude to Dr. I. S. Tomar, Mayor, Bareilly City and Mr. Umesh
Pratap Singh, Municipal Commissioner, Bareilly for supplementing and whole-heartedly supporting the
efforts towards action research and the development of City Sanitation Plan for the city of Bareilly.
Our Special thanks to Gyan Jyoti Siksha Samiti, for undertaking the primary survey of city and their
continuous support. This study would not have been possible without the facilitation and cooperation of
Nagar Nigam Bareilly and respective parastatal agencies.
Mr. B.K. Gupta, Additional Municipal Commissioner, Bareilly, CSP Nodal Officer and Mr. Hari Om for
their whole heartedly support and assistance to us in undertaking action research and developing City
Sanitation Plan of Bareilly City
We express our sincere thanks to all the people who supported us and helped to finish this document
with all the specifications.
Prof. Srinivas Chary Vedala
Dean & Director

Centre for Energy, Environment, Urban Governance & Infrastructure Development

ASCI TEAM
The team which has put forth dedicated efforts towards the completion of this CSP report
consists of the following:
Prof. Srinivasa Chary Vedala

Dean & Director
CEEUG&ID
Col Jagdish Jamwal

Advisor
CEEUG&ID
Mr. Rajratna Sardar

Senior Research Associate
CEEUG&ID

ABBREVIATIONS
BDA Bareilly Development Authority

ASCI Administrative Staff College of India
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BOOT Buy-Own-Operate and Transfer
BPL Below Poverty Line
BSUP Basic Services to the Urban Poor
CAA Constitution Amendment Act
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CSP City Sanitation Plan
CT Community Toilets
CSTF City sanitation Task Force
DPR Detailed Project Report
FGD Focus Group Discussions
GoI Government of India
HHs Households
HSC House Service Connections
IEC Information, Education, Communication
ILCS Integrated Low Cost Sanitation
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
MSL Mean Sea Level
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
NNB Nagar Nigam Bareilly
NRW Non-Revenue Water
NUSP National Urban Sanitation Policy
OD Open Defecation
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PSP Public Stand Posts
RWA Residents Welfare Association
SI Sanitary Inspector
SLB Service Level Benchmarking
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SWM Solid Waste Management
ULB Urban Local Body
UGD Under Ground Drainage
WC Water Closet
UNITS OF MEASURE
lpcd liters per capita per day

m meter
MLD million liters per day
sq.m square meter
TPD tonnes per day

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This document presents City Sanitation Plan (CSP) of Bareilly City Municipal Corporation. Bareilly is
one of the 10 cities whose CSPs have been prepared by ASCI in partnership with Government of UP
and NNB.
The CSP process in Bareilly city endeavors to identify the various areas that are affected by various
issues with different sectors of sanitation, (viz. sewerage, solid waste management, storm water
drainage and water supply) and also to provide guidance towards the solutions of the identified
issues.
This has been made possible through an extensive participatory approach including field visits,
repeated discussions with various stakeholders, sample surveys, etc. Acquiring and assimilation of
varied secondary information also formed an important part of the process.
The plan preparation process was carried out using methodology requiring wide range of data in
various areas and population groups, to develop robust analysis and produce outputs. The data
collection included both primary and secondary sources and detail analysis of them.
The analysis in turn has paved the way for the preparation of the proposal for various strategies to
alleviate the sanitary conditions of the place, so that Bareilly city may well overcome the various
plaguing issues and thereby a healthy sanitized environment prevails for the citizens.
The report has two major sections –

 The Situational Analysis
 The Sanitation Strategies
The former section deals with depicting the city and its present status with regards to sanitation.
The aim is to highlight the existing conditions regarding access and coverage of sanitary facilities,
identify the gaps and striking issues, and understand the behavioral aspects of various sections of
the society. This section is covered from Chapter 1 to Chapter 4.
The later section thereafter provides gap identification, strategies and solutions to bridge the
identified gaps, mitigate the existing issues, and provide ways and means to aid the sustenance of
the existing and proposed strategies and projects.
The Situational Analysis
Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the CSP process, its background, and the objectives behind it.
This is followed by the step-by-step methodology of the CSP process, as well as the status of the
CSP for the Bareilly city. The process of collection of baseline information – both primary and
secondary, has been explained at length. Also presents a review of the policies & programmes
that are prevalent and followed in Uttar Pradesh to improve the sanitation conditions in the urban
areas. It gives detailed insight into the NUSP 2008 and the sanitation ranking of cities, the MSW
2000 rules, the ILCS scheme, Rajiv Awas Yojana, UIDSSMT and 13th FC which have been taken up
for the improvement of access and coverage of sanitary facilities.
Chapter 2 deals with the City Profile where the various aspects of the city are discussed in order
to get a fair idea about the city itself. Aspects such as location, regional linkages, demography,
economic, land use and housing profiles, the slum and squatter settlements are discussed in brief.

Chapter 3 summarizes the Institutional Arrangements in Bareilly and Finance Information of NNB.
Functions of NNB and Parastatal bodies and overlap of institutional responsibly is also briefly
discussed. Later part of chapter discusses financial information of NNB related to Water Supply,
Sewerage & Drainage and Solid Waste Management.
Chapter 4: Section A covers the Service Profile of Bareilly City. The aim of the chapter is to
present a clear picture of the existing systems of sanitation in the city. It contains four sectors;
Water supply system, Sewerage & Sanitation, Solid Waste Management and, Storm Water
Drainage system of the city. The performance of each of the sectors is evaluated through Service
Level Benchmarking (SLB) indicators. In Section B discusses Sanitation Situation in Bareilly City
based on information collected by primary sample survey. In this chapter situation analysis is done
both at the Household and community level.
The Sanitation Strategies
Chapter 5 covers the Gap Identification and Analysis. In this chapter four sectors (Water supply
system, Solid waste Management Sewerage and sanitation and, Storm water drainage system)
are analyzed based on the captured and available information. Within each sector, the gaps and
issues in access and coverage are identified, the problem areas are clearly demarcated, and
projections are also made for the future years, later part covers the communication need
assessment.
Chapter 6 This chapter discusses sanitation consciousness and appropriate IEC & communication
methodologies for Bareilly city.
Chapter 7 The City Wide Sanitation Strategies and Roadmap are presented. It provides the vision
for the CSP and its goals. Thereafter, recommendations of most appropriate options and basic
guiding strategies for Water Supply, Solid Waste Management, Sewerage and Drainage are
suggested. Strategies have been provided to improve coverage and access to sanitation facilities
in phased manner. Concluding the report budget plan to implement effectively the short term
proposal and, overall plan for mid-term and long term is also proposed.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Topics of Discussion
 NUSP: The Background
 Sanitation Related Policies and Laws
 Objectives of City Sanitation Plan
 City Sanitation Planning & Research Methodology
1.1 NUSP: The Background

The National Urban sanitation Policy launched during 2008 envisages “All Indian cities and towns
become totally sanitized, healthy and livable and ensure and sustain good public health and
environmental outcomes for all their citizens with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation
facilities for the urban poor and women.”
With this vision, the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) intends to facilitate provision of
appropriate sanitation facilities in all cities and towns, through policy, institutional, technical and
financial interventions. Some of the areas to address under NUSP include open defecation free towns,
providing access to toilets for poor people, waste water and solid waste treatment and disposal and
achieving public health outcomes and environmental standards.
The overall goal of National policy is to transform Urban India into community-driven, totally sanitized,
healthy and livable cities and towns. Specific goals include – (1) Awareness Generation and Behavior
Change; (2) Open Defecation Free Cities; (3) Integrated City-Wide Sanitation; (4) Sanitary and Safe
Disposal, and (5) Proper Operation & Maintenance of all Sanitary Installations.
Against this background, and in recognition of its importance to national and state development, the
Integrated City-Wide Sanitation Plan for Bareilly City is prepared to provide city-wide systematic
approach and framework to achieve the goals contemplated under NUSP. Govt. of India shall
support the following components under NUSP:
 Awareness Generation
 Institutional Roles
 Reaching the Un-Served and Poor Households
 Knowledge Development
 Capacity Building
 Financing
 National Monitoring & Evaluation
 Coordination at the National Level
1.1.1 Concept of Totally Sanitized Cities

A totally Sanitized City will be one that has achieved the outputs or milestones specified in the
National Urban Sanitation policy, the salient features of which are as follows:

 Cities must be open defecation free
 Must eliminate the practice of manual scavenging and provide adequate personnel protection
equipment that addresses the safety of sanitation workers.
 Municipal wastewater and storm water drainage must be safely managed
 Recycle and reuse of treated wastewater for non-potable applications should be implemented
wherever possible.
 Solid Waste collected and disposed off fully and safely
 Services to the Poor and Systems for Sustaining Results
 Improved Public Health Outcomes and Environmental Standards
1.1.2 Rating and Categorization of Cities

The rating of cities in regard to their performance in sanitation improvements will be based on set of
objective indicators of outputs, processes and outcomes.
Three Categories of Indicators
The rating exercise will involve three categories of indicators:
Output Related Indicators: pertain to the city having achieved certain results or outputs in different
dimensions of sanitation ranging from behavioral aspects and provision, to safe collection, treatment
and disposal without harm to the city’s environment. There are nine main output-indicators accounting for
50 points of the total of 100 points.
Process Related Indicators: pertain to systems and procedures that exist and are practiced by the city
agencies to ensure sustained sanitation. There are seven main process-indicators accounting for 30 points
of the total of 100 points.
Outcome Related Indicators: include the quality of drinking water and that of water in water-bodies
of city, as also the extent of reduction in sanitation-related and water-borne diseases in the city over a
time period. There are three main outcome-indicators accounting for 20 points of a total of 100 points1.
Ideally, data for the above outputs, processes and outcomes are regularly collected by city authorities
but at present, very few cities will have, at best, partial data available. This rating exercise will help
in highlighting the need for regular data-collection and monitoring of indicators.
On the basis of the said rating scheme, cities will be placed in different categories as presented in
Table 1-1 and the distribution of the 436 cities is also depicted. National rating survey data will utilize
these categories for publication of results. On the basis of plans prepared and implemented, cities will
be able to measure the results of their actions, and be able to clearly chart out their improvements
over time compared to their baseline situation.

TABLE 1-1: COLOR CODES: CATEGORIES OF CITIES
NO. OF
NO. CATEGORY POINTS DESCRIPTION
CITIES
Cities on the brink of public health and environmental

1 Red ≤33 204
“emergency”; needing immediate remedial action
2 Black 34-66 228 Needing considerable improvements

3 Blue 67-90 4 Recovering but still diseased
4 Green 91-100 0 Healthy and Clean city
On achievement of remarkable results, i.e. coming into the Green category (Healthy and Clean City),
cities will typically become eligible for the national award. Other cities showing remarkable
incremental performance or selective achievements may also be given special or honorary awards.
Cities in different size-classes may also be considered for category-wise awards. Based on results of
the Rating survey and selection of awardees, cities will be invited to participate in a National Urban
Sanitation Award ceremony.
Findings of a survey commissioned by MoUD rated 423 Class-I (with a population of more than
100,000) Indian cities on safe sanitation practices. Bareilly has been ranked at 188 out of 423 Class I
cities, scoring ‘36.2' marks out of 100 marks and in Black category. This means performance of
Bareilly in regard to safe sanitation is abysmal on various indicators. A complete profiling of Bareilly
against 19 parameters has been presented below in a table, indicating the present status and
identifying few targets which can be achieved in a phase wise manner – short-term, mid-term and long
term

TABLE 1-2: METHODOLOGY AND NUSP RATING OF THE CITY OF BAREILLY

INDICATORS POINTS POINTS SCORED BY BAREILLY
1 OUTPUT RELATED 50 16.6
A No open defecation
Access and use of toilets by urban poor and other un-served households (including slums) - individual and community 4 3
i.
sanitation facilities
ii. Access and use of toilets for floating and institutional populations - adequate public sanitation facilities 4 1.6
iii. No open defecation visible 4 1.5
iv. Eliminate Manual Scavenging and provide personnel protection equipment to sanitary workers 4 4
B Proportion of total human excreta generation that is safely collected (6 points for 100%) 6 2.5
C Proportion of total black waste water generation that is treated and safely disposed off (6 points for 100%) 6 0
D Proportion of total grey waste water generation that is treated and safely disposed off (3 points for 100%) 3 0
E Proportion of treated water that is recycled and reused for non-potable applications 3 3
F Proportion of total storm-water and drainage that is efficiently and safely managed (3 points for 100%) 3 3
G Proportion of total solid waste generation that is regularly collected (4 points for 100%) 4 1
H Proportion of total solid waste generation that is treated and safely disposed off (4 points for 100%) 4 0
I City wastes cause no adverse impacts on surrounding areas outside city limits (5 points for 100%) 5 0
2 PROCESS RELATED** 30 11.6
A M&E systems are in place to track incidences of open defecation 4 0
All sewerage systems in the city are working properly and there is no ex-filtration (Not applicable for cities without 5 5
B
sewerage systems)
Septage / sludge is regularly cleaned, safely transported and disposed after treatment, from on-site systems in the city 5 0
C
(Maximum 10 marks for cities without sewerage systems)
D Underground and surface drainage systems are functioning and are well maintained 4 2
Solid waste management (collection and treatment) systems are efficient (and are in conformity with the MSW Rules, 5 2.1
E
2003)
There is clear institutional responsibility assigned; and there are documented operational systems in practice for b/c) to e) 4 0
F
above
G Sanctions for deviance on part of polluters and institutions is clearly laid out and followed in practice 3 2.5
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD

INDICATORS POINTS POINTS SCORED BY BAREILLY

3 OUTCOME RELATED 20 8
A Improved quality of drinking water in city compared to baseline 7 6
B Improved water quality in water bodies in and around city compared to baseline 7 0
C Reduction in water-borne disease incidence amongst city population compared to baseline 6 2
GRAND TOTAL 100 36.2
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AREAS

Based on the survey conducted in the City of Bareilly to assess the sanitation situation against the defined nineteen (19) indicators grouped under the three categories
related to output, process and outcome; it may be fairly inferred that there are areas under the three categories which require immediate attention in order to improve the
condition of sanitation.
Figure 1-1: NUSP Rating of BAREILLY City: Identification of Problem Areas
IDENTIFIED PROBLEM AREAS -
Output Related Category

 Sewerage Management
 Safe collection of human
excreta
 Treatment & Disposal of black
& grey water
 Recycle & Reuse of treated
water
 Solid Waste Management
 Regular collection of MSW
 Treatment & Disposal of MSW
Process Related Category
 Institutional, Governance and
Regulatory
 Clear role & responsibilities
 Operational systems
 Sanctions for non-compliance
Outcome Related Category
 Improved Quality of Drinking
Water in City
 Water quality in water bodies, in
and around the city
 Reduction in water-borne diseases

1.1.3 National Award Scheme for Sanitation for Indian Cities

In order to rapidly promote sanitation in urban areas of the country (as provided for in the National
Urban Sanitation Policy and Goals 2008) and to recognize excellent performance in this area,
Government of India has instituted an annual award scheme for cities. The award is based on the
premise that improved public health and environmental standards are the two outcomes that cities must
seek to ensure for urban citizens. In doing so, governments in states and urban areas will need to plan
and implement holistic city-wide sanitation plans, thereby put in place processes that help reach outputs
pertaining to safe collection, disposal and disposal (including conveyance, treatment, and/ or re-use
without adverse impacts on the environment in and around the cities). It may be noted that the awards
will not recognize mere inputs, hardware or expenditure incurred in urban sanitation but assess how
these lead to achievements of intermediate milestones toward the final result of 100 % safe disposal
of wastes from the city on a sustainable basis. Cities will need to raise the awareness of city
stakeholders (households, establishments, industries, municipal functionaries, media, etc.) since improved
sanitation can ensure improved public health and environmental outcomes only if considerable changes
in behavior and practice take place across the spectrum of society.
1.2 Sanitation Related Policies and Laws

1.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000
The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were published under the
notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests. In exercise of the
powers conferred by section 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the
Central Government hereby made the rules to regulate the management and handling of the municipal
solid wastes, 2000.
Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 (MSW Rules) are applicable to every
municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and
disposal of municipal solids. The Rules contains four Schedules namely;
TABLE 1-3: SCHEDULE DETAILS OF MSW RULES, 2000
Schedule-I Relates to implementation Schedule

Specifications relating to collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and
Schedule-II
disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW).
Specifications for land filling indicating; site selection, facilities at the site, specifications
Schedule-III for and filling, Pollution prevention, water quality monitoring, ambient air quality
monitoring, Plantation at landfill site, closure of landfill site and post care.
Indicate waste processing options including; standards for composting, treated l
Schedule-IV
lakhtates and incinerations.

The MSW Rules -2000 categorically state the roles and responsibilities of ULBs, the State Govt., the
Union Territory Administrations and the Pollution Control Boards. The roles of the ULBs as stated are as
follows:
 Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible for the
implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for any infrastructure development for
collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes.
 The municipal authority or an operator of a facility shall make an application in Form-I, for grant
of authorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facility including landfills from the
State Board or the Committee in order to comply with the implementation programme laid down in
Schedule I.
 The municipal authority shall comply with these rules as per the implementation schedule laid down
in Schedule I.
 The municipal authority shall furnish its annual report -
o To the Secretary-in-charge of the Department of Urban Development of the concerned State
or as the case may be of the Union territory, in case of a metropolitan city; or
o To the District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner concerned in case of all other towns and
cities, with a copy to the State Board or the Committee on or before the 30th day of June
every year.
1.2.2 Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS)

The programme envisages construction of new sanitary latrines in households not having latrines by
adopting the low-cost leach pit system, with an objective to eliminate dry latrines and manual
scavenging. The scheme is being implemented with 63% HUDCO loan, 32% Government of India
subsidy and 5% of contribution of beneficiary. Initially during the year 1992 the Integrated Low Cost
Sanitation Scheme was taken up in 34 municipalities, subsequently extended the programme covering
all the Urban Local Bodies in a phased programme. The scheme was implemented in all 113 Urban
Local Bodies with HUDCO financial assistance.
TABLE 1-4: ILCS SCHEME DETAILS
EARLIER PROVISION REVISED PROVISION

The scheme has been taken on a 'whole town The earlier programme was town-wise for
basis' and the towns having population less population upto 5 lakh as per 1981 census
than 5 lakh are being covered which need not be restricted any more as the
1
whole country is to be declared as scavenger
free. The new guidelines will cover all towns on
"All Town" basis.

EARLIER PROVISION REVISED PROVISION

Pattern of Assistance: The HUDCO is providing 75% subsidy for the EWS beneficiaries 15% of
loan and a mix of subsidy from the Central State's contribution and 10% of Beneficiaries
Government in a synchronized manner as per contribution.
the following financing pattern.
2
Category/Subsidy/Loan/Beneficiary Contribution
 EWS/45%/50%/5%
 LIG/25%/60%/15%
 MIG/HIG/Nil/75%/25%
The present unit cost for different categories of Provision of subsidy including the superstructure
sanitary latrines is as follows:- 5 user unit in case of individual toilets: An upper ceiling of
3
Rs4000.00, 10 user unit Rs6000.00, 15 user unit Rs. 10,000/-for complete unit of pour flush units
Rs7000.00 Super structure cost not included. with superstructure.
No provision of IEC component. It is proposed to include the Information,
Education and Communication (IEC) component
with 1% of the total central allocations under
4
the scheme in each of the financial year with the
Ministry. In case the funds retained are not
utilized, these may be utilized in the projects.
No involvement/ participation of NGOs at NGOs may be involved by the State
implementation stage. Governments in the implementation of the
scheme in various activities meant for the benefit
of EWS population under the scheme with
5
maximum charges upto 15% over and above
the total project cost to be borne by the Centre
and States in the ratio of 5:1 at different stages
of implementation.
Technology used for construction and conversion Options like septic tank, connecting to small
of toilets was as per HUDCO's bore or conventional sewer network etc. may
pattern/recommendation. also be permitted under the cost ceiling.
Technology which can enable to tap local
6
resources should be permitted to be adopted.
State implementing agencies may decide the
technology best suited for the site/ locality
which may be adopted.

1.2.3 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

The aim of JNNURM is to encourage reforms and fast track planned development of identified cities.
The prime focus of JNNURM is stimulate efficiency in urban infrastructure and service delivery
mechanisms, community participation, and accountability of ULBs/ parastatal agencies towards citizens.
Objectives of JNNURM:
 Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in cities covered under the
Mission;
 Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management through a slew of reforms
for long-term project sustainability;
 Ensuring adequate funds to meet the deficiencies in urban infrastructural services;
 Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, outgrowths and urban
corridors leading to dispersed urbanization;
 Scale-up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to
the urban poor;
 Special focus on urban renewal programme for the old city areas to reduce congestion; and
 Provision of basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices,
improved housing, water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing universal
services of the government for education, health and social security.
1.2.4 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)

The Government has initiated a new scheme called Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) for the slum dwellers and
the urban poor. This scheme aims at providing Central support to States that are willing to assign
property rights to slum dwellers. The Government’s effort would be to create a Slum-free India through
the implementation of RAY.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) has prepared Guidelines for Slum
Free City Planning to assist the preparatory activities under RAY and this has been circulated to all
States/UTs. RAY calls for a multi-pronged approach focusing on the following aspects:
 Bringing existing slums within the formal system and enabling them to avail the same level of basic
amenities as the rest of the town/city.
 Redressing the failures of the formal system that lead to the creation of slums; and
 Tackling the shortages of urban land and housing that keep shelter out of reach of the urban poor
and force them to resort to extra-legal solutions in a bid to retain their sources of livelihood and
employment.
Under the Slum Free City Planning guidelines, there is a requirement for the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
to build an inventory of existing spatial data available with various agencies. Often ULBs, other than
metropolitan cities, do not have centralized spatial data. Under RAY, it is planned to have ‘Technical
Cell’, which will have responsibilities to coordinate and collect data from state governments,

NRSC/ISRO, Survey of India, National Informatics Centre (NIC) etc. If the city base map is not
available, a base map of the city would be generated using standard guidelines set forth under the
project.
As given in the Slum Free City Planning (SFCP) guidelines, the preparation of Slum-free City Plan will
broadly involve survey of all slums – notified and non-notified; mapping of slums using the state-of-art
technology; integration of geo-spatial and socio-economic data; and identification of development
model proposed for each slum. To achieve these things, a systematic approach is essential which will be
useful for various other developmental planning initiatives for the urban poor. The present technical
manual details the steps to be followed for slum mapping using satellite data, GPS, Total Station
Survey in preparing GIS database, MIS development of non-spatial data collected and integration of
GIS with MIS to enable generating Plan of Action (PoA) for slum free cities.
RAY envisages that each State would prepare a State Slum-free Plan of Action (POA). The
preparation of legislation for assignment of property rights to slum dwellers would be the first step for
State POA. The POA would need to be in two parts,
Part-1 regarding the up gradation of existing slums and Part-2 regarding the action to prevent new
slums; In Part-1 the State would need to survey and map all exiting slums in selected cities proposed
by the State for coverage under RAY. In Part-2 the Plan would need to assess the rate of growth of
the city with a 20 year perspective, and based on the numbers specify the actions proposed to be
taken to obtain commensurate lands or virtual lands and promote the construction of affordable EWS
houses so as to stay abreast of the demand. This part would need also to make necessary legislative
and administrative changes to enable urban land expansion, and in town planning regulations to
legislate reservations for EWS/LIG housing in all new developments.
Slum-free City Cell in Urban Local Body headed by the Municipal Commissioner/Executive Officer will
be primarily responsible for the preparation of Slum-free City Plans based on guidelines provided by
the concerned State Government and support extended by the Nodal Agency for Rajiv Awas Yojana
at the State level.
1.2.5 Urban infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Towns
(UIDSSMT)
UIDSSMT aims at improvement in urban infrastructure in towns and cities in a planned manner. It shall
subsume the existing schemes of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) and
Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP).
The objectives of the UIDSSMT scheme are to:
 Improve infrastructural facilities and help create durable public assets and quality oriented
services in cities & towns

 Enhance public-private-partnership in infrastructural development and
 Promote planned integrated development of towns and cities.
1.2.6 13th Central Finance Commission (CFC)

Importantly, the report of 13th CFC released in February 2010 recommended general performance
grants and special area performance grants to be linked to performance of ULBs. Moreover,
allocations to ULBs would now be linked to divisible pool replacing the previous ad-hoc
allocation. Grants to the tune of Rs. 23,111 crores have been allocated to ULBs for the period 2010-
15, a four-fold growth over the 12th CFC allocation.
The 13th CFC recommends state governments and ULBs to focus on improved property tax revenues,
urban service standards, strengthened local body framework, improved municipal accounting,
introduce system of independent ombudsmen, and put in place a system of electronic transfer of grants
to ULBs among other things.
1.3 Objectives of Bareilly City Sanitation Plan

The City Sanitation Plan (CSP) is aimed at PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF CITY-WIDE
developing and maintaining a clean, safe and APPROACH –
pleasant physical environment in Bareilly city to  Collection and sanitary disposal of wastes,
including solid wastes, liquid wastes,
promote social, economic and physical well- excreta, industrial wastes, clinical and other
being of all sections of the population. It hazardous wastes;
 Collection and management of storm water
encompasses plan of action for achieving 100%
drainage;
sanitation in the city of Bareilly through demand  Cleansing of thoroughfares, markets and
generation and awareness campaign, other public spaces;
 Environmental sanitation education;
sustainable technology selection, construction
 Inspection and enforcement of sanitary
and maintenance of sanitary infrastructure, regulations;
provision of services, O&M issues, institutional  Monitoring the observance of environmental
standards
roles and responsibilities, public education, community and individual action, regulation and legislation.
1.4 City Sanitation Planning and Research Methodology

CSP tries to detail out how the city plan is to deliver the sanitary outcomes defined in NUSP and state
strategy, in coordination with other line departments to ensure a well collaborated approach engaging
all stakeholders including governmental and non-governmental civic service providers. The scope of
CSPs broadly encompass following major tasks:
1.4.1 City Sanitation Task Force (CSTF)

The first step in making the cities 100% sanitized is to elevate the consciousness about sanitation in the
mind of municipal agencies, government agencies and most importantly, amongst the people of the
city. As per the requirement of CSP, major role is to be played by the members of institutions,

organizations, individuals, NGOs, academics, journals, local councilors, industry owners, consultants,
representatives of private sector, etc. Constitution of CSTF is facilitated by drawing members from
these groups in consensus with NNB who will be constantly supporting the CSP preparation by
analyzing the strengths and competencies required to overcome the current situation and for better
sanitation facilities.
For this purpose, CSTF has to be constituted in the ULB and it has to organize a multi-stakeholder,
multi-party meeting in the preparatory stage, and take a formal resolution to make the city 100%
sanitized. CSTF has been constituted by Nagar Nigam Bareilly (NNB). (Please refer to Annexure 1 for
the policy paper on the formalization of CSTF for city of Bareilly
The roles and responsibilities of CSTF will include:
 Launching the City 100% Sanitation Campaign

 Generating awareness
 Approving materials and progress reports
 Approving the City Sanitation Plan
 Providing overall guidance
 Fixing of responsibilities on a permanent basis.
Task 1. CSTF MEMBERS

The City Sanitation Task Force (CSTF) plays a very important part in the formulation and
implementation of the CSP in a city. The importance of CSTF and their functions were clearly portrayed
to the NNB authorities. As per the guidelines of NUSP 2008, the NNB constituted the CSTF for the city
of Bareilly. (Please refer to Annexure 2 for the final list of CSTF members for Bareilly city)
Task 2. CSTF Sensitization cum Orientation Workshop

A City level sensitization cum orientation workshop was organised at Nagar Nigam Bareilly on15
December, 2010. All the CSTF members, Nagar Ayukta Mr. Prabhat Mittal, Swastha Adhikari Dr. R.K.
Sharma and other NNB officials attended the meeting, while Col. Jamwal of ASCI gave a detailed
presentation highlighting the various aspects of City Sanitation Plan as per the NUSP 2008.
Task 3. Final CSTF Workshop

Final CSTF workshop was organised at Mayor’s office, Nagar Nigam Bareilly on 1st December 2012.
All the CSTF members, City Mayor Dr. I.S.Tomar, Nagar Ayukta Umesh Pratab Singh and Other NNB
officials attended the meeting, while Mr. Rajratna Sardar of ASCI gave a precise final presentation.

FIGURE 1-2 FINAL CSTF PRESENTATION AT NNB ON 1ST DEC, 2012
It was communicated that the purpose of workshop was to highlight the need to engage with issues
relating to sanitation access and arrangement especially in slums; awareness generation for changed
behaviour and practices; community participation and mobilization to accord sanitation priority at all
levels from policy to action on ground; and a number of technical, institutional and financial issues to be
addressed in CSP and its various steps of preparation.
1.4.2 Collection of Secondary Data

Secondary data collection and review of available information from various sources has been
conducted as per the underlying objectives of CSP. The officials of BNN, BDA, JNB, UP Jal Nigam,
DUDA and other parastatal agencies shall be duly involved in the validation process. The following
steps define the process of secondary data collection-
Task 4. Preparatory Work (Profiling Of NNB)

As a preparatory work, a preliminary profiling of NNB will be undertaken using SLB indicators and
City Sanitation Rating to highlight the open defecation free (ODF) status, sanitation situation, health
indicators and current projects. This will also be strengthen the further investigation by transect walks,
field visits and primary data collection.

Task 5. Review/Study of The Current Practices

This includes a review of sector strategies in water, sanitation and solid waste management at state
and city level. DPRs prepared on these sectors will be studied in detail and analysed. Also regional
and state urban strategies to know the dynamics of urbanisation pattern will be studied and examined
in details.
TASK 6. Condition Assessment

Choices of toilet in the city and their effectiveness along with pictures on super structure, below ground,
design models and materials used for different uses like residential, industries, public spaces and new
areas.
Task 7. Ward Profiling as Per City Sanitation Ranking Parameters

City as a number of spatial units will look at indicators pertaining to the practice of open defecation,
access to sanitation (individual, community and public), collection, treatment and disposal of solid and
liquid wastes, proper upkeep and maintenance of the sanitation infrastructure, clear institutional roles
and responsibilities and improvements in health and environment as per the “City Sanitation Rating”.
1.4.3 Primary Data Collection and Sampling

Data collection is facilitated to a limited extent through rapid field surveys, sample surveys, case
studies, consultations, transect walks, FGDs, etc., to validate and supplement the secondary data. The
data will be collected as per formats/templates and questionnaires after brief orientation to the
stakeholders. Random stratified sampling in typical cases (slums, schools, wards commercial places,
public latrines, surface drains, solid waste arrangements, industries, health and educational institutions
etc.) evenly distributed all over the city to cover all representative types of situations.
Task 1. Sample survey results for the basic services

Purpose: The objective of conducting the sample field survey was to assess the services at the customer
level / field level and validate the information given by the officials.
Methodology: Samples were taken across the different parts of the city to validate the information. The
distribution of the samples is given in the table as follows.
Areas covered: The survey covered spatially all parts of the city, but the main focus was given to the
following areas -
ACTIVITIES FOCUSED AREAS TOOLS SAMPLING SAMPLE SIZE

1 Household survey of Household level Questionnaire Random 300 HHs
residential & slum areas Sampling
2 CNA through Focused Slum areas, residential areas, Check list Random 12 – 15 FGDs
Group Discussions elected representatives, and Sampling
other potential areas
3 Institutions Collector office, NNB office, Questionnaire Random 10 (in Nos.)
Bus & Rail station Sampling
4 Community Toilets All potential areas Questionnaire Random 50 – 100%

ACTIVITIES FOCUSED AREAS TOOLS SAMPLING SAMPLE SIZE

Sampling
5 Public Toilets All potential areas Questionnaire Random 50 – 100%
Sampling
6 Hospitals All Hospitals with 100+ beds or Questionnaire Random 10–15(in Nos.)
50 – 100 beds Sampling
7 School Sanitation Govt. Primary, Secondary, High Questionnaire Random 50–100%;
schools Sampling
8 Slaughter Houses Potential areas Questionnaire Random 2 – 3 (in Nos.)
Sampling
9 Commercial/ market Potential areas (target groups Questionnaire Random 10 – 15 (in
areas include both shopkeeper & Sampling Nos.)
customers)
10 Industries Potential areas Questionnaire Random 5 – 10 (in Nos.)
Sampling
11 Secondary Data - Check list - -
12 Water Bodies Potential areas Questionnaire Random 50 – 100%
Sampling
Task 2. Field Reconnaissance & Transact Walk

ASCI team oganized city wide field reconnaissance and walks along with NNB officials and other
stakeholders to gauze and access the first hand sanitation situation of Bareilly city.
1.4.4 Research Techniques

Table 1-5: Tasks and Related Research Tools
TASKS RESEARCH TOOLS
 Literature Review
 Baseline Survey
1 Social and environmental issues
 Case Studies
 Consultations/FGDs
Policies, acts, operational procedures to
 Survey/FGDs
2 address, mitigate and manage the social and
environmental issues  Case studies/Discussions
 Stakeholder Consultations
Perception on sanitation, its maintenance and  Secondary Information Review
3 investment (Analysis of data), mitigate  Case Studies /Rapid survey data
adverse/negative impacts Analysis
 FGDs /Stakeholder Consultations
Existing institutional arrangements in managing
4  FGDs Stakeholder Consultations
and mitigating social and environmental issues
 Survey Data Analysis

Process Followed for Data Assimilation:

Figure 1-3: Data Assimilation Process
1.4.5 Situation Analysis and Mapping Current Status

The Situation Analysis, prepared by taking into consideration the ground realities, local conditions, and
assessment of the present sanitation situation has been undertaken and broad framework is indicated
below:
TABLE 1-6 : BROAD FRAMEWORK OF SITUATION ANALYSIS
SECTORS SPATIAL UNTIS FINANCIAL MECHANISM INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP

Service levels benchmarks Household Sanitation Cost Recovery–Policy– Institutional Arrangement
for: Slums Tariffs–Collections– – Policies, Plans,
implementation,
management.
Sewerage and sanitation Public Sanitary Budget Transfers. Staffing,
Conveniences
Solid Waste School Sanitation PPPs. Organization &
Management Competence
Water Supply Institutional Sanitation Study of current
Map spatially programmes (SJSRY,
ILCS, etc.)
Storm Water and Any town specific areas.
Drainage
Health Situation –
Statistics and Anecdotal
Comment
Environmental Situation –
Local and Downstream
and Groundwater.

Tools Used: Data Templates, Survey Formats, Transect Walks along with schedules of interviews (Slum,
industrial areas, water bodies), FGDs, Technical Analysis, Impact, Indicators, Stakeholder Consultations
at City level, etc.
Task 3. Problem Analysis and Assessment of Options

Followed by situational analysis, problem and challenges have been identified in coverage, access,
treatment and disposal, institutional, financial, social and cultural aspects and capacity concerns.
Comprehensive range of sanitation and wastewater management options have been reviewed
including but not limited to industrial and municipal sewerage; the sewage treatment options
considered have varied from conventional and low cost options to centralized and decentralized
systems, with both separate and combined effluent disposal options, and separate programs for
schools, public toilets, sanitation in slums, community-based NGO-supported programs etc. have also
been given a special thrust.
The purpose of options analysis is to identify plausible and sustainable technical, financial and
institutional solutions and will consider (i) unit cost per beneficiary, (ii) maximizing both human and
environmental benefits, (iii) sustainability, (iv) a long term plan, (v) government policy including land use
zoning, (vi) piloting new approaches, (vii) beneficiary participation, (viii) wastewater as a resource, (ix)
lessons learned from the past and last but not the least (x) political commitment.
Task 4. Communication Gap and Needs Assessment

IEC needs assessment will be carried out and broad communication strategy is developed in
consultation with the NNB officials and other stakeholders.
Task 5. Developing a Situation Analysis Report

The situation analysis, prepared by taking into consideration the ground realities, local conditions, and
assessment of the present sanitation situation. It will include inputs from all the above activities with the
details of existing household sanitation arrangements, public sanitary conveniences, wastewater
disposal, solid waste management and water supply. The report will also include an analysis of the
NNB legal framework and byelaws, financial analysis of the NNB, data on key public and
environmental health, user charges, willingness to pay, etc.
1.4.6 Developing Bareilly CSP

Having completed above steps, CSP has been formulated to articulate Sanitation Goals, specific
quantifications both in terms of technical, capacities and financials based on stakeholder consultations
and the analysis of choices made depending on costs of capital investments, operation and
maintenance, monitoring, and evaluation.

Project priorities for sanitation need to consider:
 Serving the Unserved Urban Poor

 Serving the Unserved Schools
 Serving the Unserved Public Areas
 Institutional capacity building for sustainability and environmental monitoring
 Grant elements for demonstration pilot projects for eco-sanitation (private
 developers)
 Rehabilitation of existing facilities.
 Improvement of existing sanitation (septic tank sludge and effluent treatment).
 Extension of existing sewerage and sewage treatment (as a last priority).
Task 6. Formulation of Vision

This involves understanding the major aspirations with respect to urban development in the State
through consultations and building an overarching vision that may be appropriate to the articulations.
This involves following:
 Secondary information, data analysis and report review

 Brainstorming with key stakeholders and focus groups
 Understanding visions of concerned sectors and other constituents e.g., cities and development
agencies and concerned authorities.
Task 7. Development of Strategy

This involves understanding the major issues of the sector, priorities laid down and an assessment of
how the current arrangements are working with respect to urban development in the city. Also, the key
strengths, major weaknesses, potential opportunities as well as likely threats would also be analysed to
move towards the identification of the action areas/intervention areas that form the strategy
development. This involves:
 Completion of information analysis, even with quick estimates, and review of current policies and
priorities
 Consultations with key stakeholders/ focus groups concerning
 Detailed discussion with departments/ agencies/ cities/ authorities
Task 8. Preparation of Draft CSP

Finalization of CSP along with recommendations based on the situation and solutions for making city
open defecation free and totally sanitized, public toilet and community toilets models and operational
models; proto - type design recommendation for all typical situations, waste disposal mechanisms,
starters for sewerage layouts and estimation of requirement in terms of capacities, quantity and
finances.

Task 9. Preparation of Implementation Road Map

This involves identifying and documenting interventions for the improvement of sanitation. The cost
estimates of such interventions; the institutional responsibility as well as broad timelines for
implementation will be indicated in the CSP
Figure 1-4: Essential Components of CSP
1.5 Contents of the Report

The report has two major sections –
I. The Situational Analysis (Chapter 1 to Chapter 6)

II. The Sanitation Strategies (Chapter 7)
The former section deals with depicting the city and its present status with regards to sanitation. The
aim is to highlight the existing conditions regarding access and coverage of sanitary facilities, identify
the gaps and striking issues, and understand the behavioral aspects of various sections of the society.
This section is covered from Chapter 1 to Chapter 6.
The later section thereafter provides strategies and solutions to bridge the identified gaps, mitigate the
existing issues, and provide ways and means to aid the sustenance of the existing and proposed
strategies and projects. There have been presented in Chapter 7.

I. The Situational Analysis
Chapter 1 gives insight into the NUSP and the sanitation ranking of cities thereafter an introduction to
CSP process, its background, and the objectives behind it. This is followed by the step-by-step
methodology of the CSP process, as well as the status of the CSP for the particular city. The process of
collection of baseline information both primary and secondary has been explained at length. Later
half of Chapter presents a review of the policies & programmes that are prevalent and followed in the
state for the improvement of access and coverage of sanitary facilities while developing the sanitation
conditions in the urban areas.
Chapter 2 deals with the City Profile where the various aspects of the city are discussed in order to get
a broad overview of the city itself. Aspects such as location, regional linkages, demography, economic,
land use and housing profiles, the urban governance, the slums and squatter settlements are discussed.
Chapter 3 is presented in two sections - Section A highlights the prevailing sanitation conditions of the
city in the sectors of water supply, sewerage system, solid waste management and storm water
drainage system as part of the primary data, compiled from the various surveys conducted in the city.
It contains zone wise analysis of the data. Section B highlights the service profile of the sectors of water
supply, sewerage system, solid waste management and storm water drainage system based on the
secondary sources of information. The performance of each of the sectors is evaluated through Service
Level Benchmarking (SLB) indicators, and projections are also made for the future years.
Chapter 4 aims to evaluate the institutional capacity and the financial structure, to assess the capacity
of NNB along with its associated organizations to cater to the sanitation needs of the city, with regards
to both adequate qualified personnel and adequate financial resources.
Chapter 5 covers existing situation, Infrastructure & Services gap assessment and Identification of
critical problem areas of Bareilly city.
Chapter 6 identifies the gaps and issues in access, coverage and service delivery within each sector,
the problem areas are clearly demarcated. It also brings out the need assessment for the IEC and
awareness campaign in the city.
II. Sanitation Strategy
Chapter 7 presents the strategies – Section A presents the technological strategies and Section B
demonstrates the respective financial strategies. The chapter provides the vision for the CSP and its
goals, and the basic guiding principles on which the strategies are based. Thereafter, strategies have
been provided to improve coverage and access to sanitation facilities, to implement effectively the
various proposals, and options and mechanisms for effectively financing the strategies and proposals
along with proper phasing mechanism.

CHAPTER 2. PROFILE OF BAREILLY CITY
 Location and Regional Linkages
 Physical Characteristics
 Demography
2.1 Location and Regional Linkages

2.1.1 Location
Bareilly is located at 28°10′N, 78°23′E, and lies in northern India. It borders Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur
on east and Rampur on west, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) in north and Badaun in south. Bareilly
lies entirely in the Ganges plains. The low-lying Ganges plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for
agriculture. However, these some lower part of plains is prone to recurrent floods. Bareilly lies on the
bank of river Ramganga and there are seven rivers passing through this district. The
lower Himalayan range is just 40 km from it and it lies in north of it.
LOCATION MAP
District

Table 2-1: Summary of Quick facts: BAREILLY City
CATEGORY YEAR 2001 YEAR 2011 REMARKS

MUNICIPAL WARDS 60 70 Election Wards
% of Population in Slum Areas – 31%
POPULATION 720035 898167 % of Population in Non-Slum Areas – 69%
(per Census, 2011))
No. of Households in Slum Areas – 31850
No. of Households in Non-Slum Areas – 83726
HOUSEHOLDS 67000 115576
Source: SLB 2012, NNB
FAMILY SIZE (AVG.) 10.7 7.7 Source: SLB 2012 , NNB

NO. OF SLUM AREAS 85 85 Source: NNB
AREA(sq.km) 106.42 106.42
POPULATION DENSITY 6792 8473
COMMERCIAL & OTHER
Other establishments include offices, institutions
ESTABLISHMENTS HOTELS & 2498 7634
and markets (Source: SLB 2012 , NNB)
RESTAURANTS
2.1.2 Economy
Since the period of liberalization in India, Bareilly is one of the fastest growing cities in the region on
account of its booming economy. Trade and commerce have flourished in the urban city and followed
diversification, though the rural economy of the district is largely Bareillyrian.
Brands:
Following the foray of Multi-national corporations in the city, a significant capital infusion and various
investments have occurred throughout the city in different sectors. Bareilly, today, has most of the major
global apparel brands including Adidas, Reebok, and Levi’s. Reebok has also opened their Factory
Outlet in Bareilly which is located at Pilibhit By-Pass Road. Nike is to open an outlet soon.
Accompanying these are all other well-known clothing, footwear and accessory brands which have
their authorized show-rooms and commercial outlets in the 'Civil Lines areas' and 'D.D.Puram area' of
the city.
Industries:
Bareilly houses a lot of Industries in the industrial zone called the Parsakhera Industrial Zone. Major
Companies such as Coca- Cola, Camphor & Allied Products Ltd., Paras, Vadilal, Mercury and many
others are present in the City.
The Ahmadabad based Ice-cream maker Vadilal has its manufacturing plant in Bareilly. The plant is
the sole plant in Northern and Eastern India and caters to both the zones. Vadilal enjoys a 10-12%
market share in the Rs 120-crore Delhi market and around 6-8% in the Rs 200-crore eastern market,
which comprises territories such as Kolkata, Orissa, Jharkhand and Bihar.

Media:
A lot of Hindi Newspapers including Dainik Jagran, Bareilly; Hindustan, Amar Ujala, Aaj are printed in
the city. Various English Newspapers including the Times of India, The Hindu, Hindustan Times, and The
Economic Times can be found on the stalls at around 7 a.m. as they are published in the Delhi NCR and
sent to the city.
HT Media Ltd has recently come out with a printing facilities in Bareilly, printing of its Hindi newspaper
"Hindustan" starting October 10, 2009 and catering to the Rohilkhand area of western Uttar Pradesh
comprising of Bareilly, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur and Badaun districts. They also plan to start
printing the local edition of their English Daily "The Hindustan Times" very soon.
The city also has its dedicated News Channel called the Alliance News Channel which broadcasts local
news at different slots throughout the day.
Agriculture:
Corporate giant Hindustan Unilever has undertaken contract farming of rice in Bareilly and Punjab and
its success has ensured low-cost, better-quality produce for its products. The company now plans to
extend the experiment but feels an enabling environment in terms of agri-laws and infrastructure
facilities is required for the purpose.
Passport Office:
The Passport Office, Bareilly was created in 1983 as a subordinate office of Ministry of External
Affairs under the supervision of Central Passport Organization. The issue of passport is a central
subject under the Indian Constitution and allotted to the Ministry of External Affairs, Initially Passport
Office, Bareilly was catering to the needs of residents of the State of Uttrakhand and 24 Districts of
Western Uttar Pradesh. Separate passport Office for the residents of Meerut, Aligarh and Bareilly
Division was opened in the year 1997 at Ghaziabad on bifurcation of this office. Again the office
bifurcated and another passport office at Dehradun was opened in June 2008 for the residents of the
State of Uttrakhand.
Today, this office deals with the issue of passport/travel documents to the citizens of 12 districts of
Uttar Pradesh i.e. Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Pilibhit, Badaun, Bareilly, Rampur, Bijnor, Jyotiba Phule
Nagar, Firozabad, Kashi Ram Nagar, Etah & Mainpuri.
Electricity:
In 2009, Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) moved a step ahead in implementing the
franchisee system in the power sector of the state. Under the new system, private players will be
awarded contract to maintain and supply power in nine cities of the state. The same companies will be
the outsource points for collecting revenue on behalf of the state government. The system will be

implemented in nine cities of the state on a pilot basis; Bareilly, Kanpur, Bareilly and Gorakhpur will
be covered in the first phase.
Fuel:
The Indian government initiated the ten per cent ethanol-blending programme on a pilot basis in two
districts - Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh and Belgaum in Karnataka. Bareilly became the first district in India
to implement Bio-fuel norms.
There are about 7634 commercial establishments registered at Nagar Nigam. The average growth
rates of commercial establishments are high compared to hotels & restaurants. This also increases
additional burdens on existing infrastructure facilities. The following table gives the statistical figures of
trade and commerce establishments for the year 2011 – 2012.
2.2 Physical Characteristics

2.2.1 Topography and Land Use Pattern
TOPOGRAPHY
The city lies entirely in the Ganges plains. The low-lying Ganges plains provide fertile alluvial soil
suitable for agriculture. However, these some lower part of plains is prone to recurrent floods. Bareilly
lies on the bank of river Ramganga and there are seven rivers passing through this district. The
lower Himalayan range is just 40 km from it and it lies in north of it. Following map showing the water
depth level of Bareilly District.
Source: NNB

Map 1: Bareilly base map

2.3 Demography
According to the 2011 census report of the Government of India, the total population of Bareilly City
Region (Bareilly Municipal Corporation and Bareilly Cantt.) is 8, 98,167 having distribution as 53%
males and 47% females nearly. The area under the city region is 123.46 km². The density of the
population is among the high in the country touching 5000 per km2. The main population consists
of Jatavs and Balmikis, and other castes such as the Baniyas, Kurmi, Thakurs, Kayasthas & Punjabis
Hindus from 62% of population and Muslims 26% mainly Ansari, Behna, Rohilla, Rayeen, Ranghar and
Shaikh) of the population, Sikhs form about 10% of population and rest are Jain ,Buddhist and
Christians. Bareilly has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%,
with 88% of the males and 65% of females literate making it under top three districts in terms of
literacy in Uttar Pradesh . The main languages spoken are Hindi, Urdu, English, Punjabi, and Kumauni.
For administrative convenience, the district of Bareilly has been divided into six tehsils
namely Aonla, Faridpur, Bareilly, Mirganj, Nawabganj, and Baheri and 14 blocks.
TABLE 2: TREND IN POPULATION GROWTH
DECADAL
YEAR POPULATION GROWTH
INCREASE
RATE
1991 587211
2001 718395 131184

22%
2011 898167 179772
25%
In the context of the City Sanitation Plan, population estimation and projection are being carried out
with the following objectives: (1) to obtain a realistic estimate of the total current population in the city
and the spatial distribution of the same through empirical methods; (2) to take informed strategic
decisions on provision of sanitation infrastructure and services for the city as a whole and for different
parts of the city; (3) In taking strategic decisions, to strive for a reasonable balance between the risks
of adequacy and viability in the future.
Please refer to Annexure 5 for detailed population projections and the assumptions made in the
process. The adopted methodology is also enunciated.
As an initial exercise, the population for 2011 is taken from the census data. The population projections
are made for the years 2012 – 2045 based on three standard methods of arithmetic, geometric and
incremental increase. Average of all three methods is considered for the further calculations of
infrastructure gap and future infrastructure requirements.

TABLE 3: PROJECTED POPULATIONS AND CITY LEVEL INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND
Projected
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Projection
Population
1,128,196 1,222,623 1,324,287 1,433,754 1,551,652 1,678,681 1,815,617
Water Demand
(MLD) (@ 150
169.23 183.39 198.64 215.06 232.75 251.80 272.34
lpcd)
Sewerage
Generation 135.38 146.71 158.91 172.05 186.20 201.44 217.87
(MLD) @ 80%
Solid Waste
Generation
(TRD)(@ 0.45 507.69 550.18 595.93 645.19 698.24 755.41 817.03
kg per capita)
The infrastructure demand corresponding to the projected populations have also been computed at the
city level. The per capita demand of water as per the recommendations in CPHEEO manual has been
considered at 150 lpcd and the corresponding sewerage generation is estimated at 80% of the water
consumption; while the per capita solid waste generation is assumed as 0.45 kg/per capita/per day.
(Please refer to Annexure 5 for the assumptions underlying the city level infrastructure demand)
2.3.1 Urban Poor
Though no recent study is available to accurately assess the extent of poverty levels in Bareilly but
from the discussions with various stakeholders we understand that poverty levels are quite high in
Bareilly.
In addition to this, more than twenty percent of the population in Bareilly stays in areas marred with
unhygienic living conditions and lack of civic amenities. The urban infrastructure is not satisfactory
enough to bring homogenous development in new areas. The growth of housing stock is not able to
keep pace with the population growth. This has increased the housing stock deficit which has given rise
to slum dwellings.
As per the survey conducted by DUDA and documents from NNB, total notified slums in Bareilly are 85.
According to census 2001, the slum population was 77109 i.e. 20.5 percent of total Population. As per
the survey conducted by S.U.D.A in 2000-01, the population was 77109 and total households were
10050. A large number of below poverty line (BPL) population (about 25%) also live-in slums. The
current slum population is about 2.44 lacs with 31850 of households i.e. about 26.47% of the total
population.

ULB Profile Year 2001 Year 2011
Slum Population 77109 278432
Slum Households 10050 31850
No. of Slums 85 85
Source: NNB 2011

CHAPTER 3. SANITATION SITUATION ANALYSIS
 Secondary Data Analysis
 Primary Data Analysis
The primary and secondary surveys have indicated that like most of the other municipalities, there is a
large gap between the level of infrastructure service requirement for the city to cater to the demands
of the proliferating population and the actual service level prevailing in the city. Besides the
accessibility deficiencies, there is also lack of operation and maintenance systems for the existing
infrastructure facilities and services resulting in the deterioration of the existing services and facilities
further worsening the sanitation conditions within the city limits.
The following sections present the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the sanitation in the city within
the sectors of – (a) water supply with prime focus on the quality of water supply at the consumer end,
(b) access to toilets, (c) sewerage management, (d) storm water management and (e) solid waste
management.
SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS

3.1 Water Supply Management Assessment
Figure 3-1: SLB for Water Supply Sector – Bareilly City
The Service Level Benchmarks (SLB) established by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of
India, for the sector of Water Supply attempts to compare the service levels against the nine (9) key
parameters as indicated in the spider chart. The spider chart demonstrates the desired level of service
in the water supply sector against the nine (9) key parameters vis-à-vis the existing level of service.

The spider chart denotes that the city administration needs to beef up efforts to improve the coverage
and continuity of water supply while ensuring the metering of water connections is almost half the
desired level. It is however encouraging to keep note of that, the extent of non-revenue water is 34.6
% and the quality of water supplied measures up to the required standards; additionally the ULB has
not been successful in its attempts of cost-recovery, it is merely half of the required standards and
owing to its inefficient systems for collection of water supply related charges.
3.1.1Quantitative Statistics- Water Supply and Demand

Section of the CPHEEO Manual recommends a water consumption requirement of 135 lpcd for
residential and non-residential users (non-residential includes retail non-domestic consumption such as
commercial development, but does not include non-residential bulk consumers like large-scale
industries, industrial estates, large institutions, etc.). Considering the population in 2011 for the city of
Bareilly and the CPHEEO recommendation, the water demand for the city of Bareilly is estimated at
348.50 MLD, while the supply of water at the consumer end is 285.70 MLD (Source: Nagar Nigam
Bareilly) corresponding to a consumption rate of 133 lpcd.
Table 3-1: Water Supply-Demand Statistics - BAREILLY City
WATER DEMAND (MLD) WATER SUPPLY (MLD) REMARKS

348.50 285.70 Source for water supply figures is
Nagar Nigam Bareilly
Source: NNB 2011
SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY
The following table illustrates the different sources of water installed and total volume of water
generated from different sources. Statistical figures related to sources of water and volume of water
generated shows that the total volume of water produced from all different sources together is about
113 MLD and the majority share i.e. about 102 MLD is produced from ground water.
SOURCES OF WATER
Type of Source Unit Installed Volume Metered
capacity (Y/N)
Ground water (power pumps) MLD 102.0 102.0 N
Other sources (Hand pump) MLD 11.00 11.00 N
Total 113.00 113.00
Source: NNB 2011

COVERAGE OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES
The total length of distribution network in the city is about 578.20 Km i.e. about 65 sq.km of total area
of city is covered with distribution networks. And the total service storage capacity in the network is
about 22.975 ML. The following statistical table also illustrates the water storage and distribution
network within the city.
WATER STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Length of distribution network Kilometers 578.20
Average age of distribution Years 30
Total service storage capacity in network Million liters 22.975
Tankers Trips Trips/Month As required
New connections added in 2008-09 Number 516
Total area covered by distribution network 65 Sq.km
Source: NNB 2011
3.1.2 Qualitative Statistics – Water Supply
The water service quality in Bareilly city is satisfactory. The average duration of water supply is about
6 hours a day. The average pressure in the system is about 4 metres and residual pressure at critical
measure point is about only 1.5 meters. There are also leaks reported in the pipe line network and
pipe breaks reported which causes hindrance to quality of water supply services. The following table
illustrates the water service quality factors.
WATER SERVICE QUALITY
Average duration of water supply Hours/day 8.00
Average pressure in the system Meters 4.00
Residual pressure at critical

Meters 1.5
measurement point
Leaks reported in the year Number 1334
Leaks repaired in the year Number 835
Pipe breaks repaired in the year Number 415
Details of Water Quality Lab Utility/Other Other
Source: NNB 2012

The following table illustrates the treated water quality surveillance with accordance to number of
samples tested for residual chlorine, bacteriological and physical/ chemicals at different points and the
number of tests passed.
TREATED WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE
Sample Location Number of Samples Tested For

Sampling Physical/
Residual Chlorine Bacteriological
chemical
At the outlet of WTP
At intermediate points
At consumer end 4580 4500 36 44
Total 4580 36 44
Total Tests Passed 4580 4500 36 44
Tests required as per NA NA NA NA

standard
Source: NNB 2011
The following table illustrated the customer services from water supply department to general public.
CUSTOMER SERVICES
Complaints on no water, quality of water during the year 2011 Number 52
Complaints redressed within 24 hrs during the year 2011 Number 48
Other complaints recorded during the year 2011 Number 1125
Other complaints resolved during the year 2011 Number 1112

Source: NNB 2011

3.2 Sewerage Management and Access to Toilets Assessment
Figure 3-2: SLB for Sewerage Management and Access to Toilets – Bareilly City
India, for the sector of Sewerage and Access to Toilets attempts to compare the service levels against
the nine (9) key parameters as indicated in the spider chart.
The spider charts demonstrates the desired level of service in the sewerage and access to toilets sector
against the nine (9) key parameters vis-à-vis the existing level of service.
The spider chart denotes that the coverage of the waste water network is 40.7 %; however the
existing extant of sewerage network in the city has exhibited an optimum collection efficiency charges
is (78.5%). The major issue for the NNB is there is no treatment plant for the sewage treatment. It is
however not reassuring to note that the NNB has been not successful in its attempts of cost-recovery
owing to its well- efficient systems for collection of sewage charges. Notwithstanding, the redressal of
customer complaints is fair enough that is 65.2 %.
The coverage of toilets in the city is a relatively good of the required coverage resulting in a greater
percentage of the population (97 %) and open defecation still exists. Stringent measures are solicited
to address the grave concern of prevalent open defecation.

3.2.1 Sewerage Generation
The total length of sewerage network pipes in the city is about 206.2 km but, the age of the sewerage
network pipes is about 35 years. Further, the total area covered by sewerage network is only about
25 Sq.km. The total municipal water supplied is about 113 MLD and that from other sources is about
11.54 MLD. The total water supplied is about 124.54 MLD of which 99.2 MLD of waste water is being
generated from different sources within the city.
Sewage generation depends on the water supplied and it is generally considered as eighty percent
(80%) of the water supply. It is essential to look at the water supply situation within Nagar Nigam
Bareilly to assess sewage generation. Table 3-4 presents the sewage generated in the city considering
the water supply/consumption situation at various levels –
TABLE 3-4 SEWAGE GENERATION ESTIMATION - BAREILLY CITY

VOLUME OF WATER CONSUMED VOLUME OF SEWAGE
(MLD) GENERATED (MLD)
Domestic Connections 144 115.2
Non Domestic Connections 10 8
Public Taps 20 16
Other Connections 40 32
Total 214 171.2
Source: SLB Bareilly 2012
3.2.2 Sewerage Collection and Conveyance
The following table illustrates the length of sewer lines in each zone and the area covered, properties
with toilets connected to sewer lines, flood prone areas and water logging areas.
Ward/Zo Sever Lines Properties with toilets connected to Properties Stand-alone Flood Water-
ne without Sewage Prone logging
access to w/effluent Areas Flooding
toilets disposal
Length Area Sewers Soak Storm (number) (number)
covered lines pits drains or
canals
(km) (sq. km)
Zone- 1 43 9.00 1517 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 05 07
Zone -2 71 8.46 4044 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 12 14
Zone -3 59 3.97 4045 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. - 06
Zone -4 33 4.33 2022 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 04 03
Total 206 25.76 11628 N.A. N.A. 10026 N.A. 21 30
Source: NNB 2011
But, there is no Sewage treatment plant of the waste water that is being generated within the city.

3.2.3 Sewerage Treatment and Disposal

 The source of sewer is mostly from domestic households.
 The total length of sewerage network pipes in the city is about 206.2 km but, the age of the
sewerage network pipes is only about 35 years.
 The total area covered by sewerage network is only about 25 sq.km
 The thus produced waste water is about 99.2 MLD from all the sources within the city.
 No sewerage treatment plant
3.3 Access to Toilets Assessment

An extensive survey has been conducted, which includes primary household surveys, focused group
discussions and field visit surveys - that are primarily conducted to understand the exiting situation of
sanitation facilities at household levels both in slum and non-slum areas and identify the key issues and
gaps in the sanitary facilities at this level. The present population in total city is about 8.98 lacs with a
bifurcation of slum and non-slum population. Statistics show that there is about 31% of the slum
population i.e. about 2.78 lacs and the remaining in non-slum areas i.e. about 6.19 lacs. The non-slum
population includes HIG, MIG and LIG and also non notified slums that can be categorized into low
income population groups. The numbers of slums that are notified are about 85 in number that spread
across the city. In addition to these notified slums there are number of unnotified slums and are
categorized in low income groups in Bareilly. Further considering the number of households in slum
areas – the number of households in slum areas is about 31850 and the number of households in non-
slum areas is about 83726. The following table shows the population and household distribution in slum
and non-slum areas.
Non Slum Slum

Percentage 69% 31%
Population 6.19 lacs 2.78 lacs
Household 83726 31850
Source: Census 2011
Total No. of HH 115576
Slum Population 278432
Non Slum Population 619735
Total 898167
Slum HH 31850
Non slum HH 83726
Total 115576
Source: Census 2011 & NNB

Percentage (%) No. of HH
Dry Latrine 10.8 12994
Pour Flush 74.2 89274
No Toilets 15 18047
CT 6.37 1150
OD 14.04 16897
Source: Primary Survey NNB
Further considering the different types of individual toilet facilities in Bareilly city are soak pit toilets,
pour flush toilets, Kuddi. Kuddi is a small structure built on bricks and is directly connected to an open
nalla. This is very prevalent in slum areas. The only difference is that these people don’t open defecate
rather leaves it directly to drain which is much more dangerous. Gaddewali is also prevalent in places
where there is availability of space good enough. A pit like structure is built with admeasuring 4X4 or
4X6 structure closed by a slab. This gets filled generally by a year or two and is cleaned by the
municipal vehicle (sludge sucking machine and thrown into a bigger nalas) on the payment basis. From
the primary analysis, focused group discussion and stakeholder meetings it is known that about 94% of
the non slum households are with household individual toilets – and these household individual toilets
include pit latrine, water closet, and septic tank. In addition to the above mentioned households and
their access to different types of individual toilets – there is also certain portion of population, i.e. from
the primary survey analysis shows that there is about 1% of the total number of households in non slum
areas using community toilets.

Map 2: Open Defecation

Non Slum Population Total
Total 678968 923138
Access to toilets 638230 784732
No toilets 40738 138406
CT 407 8816
OD 40331 129590
Non Slum HH Total
Total 88466 120316
No toilets 5308 18048
CT 53.08 1150
OD 5255 16898
Source: Primary Survey NNB 2010
The analysis shows that there are about 83158 households have access to individual household toilets
i.e. about 6.38 lacs population from non slum areas. There is about 5% of the total number of
households do not have any kind of access to toilets i.e. about 5255 households i.e. about 40 thousand
of population in non slum areas defecate openly. This is only because of the number of unnotified
slums/ low income group households/ population categories into non slum regions and location of low
income groups.
Further considering the sanitation facilities in slum areas, the access to individual toilets is very poor.
There is more access to community toilets than the individual/ private toilets. The different types of
toilets at individual level in slum areas that are most prevalent are pour flush toilets, Kuddi,
Gaddewali/ soak pit and community toilets. The usage of community toilets is very prevalent in slum
areas. The pour flush type of toilets at individual level includes the individual toilets provided by ILCS
i.e. about 5826 HH are constructed mainly in slum areas to reduce the open defecation and improve
the sanitary conditions by DUDA.
Further considering the percentage share of households/ population having access to household
individual toilets is about 60% of the households and these also include the individual pour flush toilets
build by different agencies as mentioned above. These different types of households include pour
flush, soak pits, toilets connected to open drain. From the primary survey analysis, focused group
discussions and field visits shows that there are about 5% of slum households in addition to the private/
public individual toilets there are also community toilets in the slum areas – which majorly cater to the

certain share of the slum population. There are about 23 community toilets in Bareilly city – of which
21 community toilets are located in slum areas, each catering to about 15 (no. of seats in a community
toilet) X 35 (no. of persons per seat per day) i.e. about a total population of 8049 i.e. about 1097
households i.e. about 5% of the total slum populations are dependent on community toilets. This shows
that there is about 36.5% of the total slum population are using other options i.e. open defecation is
very common i.e. about 11643 slum households i.e. about 89259 of population.
Slum Population Total
Total 244170 923138
No toilets 97668 138406
CT 8409 8816
OD 89259 129590
Slum HH Total
Total 31850 120316
No Toilets 12740 18048
CT 1097 1150
OD 11643 16898
Source: Primary Survey NNB 2010
Finally for the analysis, it is shown that about 5% of the non-slum area population and about 36.5% of
the slum area populations do not have any access to toilet facilities and they open defecate. This shows
that about 40331 persons in non-slum areas i.e. about 5255 of households defecate openly. And
about 89259 persons in slum areas i.e. about 11643 households defecate openly. On the whole there
are about 1.29 lacs of total population i.e. about 16898 of households of Bareilly city i.e. about
14.04% of the total population/ households of Bareilly open defecate.
3.3.1 Key Issues
 The present population in total city is about 8.9 lacs with a bifurcation of slum and non-slum
population. Statistics show that there is about 31% of the slum population i.e. about 2.75 lacs
and the remaining in non-slum areas i.e. about 6.14 lacs.

 The numbers of slums that are notified are about 85 in number that spread across the city. In
addition to these notified slums there are number of unnotified slums and are categorized in
low income groups in Bareilly.
 The different types of individual toilet facilities in Bareilly city are soak pit toilets, WC with
septic tanks, pour flush toilets, Kuddi etc.
 About 94% of the non slum households are with household individual toilets – and these
household individual toilets include pit latrine, water closet with septic tank.
 There is about 1-2% of the total number of households in non slum areas using community
toilets.
 There is about 5% of the total number of households do not have any kind of access to toilets
i.e. about 5255 households i.e. about forty thousand of population in non slum areas defecate
openly.
 The percentage share of households/ population having access to household individual toilets
is about 60% of the households and these also include the individual pour flush toilets build by
different agencies as mentioned above.
 There are about 5% of slum households in addition to the private/ public individual toilets
there are also community toilets in the slum areas.
 About 89259 persons in slum areas i.e. about 11592 households defecate openly.
 There are about 1.29 lacs of total population i.e. about 16898 of households of Bareilly city
i.e. about 14.04% of the total population/ households of Bareilly open defecate.
3.3.2 Sanitation Facilities and Situation at Community Toilets
One of the most dependent sanitary facilities in the city for about 5 – 10% of the total households is
community toilets. There are about 23 community toilets with about 21 of them located in slum areas
and the rest in non slum regions i.e. in low income group areas. Thus, it is important to analyze the
situation of these facilities for any further improvements or to give any proposals for situational
development of the existing status. The following table gives the distribution of community toilets
according the different development agencies in Bareilly.
Organization Community Toilets
DUDA 02
NEDA 21
Total 23
Source: NNB 2011

Map 3: Community Toilets

Further to this, from the primary survey

analysis and field verification the total
number of seats available in any
community toilet, on an average, is
about 10-15 seats. And the total
number of users per day per seat is
about 35 persons. This shows that the
total numbers of persons dependent on
Source: Primary Survey 2011-12
community toilets are about 8816 i.e. about 1150 households i.e. about 5-7% of the total population.
But, it has been noticed that most of the community toilets available in slum areas are in bad condition.
Thus, it is important to analyze the condition of these toilets. The following graph shows the percentage
distribution of community toilets according to
condition of toilets.
The analysis shows that about 50% of the

available community toilets are in bad state.
The infrastructure facilities in these toilets are
almost broken conditions but even then, the
people are still dependent upon these
community toilets. But about 6% of the
community toilets are not in a usable state. There are few community toilets i.e. only about 2% are in
good and 19% are in average conditions. The condition of these community toilets depend upon the
maintenance of them. With the same regard, the analysis shows that about 60% of the community
toilets are cleaned regularly i.e. more than once a day. Further, about 20% of them are cleaned at
least once a day. And about 5% of them are not at all cleaned. There are also certain numbers of
community toilets i.e. about 15% of them are cleaned at least once in a week. The following graph
illustrates the percentage distribution of community toilets according to frequency of cleaning. In
addition to the above mentioned analysis, the primary survey results also focused on type of latrine
available in these community toilets. This is mainly to analyze how the management of the waste is
done. The following graph shows the percentage share of community toilets according to type of
latrine.

The analysis shows that about 30% of the community toilets are equipped with pour flush pit latrines
and about 37% of them with water closets. There are also about 17% of the community toilets with dry
pit latrine and the rest with service and unimproved pit latrines. The type of latrine provided in these
community toilets reflect upon the sludge management. The following graph illustrates the percentage
distribution of community toilets according to different types of fecal sludge management.
The analysis shows that about 32% of the

community toilet facilities are connected to
septic tanks and about 44% of them are
connected to sewer lines. And the primary
survey analysis and field verification shows
that there relatively small proportion with
manual scavenging. It is also important to
consider – where actually the effluent sludge goes. There are different options such as septic tanks, to
sewer and to nalas. The sludge that is collected into septic tanks is disposed-off improperly. And the
present conditions of the septic tanks are also bad. From the analysis, about 30% of the community
toilets with septic tanks are in broken status or over flowing. This is creating the surrounding areas very
unhygienic and with stinking smell – that creates hurdle to most of the usage of community toilets. In
about 80% of the community toilets with septic tanks, the fecal sludge collected from these septic tanks
by the municipalities or private sludge sucking machine and they dispose it into nearby nalas. This
shows that there need to some serious or potential problems in sludge management systems with
community toilets. In addition to the disposal of sludge produced at community toilets there are also
about 10% of the community toilets using the sludge to soak pits. There are about 15% of the
community toilets whose sludge is directly let into open nalas.

In addition to the above mentioned sludge management, there is also effluent waste that is generated
from the community toilets – which also require proper disposal mechanisms. The analysis shows that
there is about 98% of the community toilets have no proper effluent waste management. There are all
let into open drains. There is only about 2% of the number of community toilets effluent waste
disposed/ connected to sewer lines. The following graph shows the percentage share of community
toilets according to their discharge mechanism of effluent waste.
In addition to the above mentioned analysis,

it is also important to consider who all are
responsible for O&M arrangements of these
community toilets. There are different
government bodies, private agencies and
NGOs those are responsible for O&M
arrangements of these community toilets. The
different organizations those are
responsible are Nagar Nigam, DUDA, Jal
Nigam, NEDA, Nagla Teja etc. The following
graph shows the percentage distribution of
community toilets according to O&M
arrangements.
The two agencies responsible for the O&M

of community toilets in Bareilly city are
DUDA and NEDA. There is about 96% of the
total number of community toilets whose
O&M is done by DUDA and about 4% of them who’s O&M are done by NEDA.
3.3.3 Key issues

1. There are about 23 community toilets with about 96% of them located in slum areas and the
rest in non slum regions i.e. in low income group areas.
2. The total numbers of persons dependent on community toilets are 5 – 10% of the total
population.
3. No O&M of community toilets and its infrastructure.
4. No proper fecal sludge management.

5. The fecal sludge collected from these septic tanks by the municipalities sludge sucking machine
and they dispose it into nearby nallas leading to the rivers.
6. 50% of the available community toilets are in bad state. The infrastructure facilities in these
toilets are almost broken conditions but even then, the people are still dependent upon these
community toilets.
7. About 6% of the community toilets are not in a usable state
8. About 30% of the communities toilets are equipped with pour flush pit latrines and about 37%
of them with water closets. There are also about 17% of the community toilets with dry pit
latrine and the rest with service and unimproved pit latrines.
9. About 32% of the community toilet facilities are connected to septic tanks and about 50% of
them are connected to sewer lines.
10. In about 80% of the community toilets with septic tanks, the fecal sludge collected from these
septic tanks by the municipalities or private sludge sucking machine and they dispose it into
nearby nalas which lead to Ganga River.
11. In addition to the disposal of sludge produced at community toilets there are also about 10%
of the community toilets using the sludge at bio gas treatment.
12. There is about 98% of the community toilets have no proper effluent waste management.
There are all let into open drains. There is only about 2% of the number of community toilets
effluent waste disposed/ connected to sewer lines.
3.4 Storm Water Management Assessment

 Four zones are having primary, secondary and tertiary drains of different lengths.
 The waste drained into River through these nalas - includes waste water from households,
commercial areas, and industrial areas.
 Most of the open/ closed drains are chocked with solid waste and sludge.
 There are many flood prone drains within the city.

3.5 Solid Waste Management Assessment
Figure 3-3: SLB for Solid Waste Management assessment– Bareilly City
India, for the sector of Solid Waste attempts to compare the service levels against the eight (8) key
parameters as indicated in the spider chart. The spider charts demonstrates the desired level of service
in the solid waste sector against the nine (9) key parameters vis-à-vis the existing level of service. The
spider chart denotes that while the household level coverage of the solid waste management services
and extent of segregation of waste at source needs commendable improvement, the collection
efficiency is at par with the desired level of service. The major area of concern for the city
administration is the cost recovery and efficiency in collection of solid waste management charges.
3.5.1 Key Issues

 No processing/ recycling facilities.
 No door to door collection of waste.
 The dumping grounds, by roadside and elsewhere, are unhygienic and have deplorable look.
 Disposal of waste into drains leads to choking of drains
 Rains washed out part of garbage from these depots into drains and Nalas which leads to
silting.

 Mixing of Bio-medical and other forms of waste with municipal waste is a serious health
hazard.
 Lack of segregation of bio-degradable and non-degradable waste at source
 Large scale public littering leading to inattentiveness of street sweeping and cleaning activities
 Shortage of staff and lack of motivation amongst the existing staff
 Presently there is no waste processing plant at Bareilly and the total waste is taken to disposal
size.
 At present waste generation in the city is around 450MT per day.
 For Bareilly, household and organic waste constitutes largest component followed by inert
material such as building material and debris etc. in overall composition of waste i.e. waste
generated from households, commercial establishments and institutions in Bareilly.
 The main sources of waste generation includes Residential, commercial, industrial

establishments, hospital & nursing homes, hotels & restaurants, slaughter houses, street
sweeping, sanitary drains and construction and demolition sites.
 Collection is conducted in two stages – primary and secondary collection.
 Total industrial waste generated from the Industries is about 18 tons per day. Out of total
industrial waste, the generation of hazardous waste containing chromium is bout 10-15 MT per
day.
 The quantity of biomedical waste generated from medical institutions is approx. 2.74 tonnes
per day.
 Out of total bio -waste generated, only 1350 Kg (about 20 %) is sent to the centralized bio-
medical waste management facility. Some estimate that about 30 percent of bio-medical
waste is getting mixed up with other type of waste.
 Most of the slaughter house waste is thrown into the bakarmandi nala. Total waste generation
is approximately 4-5ton/day.
 A major portion of this waste is generally used in reconstruction activities for filling up of the
low-lying areas or kutcha road – i.e. about 20% of this waste is collected at these sites and
become a part of MSW.
 There is a heavy waste generated within the city from many sources, but there is no household
door to door collection of solid waste management services in the city. The total waste

generated in the city is about 450 metric tons per day. And the majority share of waste that is
being generated is from households. There is also relatively high share of waste generation i.e.
about 95 MT/day from markets. The following table illustrates the quantity of waste
generation from different sources within the city.
WASTE GENERATION MT/day
Waste Generated by Households 230
Waste Generated by Street Sweeping 39
Waste Generated by Hotels and Restaurants 52
Waste Generated by Markets (Vegetable Markets, Mandis etc.) 95
Waste Generated by Commercial Establishments (Institutions, etc.) 14
Waste Generated by other sources (debris, horticulture waste etc.) 20
Total Estimated Waste Generated 450

Source: NNB 2012
 There is no arrangement of solid waste treatment in the city. Since, there is no processing/
recycling unit – the extent of municipal solid waste recovered is nil. The waste that is being
collected from the secondary sources of points is being disposed off in the open dump sites.
The total waste that is being generated from different sources within the city is about 450 MT/
day and the total waste that is being collected and disposed off is about only 420 MT/ month.
The rest 30 MT is loss due to transportation losses.
3.5.2 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
EXTENT OF SCIENTIFIC DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 0
Quantity of Waste Disposal
Quantity of waste disposed in compliant landfill sites MT/month 0
Quantity of waste disposed in open dump sites MT/month 420

Source: NNB 2012
 There are many problems raised by public in solid waste management, but the efficiency in
redressal of customer complaints in about 61.5%. The following table illustrates the redressal
mechanism details of solid waste management.

EFFICIENCY IN REDRESSAL OF CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS 61.50 %
Customer Service
Complaints received during the year Number 1065
Complaints resolved within 24 hours during the year Number 655

Source: NNB 2012
3.5.3 Dairies
In Bareilly city there are about 483 dairies and have no provision of waste (Cow dung) disposal or
any Biogas treatment plant. As per Nagar Nigam, City has 10 sanitary wards in 4 zones.
WARD WISE LIST OF DAIRIES IN BAREILLY CITY:

WARD NO. NUMBER OF DAIRIES
1 44
2 22
3 10
4 33
5 142
6 11
7 78
8 76
9 39
10 28
TOTAL 483
Source: NNB 2012
It is recommend that city should need Biogas plant facility in decentralize manner, like 2 or 3 wards
will have one biogas plant and bigger wards would have one.

ONGOING INTERVENTIONS
SWM Treatment Plant in Rajau, Baraspur, Bareilly by AKC Developer
The Solid Waste Treatment plant of 300 MT/day is under PPP model being under construction and will
soon commence. AKC Developer (Agra) operates and maintains the treatment plant in partnership with
NNB.
Septage Management
It is also important to consider the Septage management in the city. The sludge and effluent waste that
is being collected in the soak pits and septic tanks is being collect by the Septage sucking machines
handled by NNB. But the sludge that is being collected, discharged/disposed into open drains. The
following table illustrates the Septage management in the city:
SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT
Does to NNB practice Septage Management Yes/No Yes
Septage Sucking Machines available within NNB Number 2
Private Septage Machine Licensed by NNB Number Nil

Source: NNB 2012
Fecal Sludge and Effluent Management
The following graph shows the percentage

share of number of toilets (available) at
commercial places according to the type of
sludge management.
The majority of toilet facilities those are

available at the commercial shops i.e. about
70% of them have septic tanks for their
sludge management. The sludge that is accumulated in these tanks is cleared once in every year by the

municipality or private vehicle and the waste is disposed off at the dumping site. But the disposal of
the sludge is also not proper. The sludge that is collected from the septic tanks is thrown off into open
nallas. Further to this, there also few toilets connected to sewer lines and few directly let into open
drains. Hence, there is an urgent need to proper provision of toilets and proper disposal system in
these commercial areas and market places. In addition to the waste generation from different
commercial shops, the sanitation provision is also creating problems at alarming rate.
Issues in Fecal sludge management
FS management Causes Problems Consequences

component
and aspect
Emptying + collection
-Limited or no accessibility to - Overflowing pits At neighbourhood

pits level, mainly
Technical _ Emptying frequency
-Inappropriate emptying often very low --Health hazards from
equipment openly dumped FS
_ Informal or and through use of
-Manual, non-mechanized emergency emptying contaminated water
emptying of
_ Eye and nose sores
pits and
Institutional/Finan -Poor service management indiscriminate _ Non-functionality of
cial disposal of FS infrequently
-Users. low affordability for pit emptied septic tanks-
emptying solids carry-over
-Lack of information (e.g. on

how septic tanks work)
Transport
Technical -Lack of suitable disposal or -Collectors dump FS At municipal level,

treatment sites at short distance in an uncontrolled mainly:
from the area of FS collection manner at the shortest
possible distance -Pollution of surface
from where FS was and (shallow)
Institutional -Lack of urban planning - lack collected
of suitable disposal or Groundwater
treatment sites at short distance
from the area of FS collection - Eye and nose sores
-Lack of involvement of private - Health hazards from

sector service Providers use of
-Lack of suitable incentive and contaminated surface

sanctions structure water (e.g. for
vegetable irrigation)
Treatment
Technical Lack of proven and At municipal level,

appropriate treatment options mainly:
FS is dumped
untreated -Health hazards
Financial/economi FS treatment exists: private through use of
c collectors /entrepreneurs avoid
the paying of treatment fees contaminated water
sources and water
pollution
Institutional/Finan -Lack of political will to invest in -Non-availability of
cial suitable treatment
treatment
sites
- Lack of effective cost
recovery -discharge of
untreated FS
- Lack of urban planning haphazardly
-Lack of information
Disposal
Institutional Lack of implementation of FS Indiscriminate Water pollution and

treatment schemes of town dumping of untreated risks to public health
planning and designation of FS
suitable treatment sites; lack of
adequate fee structure and
incentives for transport of FS to
treatment sites
-Depletion of soil
- Indiscriminate dumping of High-quality bio- organic fraction and
untreated FS solids remain unused deterioration of soil
and need to be land productivity
- Water pollution and risks to filled
public health
-Lack of promotion and

marketing of bio-solids
produced in FS treatment

3.6 Assessment of Water Bodies

This section discusses the impact of urbanization on the natural environment and the resulting
deterioration in urban environment quality perceived in the city. The parameters establishing the
environmental health of the city is of water bodies.
TABLE 3-2: PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS USES OF FRESH WATER - CPCB NORMS
DESIGNATED BEST USE CLASS CRITERIA
DRINKING WATER SOURCE WITHOUT A *Total coliform organisms MPN/100mL shall be

CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT BUT AFTER 50 or less
DISINFECTIONS *pH between 6.5 and 8.5
*Dissolved oxygen 6 mg/l or more
*Biochemical oxygen demand 2 mg/l or Less
OUTDOOR BATHING (ORGANIZED) B *Total coliform organisms MPN/100mL shall be

500 or less
*pH between 6.5 and 8.5
DRINKING WATER SOURCE WITH CON- C *Total coliform organisms MPN/100mL shall be
VENTIONAL TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY 5000 or less
DISINFECTION *pH between 6 and 9

PROPAGATION OF WILD LIFE, FISHERIES D *pH between 6.5 and 8.5

*Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less
IRRIGATION, INDUSTRIAL COOLING, E *pH between 6 and 8.5

CON-TROLLED WASTE DISPOSAL
*Electrical Conductivity less than 2250 micro
mhos/cm
*Sodium absorption ratio less than 26
*Boron less than 2 mg/l

3.7 Ward-wise Analysis

Bareilly city comprises of 70 electoral wards and 4 administrative zones. The given table illustrates the
ward wise analysis of Bareilly city, which includes Ward-wise population, Area in sq.km, Density and
Number of households.
3.7.1 Population and Density

Ward Calculated Calculated
Ward Population *Population Households
Zone area in Density Density 2011 Household
number 2001 2011 2011
Sq.km 2001 2001
1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 9995 12494 2 0.452 22113 27641 909 1562
2 11514 14393 2 0.53 21725 27156 1047 1799
3 9412 11765 3 0.456 20640 25800 856 1471
4 9319 11649 2 0.526 17717 22146 847 1456
5 10968 13710 2 1.485 7386 9232 997 1714
6 10920 13650 2 0.558 19570 24462 993 1706
7 10893 13616 3 5.877 1853 2317 990 1702
8 9035 11294 2 1.224 7382 9227 821 1412
9 11619 14524 3 0.445 26110 32638 1056 1815
10 9532 11915 3 0.305 31252 39066 867 1489
11 11608 14510 3 1.22 9515 11893 1055 1814
12 10254 12818 2 3.679 2787 3484 932 1602
13 9302 11628 4 4.808 1935 2418 846 1453
14 10536 13170 2 0.509 20699 25874 958 1646
15 10763 13454 3 3.226 3336 4170 978 1682
16 11708 14635 3 0.616 19006 23758 1064 1829
17 11748 14685 1 7.8 1506 1883 1068 1836
18 11796 14745 4 1.4 8426 10532 1072 1843
19 9935 12419 1 0.495 20071 25088 903 1552
20 10978 13723 1 0.372 29511 36888 998 1715
21 9395 11744 2 0.488 19252 24065 854 1468
22 8779 10974 4 1.42 6182 7728 798 1372
23 8926 11158 4 3.31 2697 3371 811 1395
24 8800 11000 2 1.992 4418 5522 800 1375
25 10498 13123 1 0.622 16878 21097 954 1640
26 10737 13421 2 0.485 22138 27673 976 1678
27 8807 11009 1 2.977 2958 3698 801 1376
28 8751 10939 1 2.46 3557 4447 796 1367
29 11753 14691 4 0.975 12054 15068 1068 1836
30 11376 14220 1 0.269 42290 52862 1034 1778
31 11687 14609 2 2.081 5616 7020 1062 1826
32 9864 12330 4 1.802 5474 6842 897 1541
33 9172 11465 1 0.258 35550 44438 834 1433
34 10980 13725 1 8.24 1333 1666 998 1716
35 11627 14534 1 0.356 32660 40825 1057 1817

36 8725 10906 2 2.292 3807 4758 793 1363

37 11083 13854 1 0.52 21313 26642 1008 1732
38 9376 11720 4 2.4 3907 4883 852 1465
39 11438 14298 2 0.292 39171 48964 1040 1787
40 11434 14293 1 3.158 3621 4526 1039 1787
41 10491 13114 3 0.906 11579 14474 954 1639
42 9263 11579 2 0.458 20225 25281 842 1447
43 9809 12261 4 1.496 6557 8196 892 1533
44 10146 12683 4 1.34 7572 9465 922 1585
45 9068 11335 1 4.54 1997 2497 824 1417
46 10841 13551 3 2.304 4705 5882 986 1694
47 8961 11201 4 0.611 14666 18333 815 1400
48 9642 12053 4 1.69 5705 7132 877 1507
49 8746 10933 4 1.86 4702 5878 795 1367
50 11589 14486 3 0.46 25193 31492 1054 1811
51 10226 12783 2 0.41 24941 31177 930 1598
52 10344 12930 1 3.07 3369 4212 940 1616
53 10396 12995 1 0.405 25669 32086 945 1624
54 9102 11378 3 0.38 23953 29941 827 1422
55 9382 11728 1 0.342 27433 34291 853 1466
56 9693 12116 2 0.428 22647 28309 881 1515
57 10737 13421 1 6.86 1565 1956 976 1678
58 11171 13964 2 0.488 22891 28614 1016 1745
59 11283 14104 2 0.469 24058 30072 1026 1763
60 9654 12068 3 0.373 25882 32353 878 1508
61 9246 11558 3 0.456 20276 25345 841 1445
62 11743 14679 2 0.415 28296 35370 1068 1835
63 9747 12184 2 0.413 23600 29501 886 1523
64 10528 13160 3 0.712 14787 18483 957 1645
65 9459 11824 1 0.39 24254 30317 860 1478
66 11294 14118 2 0.424 26637 33296 1027 1765
67 10490 13113 3 1.052 9971 12464 954 1639
68 9320 11650 3 0.46 20261 25326 847 1456
69 11631 14539 1 0.428 27175 33969 1057 1817
70 9350 11688 3 0.41 22805 28506 850 1461
Tot al 718395 897994 106 6750 8437 65309 112249
(* Ward-wise Population for 2011 is extrapolated as per the previous decadal growth)
 The Bareilly city comprises of 8, 97,994 population with an area 106.43 sq.km and total no
households are 1, 12,249 with an average household size of 8. Ward 18 having highest
population i.e., 14,745 and ward 49 having lowest population i.e., 10,933.
 The Density of city is 8437 per sq. km which is higher than national average 324 per sq. km.

Ward
Population Density Density Household Households
Zone *Population area in
2001 2001 2011 2001 2011
2011 Sq.km
1 197406 246758 43.562 322711 403389 17946 30845

2 227743 284679 20.098 407076 508845 20704 35585
3 176146 220183 19.658 291127 363909 16013 27523
4 117100 146375 23.112 79876 99846 10645 18297
Tot al 718395 897995 1 0 6 .4 6 6748 8435 65309 112249
 The above analysis indicates that zone 2 having the highest population and density
comparatively zone 4 has least percentile of population.
3.7.2 Status of Sewer Line Coverage
Length of
Ward area
Zone *Population 2011 Density 2011 Household 2011 Sewer
in Sq.km
line(km)
1 246758 43.562 403389 30845 43

2 284679 20.098 508845 35585 71
3 220183 19.658 363909 27523 59
4 146375 23.112 99846 18297 33
Tot al 897995 1 0 6 .4 6 8435 112249 206
 The above analysis indicates that percentage of sewer line coverage is more in zone 2 to
comparatively zone 4 has least coverage which indicates that access to public toilets /
community toilets/individual toilets is inadequate.
3.7.3 Status of Water Supply Coverage
Ward area Projected Projected Length of Water

Zone *Population2011
in Sq.km Density 2011 Household 2011 Pipeline in kms
1 246758 43.562
403389 30845 151
2 284679 20.098
508845 35585 203
3 220183 19.658
363909 27523 160
4 146375 23.112
99846 18297 64
Tot al 897995 1 0 6 .4 6 8435 112249 578

3.7.4 Status of Sources of Water Supply

Projected 2011 Ward area Projected Projected Sources of water supply
Zone
Population in Sq.Km Density 2011 Household 2011 Tap Hand pump Public tap Overhead tank
1 246758 43.562 403389 30845 7 607 133 2
2 284679 20.098 508845 35585 21 880 217 6
3 220183 19.658 363909 27523 10 598 112 6
4 146375 23.112 99846 18297 10 525 50 7
Total 897995 106.46 8435 112249 48 2610 512 21
(* Ward-wise Population for 2011 is extrapolated as per the previous decadal growth)
3.7.5 Water Supply - Service Level
Fig 3-4 Zone-wise Percentage of Water Supply
 The main source of water supply is through hand pumps which are clearly not enough for the
population. However there are few community taps as well, but they are far from being
sufficient for the entire population.

CHAPTER 4. INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

 Institutional Capacity Assessment
 Financial Assessment
4.1 Institutional Capacity Assessment

In Bareilly, steep growth (24.74 percent) in population from 2001-2011 has put tremendous pressure
on urban infrastructure demand such as water supply, sewerage and access to toilets, storm water,
solid waste etc. Urban areas are the engines of economic growth. The quality of civic infrastructure and
civic services has a critical bearing on economic development of the city and the state as a whole. The
74th amendment to the constitution devolved the role of management and development of the city to
the elected representatives of the city through the city’s Urban Local Body (ULBs). Hence the ULBs are
both the custodians of civil infrastructure and providers of civic services. Thus, ULBs are catalysts of
economic growth of a city. However, the management of a large city like Bareilly is a complex task
and several institutions are involved in it, as shown below.
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF BAREILLY CITY
AGENCIES IN BAREILLY URBAN LOCAL BODIES PARASTATAL BODIES

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
 Department of Urban Development, • Nagar Nigam Bareilly (NNB) • UP JAL Nigam, Bareilly
GoUP
 Director of Local Bodies, GoUP
• Bareilly Development Authority
• Bareilly Jal Kal Vibhag (DUDA) (BDA)
 Public Works Departments (PWD)
 State Pollution Control Board, • UP Housing Board, Bareilly
Bareilly
• District Urban Development
 UP Tourism Department
 Superintendent of Police, Agency (DUDA)
(Traffic)Bareilly
 Archaeological Survey of India,
Govt. of India, Bareilly
The primary responsibility of providing water supply and sanitation rests with state government and
more specifically with municipal government. Bareilly Jal Nigam (JN) deals with water supply projects
and operations while Nagar Nigam Bareilly (NNB) deals water supply and sewerage system with
social infrastructure such as education, public health and medical services.

4.1.1 Functions of Local and Parastatal Bodies

The UP Municipal Corporation Adhiniyam, 1959 as amended from time to time provides for majority
of the function listed in the 12th schedule of the constitution. Few major functions are listed below -
 Urban planning including town Planning

 Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings
 Planning for economic and social development
 Roads and bridges
 Water Supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes
 Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management
 Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects
 Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of the society, Slum improvement and up gradation
 Provision of Urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds
 Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetics aspects
 Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and Public Conveniences
 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries
4.1.2 Nagar Nigam BAREILLY (NNB)

NNB is administered under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Adhiniyam, 1959. The Act has
been amended in 1994 by UP Act 12 of 1994, UP Act 26 of 1995 and incorporates the amendments
made in 74th CAA, 1992 including the functions given in 12th schedule of the constitution and
incorporates the amendments made in 74th CAA, 1992 including the functions given in 12th schedule of
the constitution. Functions such as regulation of land-use and fire service are still not transferred to the
municipal corporation. The main organization which is responsible for urban governance and civic
management is the Nagar Nigam Bareilly.
The administrative wing of NNB is headed by a Nagar Ayukt appointed by state government and
supported by two Additional Nagar Ayukt also appointed by the state government. NNB is divided
into four zones and each zone is headed by an Assistant Nagar Ayukt.
4.1.3 Functions of NNB

The duties and powers of the Corporation and Corporation authorities are detailed in Sections 114 of
the said Act. The major functions being performed by NNB currently are –
 Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management
 Urban poverty alleviation
 Provision and maintenance of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.
 Provide and maintain the lighting of the public streets, corporation markets, and public buildings
and other Places vested in the corporation
 Maintenance of ambulance services
 Registration of vital statistics including births and deaths.
 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries
 Operation and Maintenance of burial grounds, cremation grounds, etc.

Though Water Supply and sewerage are also obligatory functions of Municipal Corporation as per the 12th
schedule of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA), in the case of city of Bareilly they are looked after
by Jal Kal Vibhag (NNB)
4.1.4 UP Housing and Development Board

U.P. Housing and Development Board was set up under the Act of 1965 in April 1966. It has been
established to implement the various housing and development schemes in a planned way under the
guidelines established by the state level and national level residential policy and programmes.
The main objectives of UP Housing and Development Board are to:
 Make the plan for all residence related activities in the urban areas and to get them implemented fast
and in effective way;
 Receive grant and loan from central and state government, commercial bank, financial organizations,
public bodies etc.;
 Acquire the land and construct roads, electricity, water supply, and other urban facilities and to
arrange and distribute the land and constructed houses according to the demand from registered
people;
 Make special arrangement for the houses for the backward class and scheduled caste and tribe,
security workers and freedom fighters.
4.1.5 Bareilly Development Authority (BDA)

The State Government established the Bareilly Development Authority (BDA) in 1974. It’s the largest
Bareilly Development Authority or BDA was formed by the government of Uttar Pradesh in order to
meet the growing housing needs of the people of Bareilly and its nearby areas.
The main aim of the Bareilly Development Authority was to reform the growing real estate business in
the city. This has in turn resulted in complete transformation of the landscape of the city. With well-
planned and organized development projects, the BDA Bareilly was successful in achieving a decent
infrastructural set up for the city. Bareilly Development Authority Bareilly has provided a uniform
structure to the constructions of residential flats, luxurious bungalows and duplexes. The BDA is not only
engaged in building economical residential projects in Bareilly but also undertakes construction of
commercial as well as office spaces, which will further help in boosting the Bareilly property market .
The major functions of BDA are summarized below –
 Overall development of city

 Making & implementation of Master Plan
 Planning for infrastructure for BDA colonies and its construction
 Zoning of the city
 Maintenance of BDA colonies till their handing over to NNB

4.1.6 UP Jal Nigam

Jal Nigam was formed in 1927 to undertake responsibility for the water supply and sewage disposal
of the State. Later in 1975 this department was transformed into Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam under the
Uttar Pradesh Water Supply and Sewerage Act, 1975. Under the Uttar Pradesh Water Supply and
Sewerage Act, 1975, UP Jal Nigam has to carry out the functions of - (a) preparation, execution, and
promotion of water supply and sewerage schemes, (b) preparation, execution and promotion of state
plans for water supply, sewerage and drainage and (c) to establish standards for water supply and
sewerage in the state.
4.1.7 Overlap of Institutional Responsibilities

The multiplicity of organizations involved in providing urban services makes the management of affairs
of the city highly complex. It becomes essential to define the roles and responsibilities of each of the
Agencies very clearly. The inter-relationships of various departments play an important role in the
good quality of services deliverability to the community /citizens of the city. Moreover, overlapping of
some of the functions requires a high level of coordination. The following table indicates the service-
wise planning, implementation and operation and maintenance function being carried out by various
agencies involved in providing services in Bareilly city.
Figure 4-1: Overlap of Institutional Responsibilities - BAREILLY City

OPERATION AND
SECTOR PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION
MAINTENANCE
LAND USE/ MASTER PLAN/
BDA BDA BDA
BUILDING BYELAWS
UPJN/ BDA/ UPHB
for colonies BJK/ UPJN/ DUDA for
WATER SUPPLY BJK/ UPJN
developed by them/ slum areas
DUDA for slum areas
SEWERAGE BJK/ UPJN BJK/ UPJN
ROADS/BRIDGES/FLYOVERS/RO NNB/BDA/PWD/ NNB/BDA/PWD/
PWD,BDA,NNB
B Housing Board/UPSIDC Housing Board/UPSIDC
MULTILEVEL PARKING NNB/Traffic Police NNB/Traffic Police/RTO
TRAFFIC CONTROL AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CITY SP Traffic, RTA, NNB
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
STREET LIGHTING NNB NNB NNB
STORM WATER DRAINAGE NNB NNB NNB
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT NNB NNB NNB
PARKS/PLAYGROUND/GOLF
COURSE/BEAUTIFICATION OF NNB, Forest NNB /BDA/Housing NNB/BDA/Housing
ROAD INTERSECTIONS/URBAN ,BDA,UPHB Board/Forest Board/Forest
FOREST
AIR, WATER AND NOISE
SPCB Pollution Control Board Pollution Control Board
POLLUTION CONTROL
SLUM DEVELOPMENT CDO,NNB,DUDA DUDA/BDA DUDA
URBAN POVERTY PROGRAMME NNB,DUDA DUDA DUDA
BDA/Housing Board, BDA/Housing Board,
HOUSING OR EWS
DUDA DUDA
PUBLIC CONVEYANCE R.T.O R.T.O
HERITAGE BUILDING NNB, Archaeological Archaeological Archaeological
CONSERVATION Department Department/NNB Department/NNB
Source: NNB 2012

The table clearly indicates that several services are being provided by more than a single agency
which increases the complexity of the service deliverability mechanism. The resulting unavoidable
delays due to the lack of coordination and the inordinate delays in transfer of assets to the concerning
agencies for the continuity in the service create a major roadblock in the development and operation
and maintenance of the sanitation infrastructure.

CHAPTER 5. INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES GAP ASSESSMENT
 Gap Assessment – Sewerage
o Identification of Problem Areas
 Gap Assessment – Access to Toilets
 Gap Assessment – Storm Water Management
 Gap Assessment – Solid Waste Management
The Service Level Benchmarks (SLB) established by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of
India shall enable the comparison of the existing levels of service and hence ascertain the performance
gaps. In addition to the SLBs’ certain established norms and specification in the specific sectors and few
assumptions based on best practices shall be considered to establish the infrastructure gaps; the
primary and secondary data analysis shall facilitate the performance gap assessment.
The gap assessment shall help the authorities to introduce improvements through the sharing of
information and best practices, ultimately resulting in creation and sustenance of better services to the
citizens.
5.1 Performance Gap Assessment – Sewerage

5.1.1 Premises for Infrastructure and Performance Gap Assessment
The table below shall represent the norms, specifications and the assumptions employed in the
determination of the infrastructure gaps –
TABLE 5-1: LIST OF NORMS, SPECIFICATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS

NORM/SPECIFICATION/
COMPONENT REMARKS
ASSUMPTION
Sewerage Management System
Coverage 100% SLB, MoUD, GoI
Wastewater Collection
Every household /property
Connections 1 per household should be connected to a
sewerage system
Street Collection Sewers 1.50m per household Best Management Practices
Grit/Grease Trap I per property Best Management Practices
Wastewater Conveyance System
Branch Sewers 0.75m per household Best Management Practices
Trunk Sewers 0.40m per household Best Management Practices
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
Adequacy of waste water treatment
100% SLB, MoUD, GoI
capacity
Quality of waste water treatment 100% SLB, MoUD, GoI
Extent of reuse and recycling of waste
20% SLB, MoUD, GoI
water

NORM/SPECIFICATION/
COMPONENT REMARKS
ASSUMPTION
80%
Disposal into rivers / natural water bodies
Septage Clearance
No. of septic tanks cleared per vehicle per 3 tanks per day per
Best Management Practices
day vehicle
Frequency of septage clearance
Once in 5 years Best Management Practices
Septage Treatment and Disposal
Sludge drying beds area 225 sq.m Best Design Practices
Thickness of Liquid sludge 20 cm Best Design Practices
Sludge volume per bed 45 cum Best Design Practices
Septage drying cycle 10 days Best Management Practices
TABLE 5-2: GENERAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS
INLAND LAND FOR MARINE/COASTAL
PARAMETER PUBLIC SEWERS
SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION AREAS
Colour and Odour ++ ++ ++
· For cooling
water effluent 10
Suspended solids mg/l,
100 600 200 per cent above
max.
total suspended
matter of influent.
pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0
shall not exceed shall not exceed
5oC above the 5oCabove the
Temperature
receiving water receiving water
temperature temperature
Oil and grease, mg/l
10 20 10 20
max,
Total residual chlorine,
1 - - 1
mg/l max
Ammonical nitrogen (as
50 50 - 50
N),mg/l, max.
Total kjeldahl nitrogen
(as N);mg/l, max. mg/l, 100 - - 100
max.
Free ammonia (as
5 - - 5
NH3), mg/l, max.
BOD, mg/l, max. 30 350 100 100
COD, mg/l, max. 250 - - 250
90% survival of
90% survival of 90% survival of 90% survival of
fish after 96 fish after 96 fish after 96
Bio-assay test fish after 96
hours in 100% hours in 100% hours in 100%
effluent effluent effluent hours
in 100% effluent
5.1.2 Existing Situation of Service Delivery and Gap Assessment
COLLECTION OF WASTE WATER

Interpretation: It is evident that the present central collection system does not serve the entire area; only Forty
(40%) percent of the total area of city is served by this system. It is roughly estimated that only 28 % of the
properties are connected to the system.

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER
Interpretation: The city lacks treatment and ultimate disposal system. The non-availability of
treatment and disposal system has resulted in pollution of land, natural water bodies and ground
water .
INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Organizational Structure
Interpretation: Non-compliance to best management practices and occupational health and safety
rules; lack of training, regular vacancies in NNB department are evidently the major issues.
Functional Assessment
Interpretation: Qualified staff is inadequate to design and sustain the existin g systems; Support
systems are rather weak in assessing the appropriateness of the system and do not well -equip NNB
to meet the challenges posed by the system;
Weak coordination among the NNB, BDA involved in the development of asset (Jal Nigam), and the
operations and management (Jal Kal – NNB) also poses a severe challenge which results in the
accountability issues.
The limited capacity of NNB reflects in the absence of community engagement and participatory
means in the planning, operations and management of the sewerage management system / service.
REGULATORY AND GOVER NANCE ASSESSMENT

Interpretation: Initiatives to introduce municipal bye-laws, building codes that shall ensure the best-
management practices at the citizens’ level need to be geared; Lac k of committees / community-
government collaborations with representation from pro-poor and community at large that shall
provide inputs for planning with inclusive approach and monitor the implementation on a periodic
basis
Figure 5-1: Overview of Performance Gap Assessment - Sewerage Management

COMPONENT OF SERVICE DESIRED SERVICE DELIVERY EXISTING SERVICE DELIVERY
Collection of Waste Water
Coverage of Sewer Network 100% of City Area 40 % of City Area
Household Connection to Network 100% 28%
Compliance of Septic Tanks to 100% Nil
CPHEEO Standards
Conveyance of Waste Water 100% 0%
Treatment Capacity of STPs 100% 34%
5.1.3 Identification of Critical Problem Areas
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 1 – Adverse risk to public health due to non-existence of

STPs and septage management leading to contamination of water bodies/water
supply distribution system and incidences of water borne diseases
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 2 – Marginal network of sewer in the city and sub-
standard operation & maintenance of the sewer network results in the deterioration
of condition of the sewer lines and hence their efficiencies. This also translates into
high O&M expenditures

5.2 Performance Gap Assessment – Access to Toilets

NORM / SPECIFICATION / REMARKS

COMPONENT
ASSUMPTION
Household Sanitation
Coverage 100% SLB, MoUD, GoI
Toilet Connected to Sewer / Septic Tank 1 per household Best Management Practices
Community Toilets
Accessibility 24X7 SLB, MoUD, GoI
Toilet Seats, if not used in the night 1 seat per 50 users Guidelines for Community
Toilet Seats, if used round the clock 1 seat per 35 users* Toilets, Ministry of Urban
Affairs & Employment
Bathing Units 1 unit per 50 users Guidelines for Community
Urinal Units 1 unit per 200-300 users Toilets, Ministry of Urban
2
Clothes Washing Area 4-5m per 10 toilet seats Affairs & Employment
Public Toilets
Toilet Seats 1 seat per 100 users
Bathing Units, not used in the night 1 unit per 50 users
Bathing Units, if used round the clock 1 unit per 70 users
Guidelines for Community
Urinal Units, not used in the night 1 unit per 200-300 users
Toilets, Ministry of Urban
Urinal Units, if used round the clock 1 unit per 300-500 users
2 Affairs & Employment
Clothes Washing Area, not used in the night 4-5m per 10 toilet seats
2
Clothes Washing Area, if used round the 4-5m per 30 toilet seats
clock
COVERAGE
Interpretation: It is established that in Bareilly city, 97 % of population has access to individual toilets.
However, only 2 % out of the 3% of the population without individual toilets has access to community
toilets.
Only 35% of the market/commercial areas having some kind of toilet facilities within the complex; i.e.
65 % of them is having no toilet facilities and Almost 95% of the schools have toilet facilities.
Open Defecation
Interpretation: It is established that in Bareilly city, 14.04 % of the total population defecates in the
open.
Interpretation: Lack of an organizational unit dedicated to the sector of access to sanitation.
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Inadequacy of Qualified Staff

Interpretation: Qualified Staff is inadequate to design and sustain the existing systems.

Overlap of Responsibilities
Weak coordination among the various departments involved in the construction and operations and
management also poses a severe challenge to NNB, which results in the absence of accountability.
Proper devolution of responsibilities is greatly hindered as well.
Limited Community Engagement

Interpretation: the public outreach and education programs are deficient.
REGULATORY AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT
Lack of Initiatives
Interpretation: Initiatives to introduce municipal bye-laws, building codes that shall enforce
performance standards for the new development are lacking; Citywide design guidelines of the
order of toilet design manual, sustainable sanitation technologies manual & water conservation
manual are not mandated yet! Laws imposing sanitation/septage manageme nt is not enforced yet
stringently
5.2.3 Identification of Critical Problem Areas – Access to Toilets
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 3 – Inadequate number and inappropriately designed

operated and maintained individual and community toilets in urban poor areas
leading to open defecation and eventual health and environmental risks;
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 4 – Open Defecation with adverse impacts on health and
environment despite 97% coverage of toilets (individual toilets) and 2% out of 3%
of the population’s access to community toilets. The poor operation and maintenance
has been the underlying cause.

TABLE 5-3: LIST OF NORMS, SPECIFICATIONS & STANDARDS - STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
NORM / SPECIFICATION REMARKS
COMPONENT
/ ASSUMPTION
Coverage of drainage network 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
Incidence of water logging / flooding 0 Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
COVERAGE
Interpretation: The storm water drainage network coverage in the city is 71.01 % and the length of the
network in the city measures to 591.6 km and the total length of the pucca covered drains is 420.1 km.
CONDITION OF DRAIN NETWORK

Interpretation: The storm water drains are choked due to indiscriminate dumping of solid waste and are also the
predominant carriers of sewage generated in the city. This results in the deterioration of the condition of the
drains. The capacity of the drains to carry the storm water is also impeded due to the sewage and the solid
waste filling the storm water drains in several location of the city, eventually leading to water logging and
flooding in these areas.

INCIDENCES OF WATER LOGGING/FLOODING

Interpretation: 60 incidences of water logging / flooding are observed in the entire city.
Interpretation: Lack of an organizational unit dedicated to the sector of storm water management


Lack of Initiatives
Interpretation: Initiatives to introduce municipal bye-laws, building codes that shall enforce
performance standards for the new development are lacking; Citywide design guidelines of the
order of source control measures, rain water harvesting, sustainable storm water management
technologies manual & water conservation manual are not mandated yet!
Figure 5-2: Overview of Performance Gap Assessment – Storm Water Management

Coverage of Drainage Network 100% 71%
Incidences of Water Logging / Flooding 0 60
Identification of Critical Problem Areas
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 5 – Kutcha and inadequate drainage system in the city
and dumping of solid/ liquid waste into drains is leading to water logging;
5.4 Performance Gap Assessment – Solid Waste Management

TABLE 5-4: LIST OF NORMS, SPECIFICATIONS & STANDARDS - STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
NORM /
COMPONENT SPECIFICATION / REMARKS
ASSUMPTION
PROCESSES
Household Coverage of Solid Waste 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
Management Services
Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI

NORM /
COMPONENT SPECIFICATION / REMARKS
ASSUMPTION
Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
Extent of municipal solid waste 80% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
recovered/recycled
Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
waste
Extend of processing and treatment of MSW 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
Area with Door to Door Collection (DTDC) 100% Best Design & Management Practices
service
Area under DTDC through motorized vehicles 60% Best Design & Management Practices
Area with Community Bins for collection of 100% Best Design & Management Practices
waste
No. of Pushcarts for DTDC 5 in 1000 HHs Best Design & Management Practices
No. of Cycle Rickshaws for DTDC 5 in 1000 HHs Best Design & Management Practices
No. of Auto Tippers 1 in 800 HHs Best Design & Management Practices
No. of Containers (3.0 cum capacity) 2.5 per 1000 Best Design & Management Practices
HHs
No of Containers (4.5 cum capacity) 1.5 per 1000 Best Design & Management Practices
HHs
Area under street sweeping 100% Best Design & Management Practices
No. of Handcarts in use for collection of Street 2.4 per km of Best Design & Management Practices
Sweepings road
No of Covered Containers 100% Best Design & Management Practices
No of covered transportation vehicles 100% Best Design & Management Practices
Waste dumped in open environment 0% Best Design & Management Practices
COST RECOVERY
Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 100% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
CUSTOMER SERVICE
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80% Service Level Benchmarking, MoUD, GoI
SEGREGATION OF WASTE
Interpretation: Segregation of waste at source is not practiced in the city of Bareilly
HOUSEHOLD COVERAGE
Interpretation: None of the households are covered by the solid waste management services
Primary Collection
Interpretation: None of the households are covered by the door-to-door collection service
Secondary Collection
Interpretation: 51% of the households dispose their waste in the designated secondary collection bins which are
lifted by the NNB.
COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF THE WASTE

Interpretation: 97.6% collection efficiency is reported for the city of Bareilly

Interpretation: Lack of an organizational unit dedicated to the sector of solid waste management


Lack of Initiatives
Interpretation: Initiatives to introduce municipal bye-laws, building codes and regulatory measures
that shall ensure and enforce performance standards for the existing and new development are
lacking;
Figure 5-3: Overview of Performance Gap Assessment – Solid Waste Management

Household Coverage 100% 0%
Segregation at Source 100% 0%
Collection Efficiency 100% 97.6%
Extent of Reuse and Recovery 80% 0 %
Extent of Treatment 100% 0%
Extent of Scientific Disposal 100% 0%
Cost Recovery
Extent of Cost Recovery 100% 0%
Efficiency of Collection of Charges 90% 0%
Customer Service
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80% 61.5%
Source: Service Level Benchmarking, Bareilly
5.4.3 Identification of Critical Problem Areas
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 6 – The Municipal solid waste is not scientifically disposed
off;
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 7- The household coverage of solid waste management

services as well as the overall collection efficiency and door to door collection is
inadequate and deficient;
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 8 – The solid waste management services are inadequate
in the urban poor areas as well as the public areas resulting in adverse health and
environmental impacts;

CHAPTER 6. IEC AND AWARENESS GENERATION

IEC campaign and awareness programmes can influence the public behavioral change. A sustained
grassroots campaign coupled with adequate mass media exposure is a mix that will deliver the
required results. Community participation backed by improved civic services can help Bareilly gain
open defecation free status. Neighborhood groups such as women’s self- help groups (SHGs) and
school children can be sensitized to the issue of open defecation. Having a community monitoring
system has been found to be very effective in several cities of southern India. A community level group
can be formed to dissuade open defecation. For instance, a group of school children armed with vigils
can alert the community to anyone trying to defecate in open. NNB sanitary inspectors and safai
karamcharies can patrol marked open defecation areas to arrest the practice. Making random visits
by NNB officials to open defecation areas early in the morning can be institutionalized to arrest open
defecation.
The City Sanitation Ranking methodology has given weight to reducing water-borne diseases.
Reduction in water borne diseases is another key area of focus for the communication strategy. About
half of those we polled said they suffered from water-borne disease in past six months. IEC can help in
generating awareness required to bring down the incidence of water borne diseases. The IEC
campaign can take up personal and community hygiene as key themes. These would include water-
borne diseases, other communicable ailments including skin diseases to make it more comprehensive.
In addition an integrated communication campaign to promote awareness and seek participation will
comprehensively tackle the issue of sanitation. This campaign will include community participation in
O&M of community toilets, segregation of solid waste at source etc. NNB would be well served with a
computerized public complaints resolution system. Citizens could use various means to communicate their
grievances and complaints such as phone, internet etc. As of now most citizens said they complained
directly through face to face interactions. Computerized complaint resolution system will keep all the
records of public complaints. This can be an effective tool for the NNB to monitor trends of complaints
and find out the gaps in service delivery and weak areas. Moreover the robust grievances redressal
mechanism will improve the extent of public satisfaction.
6.1 Elements of IEC and Awareness Generation

6.1.1 Communication Channels
The various communication channels used for the awareness campaign can be mass media,
newspapers, posters, FM radio, local cable TV channels etc. This campaign should be conducted ward
wise in the city under the overall coordination of NNB.

6.1.2 Campaign Partners

NNB should conduct the awareness campaign in consultation and partnership with NGOs,, print media
like Dainik Bareilly and other vernacular newspapers, local cable TV channels etc.
6.1.3 Public Participation
ADVISORY COMMITTEES:
These are constituted to ensure multi-stakeholder involvement in sanitation projects. Members of such
bodies can include prominent personalities from academia, arts, culture, social sector, media etc.
representatives of donor agencies, relevant heads of departments of NNB, and even leaders of
sanitation workers union. City Sanitation Task Force (CSTF) is one such body which has been constituted
as per the guidelines of NUSP at the city level. Another innovative idea gaining traction is of Ward
Level Sanitation Action Committees or Ward Committees are to be constituted as per the UP Municipal
Corporation (Ward Committees) Rules, 1995. For Bareilly city such a committee can be constituted at
ward level to monitor and oversee the progress of sanitation projects. This will ensure the effective
public consultations and community participation. A ward level body can be headed by Corporator
and comprise of ward members, Safai karamcharies, representatives, officials from NNB/JK, CBOs,
RWAs, NGOs, SHGs etc.
PUBLIC HEARINGS:
The system of public hearing is considered to be effective in monitoring the progress of projects and
resolving citizen grievances. What we propose here is that public consultation is essential during
designing of projects. The chances of success of a project are enhanced, as this makes sure the project
is designed to benefit as many people as possible. Seeking inputs from people will make them believe
that the NNB is concerned about their sanitary problems.
NATIONAL SCHOOL SANITATION INITIATIVE

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), with support from Ministry of Human Resource Development
(MoHRD) in collaboration with CBSE and GTZ India initiated the National Urban School Sanitation
Initiative project. The countrywide programme was launched on 27 April 2011 at New Delhi. The
initiative is aimed at using “Children as agents of change” philosophy and addressing the water,
sanitation and hygiene issues in urban schools, who can potentially take back the lessons home and
trigger a behavioral change. Government and Municipal Schools of Bareilly city truly have the
potential to herald a big behavioral change.
6.2 Action Plan

The timeframe of the recommended communication strategy is relevant for a period of two to three
years from the beginning of implementation. The process can evolve with the scope to incorporate any
mid-course changes and improvements, if required. Once initiated, it can take up a wide range of

other issues as per the requirements of the city. There is every likelihood of such a process be
institutionalized with Public Relations officer positioned at NNB.
Given the growth and rapidly changing social and economic environment of the cities, it would be
imperative for NNB to develop capacity to assess changes in the situation and adapt strategies
accordingly. Timely implementation of the recommendations made in this document will ensure that
desired results flow in a sustained manner.
Keeping in view the problems faced by urban poor of the city and scope of city sanitation plan, it is
opined that less emphasized area of communication holds a vast potential. There are three important
components to the communication strategy:
 Inter-personal communications: Using opinion leaders
 Engaging media and NGOs as partners in promoting sanitation consciousness
 Adapting and developing multimedia IEC materials for sanitation campaigns
Interpersonal means are known to be very effective in behavior change communications. These are
tedious processes to carry out but offer better returns. It is important to understand the needs of the
local community and select opinion leaders who could influence the community to further sanitation
TABLE 6-1: ACTION PLAN FOR IEC CAMPAIGN & COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3
(1-6 MONTHS) (1-12 MONTHS) (12-24 MONTHS)
‘AWARENESS RAISING PHASE’ ‘FEEDBACK PHASE’ ‘COMPLIANCE PHASE’
Short (1 to 2 month) phase aimed 3-4 month phase to enhance trust Consolidating gains and sustaining
at generating high awareness and between stakeholders behaviour change
taking steps to build trust among
stakeholders.
1. 1. Health & Hygiene and Information and educational Offering awards and imposing
Government programmes and approaches are employed to penalties for undesirable
processes-Goals of City stress the importance, among behaviours. This phase is a
Sanitation Plans etc. for all other things, of properly continuing education and
stake holders designed community toilets, promotional phase.
2. 2. Status of community toilets, septic tanks and periodic septic Mobilized public opinion is
solid waste management, water tank inspections and important to push for compliance.
supply and drain cleaning. dislodging every 3-5 years. Continue promotional activities to
3. 3. Setting out goals and Seeking feedback from the trigger the actual adoption of the
exploring all avenues of residents on status of practices being marketed. Building
improvement including community toilets their design, sustaining process to open channels
community participation and solid waste management of communication between NNB
consultation with officials. practices etc. Imposition of and citizens. Compliance should be
4. Industries and user fee on commercial sought from industries and
slaughterhouses be made establishments for improved slaughterhouses. Imposition of user
aware of the importance for municipal services. fee on commercial establishments
compliance of waste for improved municipal services.
management. Cleanliness drives targeting non-
compliers.
 Organize walk to the wards  Organize walk in the wards  Organize walk in wards with
with local corporators or with local corporators or local corporators or NNB
NNB officials, NNB officials, meeting with officials, meetings with
meeting/workshop with stakeholders, shopkeepers, stakeholders, Shopkeepers, RWA,
stakeholders, shopkeepers, RWA, SHG etc to monitor SHG etc. for sustaining the
RWA, SHG etc. the progress made. progress made.

 Making use of the municipal  Seeking feedback from  Encouraging further discussion
council to further goals of corporators to help effective between municipal
city sanitation plan, implementation. administration and elected
discussion between various representatives to, furthering co-
departments for increased ordination between various
co-ordination. Exploring departments for better attainment
institutional arrangements of CSP goals.
for such co-ordination.
Media options: Media options: Media options:
 Local Cable TV ads (30  Local newspaper  Continuing radio, TV, print ads
secs) advertisements  Continuing house to house
 Local newspaper ads  House-to-house visits  visits
 Billboards  Radio/ local cable TV public  Continuing short film showing in
 Tarpaulin posters mounted affairs show theatres
on mobile vans  Short film/video showing in  Continuing billboards but less
 Leaflets for those theatres frequent
attending meetings  Continuing  Continuing news releases on all
 News releases in print, billboards/tarpaulin posters platforms
radio and TV  Continuing news releases  Continuing feature articles
 Discussions on radio in print, radio and cable TV
 Feature articles in media
consciousness. These opinion leaders could be local NGOs, corporators, school teachers or any other
respected elder. A newspaper advertisement or a public service message on TV without ground level
work through opinion leaders will fail to be sustainable in the long run.
It is important to understand that several recommendations require institutional reforms. There are
complex ways in which institutions work including overlapping responsibilities and a lack of mutual co-
ordination. Success in the long run will also depend on furthering such reforms. Communications can help
identify potential bottlenecks to service delivery
TABLE 6-2: ADVOCACY ACTION PLAN

STAKEHOLDER SOCIO-CULTURAL/BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS
GROUPS
SLUM INNER This area is having community toilets with several operation and maintenance challenges
CITY
Children do not prefer to enter the community toilets; Open defecation by children in drains and open
spaces is common.
Water Scarcity and poor state of community toilets forces elders also to defecate in open but, it is not very
common.
People are in some ways constrained in going out to defecate in the inner city areas.
Open areas such as vacant plots have become open defecation spots.
Most of community toilets discharge their waste into open nallas/drains
SHOPKEEPERS Bareilly city has a vibrant commercial area
General hygiene & sanitation awareness is far below among the shopkeepers; particularly meat, milk
products, vegetables/fruits or eatable shops.
Most of the shopkeepers throw their waste on the road/street side or in nallas.

The nallas get clogged and cleaned at irregular intervals by Nagar Nigam.
No provision of dustbins in the commercial areas and markets.
Very few public toilets and urinals in the market areas
HIGHER Door to door collection have started in some areas but not city wide
INCOME
GROUP Kuchha open drains are present in many area
RESIDENTS
Sewage lines are not cleaned at regular intervals
LOW INCOME Irregular sweeping of street occasional clearing of drains.

GROUP
RESIDENTS Irregular water supply
Dumping of solid waste in open on roadside
MUNICIPAL Officials should call meetings of shopkeepers specially butchers/eatable vendors to raise their awareness
OFFICIALS about hygiene and to promote safe practices of waste disposal
Nagar Nigam officials need help to enhance their capacities for better implementation of sanitation
projects
A better co-ordination between various departments such as JalKal, ADA is required
Nagar Nigam should look into operational as well as maintenance aspects of community toilets
6.2.1 Messages for Stakeholders

National Urban Sanitation Policy 2008, by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India
has outlined constitution, roles and responsibilities of City Sanitation Task Forces envisaging multi-
stakeholder involvement. Eminent persons from the city (from fields of academics, NGOs, media, art,
business etc.) are included into this task force. At a more micro level, creation of Ward Sanitation
Action Committee headed by Corporator of the concerned wards and comprising members from NNB,
Safai Karamcharies commended.
A set of powerful mnemonics related to sanitation could be one of the ways of beginning the process
of developing sanitation consciousness- say something like ‘swach ghar samridh parivar’. The
messages that need to be put across to the stakeholders are as follows:
TABLE 6-3 : MESSAGES AND DIFFERENT CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATIONS TO VARIOUS TARGET AUDIENCES
TARGET MESSAGES/THEMES CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
AUDIENCE
Corporator, Seeking community inputs for building and repairing Training Programs for officials from
Commissioner, community and individual toilets, toilets should be NNB, Jal Kal Vibhag, DUDA
Engineers designed for social acceptance.
Anti- open defecation and sanitation campaigns Participation in interactive programmes
How to ensure compliance from people through such as heritage walks etc. to promote
rewards/Punishments city sanitation,
Better co-ordination between various departments Council meeting, CSP workshops,
including Water Board for implementation of City
Sanitation Plan Newspaper advertisement calling for
Safe handling of garbage by Sanitation workers meeting/seeking participation in walks
Press Conference-sharing the goals and


AUDIENCE
Promoting source segregation at source and dump plan of action for CSP with press
yards persons
Videos on best practices and their
impact
Corporator, Consultations on preventing open defecation Organize transect walk with local
NNB office Consultation seeking inputs of residents on improving Corporator or officials, RWA Meeting
bearers, Slum community toilets and their usage (with the local Corporator)
residents Safe disposal of Human Excreta
representing Contamination due to Faecal Matter Door to door campaign
inner city Do not burn garbage Newspaper Advertisement calling for
Segregation of household waste, and disposal in meeting
designated bins Press Conference
Education on Health and hygiene to prevent diseases Short Films on best practices
such as Diarrhoea, GE, Malaria, Scabies
Consultation on problems with current toilets, taking
stock of the community toilets status
Consultation of water supply situation
Consultation on Environmental sanitation
Consultation on expectations from Municipality
Corporator, NNB Consultation on land tenure, voter ID card address Organize transect walk with local
office bearers, related issues Corporator or officials
Slum resident Consultation on problems with community toilets,
representing household toilets, hand washing,
slum of city Improved sanitation and hygienic practices in RWA Meeting with local corporators
outskirts community toilets and NNB zonal officials
Health Risks due to open defecation Door to door campaign
Toilet options two pit, septic tank Newspaper Advertisements/ calling for
Safe disposal of Human Excreta meeting/ seeking participation in the
Health and hygiene, Diarrhea, GE, Malaria, Scabies transect walks
Consultation of water scarcity, water quality problems Press Conference
Consultation on expectations form Municipality and Short Films on best practices
how they could be met
Office bearers of Consultation on problems with community toilets RWA Meetings with concerned officials,
Residents Consultation on septic tank cleaning
Door to door campaigning
Welfare Consultation on Environmental sanitation
Association Consultation of water supply situation Newspaper Advertisement calling for
Middleclass Consultation of willingness to pay for tricycles etc. meeting
localities Consultation on expectations form Municipality Press Conference
Short educational videos etc.
Water and Display numbers of responsible officials; Sanitation Printed pamphlets given with
sanitation Inspectors prominently in their Zones newspapers, newspaper
officials Establish grievance redressal mechanism. advertisements, painting on
Emphasis on time bound resolution of public Elevated/underground reservoirs
grievances Print the phone numbers of responsible
officials on the municipal garbage
tractors
Water and Importance of safe handling of waste Meetings and workshops of Municipal
Sanitation Do not burn garbage workers
Workers Do not dump Garbage on roads leading to dump
yard
Educating people on waste segregation


AUDIENCE
Shopkeepers, Do not dump garbage in by lanes Meeting of the local shopkeeper
commercial If you need to dispose hazardous waste call the associations to sort out the problems
industrial, municipality and ask for a tractor. among themselves, meeting with
slaughterhouses Slaughter house waste disposal consolations municipal officials and corporators.
City Wide Keep house and neighborhood clean Road Side Billboards
Keep your community toilets clean
Boil/Filter the Water before drinking Newspaper, radio and TV Ads
Wash your hands before and after eating/drinking City Cable
Don’t allow mosquitoes to breed in your neighborhood
Immunize children Press conference
Don’t share clothes of persons infected with skin Know your city and transect walks etc.
diseases Short films for screening in Theatres etc.

CHAPTER 7. SECTOR SPECIFIC STRATEGIES
 City-Level Vision and Goals of Bareilly CSP
 City-Level Problem Areas, Strategy and Recommendations
 City-Level Action Plans
o Technology
o Finance
o Institution & Governance
o Capacity Enhancement and Awareness
o Inclusiveness
The key challenge looming large at the cities is devising an implementation strategy for the City
Sanitation Plan (CSP). The development of the implementation strategy entails detailed planning;
initiatives supported by incentives, guidance system / sound financial systems; innovations; context
specific solutions, prioritization; supportive context; and most importantly, ownership and leadership.
The prime responsibility of implementation of the CSP rests with Nagar Nigam Bareilly (NNB),
however, it is imperative that NNB shall engineer and institutionalize the collaborative efforts of all
stakeholders involved to help achieve the defined goals as part of the implementation strategy.
The implementation strategy is evolved based on the detailed analysis of the situation in the major
sectors of sanitation namely; (a) sewerage; (b) access to sanitation – toilets; (c) storm water and (d)
solid waste (please refer to Chapters 3 and 4). The sanitation mapping, initial and final analysis of the
baseline data, and projection of demand for various sanitation services in the defined sectors have
helped identify the level of deficiency in respect of sanitation in Bareilly.
A broad city level strategy for implementation of the City Sanitation Plan for Bareilly is outlined along
the five strategic intervention domains namely, (1) Technology Options; (2) Financial Options; (3)
Institutional and Governance Options; (4) Capacity Enhancement and Awareness Generation Options;
and (5) Inclusive Approach.
7.1 City-Level Vision and Goals of Bareilly CSP

Vision Statement - “Bareilly shall be environmentally safe and totally sanitized &
livable city so as to ensure good public health standards, human dignity, and privacy
for all citizens”
The broad goals for Bareilly City shall reflect thus -
 Goal 1 - The entire population of the city shall have access to toilets in the form of either individual
toilets, shared toilets or community toilets, with adequate water supply by 2017;
 Goal 2 - All major public places shall have adequate number of public toilets in fully serviceable
condition by the year 2017;

 Goal 3 - The quality of drinking water shall be improved and the entire population shall have access to
quality drinking water by the year 2017;
 Goal 4 - All the households shall be connected to the sewerage network, centralized or decentralized
by the year 2015
 Goal 5 – All the waste water generated in the city shall be collected and conveyed through an
appropriate sewer network to treatment plants, treated to acceptable quality levels and disposed,
recycled or reused by the year 2015;
 Goal 6 - All households as well as non-residential users shall have access either to a door-to-door
collection of garbage or to a secondary collection facility within easy accessible distance by the year
2014;
 Goal 7 - All the solid waste generated in the city shall be segregated, collected, transported and either
processed for reuse or disposed of in a sanitary landfill by the year 2014;
 Goal 8 - The entire sanitation system as visualized above is socially, environmentally and economically
sustainable and effectively managed by a capable team in the municipality, maintaining adequate
standards of safety for the workers;
The guiding principles for the realization of the vision and hence the defined goals as articulated
above are enumerated below –
 Equity
 Sustainability – Technical, Financial, and Environmental
 Transparency
 Local Adaptability
 Improved Public Heath
 Inclusiveness
7.1.2 Framework
The National Urban Sanitation Policy, Uttar Pradesh Urban Sanitation Strategy, and the National
Rating and Award Scheme for Sanitation for Indian Cities by Government of India, provide a good
framework for defining the guidelines to prepare the City Sanitation Plan and its implementation
strategy.
TABLE 7-1: ASSUMPTIONS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING
INDICATORS AS GUIDELINES FOR CSP

PER NUSP
OUTPUT RELATED  Proposals to provide safe access to household sanitation and serve entire population
by toilets
 Proposals for safe disposal of waste water, storm water and solid waste
 Proposals to meet the national standards for safe disposal of liquid and solid wastes
PROCESS RELATED  Proposals to ensure the efficient design of the system in conformity with applicable
rules and regulations
 Proposals to ensure clear devolution of responsibility and accountability in the
institutional system
 Proposals to ensure competent documentation of the operational and monitoring
systems
 Proposals to ensure the formulation of prudent sanctions for deviances / violations of
the system both at individual / institutional level and ensure the enactment
OUTCOME RELATED  Proposals to ensure the systems facilitate and sustain good public health and
environmental conditions

7.1.3 Timeline
The system shall be designed under the broad framework as per the guidelines for a design period of
30 years; however, the planning shall entail the implementation of the design in phases to meet the
ultimate goals of the CSP.
The phased approach aims to navigate through the challenges posed by the limitations in investments,
institutional capacities, and community engagement in a proficient manner. The phases and the
corresponding timelines are defined as stated below –
TABLE 7-2: ASSUMPTIONS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING

PHASE YEAR
IMMEDIATE-TERM 2013 – 2015
SHORT-TERM 2013 – 2018
MID-TERM 2013 – 2033
LONG-TERM 2013 – 2043
TABLE 7-3: Phases and Timelines for City Sanitation Strategy
PHASE/YEAR
SHORT-TERM MID-TERM LONG-TERM
2013 - 2018 2019 - 2033 2034 - 2043
Initiate efforts to eradicate slums and award Regular Houses for all Regular Houses for all
land tenure and achievement of eradication
of slums and award of land-tenure - regular
small houses replace slum settlements
Initiate efforts towards public outreach and 90% Literacy rate is 95% Literacy rate is achieved
education and 80% Literacy rate is achieved achieved
Initiate efforts to generate awareness Citizens adopt the better Citizens adopt the better hygiene
campaigns to promote better hygiene and hygiene and sanitation and sanitation practices and
sanitation practices and Citizens adopt the practices and sustain the sustain the systems
better hygiene and sanitation practices systems
Initiate efforts to regularize the participatory Participatory planning Participatory planning

planning and budgeting and participatory institutionalized institutionalized
ASSUMPTIONS
ASSUMPTIONS
planning institutionalized
Initiate efforts to enhance employment rates 90% of the population is 100% of the population is
through local adaptivity and productivity and employed and has employed and has regular income
70% of the population is employed and has regular income
regular income
Initiate efforts to promote 3R Principle - Water Conservation Water Conservation practices are
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle and citizens practices are prevalent; prevalent; Storm Water Source
adopt the 3R Principle - Reduce, Reuse and Storm Water Source Control mechanisms are
Recycle in all sectors Control Mechanisms are regularized;
regularized; Reduction/Reuse/Recycle of
Reduction/Reuse/Recycl liquid/solid waste is achieved
e of liquid/solid waste is
achieved
Efforts initiated to provide 135 lpcd water Water connections to all Water connections to all has been
supply to all citizens and water connections has been achieved and achieved and 135 lpcd water
to all has been achieved and 135 lpcd water 135 lpcd water supply is supply is also achieved
supply is also achieved also achieved

7.2 City-Level Critical Problem Areas, Strategy and

Recommendations
7.2.1 Sewerage Management
CRITICAL PROBLEM AREAS

 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 1– Marginal network of sewer (only 40%) in the city and sub-
standard operation & maintenance of the sewer network results in the deterioration of
condition of the sewer lines and hence their efficiencies. This also translates into high O&M
expenditures;
 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 2 - Adverse risk to public health due to non-existence of STPs and
septage management leading to contamination of water bodies/water supply distribution
system and incidences of water borne diseases;
STRATEGY
Based on the comprehensive situation analysis executed for the city within the sewerage sector and the
identified gaps in the level of service delivery, the targets for service delivery are set across the
planning horizon of 30 years. Based on the existing sanitation situation, demographic profile of the city
including the population density patterns, the socio-economic profile, the topography, and the financial
aspects of NNB, the targets are set as given in table 7-4 for the immediate, short-term, mid-term and
long-term phases of the city sanitation planning.
TABLE 7-4: TARGETS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY LEVELS IN SEWERAGE MANAGEMENT SECTOR
DESIRED EXISTING TARGETS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY LEVELS

LEVEL OF LEVEL OF IMMEDIAT SHORT-
COMPONENT OF SERVICE MID-TERM LONG-TERM
SERVICE SERVICE E-TERM TERM
DELIVERY DELIVERY 2013-2030 2013-2043
2013-2015 2013-2018
Collection of Waste Water
100%
100%
Coverage of Sewer Network (Demand 100% (Demand
100% 40% 50% (Demand
(% of city area) until until 2043)
until 2030)
2018)
100%
100%
Properties Connection to (Demand 100% (Demand
100% 40.66% 50% (Demand
Network until until 2043)
until 2030)
2018)
100%
100%
Compliance of Septic Tanks (Demand 100% (Demand
100% 0% 50% (Demand
to CPHEEO Standards until until 2043)
until 2030)
2018)
100%
100%
(Demand 100% (Demand
Conveyance of Waste Water 100% 80% 90% (Demand
until until 2043)
until 2030)
2018)
50%
100%
(Demand 100% (Demand
Treatment Capacity of STPs 100% 0% 25% (Demand
until until 2043)
until 2030)
2018)
Cost Recovery
Extent of Cost Recovery 100% 40.2% 50% 100% 100% 100%

Efficiency in Collection of
100% 78.5% 90% 100% 100% 100%
Sewage Charges
Customer Service
Efficiency in redressal of
80% 65.2% 80% 80% 80% 80%
customer complaints
The strategy adopted to achieve the aforementioned targets in the service delivery shall include the
restoration of the existing sewerage network system for use in the immediate phase while engaging in
the assessment of further requirement in both the sewer network coverage and treatment and disposal
systems. The possibility of a judicious blend of centralized and decentralized systems to meet the
demands of the city shall be thoroughly investigated. The technology and service delivery options shall
be designed to ensure the sewerage is managed efficiently through the entire cycle of operations
originating at the generation of wastewater and culminating in the ultimate disposal. (Please refer to
Annexure 12 for the O&M procedures and systems).
All stages of the complete cycle are carefully planned to extend services to the entire city population
cutting across all sections of the society and all levels of the settlements. The several options are
designed with a focus on energy efficiency and overall sustainability of the system, keeping in mind the
existing limitations of technical, financial and social capacities of NNB. The service delivery options
shall enmesh the community participation and NGO involvement to complement NNB capacities.
Given the fact that the city is largely characterized by population with a low awareness in terms of the
available sewerage management services and also the adverse impacts of the current malpractices
leading to disintegration of health and environment; hence the proposals shall bear in mind the
requirement for generation of awareness in the community alongside the provision for educating theses
masses. This approach shall ensure sustainability of the proposed systems. (Please refer to Chapter 6 for
awareness generation strategy)
7.2.1.2.1 Design Premises

The proposals shall be based on the following parameters –
 Projected Populations
 Projected Households
 Existing Situation vis-à-vis the Key Issues at Ward Level
 Projected Sewerage Generation1
 Existing Institutional Capacities
 Existing Financial Capacities
1 The sporadic maximum sewage contributions from the floating population, during festivals and major events in
the city, are considered and compounded with the regular city-level sewage quantities towards peak load
considerations for design purposes. The proposed system shall provide for the buffer capacity to address the
intermittent extreme waste loads.

TABLE 7-5: DESIGN INPUTS - SEWERAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Water Demand Sewerage Solid Waste
Year Projected Population (MLD) (@ 150 Generation (MLD) Generation (TPD)(@
lpcd) @ 80% 0.45 kg per capita)
2015 1,109,798 166.47 133.18 499.41
2020 1,201,170 180.18 144.14 540.53
2025 1,302,173 195.33 156.26 585.98
2030 1,413,795 212.07 169.66 636.21
2035 1,537,152 230.57 184.46 691.72
2040 1,673,509 251.03 200.82 753.08
2045 1,824,299 273.64 218.92 820.93
The table below presents the requirement for the septage collection vehicles as part of the septage
management process –
TABLE 7-6: ASSESSMENT OF SEPTAGE COLLECTION VEHICLE REQUIREMENT
No. of Households Connected to Septic Tanks 102372

Once in 2 years (Once in 5 yrs. as per CPHEEO
Septage Clearance Frequency Norms)
No. of Septic Tanks To Be Cleared Every Year 51186
No. of Operation Days in a Year 300
Septage Generation @ 2 cum/septic Tank/pit /year 102372
Daily Septage Generation (cum) 280
Total No. of Septic Tanks to be Cleared Every Day 171
CPHEEO Norm for Requirement of Septage Collection
Vehicle 1 Vehicle for Clearing 3 Septic Tanks in a Day
Total No. of Septage Collection Vehicles Required 57
The type of vehicle required depends on factors such as the septage generation in a day as well as
the width of access routes to the households connected to septic tanks. The overall strategy of
integrating septage management into either sewerage or solid waste management will also have a
greater bearing on the requirement assessment for the number and type of the septage collection
vehicles.
7.2.1.2.2 Design Phases

PHASE DESIGN COMPONENTS
 Initiate primary collection and conveyance system ;
IMMEDIATE-
 Initiate septage management system
TERM
(2013-2015)  Feasibility study for decentralized waste water treatment systems as a permamnent solution
 Connections to the households;
 Finalize collections to households and the conveyance system
 Intermittent decentralized waste water treatment systems for existing waste generation;
SHORT-TERM
(2013-2018)
 Finalize decentralized waste water treatment systems if found feasible
 Treatment and Disposal
 Septage Treatment & Disposal
MID-TERM  Augmentation of the system to meet the demands of the growing population
(2013-2030)  Replacements of components and operation & maintenance
LONG-TERM  Augmentation of the system to meet the demands of the growing population
(2013-2043)  Replacements of components and operation & maintenance

RECOMMENDATIONS
Solution for the Critical Problem 1 – ‘The coverage of sewerage network in the city is
grossly deficient and the operation & maintenance drawbacks’
Immediate Action Directives
 As an immediate measure it is recommended that NNB & Jal Kal release a ‘tender’ requesting
expression of interest and subsequent award of the contract of operation and maintenance
(O&M) of the existing sewerage network and pumping stations to a Private Service Provider
(PSP) on Rehabilitate, Operate and Transfer (ROT) basis until the new system is in place. .The
scope of the PSP shall include – (1) rehabilitate and maintain the existing sewer drains and
sewer lines, (2) rehabilitation and O&M of the existing pumping stations
The PSP shall undertake the following study as part of the contract – (1) status of the trunk main,
branch mains & laterals (2) status of manholes, (3) status of pumping stations, (4) size, material and
age of pipes, (5) number and status of grease/silt traps, and (6) identification of the households
without connections. A GIS based information system shall be created awarding unique IDs to all
assets in consultation with NNB.
DPR
 Based on the findings of the feasibility study, NNB may release a notice to invite expression of
interest to prepare a DPR or modify the existing DPR to conceptualize and design the
decentralized systems in the sewerage zones which shall also include - (1) design of streamlined
connection mechanism , along with the master map of the conveyance system, supporting reliable
collection service (2) development of capacity management, operation & maintenance program
(CMOM) and Sewer Connection Assessment Program (SCAP)
Administrative and Regulatory Measures
 Institutionalizing of the Household Connection Mechanism–The connection will be undertaken

by certified plumper, who is authorized by NNB. Training courses for the plumber is to be
organized by NNB at the end of which the ‘certification and license’ shall be provided.
 Institutionalizing Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Mechanisms – M&E mechanisms for the
design implementation/asset development as well as operation & maintenance of the assets shall
be developed under the technical wing of NNB supported by a dedicated team of engineers and
laborers to handle the O&M of the system. ‘Training and certification’ of the technical team and
laborers shall be organized by NNB which shall include the use of sophisticated instrumentation
required for the O&M.
 Develop and Regularize Municipal Bye-Law– Municipal Bye-Laws or Building Codes shallbe
introduced to make connectivity mandatory for grounds situated in a defined distance from the

next sewer line. Grounds, with exceeding distance maybe allowed installing onsite systems.
Connectivity applies for all black or grey water outlets.
 Develop and Conduct Awareness Generation Campaigns– Campaigns shall be conducted to

propagate the benefits of better hygienic and sanitation practices and also advocate the
efficiency and benefits of the sewerage management systems designed for the community. Through
the campaigns, NNB shall encourage the residents to connect to the existing and proposed network
through financially sustainable mechanisms and cross-subsidy mechanisms;
 Ring Fence Sector Specific Budgets–Budgets shall be established and the dedicated Sewerage
Sectoral Unit under the Sanitation Department shall develop the costs and the tariff structures in
consultation with the Finance & Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell
(working closely with the communities) in order to promote efficient ‘cost recovery mechanisms’.
‘Impact benefit tax’ is also proposed to be levied upon regularization of services.
 Establish Connection Fee – Each ground will be provided with a nominal connection fee, which is
to be reinvested into the system for capital investment and not for O&M cost. Connection for lower
income groups shall be subsidized.
Solution for the Critical Problem 2 – ‘Due to non-existence of STPs and lacking proper
septage management leading to contamination of water bodies/water supply
distribution system and incidences of water borne diseases’
 As an immediate measure, it is recommended that NNB procure septage suction vehicles and
engage a private service provider (PSP) to implement the septage clearance for the existing septic
tanks; the disposal site may be decided in consultation with STP or integrated solid waste
management facility operators. The decision shall be based on the following factors – (1) septage
characteristics; (2) potential of waste to energy options for septage; and (3) availability of
land/capacity to integrate septage treatment in the respective processes.
 NNB shall facilitate the IEC campaigns to educate the residents on the benefits of compliance of
septic tanks to the prescribed guidelines by CPHEEO.
 Through the IEC campaigns NNB shall disseminate the incentive mechanisms for compliance to
standards.
Feasibility Study
In order to establish a sustainable septage clearance and management system for the city, a study
shall be conducted to assess the possibility of integrating the septage management into the
sewerage or the solid waste management system. It may be recommended to strategize the
management separately for the existing and the future septic tanks.
‘Premises’ – The septage clearance from the existing septic tanks shall be integrated with the solid
waste management primary collection system and the septage either disposed to the solid waste

management facility or the STP site. The septage treatment again shall be integrated either with the
solid waste treatment or the sewerage treatment process.
‘Premises’ – The septage clearance from the future septic tanks shall be integrated into the
sewerage network system, while the septage treatment shall be integrated either with the solid
waste treatment or the sewerage treatment process.
The scope of the feasibility study shall include –
o Assessment of the ward wise demand for desludging facilities and the feasibility of separation
of black and grey water;
o Assessment of the septage characteristics in ward-wise and sewerage zone-wise manner in the
city so its potential of integration into sewerage treatment or solid waste treatment may be
established;
o Assessment of the potential of use of septic tanks as interceptor tanks for the sewerage systems
– assess the design options of septic tanks for the new constructions so connection to the sewer
network is feasible;
o Assessment of the potential of the waste to energy options to ascertain the viability of the
integration of septage treatment into the sewerage or solid waste treatment process
o Assessment of the vehicle options to collect septage along with solid waste to make the system
more financially viable and sustainable.
DPR
interest to prepare a DPR for the – (a) rehabilitative and up-gradation works of the existing septic
tanks and (b) planning and design of the new septage management system2 that shall integrate th
eseptage management with either sewerage or solid waste management. The scope shall include –
(1) Procedures for rehabilitation of septic tanks to arrest seepage as well as upgradation into
interceptor tanks to integrate into proposed off-site sewerage system , (2) develop design
guidelines for the septic tanks to be adopted by the city so septage management system including
clearance & treatment gradually can be integrated into the future/proposed off-site sewerage
system(s) or solid waste systems, (3) develop GIS based asset registry system for septage
management and the computerized maintenance management plan coupled with comprehensive
M&E system - this system shall track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central
repository of areas of complaints and general maintenance;
Administrative and Regulatory Measures
 Develop and Conduct Awareness Generation Campaigns– Campaigns shall be developed and
conducted to propagate the benefits of integration of the existing septic tanks into the off-site
sewerage systems so it may increase the acceptance of the procedures by the community and their
willingness to pay for the management services may be reinforced;
 Regularize Municipal Bye-Laws and Building Codes – Municipal bye-laws and building codes
shall be developed and enforcing mechanism shall be institutionalized by NNB to promote
sustainable septage management system for the city. The directive shall (1) mandate the stringent
compliance mechanism for the design of septic tanks along with the approval of new constructions;
(2) Regulatory oversight mechanisms to penalize the citizens violating the establishing regulation
and standards; (3) Approve construction of septic tanks only if CPHEEO guidelines are followed
2 Annexure 13 provides literature on septage management practices and design guidelines

(certification mechanism), which include - (i) includes only the discharge of black water (toilets), (ii)
does not exceed population density of 300 capita/hectare, (iii) exclude use of soak pits in areas
with impermeable soil, hardrock or high groundwater table.
 Institutionalize Incentive Schemes–Incentives shall be introduced in the form of property tax
rebates in order to achieve connectivity (can be linked with sewerage issue.
7.2.2 Access to Toilets

 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 3 - Inadequate number and inappropriately designed, operated and
maintained individual and community toilets in urban poor areas leading to open defecation and
eventual health and environmental risks.
 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 4 - Open Defecation with adverse impacts on health and environment
despite 97% coverage of toilets (individual toilets) and 2% out of 3% of the population’s access to
community toilets. The poor operation and maintenance has been the underlying cause.
STRATEGY
Based on the comprehensive situation analysis executed for the city within the access to toilet sector
and the identified gaps in the level of service delivery, the targets for service delivery are set across
the planning horizon of 30 yrs. Based on the existing sanitation situation, demographic profile of the
city including the population density patterns, the socio-economic profile, the topography, and the
financial aspects of NNB, the targets are set for the immediate, short-term, mid-term and long-term
phases of the city sanitation planning.
TABLE 7-7: TARGETS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY LEVELS IN ACCESS TO TOILETS SECTOR
TARGETS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY LEVELS
DESIRED EXISTING
COMPONENT OF IMMEDIATE- SHORT-
SERVICE SERVICE MID-TERM LONG-TERM
SERVICE TERM TERM
2013-2014 2013-2018
Coverage of Toilets
Individual Toilets 1 0.54 0.75 1 1 1
(toilets per every household)
Community Toilets 1 in 35 1 in 150 1in 75 1 in 35 1 in 35 1 in 35
(seat per every user)
Public Toilets 1 in 100 1 in 320 1 in 175 1 in 100 1 in 100 1 in 100
(seat per every user)
Condition of Toilets
Individual Toilets 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
(% in working condition)
Community Toilets 100% 50% 75% 100% 100% 100%
Public Toilets in 100% 50% 75% 100% 100% 100%
Toilets in Schools 100% 85% 90% 100% 100% 100%

The strategy adopted to achieve the aforementioned targets in the service delivery shall include the
rehabilitation and upgradation of the existing sanitary facilities for use in the immediate phase while
engaging in the assessment of further requirement in the individual and community category as well as
toilets in municipal schools, commercial and market areas.
Given the fact that the city is largely characterized by population with a low awareness in terms of the
available sewerage management services and also the adverse impacts of the current malpractices
leading to disintegration of health and environment; hence the proposals shall bear in mind the
requirement for generation of awareness in the community alongside the provision for educating theses
masses. This approach shall ensure sustainability of the proposed systems. (Please refer to Chapter 6 for
awareness generation strategy)
Design Premises
The proposals shall be based on the following parameters –
 The Population Densities

 Development Pattern of the City – Present & Future Land-Use
 Opportunities of means of livelihood
 Existing Institutional Capacities
 Existing Financial Capacities
 Existing Situation vis-à-vis the Key Issues at Ward Level
Based on the primary survey and the focus group discussions conducted in the slum areas the following
assumptions have been defined to strategize the improvement of access to toilets –
TABLE 7-8: ASSUMPTIONS FOR PROVISION OF TOILET FACILITIES IN SLUM AREAS

PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS WITHOUT STRATEGY
ACCESS TO TOILETS
30% Develop individual toilets w/support of different schemes
ILCS/RAY/KAY/BSUP
20% Develop shared toilets - 1 toilet amongst 5 households
20% Willing to develop individual toilets if assured water supply /
sewerage management
30% Develop Community Toilet Complexes - 1 seat per every 35 users
Based on the above assumptions, the design inputs for the interventions to improve the access to toilets
in the city of Bareilly are presented in Table 6-7. Zone-wise strategy
TABLE 7-9: DESIGN INPUTS - ACCESS TO TOILETS STRATEGY

NON-SLUM AREAS SLUM AREAS
Population 619736 278432
Households 83726 31850
Households without access to toilets 2736 1230
No. of individual toilets required 414 186
No. of shared toilets required 276 124
No. of CTCs required NA 22

Design Considerations
The various boundary conditions that influence the design of the community toilets and enhance the
acceptability levels amongst the community and also promote sustainability of the developed assets
and the overall sanitation system are presented below -
 Location
o Proximity to settlements – preferably 100-200 m
o Visibility
o Safety aspect
o Near sewage lines
o Co-location – compatible use
 Signage
o Directional and Labelling
 Gender Sensitive Design
o Women and children specific
 Disability Access
 Elderly User Access
 Well-lit / ventilated
 Environmentally Sustainable
o Energy Considerations
 High degree of natural lighting
 Low energy light fittings
 Use of solar power
 Passive ventilation
 Recycled, recyclable, renewable and locally sourced source materials
o Water Considerations
 Grey Water Flushing
 Low-flow/water less urinals
 Recycling of storm water for flushing
Design Phases
TABLE 7-10: DESIGN PHASES - ACCESS TO TOILETS SECTOR
PHASE DESIGN COMPONENTS
 Detailed survey of existing facilities to initiate rehabilitation and augmentation
IMMEDIATE  Repairs and up gradation of the existing toilets;
(2012-2014)  Design & Construction of the new facilities in areas with no sanitation facilities
 Initiation of septage management
SHORT-TERM  100% coverage and infrastructure development
(2012-2017)  Design of System to handle the human excreta
 Finalization of septage management
MID-TERM
(2012-2031)
 Augmentation of the system to meet the demands f eth growing population
 Repairs & Maintenance
LONG-TERM  Augmentation of the system to meet the demands of the growing population
(2012-2042)  Repairs & Maintenance

RECOMMENDATIONS
Solution for the Critical Problem 3 & 4 – ‘Inadequate number and inappropriately
designed, operated and maintained individual and community to ilets in urban poor areas
leading to open defecation and eventual health and environmental risks & The poor
operation and maintenance has been the underlying cause. ’
 It is recommended to release a notice to invite expression of interest for the design, rehabilitation
and upgradation of the existing toilet facilities on a Rehabilitate, Operate and Transfer (ROT)
basis in People Public Private Participation (PPPP3) mode in the immediate phase with a horizon of
year 2014 in the wards listed below. The community toilet facilities in the listed wards are in need
of repairs and have inadequate capacity and design to handle the expected demand in the urban
poor areas in compliance to established design guidelines by Ministry of Housing and Urban
Poverty Alleviation and the design standards through relevant Government Orders. The scope shall
also include the survey of the remaining city and ascertain the exact numbers and location for
rehabilitation and upgradation sanitation facilities
 Launch a pilot project for the usage of mobile toilets as (a) temporary solution for CTCs wherever
in-situ development of slums or relocation of the community is planned under RAY or areas where
land tenure issues are flagged, (b) seasonal need for additional toilet seats is prevalent in area
with floating population and (c) place constraint does not allow any permanent solution. The
project can be trialed in model Wards and will provide (A) a need assessment at the outset (B)
develops an Operator model and a Financial Model for the capital investment as well as O&M
cost, (C) prepares a septage management plan (if direct connection to the sewerage system is not
given) and (D) implements the Ward level pilot project.
Feasibility Study
 The feasibility study shall be conducted to ascertain the model of toilets to be adopted in the city
to address the access to toilets issue – shared/community/mobile. The scope shall include –(1) ward
wise identification of demand for toilet facilities, (2) assessment of the land availability at
household,/community/ward level in the areas which are prone to open defecation(3) assessment
of opportunities for rain water harvesting systems and use of water thus tapped for operational &
maintenance activities, (4) Based on the database of spatial distribution of inadequacy of the
toilet facilities , (5) the willingness to pay by the community and their participation interest levels in
the O&M of the sanitation facilities in order to develop operator and finance models
3Inthe PPPP mode, people shall be treated as customers rather than as beneficiaries and hence shall contribute towards both
the capital and O&M investments as far as possible. People shall also be actively involved in the O&M activities leading to
an enhanced sense of ownership and ultimate sustainability. The capital investment may also be in the form of labor, material
as well.

DPR
interest to prepare DPR. It is recommended to evolve a city-wide strategy through DPR, yet the
city-wide plan shall be broken down into packages to ensure phase-wise development in order to
ease the financial burden. The DPR is detailed as under -
 DPR for the construction works of new toilets which shall include – (1) Design of toilets as
per the design guidelines by Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and the
design standards through relevant Government Orders, (2)Detailing the construction
procedure of shared toilets, and community toilets (b) Design the fecal sludge management
system including clearance & treatment gradually integrating into the future/proposed
off-site sewerage system(s) (c) Develop asset registry for toilet management and the
computerized maintenance management plan coupled with comprehensive M&E system –
this system shall track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central
repository of areas of complaints and general maintenance.
Administrative & Regulatory Measures
 It is recommended to ‘establish a dedicated unit for Toilets Sector’ under the Sanitation Department
to streamline the design, construction, operation & maintenance processes within the sector with
regular O&M training programs for the both the NNB officials and O&M team and the community
and regular helpline.
 Develop and Conduct Awareness Generation Campaigns– Campaigns shall be conducted to

propagate the benefits of better hygienic and sanitation practices and encourage the residents to
adopt toilet facilities through financially sustainable mechanisms and cross-subsidy mechanisms.
Along the lines of the National School Sanitation Initiative (NSSI), the awareness campaigns to
promote behavioral change shall lay emphasis on personal hygiene, proper sanitation, clean toilet
habits, safe drinking water, separate toilets for girl child, disposal of waste water, human excreta
disposal/toilets, waste water recycling, waterless urinals, waste segregation, and compositing,
food hygiene and creation, and conservation of green spaces. Schools shall be adopted as the
prime media for the campaign;
 Regularize Municipal Bye-Laws and Building Codes– Municipal bye-laws and building codes
shall be developed to encourage "Water Reuse Strategy," for utilization of the recycled
water/waste water in the operation and maintenance of the toilet facilities; punitive measures shall
be enforced to discourage the open defecation practices; Building codes enforced to adopt the
prescribed design standards for toilets;
 Develop and Institutionalize MIS System– NNB shall promote the documentation and mapping of
the system. An asset register shall be maintained and the computerized maintenance management

plan shall emphasize on the preventive and corrective maintenance; this system shall track all
maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central repository of areas of complaints and
general maintenance;
Financial Mechanism Interventions
 Institutionalize Sector Specific Budgets– Budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Toilet
Sector Unit under the Sanitation Department shall develop the costs and the tariff structures in
consultation with the Finance & Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell
(working closely with the communities on area up gradation plans) in order to promote efficient
cost recovery mechanisms;
 NNB shall assist in the construction of new shared toilets in densely populated areas at the rate of
one (1) toilet for every five (5) households through micro-financing in areas lacking the basic
services in the immediate and short-term phase with a horizon of year 2017;
7.2.3 Storm Water Management

 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 5 – Kutcha and inadequate drainage system in the city results into
the dumping of solid and liquid waste leading to water logging areas;
 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 6 – Inadequate coverage and standardized operation and
maintenance procedures;
STRATEGY
Based on the comprehensive situation analysis executed for the city within the storm water
management sector and the identified gaps in the level of service delivery, the targets for service
delivery are set across the planning horizon of 30 yrs. Based on the existing sanitation situation,
demographic profile of the city including the population density patterns, the socio-economic
profile, the topography, and the financial aspects of NNB, the targets are set for the immediate,
short-term, mid-term and long-term phases of the city sanitation planning.
TABLE 7-11: TARGETS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY LEVELS IN STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR
DESIRED EXISTING
COMPONENT OF IMMEDIATE- SHORT-
SERVICE SERVICE MID-TERM LONG-TERM
SERVICE TERM TERM
2013-2014 2013-2018
Coverage of Drainage
100% - 50% 70% 90% 100%
Network
Incidences of Water
0 63 30 18 6 0
Logging / Flooding
The strategy adopted to achieve the aforementioned targets in the service delivery shall include a
decentralized approach to storm water management in addition to the centralized storm water
drain network to manage the run-off. This approach entails the introduction of systems that

temporarily store or permanently remove storm water from the location of rainfall on impervious
areas. New and evolving methodologies involving ‘source controls’4, green infrastructure, rain
water harvesting methodologies, low impact development and best management practices are
recommended to be adopted.
The objective of the said approach is to reduce storm water flow into the centralized storm water
drain system while increasing soil infiltration and pollutant removal, providing urban ecological
restoration opportunities, and increasing overall green spaces within watersheds. This shall
facilitate the ground water recharge. There are three major source control techniques – (a)
detention, (b) retention, and (c) bioretention/biofiltration and available technological source
control measures include blue roofs, rainwater harvesting, vegetated controls, permeable
pavements, and green roofs. Each source control technique provides certain benefits that can be
matched to the city’s needs. Potential source control strategies and initiatives are listed as below –
TABLE 7-12: SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIES
BUILDINGS AND LOTS

Performance Standards for New Development
Performance Standards for Existing Buildings
Low- and medium-density residential controls
RIGHT OF WAY
Road reconstruction design standards
Sidewalk design standards
Right of way build out
OPEN SPACE
Green Infrastructure - green streets, rain gardens and swales
TABLE 7-13: SOURCE CONTROL INITIATIVES
STRATEGY DESCRIPTION EFFECT
Blue Roof 2-in / Install roof top detention systems Cost Effective method to detain water
1-in Detention
Green Roof Install a green roof on at least 50 percent of a roof Cost-effective storage or removal of runoff from
new rooftops
Rain Water Methodologies to capture run-off Cost-effective storage or removal of runoff from
Harvesting impervious surfaces
Side walk Bio- Vegetated Controls Reduction in annual run-off from catchment area
filtration
Greening of Implement vegetation and storm water controls Reduction in annual run-off from catchment area
Parking Lots in new parking lots
Porous Parking Commercial and community facility parking lots to Retention of storm water and reduction in run-off
Lots plant street trees and perimeter and interior
landscaping that will detain water or infiltrate to
the soil as feasible.
Porous Porous pavement on publicly-owned parking lots Retention of storm water and reduction in run-off
Concrete
Sidewalk
4 ‘Source Controls’ is the term used to emphasize their location at the place where runoff is generated.

Green Street New zoning amendment requires street tree Cost-effective infiltration of street storm water
planting
Permeable Install and monitor porous pavement on publicly- Retention of storm water and reduction in run-off
Pavements owned lots and new construction of roads
RECOMMENDATIONS
Solution for the Critical Problem 5 & 6 – ‘Inadequate storm water drainage network along
with poor maintenance and non-integration of source control measures with the existing old
storm water drainage network leading to a considerable number of water logging areas and
ultimately unhygienic condition’
 It is recommended that NNB coordinate with the sewerage & solid waste management department
and prioritize the activity of prevention of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste and waste water
discharge into the drains;
 It is recommended that NNB release a notice to invite EoI for the protective works of the storm
water drains.
 It is recommended that NNB implement a pilot project to promote low impact development (LID)
and ‘wet weather green infrastructure5. The pilot project shall address these concerns through a
variety of techniques, including strategic site design, measures to control the sources of runoff, and
thoughtful landscape planning. Considering a greater measure of the storm water management
infrastructure is in need of replacement or repair and the communities are not equipped to
financially support the development, NNB needs to consider resilient and affordable solutions that
meet many objectives at once and green infrastructure is one such solution. (Please refer to
Annexure 10 for case studies and literature on green infrastructure and storm water management)
Feasibility Study
 It is proposed to conduct a study to ascertain the feasibility of integrating the water bodies in the
city into the future storm water drainage network system as rain water harvesting (RWH) structures
to reduce the capacity requirement encumbrance on man-made drains as well as create a
continuous drainage network;.
 It is also proposed to study the feasibility of constructing rain water harvesting structures / source
controls in low-lying areas to address the storm water issue since the areas cannot be integrated
into the surrounding drainage network owing to the undulating levels;
5 Green infrastructure is an approach that communities can choose to maintain healthy waters, provide multiple environmental
benefits and support sustainable communities. Unlike single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure, which uses pipes to
dispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving natural
processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation,
air quality management, and much more. (US EPA et al)

 Conduct hydraulic modeling studies in few selected pilot areas of the city in order to
improve the water retention potential within the city and decrease the run-off load for low
lying areas as well as the downstream areas of river
 Assessment of the following parameters with respect to water bodies and the low-lying
areas – (a) water quality analysis (b) influent characteristics (c) ground infiltration
characteristics and sub-strata soil investigations (d) sedimentation analysis
 It is proposed to study the techno-economic feasibility for developing the water-bodies as

recreational facilities considering the importance of Bareilly as a strategic tourist location
DPR
interest to prepare DPR. The scope shall include– (1) Design and construction works of new storm
water drainage network, (2) design and construction works of source controls in the low-lying
areas(b) Design and construction works of recreational facilities – water bodies (c) Develop asset
registry for storm water management and the computerized maintenance management plan
coupled with comprehensive M&E system – this system shall track all maintenance activities in
addition to facilitating a central repository of areas of complaints and general maintenance
 It is recommended to establish a dedicated unit for Storm Waste Sector under the Sanitation
Department to streamline the design, construction, operation & maintenance processes within the
sector; personnel management system & Sanitation worker’s training program shall be
implemented to conduct occupational safety and health training campaigns to educate the sanitary
workers with respect to the benefits of adopting best operating practices;
 Municipal Bye-Laws shall be enforced to encourage the residents to adopt the practices of source
control initiatives to promote reduce, reuse and recycle principle; Regulatory Mechanisms (polluter
pays) shall be enforced to discourage open dumping of waste;
 Awareness generation campaigns shall be conducted to propagate the benefits of source control
initiatives;
 NNB shall develop and institutionalize the MIS system to document and map the drainage network
system. An asset register shall be maintained and the computerized maintenance management plan
coupled with comprehensive M & E system shall emphasize on the preventive and corrective
maintenance; this system shall track all maintenance activities in addition to facilitating a central
repository of areas of complaints and general maintenance.

 It is recommended to initiate incentives for adopting the source control initiatives;
 Sector specific budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Storm Water Sectoral Unit under
the Sanitation Department shall develop the costs and the tariff structures in consultation with the
Finance & Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell (working closely with the
communities on area up gradation plans) in order to promote efficient cost recovery mechanisms.
Impact benefit tax is also proposed to be levied on properties in areas where services are
provided.
7.2.4 Solid waste management

 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 7 - Municipal solid waste is not been scientifically disposed off, which
may cause environmental and health problems;
 CRITICAL PROBLEM AREA 8 - The household coverage of solid waste management services as well
as the overall collection efficiency is inadequate and deficient;
STRATEGY
Based on the comprehensive situation analysis executed for the city within the solid waste
management sector and the identified gaps in the level of service delivery, the targets for service
delivery are set across the planning horizon of 30 yrs. Based on the existing sanitation situation,
demographic profile of the city including the population density patterns, the socio-economic profile,
the topography, and the financial aspects of NNB, the targets are set for the immediate, short-term,
mid-term and long-term phases of the city sanitation planning.
TABLE 14: TARGETS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY LEVELS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR
DESIRED EXISTING
IMMEDIATE- SHORT-
COMPONENT OF SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE MID-TERM LONG-TERM
TERM TERM
2013-2015 2013-2018
Household level
Coverage of Solid Waste 100% 0% 50% 100% 100% 100%
Management Services
Efficiency of collection
100% 97.6% 100% 100% 100% 100%
of municipal solid waste
Extent of segregation of
100% 0% 20% 50% 100% 100%
municipal solid waste
Extent of municipal solid 80% 80% 80%
80% 0% 50%
waste recovered
Extent of Scientific 50% 80% 100% 100%
disposal of municipal 100% 0%
solid waste
Extent of cost recovery 50% 75% 100% 100%
in solid waste 100% 0%
management services

Efficiency in collection of 40% 90% 100% 100%

solid waste 90% 0%
management charges
Efficiency in redressal of 70% 80% 80% 80%
80% 61.5%
customer complaints
RECOMMENDATIONS
Solution for the Critical Problem7 & 8– ‘Integrated solid waste plant should be started
in all respect at the earliest and NNB should work on cost recovery option which has
been observed very low & the household coverage of solid waste management
services as well as the overall collection efficiency is inadequate and deficient in
urban poor areas leading to the dumping of solid waste in open areas and drains
resulting in health and environmental risks’
 Integrated Solid Waste plant work has to be started at the earliest in all aspects.
 Cost recovery has been observed to be very low, for which the local body has to be more
proactive in collection of charges from the community for more efficient services.
 In order to achieve 100% coverage the private concessionaire who holds the contract for the
city shall enforce measures to implement the services per the contract.
 IEC campaigns shall be initiated to promote segregation at source and also support the
primary collection and secondary collection processes.
 It is recommended to establish a dedicated unit for Solid Waste Management Sector under the
Sanitation Department to streamline the design, construction, operation & maintenance
processes within the sector; personnel management system & Sanitation worker’s training
program shall be implemented to conduct occupational safety and health training campaigns
to educate the sanitary workers with respect to the benefits of adopting best operating
practices;
 Municipal Bye-Laws shall be enforced to encourage the residents to adopt the practices of
source control initiatives to promote reduce, reuse and recycle principle; Regulatory
Mechanisms (polluter pays) shall be enforced to discourage open dumping of waste;
 Awareness generation campaigns shall be conducted to propagate the benefits of source
control initiatives.
 It is recommended to initiate incentives for adopting a regular & timely payment of waste
charges.
 Sector specific budgets shall be established; and the dedicated Solid Waste Management
Sectoral Unit under the Sanitation Department shall develop the costs and the tariff structures
in consultation with the Finance & Accounts Department and the Strategic Communications Cell
(working closely with the communities on area up gradation plans) in order to promote efficient
cost recovery mechanisms. Impact benefit tax is also proposed to be levied on properties in
areas where services are provided.

7.3 Action Plans

7.3.1 Technology Options
The technology and service delivery options shall be designed to ensure the sanitation services are
managed efficiently through the entire cycle of operations. All stages of the complete cycle are
carefully planned to extend services to the entire city population cutting across all sections of the
society and all levels of the settlements. The several options are designed and phased keeping in mind
the existing limitations of technical, financial and social capacities of NNB. The service delivery options
shall enmesh the community participation and NGO involvement to complement the NNB capacities.

7.3.2 Financial Options

The implementation of the City Sanitation Plan necessitates substantial financial resources and the corresponding strategic planning for resource generation. The
financial strategy shall encompass Capital Investment Plan, Operations & Management (O&M) Expenditure Layout and the financial assessment for the critical
support activities like Community Mobilization, Awareness Workshops and Capacity Enhancement to ensure sustainability of the planned sanitation services. The
strategy shall align itself along the paradigm that the resource generation shall broadly target the funds earmarked for water and sanitation development
within NNB and the Uttar Pradesh State Government budgets; however, it shall also access the funds from the 13th Finance Commission and other Center and
State schemes for sanitation improvement.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

A conceptual capital investment plan is presented below which is corresponding to the strategic actions in the various sectors that are defined in the earlier
sections. The unit rates considered for the calculation purposes are provided as Annexure; This section outlines the annual capital expenditure (capex) required,
**An annual inflation factor of 5% is applied for all capital expenditure (from 2012-13 onwards)
TABLE 7-13: CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

SHORT-TERM MID-TERM LONG-TERM
ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN ACTION PLAN
(2012-2017) (2018-2030) (2031-2041)
Population 1109798 1302173 1673509
Incremental Population 192375 371336
Households 170738 200334 257463
Incremental Households 29148 56263
NEW SERVICES
1 Household Toilets
Address the additional Address the additional
requirement for the requirement for the
Strategy Address the deficiency incremental population incremental population
Individual Toilets 600 8744 16879
Shared Toilets 400 5830 11253
Capital Investment Estimate 10000000 145738636 281315152
2 Community Toilets
Strategy Address the deficiency Address the requirement for Address the requirement for

the incremental population the incremental population

Community Toilets 22 25 48
3 Public Toilets
Public Toilets 45 5 5
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT-TOILETS 36,657,000 157,502,659 302,532,158
4 Centralized Sewerage System
a Household Connections 108372 29148 56263
5 Septage Management System
a Vaccum Trucks 57
Capital Investment Estimate 4560000
b Septage Sludge Drying Beds
Capital Investment Estimate
c Office and Ancillary Units Lumpsum Lumpsum Lumpsum
Capital Investment Estimate
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT-WASTE WATER 4560000
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 41,217,000 157,502,659 302,532,158
[Note: In this current capital investment plan the investments for short term plan is starting from the fy 2012-13, which means the grant of the fy2012-13 will be forfeited to the
release of the grant, this grant is to be invested on the short term plan of the current year including the previous financial year plan.]

TABLE 7-14: OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PLAN

SHORT-TERM ACTION PLAN MID-TERM ACTION PLAN LONG-TERM ACTION PLAN
(2012-2017) (2018-2030) (2031-2041)
Population 1109798 1302173 1673509
Incremental population 192375 371336
Households 170738 200334 257463
Incremental households 29148 56263
1 Community Toilets
Total Capital Investment Estimate 8702000 9968523 19241956
Total O&M Expenditure Estimate 1962857 4211396 8551687
2 Public Toilets
GRAND TOTAL O&M EXPENDITURE ESTIMATE - TOILETS 6012857 8666396 13452187
3 Centralized Sewerage System
GRAND TOTAL O&M EXPENDITURE ESTIMATE – WASTE WATER 26009280 33004735 46507862
[Note: In this current capital investment plan the investments for short term plan is starting from the financial year 2012-13, which means the grant of the financial year 2012-13
will be forfeited to the release of the grant, this grant is to be invested on the short term plan of the current year including the previous financial year plan.]
As can be assessed from the above table, O&M expenditure for Centralized Sewer System and MSW Management System would be a significant burden on
NNB’s finances. It is evident that NNB would be demanded to introduce tariff structure and charge user fees for the various sanitation services that it would
provide, as outlined in the CSP.
COST RECOVERY OPTIONS

It is recommended to explore the possibility of levying user charges for the services, globally; user charges for sewerage disposal services are normally based
on water charges (Please refer to Annexure 14 for Water Tariff across India), i.e., a set percentage of the water charge that has typically varied between 50-
80% of user water charges. It is proposed that NNB shall levy a 50% sewage disposal surcharge to the user water charges. As regards MSW services, it is
recommended that NNB levy a monthly user fee as indicated in the table below, this fee could vary for users belonging to various economic slab and would
also depend on the land-use category. However, it is recommended that user charges for the urban poor shall be levied with effect from 2013-14, i.e., after

Bareilly’s citizens have witnessed a significant improvement in waste water disposal services. With the above indicated user charges, NNB would generate
substantial revenue per annum, which shall enable NNB to undertake capital expenditure programs. The suggestions for the Cost-Recovery Mechanisms are
presented in the table below –
TABLE 7-15: TARRIF STRUCTURE OPTIONS

CATEGORY MONTHLY FEE ANNUAL FEE ANNUAL TARIFF REVENUE
SOLID WASTE SEWERAGE STORM WATER SOLID WASTE SEWERAGE STORM WATER SOLID WASTE SEWERAGE STORM WATER
TOTAL NUMBER IN
PERCENTAGE OF
CATEGORY
QUANTITY
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
PHASE*
PHASE*
PHASE*
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
ID
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
100 277451
1 Households
% 2
110980
Urban Poor 40% 0 10 0 30 0 15 0 120 0 360 0 180 0 1332 0 3995 0 1998
5
Low Income 20% 554902 10 20 30 40 20 25 120 240 360 480 240 300 666 1332 1998 2664 1332 1665
Middle Income 30% 832354 30 30 100 100 80 80 360 360 1200 1200 960 960 2996 2996 9988 9988 7991 7991
High Income 10% 277451 50 50 100 100 80 80 600 600 1200 1200 960 960 1665 1665 3329 3329 2664 2664
Sub-Total - Cost Recovery Estimate - Households 5327 7325 15315 19976 11986 14316
Commercial
100
2 Establishment 15484
%
s
Small Scale 30% 4645 50 200 160 600 2400 1920 28 28 111 111 89 89
Medium Scale 40% 6194 100 450 360 1200 5400 4320 74 74 334 334 268 268
Large Scale 30% 4645 500 2000 1600 6000 24000 19200 279 279 1115 1115 892 892
Sub-Total - Cost Recovery Estimate - Commercial Establishments 381 381 1561 1561 1249 1249
Hotels & 100
3 517
Restaurants %
Small Scale 30% 155 200 600 480 2400 7200 5760 4 4 11 11 9 9
Medum Scale 40% 207 1000 2500 2000 12000 30000 24000 25 25 62 62 50 50
Large Scale 30% 155 5000 6000 4800 60000 72000 57600 93 93 112 112 89 89
Sub-Total - Cost Recovery Estimate - Hotels & Restaurants 122 122 185 185 148 148
100
4 Marriage Halls 229
%

CATEGORY MONTHLY FEE ANNUAL FEE ANNUAL TARIFF REVENUE

SOLID WASTE SEWERAGE STORM WATER SOLID WASTE SEWERAGE STORM WATER SOLID WASTE SEWERAGE STORM WATER
TOTAL NUMBER IN
PERCENTAGE OF
CATEGORY
QUANTITY
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
SUBSEQUENT
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE
PHASE*
PHASE*
PHASE*
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
PHASES
ID
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
Small 40% 92 3000 3000 2400 36000 36000 28800 33 33 33 33 26 26
Large 60% 137 6000 4500 3600 72000 54000 43200 99 99 74 74 59 59
Sub-Total - Cost Recovery Estimate: Marriage Halls 132 132 107 107 86 86
100
5 Market Areas 84
%
Small 30% 25 5000 3000 2400 60000 36000 28800 15 15 9 9 7 7
Large 70% 59 10000 4500 3600 120000 54000 43200 71 71 32 32 25 25
Sub-Total - Cost Recovery Estimate: Market Areas 86 86 41 41 33 33
GRAND TOTAL - COST RECOVERY ESTIMATE –BAREILLY CITY 6047 8045 17209 21870 13501 15831

It is further proposed that NNB shall investigate the possibility of a judicious alignment of impact
benefit fee closely with expected property owner benefits. The total revenues thus generated shall aim
to cover annual O&M expenditure, and also partly/substantially fund capital replacement in the long-
term. The recommendations are presented thus –
TABLE 7-16: PROPERTY BASED TAX OPTIONS

PROPERTY BASED TAX
TAX ID VALUE
1 Solid Waste Benefit Tax 3% of Annual Ratable Value (ARV) of the Property
2 Drainage Benefit Tax 3% of Annual Ratable Value (ARV) of the Property
FINANCING SOURCES
It is established that Government of India (GoI) and Government of Uttar Pradesh (GoUP) are both
open to financially supporting the implementation of City Sanitation Plans. The table below presents
the several scenarios of financing sources and the options that may be explored with each of the
source –
TABLE 7-15: FINANCING SOURCE AND RELATED OPTIONS

FINANCING SOURCE OPTIONS
13TH FINANCE COMMISSION Pooling of the 13th Finance Commission Grants for Sanitation Services
Improvement Projects;
STATE FINANCE COMMISSION The grants from State Finance Commission support the operational revenue
expenses of the corporation while funding the provision of basic services to
Urban Population including urban poor;
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN The Urban Infrastructure and Governance component of JNNURM has fund
RENEWAL MISSION (JNNURM), GOI allocations for developing sanitation services.
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE The funding supports infrastructure development for water supply, sanitation
DEVELOPMENT OF SCHEME FOR SMALL and solid waste management.
AND MEDIUM TOWN (UIDSSMT)
MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN The construction of individual and shared toilets finds funding through the
POVERTY ALLEVIATION (MOHUPA) schemes of MoHUPA
INTEGRATED LOW COST SANITATION Funding for the development of basic sanitation services - Central Contribution
(ILCS), MOHUPA - 75% of Capital Expenditure; State Contribution - 15% of Capital Expenditure;
Beneficiary - 10% of Capital Expenditure; Currently ILCS supports the
construction of individual toilets for economically weaker sections of society.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA (RAY), MOHUPA RAY assures Central Grants for slum redevelopment and achieves basic
sanitary services in an inclusive approach; the possibility of the financial
support under the IHSDP/RAY schemes of GoI for waste water disposal and
MSW within Bareilly’s urban poor settlements may well be examined.
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA), MoHRD is developing a manual on school sanitation under the SSA
MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE component. The SSA component has considerable funding for school
DEVELOPMENT (MOHRD), GOI sanitation.
INTERNATIONAL DONORS/FUNDING Funding from World Bank, ADB, WWF and the likes shall be aimed at and
AGENCIES considerable efforts made to bring in the funding to develop sanitation projects
in an inclusive approach.
URBAN LOCAL BODIES (ULB) EQUITY ULB shall earmark an explicit budget for the sanitation services improvement; It
shall establish tariff structure for the sanitation services provided and levy

FINANCING SOURCE OPTIONS

sanitation cess as part of the property tax; the user charges and the sanitation
cess revenues hall be directed to the sanitation department for utilization for
funding sanitation improving projects in the long-term besides tackling the O&M
costs.
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) PPP shows greater promise in bringing in major capital investment and
finances required to develop basic sanitation services for the urban population
including the urban poor. The following PPP options shall be considered to
employ their services appropriately - (a) service contracts; (b) performance-
based service contract; (c) a management contract for operations and
maintenance (O&M); (d) BOOT/BOT/ROT Contracts; (e)Joint Ventures
between State Government/ULB and the private company. In the event of
weak financial situation and greater financial burden on the Municipal
Finances, PPP model shall be explored to support the equity contribution of
ULB in the total capital expenditure.
BENEFICIARY CONTRIBUTION - PUBLIC PPPP shall be promoted as a sustainability model in order to garner support of
PRIVATE PEOPLE PARTNERSHIP (PPPP) the beneficiaries in both the capital investments and the O&M investments.
This shall aim at increasing the sense of ownership and hence ensure
sustainability of the services; In the event of weak financial situation and
greater financial burden on the Municipal Finances, PPPP model shall be
explored to support the equity contribution of ULB in the total capital
expenditure. This move shall be supported by reforms in the Governance
structure that involves greater community participation and hence promote
greater accountability and transparency.
NGO NGO involvement shall be encouraged in the sanitation services sectors
especially the access to toilets; Appropriate contract models shall be
developed to attract their contributions in both the development and O&M
activities.
7.3.3 Institutional & Governance Options

The improvement in the urban infrastructure and hence the quality of urban life is explicitly associated
with sound and reliable management and governance practices. The good management is facilitated
by a committed and balanced institutional framework while the better governance practices stem from
a persuasive policy framework.
It is the goal of the CSP to recommend the promotion of institution structures that provide the platform
for management efficiency and the development of the good governance framework that shall effect
sustainable and inclusive infrastructure development.
The institutional and governance action plan that shall dictate the accountability of the institution in
service delivery vide clear roles and responsibilities. The governance framework shall infuse more
accountability, transparency and participatory planning.

The following diagram illustrates the broad instrumental outcomes of the detailed action plan that
follows –
Figure 7-1: Broad Instrumental Outcomes - Institutional & Governance Action Plan
TABLE 7-16: INSTITUTIONAL AND GOVERNANCE ACTION PLAN

PHASE COMPONENTS
Short-Term  Initiate the restructuring of the institutional framework as per the recommendation in the CSP with
2012-2017 the help of institutional development expert and streamline the operations
 ‘Ring Fence’ the sectors (Water Supply & Sewerage, Solid Waste and Toilets) with supporting
technical services and O&M units
 Establish Sectoral Budgets
 Create Business Plans for each sector
 Develop Costing systems (costs & tariff structures) in collaboration with the Finance &
Accounts Department, Startegic Communication Cell working with communities
 Develop Asset Management system
 Establish a dedicated ‘Policy Reforms’ unit to continually implement policy reforms that will support
accountable governance and regulatory oversight of the local bodies, service providers and the
citizens as well to achieve sustainability of the ever dynamic infrastructure development
 Achieve the objectives of Model Municipal Law through incentivized transition plan resulting
in devolution of fiscal powers and authority

PHASE COMPONENTS
 Achieve the E-Governance using GIS/MIS
 Sector Regulations – Quality & Fiscal Standards
 Enforcement Mechanisms - of rules, by-laws, municipal codes & building codes
 Revamp the business processes and the financial management order of the ‘Finance & Accounts
Department’ by putting in place new accounting standards as per the directive of C&AG –
‘Accounting and Budget Formats for Local Bodies’
 Implement Double Entry Accounting System (DEAAS)
 Revamp Audit & Account Procedures for each sector
 Adopt Budgeting and Accounting Formats for each sector
 Set up quality management information systems (MIS)
 Set up & develop contract management team
 Develop financial operating Plans (FOP) for each sector
 Develop the design manuals, best management practices (BMP) manual, system operating
procedures, O&M Manuals, Condition Assessment Programs (CAPs’), sustainability rating
tools for each sector in collaboration with the technical and O&M experts;
 Initiate the empanelment process for technical experts, third party technical review agencies
to assist with the preparation of design manuals/BMP manual/O&M Manuals/SOP/CAP and
periodic reviews of the efficiency of the systems
 Develop the strategic communication cell that shall ensure community participation and implement
participatory planning –
 Confederate community representatives and link to city Ward committees;
 Form neighborhood groups;
 Organize focused group discussions regularly and steer meetings to plan area upgrading
solutions;
 Promote community oversight committees and community contracting arrangements to
involve the community in implementation activities – means of livelihood, sense of ownership
and sustainability of systems in the corresponding areas;
 Pave way for community O&M systems;
 Promote system to utilize community to collect user charges;
 Establish Monitoring Cell and develop the M&E mechanisms and the coordination framework with
parastatal and State agencies
 Establish the training cell and implement capacity enhancement strategy
 Establish Capacity, Management, Operation & maintenance Program (CMOM)
 Initiate the staffing plan for the various sectoral units through re-organization of existing staff, new-
hires and transfers from state agencies –
 Fill the top hierarchical level of both the technical services and O&M unit
 Initiate the staffing upto 50% at the mid-hierarchical level and supplement with the private
consultants
 Initiate the staffing upto 70% at the low-hierarchical level and supplement with the staff of the
private service provider/concessionaire
 Complete the staffing plan for the Finance & Accounts departments –
 Financial Analyst
 Accounts Specialist
 Tax Expert
 Public Finance & Legal Advisor – Financing arrangements/Concession Agreements
 Infrastructure Insurance Experts
 Micro-credit Product Development Specialists
 Complete the staffing plan for the Strategic Communication Cell –
 Social Development Experts
 Community Organizers
 Finalize the staffing plan for the Policy Reform unit –
 Planners
 Policy Advisors
 Legal Advisors / Retired Judges / Policy Analysts

PHASE COMPONENTS
 Finalize the staffing Plan for monitoring cell which will work with external sector specific experts and
third party agencies
 Establish the sanitation cells at the city level as part of the state sanitation strategy
Mid-Term  Finalization of the staffing plan across all sectors and departments
2018 - 2030  Review the procedures and implement amendments
 Review the Policy Reforms and implement amendments
 Reprocess the empanelment
 Review and update the various manuals and operating procedures
 Review and reengineer the M&E mechanisms
Long-Term  Finalization of Review and update mechanisms
2031 - 2041  Finalization of successful Institutional Structure and business operations & processes
 Achievement of Municipal Model Law objectives in totality
 Successful implementation of City Financial Viability Mechanism
 Establishment of Participatory Planning Process
 Establishment of accountable governance framework
7.3.4 Capacity Enhancement & Awareness Generation Options

The assessment of NNB institutional set up has identified a major shortfall both in terms of resources
and staff skills. The deficiency necessitates a thorough planning to develop forceful mechanisms that
will enhance the capacities of NNB.
Participation from stakeholders throughout the city ensures good governance by augmenting the limited
capacity of NNB by community based resources; awareness generation campaigns shall impart the
education and the knowledge sharing vital for local capacity building.
The action plan details the approaches and technologies adopted and the new roles and
responsibilities defined to improve the service delivery system.
TABLE 7-19: CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT ACTION PLAN

PHASE CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT
Short-term  Establish HR Working Group and a State Level Steering Committee on Human Resource
2012-2017 Development (HRD)
 Initiate the formation of HR Department, and design of HR Policies, Performance linked
Incentive Programs; Induction Program;
 Finalize the Formulation of HR Policy for the ULB and Finalize the Induction Training
Curriculum;
 Develop Staffing Plan & Strategy and initiate recruitment in accordance;
 Initiate the development of HR Information System
 Initiate the assessment of the training needs regularly and to develop training calendar and
program to impart trainings to staff across all categories;
 Budget allocation for training and environmental activities;
 Initiate the creation of a training database capturing a record of the name, position and function
of the employee as well as the content, duration and date of the training programme participated
in including participant feedback about the relevance and efficiency of the course to the roles
and responsibilities;
 To implement an internal and external communication protocol and train the ULB staff in
accordance to the plan;
 Initiate the development of Knowledge Exchange Mechanism among cities using the web based
knowledge platform

PHASE CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT

 Environmental Awareness Workshop for the ULB staff and elected representatives resulting in
identification and prioritisation of all environmental aspects;
 Prepare a City level Urban Management Plan;
 Training Programme and training on Urban Management for the ULB
 Establishment of a State level Urban Management Institute
 Monitoring of cities with the ICD
Mid-Term  Lateral recruitment of key positions
 Update and upgrade Training Calendar and Training Programs
2018 - 2030  Update the HR Policies and Incentive programs
 Conduct Environmental Workshops
 Update the City level Urban Management Plan
 Update and upgrade Monitoring & Evaluation Systems
Long-Term  Lateral recruitment of key positions
 Update and upgrade Training Calendar and Training Programs
2031 - 2041  Update the HR Policies and Incentive programs
 Conduct Environmental Workshops
 Update the City level Urban Management Plan
 Update and upgrade Monitoring & Evaluation Systems
7.3.5 Inclusive Approach

Traditionally, the net of service providers has excluded the urban poor, weaker sections, migrants, and
the like. The CSP shall advocate an approach that shall ensure infrastructure planning shall serve all
irrespective of the diverse situation of income, education and use. Participatory Planning processes
shall be emphasized upon as critical elements of the sanitation infrastructure planning. This shall
provide a strong impetus to sustain projects. The approach shall ensure regular and meaningful
community participation to foster community ownership and consensus
The action plan shall detail the propositioned approaches and corresponding mechanisms to achieve
inclusiveness in infrastructure planning at the city-level –
TABLE 7-17: INCLUSIVE APPROACH ACTION PLAN

PHASE COMPONENTS
SHORT-TERM  Community Mobilization Strategy shall be defined by the Strategic Communication Cell, NNB;
2012-2017  Implement the Community Mobilization Mechanism to enable the inclusion of the needs &
demands of the community in the CSP –
 Transect Walks, Social Mapping and Ward & Slum Profiling;
 Social and Gender Audits;
 Confederating Community Groups & Linking to Ward Committees
 Development of a SHG for each ward
 Form Neighborhood Groups
 Initiate GIS based information management systems to create central repository of community
ideas, needs and prioritization of projects information
 Institute Community Oversight Committees & Community Contracting Cell to involve
communities in construction & O&M activities;
 Design & Implement Participatory Planning Process in line with the Participatory Law, JNNURM
Reforms, MoUD;
 Initiate the institutionalization of the periodic meetings between Local Government and
the community as part of participatory planning and review;
 Identify NGO’s with community mobilization skills, planning & implementation experience

PHASE COMPONENTS
and establish contracting mechanism to institutionalize their participation;
 Establish guidelines to translate the community participation into budget allocations and
formalize the participatory budgeting;
 Allocate budgets to implement pilot scale projects with Community based organizations;
 Allocate budgets to establish and institutionalize CBOs’
 Initiate the development of microfinance model to enable the urban poor to extend services
within their areas;
 Awareness Campaign to encourage households to invest in connections and in-situ work of
basic services;
 SHG to help with group loans and savings accounts of individuals that serve as collaterals;
 NGO’s and the Strategic Communication cell to help State owned Banks to establish
community mobilization cells to help design interventions and ensure high repayment rates;
 Initiate the development of a revolving fund for poor through State Urban Infrastructure Fund
to help with the micro-financing options;
 Establish Guidelines and Initiate the Microenterprise Models in the service delivery
 Provide Basic Services as microenterprises
 O&M shall be the SHG/CBO’s responsibility - Livelihood Mechanism
 Cross-subsidy mechanisms to finalize the connection fees and tariff structures/user charges;
 Establish capacity building initiatives to train the communities in the construction and O&M of
the facilities
 Citizen Report Cards and feedback mechanism to be institutionalized and formalized;
Short-Term  Finalize the Microfinance Model;
 Finalize the Microenterprise Model;
2014 - 2021  Institutionalize the mechanisms of participatory planning and budgets;
 Establish the City Community Vocational Training Unit(s) engaging the skilled professionals
from within community;
 Finalize GIS based information management systems to create central repository of community
ideas, needs and prioritization of projects information
 Establish the Revolving Fund Mechanism
Mid-Term  Update and upgrade the mechanisms;
 Improve the participatory planning process & participatory budget mechanisms based on
2022 - 2031 monitoring and evaluation;
 Review and reengineer the City Vocational Training Units and Curriculum;
Long-Term  Update and upgrade the mechanisms;
 Improve the participatory planning process & participatory budget mechanisms based on
2032 - 2041 monitoring and evaluation;
 Review and reengineer the City Vocational Training Units and Curriculum; Achievement of
Municipal Model Law objectives in totality
 Successful implementation of City Financial Viability Mechanism
 Establishment of Participatory Planning Process
 Establishment of accountable governance framework

City Sanitation Plan

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CITY SANITATION PLAN FOR BAREILLY

CITY SANITATION PLAN

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 1

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 2

Table 1-1: Color Codes: Categories of Cities ............................................................................................14

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 3

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 4

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 5

FROM DIRECTOR’S DESK

“Water is Life and Sanitation is Dignity.”

Prof. Srinivas Chary Vedala

Dean & Director

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 6

Thanks can never be expressed in plain words.

Prof. Srinivas Chary Vedala

Dean & Director

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 7

Prof. Srinivasa Chary Vedala

Col Jagdish Jamwal

Mr. Rajratna Sardar

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 8

BDA Bareilly Development Authority

lpcd liters per capita per day

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 9

The report has two major sections –

The Situational Analysis

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 10

The Sanitation Strategies

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 11

1.1 NUSP: The Background

1.1.1 Concept of Totally Sanitized Cities

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 12

1.1.2 Rating and Categorization of Cities

Three Categories of Indicators

The rating exercise will involve three categories of indicators:

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 13

Cities on the brink of public health and environmental

2 Black 34-66 228 Needing considerable improvements

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 14

TABLE 1-2: METHODOLOGY AND NUSP RATING OF THE CITY OF BAREILLY

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD

INDICATORS POINTS POINTS SCORED BY BAREILLY

IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS AREAS

Output Related Category

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 16

1.1.3 National Award Scheme for Sanitation for Indian Cities

1.2 Sanitation Related Policies and Laws

TABLE 1-3: SCHEDULE DETAILS OF MSW RULES, 2000

Schedule-I Relates to implementation Schedule

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 17

1.2.2 Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS)

TABLE 1-4: ILCS SCHEME DETAILS

EARLIER PROVISION REVISED PROVISION

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 18

EARLIER PROVISION REVISED PROVISION

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COLLEGE OF INDIA, HYDERABAD Page 19

1.2.3 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

1.2.4 Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)