A REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME (SIWES) TRAINING PROGRAMME

AT
GIVANAS INDUSTRIAL NIGERIA LIMITED

BY
ESSIEN, VICTOR ANIETIE
16/EG/CE/756

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA.

JANUARY 2020
 DEDICATION

This work is especially dedicated to the lord almighty for his continuous
contribution from the start of this program till the very last day.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My special appreciation goes to God, also to my beloved Parent Pastor
& Deaconess A. O. Essien, my HOD and the entire Department Of
Engineerieng, to my colleague and the company management for their
support and understanding during this period of my work experience
scheme.
 ABSTRACT
This report comprises the worthwhile experience gained at givanas
industrial Nigeria limited during the six month students industrial work
experience scheme (SIWES) training. The first chapter informs us about
the history of SIWES, it objectives and essence of the training. The
second chapter dwells on the firms location, history, it organogram,
organizational structure and the major function of each department.
The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contains the bulk of the wealth of
knowledge and experience gained during this six month industrial
training, which includes; safety and precautions in the laboratory, soap
machinery, production of solid soaps and production of dish maid liquid
soaps, then Conclusion and Recommendation.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page I
Dedication II
Acknowledgement III
Abstract IV
Table of Content V
List of Figures VI

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction and History of Siwes
1.2 The objectives of Siwes
CHAPTER TW0: OVERVIEW OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
2.1 Location and brief history of the establishment
2.1.1 Location of the establishment
2.1.2 Brief history of the establishment
2.2 Objectives of the establishment
2.2.1 Mission and vision of the establishment
2.2.2 Major accomplishment achieved on the establishment
2.3 Organizational structure
2.4 Various departments in the establishment and their basic
functions
2.4.1 Quality control department
2.4.2 Production department
2.4.3 Health safety and environmental officers

CHAPTER THREE; ACITIVITIES CARRRIED OUT DURING THE PROGRAM

AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE LABORATORY
3.1 Activities carried out during the program
3.1.1 Trial and Evaluation
3.1.2 Analysis of packaging material
3.1.3 Analysis of Raw material
3.1.4 Production and quality check
3.2 Safety working practices in the laboratory
 3.3 General laboratory equipment, uses and instrumentations
3.4 Preparation of different types of laboratory reagents

CHAPTER FOUR; SOAP MACHINERY

4.1 Introduction to soap machineries
4.2 Description of soap machinery components
4.2.1 Soap mixer machine
4.2.2 Soap roller machine (roll mill)
4.2.3 Soap vacuum duplex plodder machine
4.2.4 Soap cutting machine
4.2.5 Soap stamping machine
4.2.6 Soap packaging process
4.2.7 Soap shrinking machine

CHAPTER FIVE; PRODUCTION OF SOLID SOAPS

5.1 Introduction to solid soap

5.2 Raw materials in solid soap production

5.3 Solid soap packaging

5.4 Kinds of solid soap production and there net weight

5.5 Defects in solid soaps

CHAPTER SIX; PRODUCTION OF DISH MAID (LEMON) LIQUID SOAPS

6.1 Introduction to dish maid (lemon) liquid soaps

6.2 Raw materials and functions in Dish maid (lemon) liquid
soap production

6.3 Main mixing of dish maid liquid soaps

6.4 Dish maid (lemon) liquid soap packaging

7.0 Relevance of the program

8.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF SIWES

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is
the accepted skills training program which forms part of the
approved minimum academic standard (MAS) in the various
degree programs for all the Nigerian universities.
It’s an effort to bridge the gap existing between theory and
practice of engineering and technology, sciences,
agriculture, medical, management and other professional
educational programs in Nigeria tertiary institutions.
It is targeted at exposing students to machines and
equipment, professional work methods and ways of safe
guarding the work areas and workers in industry and other
organizations. The minimum duration of the SIWES should
normally be 24 weeks.
The scheme is a tripartite program involving the student the
university and the industry (employers of labor).
It is funded by the federal government of Nigeria and jointly
by the industry training fund (ITF) and regulatory bodies
(NUC, NBTE and NCCE).

HISTORY OF SIWES;
Student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) was introduced by
the federal government of Nigeria to bridge the gap between theory
and practice among products of our tertiary institutions.

The scheme was first initiated by the industrial training fund

(ITF) during the formative years, 1973/1974.
As a result of increasing number of enrolling students in
higher institutions of learning, the administration of this
function of finding the scheme in 1978 and the scheme was
taken over by the federal government in 1979 and handed
to both the national university commission (NUC) and the
National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) in 1979, the
colleges of education were not part of the scheme and later
in 1984, the federal government reverted back to the
industrial training fund which was the scheme officially in
1985 with the funding powered by the federal government.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

Specially, the objectives of the students industrial wprk
experience scheme (SIWES) are to;
(a)Provide an avenue for students in institution of higher
learning to acquire skills and experience their course of
study.
(b) Prepare student for industrial work situation they are
to meet after graduation
(c)Expose students to work methods and techniques on
handling equipment and machinery that may not be
available in their institution
(d) Make the transition from school to the world of work
easier and enhance student contacts for later job
placement
 (e)Provide students with an opportunity to apply their
knowledge in real work situation thereby bridging the gap
between theory and practice
(f) Enlist and strengthen employers involvements in the
entire educational process and prepare students for
employment in industry and commerce
(g)Provide placements in industries for students of higher
institutions of learning approved by relevant regulating
authority(NUC,NBTE,NCCE) to acquire work experience
and skills relevant to their course of study
(h) Promote the desired technological knowledge required
for the advancement of the nation.

CHAPTER TWO
OVERVIEW OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

2.1 LOCATION AND BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

LOCATION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

I carried out the students industrial work experience scheme(SIWES) in

a soap production company named GIVANAS INDUSTRIAL NIGERIA
LIMITED. It is located at plot C49, Amuwo commercial scheme Amuwo-
odofin Lagos Nigeria.

2.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

Givanas Industrial Nigeria Limited (GINL) founded in1993 with the

purpose of meeting the daily needs of the Nigeria market been a
leading industry in the FMCG.

It was formerly situated at NO 18/20 burma roadapapa, lagosbefore

moving to it present location, an industrial area at plot C49,
Amuwoodofin commercial scheme.

The company which is owned by a Lebanese and became a cooperate

entity with the cooperate affairs commission in 2007.

Currently, givanas industrial Nigeria limited prides itself in the

production of varieties of high quality soaps ranging from laundry ,
beauty to medicated soaps.

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

2.2.1 MISSSION AND VISION OF GINL

To promote establishment of new industrial projects through

laboratory and pilot investigations to the actual production of quality
personal care an home care(soap productions) utilizing raw materials
and indigenous man power.

To play a strategic role, through the indigenous research and

development for purpose of promoting the markets towards good
quality products and self-reliance.
2.2.2 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT ACHIEVED IN GINL

The degrees of success achieve in GINL is awakening the local and

international capabilities in soap manufacturing as indicated by the vast
members of the self-employed worked in surviving on the production
and operation of equipment pioneered by the institution.

GINL has viable research products, soap production and materials,

science laboratory equipment.

2.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

2.3 VARIOUS DEPARTMENT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND
THERE BASIC FUNCTION
Givanas industrial Nigeria limited has the following
departments;
 Quality Control Department
  Production Department
 Health Safety and Environmental Department
 Sales and Marketing Department
 Human Resource Department

2.4.1 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTEMNT

This department is concerned to ensure products meet quality

and efficiency standards set by the company before production
commences.

Their basic function includes;

 Measure raw materials (pot bottles for liquid soap packaging) with
rulers, calipers, gauges or micro meters.
 Inspect, test or measure materials or products being ready for
production or after production.
 Recommend adjustments to the production process
 Monitor operations to ensure that they meet production
standards.
 Reading specifications
 Removing products and materials that fail to meet specifications

2.4.2 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

This department is concerned mainly to produce products after the

inspection done by the quality control departments.

Their basic functions include;

 Production of good and quality products that meet the industry

standard.
  Ensuring that they must meet the available target of production
setup by the industry.

2.4.3 HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT

This department is concerned to monitor health and safety,

assess risk, and design strategies to reduce potential hazards within an
assigned work place in the industry.

Their basic functions include;

 Monitoring the health and safety of both staffs and casual

workers.
 Giving out of hairnet and face mask for safety reasons.
 Creating health report within the industries.
 Designing training programs
 Development and gives health presentations.

CHAPTER THREE

ACITIVITIES CARRRIED OUT DURING THE PROGRAM AND SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS IN THE LABORATORY.

3.1 ACITIVITIES CARRRIED OUT DURING THE PROGRAM

During the course of the program, various activities were
carried out and they served as a very vital key to learning
and understanding more about soap production, the raw
 materials used in soap production and it effect to the end
users and community as a whole. These activities include;
o Trial and Evaluation
o Analysis of packaging material
o Analysis of raw material
o Soap production and quality check

3.1.1Trial and Evaluation

This program is carried out by the Research and

Development department. During Trail, the research and
development manager goes into the market or community
in search for new ideas to improve the quality of the product
(soap) being produced, what the people actually need in the
market, what the people prefer and how all these can be
attained with increase to the company’s profit. The Trial
mostly focuses on some particular target, such as;

o Trial Improvement in new fragrance of the product.

o Trial Improvement in new and essential raw
materials (How new raw materials with little cost
can be beneficial to the production level)
o Trial Improvement in color variation of soap
o Trial production of newly researched soap
Evaluation is carried out immediately after trail. In this
case, the person in charge packages the soap and it’s
taken to the market or end users, seeking for their
feedback and using the feedbacks gotten to improve the
product.

3.1.2 Analysis of Packaging Material

This activity involves the analysis of the materials used in

packaging the product. The quality analyst in this case
 through the use of appropriate specifications checks the
quality of the packaging materials used in storing the
products. The packaging materials may include;

o Analysis on specification of inner cartons.

o Analysis on specification of outer cartons.
o Analysis on specification of sleeves.
o Analysis on specification of partitions etc.

The analysis of these packaging materials must be done

with total attention and observation as it helps determine
better quality product and improved packaging standard
which is presentable to the end users.

3.1.3 ANALYSIS OF RAW MATERIALS

This process is also carried out by the Quality Control Supervisor.

Here, the QC Supervisor carries out check on the nature of the raw
materials used in the production of the product (Soap), if the raw
materials meet the standard specification and should be accepted or if
the material doesn’t meet up with the standard specification and
should be rejected. These materials are to be carefully analyzed so as
not to have variations in the soap appearance, texture, weight etc.

Various points of analyses are carried out on the raw materials just to
be sure if the standard levels are met. These various analyses include;

o Moisture level analyses

o PH
o Secific Gravity
o Test on free fatty acid (FFA)
 o Chloride test
o Test on Free Caustic Alkali (FCA)
o Test on Total Fatty Matter (TFA)
o COLOUR and ODOUR etc.

3.1.4 SOAP PRODUCTION AND QUALITY CHECK

This process is carried out by the quality control officer. Here, the
quality control officer goes to the factory where these soaps are being
produced, putting in hundred percent attentions to the production
process in ensuring that the quality at which is best for the product and
the end users are met. The quality controller helps to detect the defects
affecting the soaps, provide the defects and other report to quality
meetings where these defects are treated and solved. The quality
control officer has the power to stop the wrong process or anything not
appropriate in the production process.

SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS IN THE LABORATORY

3.2 SAFETY WORKING PRACTICES IN THE LABORATORY

The following are some of the important safety tips which apply while
working in the laboratory;

 Lab coats should always be worn while in the laboratory.

  Gloves should be worn when handling corrosive and toxic
chemicals such as Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrochloric Acid Pellets
etc.
 Poisonous and toxic liquids such as phenol, Ethanol, concentrated
acids etc. must never be mouth pipette and burette.
 Eating should be forbidden in the laboratory
 Ensuring that all clean laboratory wares are rinsed with distilled
water and are properly dried before storage.
 Ensuring that all prepared reagents and weighed chemicals are
well labeled
 Before closing for the day, hands should be washed properly with
plenty of water.

3.3 GENERAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS, USES AND

INSTRUMENTATION.

Laboratory equipmentare needed to conduct specific experiment, for

measurement, or to gather data.

Various instruments were used at givanas industry Nigeria limited

which makes it easy and faster while carrying experiments and
research.

Such instruments and equipment’s include;

 SEPERATING FUNNEL;
o Separating funnel is a piece of laboratory glassware used in
liquid-liquid extraction to separate the components of a
mixture into two immiscible solvents phases of different
densities. Typically, one of the phases will be aqueous and
the other a non-polar lipophilic organic solvent.
PRINCIPLE OF SEPERATING FUNNEL.
 The separating funnel runs on a concept of “ like dissolve
like” and this means that of a compound is polar, then it can only
be dissolved in a polar solvent and vice versa.
 HOTPLATE
Hotplate is a portable self-contained table top small
appliance that features one, two or more gas burners or
electric heating elements.

PRINCIPLE OF HOTPLATES

The hotplates changes electrical energy to heat energy in order to

heat objects. It is a form of electrical energy utilization.

 PHMETER
PH meter measures electric potentials (millivolts) across an
electrode when immersed in water or a solution. The electric
potential is a function of hydrogen ion activity in the sample.
PRINCIPLE OF PH METER
It measures the voltage (electric potential) produced by the
solution whose acidity one is interested in and compare it with
the voltage of a known solution and uses the differences on
voltage ( the potential difference) between the two solutions to
deduce the difference in PH.

3.4 PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LABPORATORY

REAGENTS.
 PREPARATION OF 0.1M SODIUM HYDROXIDE
o 4g of sodium hydroxide pellet was weighed into a beaker
o Mark up to 100ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask.
 PREPARATION OF 1.0M SILVERNITRATE
o 17g of silver nitrate was weighed into a beaker.
o It was dissolved with distilled water and then mark up to
100ml volumetric flask.
  PREPARATION OF PHENOLPTHALEIN INDICATORS
o 0.5g of phenolphthalein powder was weighed in a beaker
o 50ml of distilled water was added and stirred
o 50ml of 95% alcohol was also added and properly shake.
 PREPARATION OF 10% AMMONIA SOLUTRION
o 10ml of ammonia solution was filled in a clean measuring
cylinder.
o Mark up to 10ml of distilled water in a 100ml volumetric
flask.
 PREAOARATION OF 30% LEAD ACETATE SOLUTION.
o 30g of lead acetate salt was weighed in a beaker
o Dissolved in 70ml of distilled water and warm to dissolve the
salt, mark up to 100ml mark.
NOTE; all lead salt are insoluble in cold water.

 PREPARATION OF 0.02N EDTA SOLUTION

o 7.444g of EDTA powder was weighed into a beaker.
o Marked up to 100ml with a distilled water in a volumetric
flask and stirred the cloudy were formed.
 PREPARATION OF 0.02N POTASSIUM PERMAGANATE SOLUTION
o 3.16g of potassium permanganate crystals was weighed in a
beaker
o Mark up same with distilled water in a 100ml volumetric
flask
 PREPARATION OF 0.1M HYDROCHLORIC ACID
o 8.36ml of hydrochloric acid was pipette from the stock
solution into some distilled water in a volumetric flask
o Mark up same with 100ml distilled water in a volumetric
flask

NITE; acid was poured to water to avoid explosion.

  PREPARATION OF 1.0N SULPHURIC ACID
o 27.17ml of sulphuric acid was pipetted from the stock
solution into water in a volumetric flask.
o Mark up same with distilled water 100ml mark in a
volumetric flask.
 PREPARATION OF ERYCHROME BLACK (EBT) INDICATOR
o Dissolve 1.0g of erychrome black in 80ml of 95% ethanol
o Mark up to 100ml with 95% ethanol

CHAPTER FOUR

SOAP MACHINERY

4.1 INTODUCTION TO SOAP MACHINERY

Soap machinery refers to every working machine or devices used in the

production of soap in the factory to make the work process of
producing the soap faster and easier thereby giving the best soap and
quality product. Its results to the supply of reconditioned saponification
plants and soap making machines for the production of toilet soap bars,
laundry soap bars, hotel soap bars and multipurpose soap bars. This
machinery requires qualified and trained maintenance personnel in
cases where issues or faults are affecting the machines during
production process.

Example of the soap machineries include;

Introduction to soap machineries

o Soap mixer machine

o Soap roller machine (roll mill)
o Soap vacuum duplex plodder machine
o Soap cutting machine
o Soap stamping machine

4.2.1 SOAP MIXER MACHINE

Soap mixer machine are equipment that are used in soap production or
manufacturing process to mix different materials used in soap making.

A variety of soap mixing machines is available in the industry, which can

be selected on the basis of requirement and the type of soap bar to
bemanufactured. The modern days soap mixer machines are carefully
designed to develop soap chips in a uniform texture with color and
perfume. The mixing action is attained by using the specially shaped “z”
blades that’s fitted parallel shafts mounted with close clearance in a
double “U” shaped trough.

4.2.2 SOAP ROLLER MACHINE (ROLL MILL)

Primary task of a roll mill is to refine the soap. Our new generation of
soap roll mills overcomes the key defects of previously utilized designs,
namely, cumbersome maintenance, traditional gear transmission and
poor power distribution of independently driven rolls. We use the latest
in the rolls metallurgy and manufacturing technique and new very
efficient cooling, easy gap setting and strong structural strength
designs.

4.2.3 SOAP VACUUM PLODDER MACHINE

Soap bar making machine is to mix and grind the soap flakes, soap
sheets, thin strips, raw soap noodles, talc powder, sodium silicate,
fragrance and pigment squeezed into a row of soap bar soap, then can
be cutting and printing in the next process.

The vacuum plodder/ soap bar making machine is used to grind, mix,
refine and press soap flakes, soap sheets, thin strips, raw soap noodles,
talc powder, sodium silicate, fragrance and pigment into soap bar.

4.2.4 SOAP CUTTING MACHINE

Soap cutting machine is the equipment used in soap production or

manufacturing process to cut soap bars into desired lengths, sizes and
forms. In these machines, soap cutters are usually placed downstream
from a plodding machine and the soap bars that come from the plodder
enter the cutter and come into contact with an incremental encoder,
which sends a signal to the cutting system.

4.2.5 SOAP STAMPING MACHINE

Soap stamping machine is done through soap stamping machine soap

stamping machine gives the exact shape and size of final soap. The final
stamped soap will be finely finished with the required shape and the
die inside the stamper gives the soap it brand name as per customers’
needs, finally the soap will be ready for packing inside the inner carton.

4.2.6 SOAP SHRINKING MACHINE

Soap shrinking machine is a machine that makes the sleeves used

in inner cartons to be aligned together, before it enters the machine
and after it had entered the machine, the sleeve is been heated up by
the machine before it is been ready for packaging into outer carton.

4.2.7SOAP PACKAGING

Soap manufacturers use different types of packaging products and

solutions to make their products easy and convenient to use and
maximize the performance of product. Some of the soap packaging
options that are used by Givanas Industrial Nigeria Limited are;

 Inner carton and outer carton; inner carton for packing the soap
tablet, while outer carton covers the inner soap tablet inside
before sealing.
 Partition; helps to place a pack of soap product left and right and
it holds the carton while taking it to the warehouse.
 Pot bottles; generally liquid soaps are packaged in pot bottles to
make their usage convenient and effective
 Sleeves; sleeves are bused in soap production for covering the
packet of soap to avoid damage and air from entering the soap
been produced.
 CHAPTER FIVE
PRODUCTION OF SOLID SOAPS
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO SOLID SOAPS
Solid soaps are soap produced mainly from caustic and
oi(noodle) that passes through the soap machinery and comes out
in form of bars before stamping commences.
In the production of solid soap, there are twokinds’of soap
noodles mainly used ingivanas industry Nigeria limited and they
are;
 IN-HOUSE NOODLES ( 70% TOTAL FATTY MATTER)
 IMPORTED NOODLES ( 80% TOTAL FATTY MATTER)

5.2 RAW MATERIAL IN SOLID SOAP PRODUCTION.

Different raw materials are used at givanas industry Nigeria
limited for the production of solid soap depending on the kind of
solid soap to produce a formulation will be required. Soap has
different formulation but similar ones are to be highlighted
They are;
 IN-HOUSE NOODLES
 In-house noodles are the soap noodles produced and made
from the saponification plant which are been crutched by
the grinder (grinding machine) before been packed band
sealed by the sealing machine.
The kinds of soaps produced at givanas industry Nigeria
limited that In-House noodles are been used are:
Sambo soap, Home fresh soap and April beauty soap.

 IMPORTED NOODLES
Imported noodles are the soap noodles, imported by givanas
industrial Nigeria limited from the country that produce it
imported noodles are used in all soap produce3ed at
Givanas industry whether for laundry, beauty or medicated
soap.
 SLES
Sodium laurethethyl sulphate is a raw material used in production
of soap at givanas industry, all kinds of soap produced. It
functions in soap production as a main surfactant.
 FRAGRANCE
Fragrance is also a raw material used in soap production, it is the
last raw m,aterial added in the mixing machine before been sent
to the rollmill.
It functions as the perfume in solid soap production.
Other raw materials in solid soap production are;
o Sorbitol (for Ivory soaps)
 o Menthol (for Medicated soaps such as Medicell)
o Water
o Silicate
o Color
o Calcium carbonate
o Cornstarch
o Titaniumdioxide
o Salt
o Tinopal
o BHT Butylhydroxyl toluene ( for Medicated soaps such as
medicell)
All these raw materials mentioned above are used in soap
production based on the formulation given and the kind of
soap to be produced by the industry at that specific day and
each raw material has it amount of quantity to be weighed
before being poured into the mixer tank according to the
specified formulation given.

5.3 SOLID SOAP PACKAGING

Solid soap are been packaged in the factory making of;

 Inner and outer carton

 Partition
 Sleeves
 Pallet
 Quarantine sticker by the quality controller
 Soap acceptance sticker by the quality controller

5.4 SOLID SOAP PRODUCED AND THEIR NET WEIGHT

Solid soaps produced at givanas industrial Nigeria limited and

there net weight include;

 Ivory Soap 150g

 April Beauty Soap 65g
 Sambo Soap 220g
 So fresh
 G-mano
 Hala soap
 Haven white
 Bazoo
 Fax soap
 Medicell
 Home fresh 110g
 April Multipurpose Soap
 April Luxury soap etc.

5.5 DEFECTS IN SOLID SOAP

The defects noticed in solid soap at Givanas industry Nigeria
limited are
 Unmilled particles
 Unmilled particles occurs when soaps are not properly
crutched by the mixer machine before been sent to the roll
mill by the inspector ( quality control personnel)

 Dry crack
Dry crack occurs when the preliminary temperature of both
the chiller and cone heater are been too low beyond the
industry specification.
 Low vacuum
Low vacuum occurs as a result in which the timer or
whereby the timer is below 350mmHg – 600mmHg. This
thereby leads to cracking on the soap surface.
 Chipped edge
Chipped edge occurs as a result of high speed of the
conveyor and this makes the soap to compress one another
 Cup mark
Cupmark occurs on the logo that is the brand nameon the
soap, it happens when the suction cup and the die is being
too weakened, then the machine operation will need to add
a lubricating oil to the die
 Flashes
Flashes mostly occur in the soap being dropped by the
stamper when the flashing plate is not too okay for the
production.
 Softness of soap
 Unusual softness of soap occurs when the soap stays too
long in the duplex plodder before been sent to the cutting
machine or it is caused majorly when the chiller is put off
when it should be on.

NOTE; all these defects are being corrected by the operator,

quality control personnel (who first noticed it) to avoid the
product from being cartooned and sealed into the outer
carton by the casual worker.

CHAPTER SIX
PRODUCTION OF DISH MAID (LEMON) LIQUID SOAP

6.1 INTRODUCTION TO NDISH MAID (LEMON) LIQUID SOAP

Liquid soaps are soaps mainly produced in forms of liquid (water),

in this particular production, water serves and play a prominent role as
filler.

6.2 RAW MATERIALS IN DISH NMAID (LEMON) LIQUID SOAPS AND

FUNCTIONS.
Name of raw material Function

 De-ionized water filler

 LABSA mild surfactant
(linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid)
 Caustic soda neutralizer
 SLES main surfactant
 MCI preservative
(methylchloroisothiazolinone)
 EDTA stabilizer
(ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid)
 Citric acid pH regulator
 CAP B(cocoamidopropylbentane) surfactant
 Fragrance lemon lime perfume
 Salt(sodium chloride) thickeners
 Color(tetrazine yellow) colorant

6.3 MAIN MIXING OF DISHMAIDD LIQUID SOAPS

Dishmaid (lemon) liquid soaps are mixed and produced by raw

materials of it kind;

 De-ionized water
The first thing to be added is the de-ionized water, it is added
based on the quantity needed by the industry and the
 formulation. Then add the quantity of CAPB given while the batch
is mixing for 5mins.
 Add the quantity of glycerine given and allow to mix for 5mins
 MCI (methylchloroisothiazolinone)
Before the addition of MCI into the mixing tank the quantity
controller should ensure that the PH is between 6-8 before MCI is
been added and allow to mix for 5mins.
 Tetrasodium (EDTA)
Add the quantity of EDTA given and allow to mix for 5mins.
 Tetrazine yellow color
Add tetrazine yellow color and allow to mix for 5mins.
 Sodium chloride
Add the quantity of sodium chloride pre-dissolved and allowed to
mix for 5mins.
 Residual water
Then the remaining amount of residual water is been added.
 Fragrance lemon lime
Add the quantity of fragrance given, allow mixing for 5mins.

Finally the quality controller checks the PHwhich must fall under the PH
7 mark.

The next day the dishmaid (lemon) liquid soap is been tapped from the
mixer tap into the beaker by the quality controller and the viscosity is
been checked using the viscometer equipment.
When checked, the following are be known;

o Cp- centipoise
o Torque
o Off rpm
o Spindle

6.4 DISHMAID (LEMON) LIQUID SOAP PACKAGING

During the packaging of dishmaid lemon liquid soap the following are
being observed.

 PETBOTTLE
The pot bottles are been placed into the filling machine
which passes through the conveyor and then to the stickers
which have a label named dish maid.
 THE FILLING MACHINE
The filling machine is connected through a large hose or pipe
to the tank of already prepared liquid soaps (dishmaid). The
machine is set to a particular amount or quantity of in
weight of which each pet bottle should contain before being
passed to the sticker machine.
 STICKER MACHINE
 The sticker machine helps place the brand name of the
product on the pet bottles.
 SLEEVING MACHINE
The Sleeve machine helps to sleeve the cap of the pet bottle
before it enters the shrinking machine where the sleeve
melts.

 SHRINKING MACHINE
The shrinking machine helps with the shrinking of the
sleeves as a result of the hot temperature which it possess.
 CODING MACHINE
After the shrinking of the sleeves, it results to the coding of
the product by each pet bottle. The coding contains three
vital information namely;
o BATCH NUMBER
o PRODUCTION/MANUFACTURING DATE
o EXPIRING DATE
 CARTONING AND PALLETING
The coding machine brings it out and the casual worker
counts 18 pet bottles containing the liquid soap in a carton
sealed and arranged 70 cartons of it into pallet before being
taken to the warehouse.
 RELEVANCE OF THE PROGRAMME

The students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a partial

oriented program aims at exposing students to the challenges of work
after graduation.

The relevance of this SIWES program which is designed to acquaint

students with what they are going to face after graduation includes;

1. To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling

equipment, this may not be available in their institutions of
learning.
2. To provide untold job opportunities to the fortune trainees
3. To enable students acquire more practical experiences and skills
in addition to the theoretical work carried out in their lecture
halls.
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This period of industrial training really achieved it purpose in my
academic pursuit. I became better informed as regards the
practical aspects of my course. The exposure and the wealth of
experience gained is worth the six-month of industrial training
experience.
The wealth of knowledge and exposure gained during these
periods cannot be quantified.
The technical report dwelt on the summary of soap machinery,
safety and precautions in the laboratory, production of solid soap
and production of liquid soap.

I recommend that the industry based supervisor pay serious

attention to their i.t students especially in ensuring that the
students participate fully in the learning process.
Also, I recommend that stipends be given to I.T students by their
employer.
Again, I.T students shouldn’t be asked to pay as a pre-requisite for
doing their I.T in whatever organization or firm.
Finally, the I.T.F should increase the amount of money to be paid
to I.T students after their training because they are capable of
doing so.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE PROGRAM

The training was a success in many ways but even as such there where
several challenges faced during the course of carrying out this program
and this includes;

 Cost of transportation
 Low stipends
 Exposure to several dangerous chemicals

These problems could be tackled for better and improved through the
effort of the company management and the state government.