Mathematics 9

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 8
Ratio and Proportion
Mathematics Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 8: Ratio and Proportion
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writers: Arnel Jordan B. Domingo
Editors: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Reviewers: Julie R. Reyes; Roberta B. Tuando; Raneth A. Yago (technical)
Illustrator: Arnel Jordan B. Domingo
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC – Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief – School Governance & Operations Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larangan)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 9
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 8
Ratio and Proportion
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Ratio and

Proportion!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Ratio and

Proportion!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Define and illustrate ratio and proportion.

2. Solve for the unknown in a proportion.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each of the following carefully and identify what is being asked.
Write only the letter of the correct answer on your paper.

1. In a classroom with forty-seven students, twenty-eight of them are female. What

is the ratio of male to female?
A. 28:47 C. 19:28
B. 47:28 D. 28:19
2. What do you call the equality of two ratios?
A. similarity C. rationality
B. proportion D. congruency
3 7
3. What is the value of m in the proportion = ?
m 42
A. m = 12 C. m = 18
B. m = 15 D. m = 21
4. In the proportion (x+2):5 = 9:15, what is x?
A. x = 1 C. x = 3
B. x = 2 D. x = 4
10 6
5. What is y in the proportion = ?
y+2 𝑦−4
A. y = 12 C. y = 14
B. y = 13 D. y = 15

RECAP
3
Direction: Identify which of the following is equivalent to ?
4

A. B.
C. 4:3 D. 75%

75 15
E. 34% F. 300:400 G. H.
100 20
 LESSON
Have you seen the map of your barangay or a house blueprint done by an
architect? No matter how large the land area of your locality, it is always possible to
view all the main streets and main landmarks in a piece of paper. Moreover, from a
piece of paper, a very beautiful house can be constructed into a reality. These two
are only few of the many real life applications of the mathematics concept called
similarity.

In geometry, two objects are said to be similar if they have the same shape,
even if they are in different sizes. An object similar to another can be obtained by
uniformly stretching or reducing the same amount on all directions. In the world of
similarities, it is very important for you to study the concept of ratio and proportion.
Ratio and proportion play a vital role in the study of similarity which will be discussed
in the succeeding self-learning modules.

I GOT YOU, RATIO!

Ratio is a way to compare two or more quantities. It says how much of one
thing there is compared to another thing. Quantities involved in a ratio are of the
same kind so that ratio does not make use of units. However, when quantities are of
different kinds, the comparison of the quantities that consider the units is called
rate.

A ratio can be written in different ways - as a fraction, using the word “to”, or
using a colon “:”. The ratio of a to b can be written as follows:

𝒂
a to b a:b
𝒃
Another example, “Out of 35 survivors of the COVID-19 in a certain barangay
in Pasig City, 20 of them are males.”. The ratio of the number of males to the total
number of survivors in that barangay can be written as follows:

𝟐𝟎
20 to 35 20 : 35
𝟑𝟓
which can be read as “twenty to thirty-five” or “twenty is to thirty-five”. The order of
the ratio is very important such that quantities should be written in the order they
are being listed. Moreover, the ratio may also be reduced to lowest terms. In the
given example. “Out of 35 survivors of the COVID-19 in a certain barangay in Pasig
City, 20 of them are males”,

𝟐𝟎 𝟒
Ratio of male survivors to female survivors or
𝟏𝟓 𝟑

Ratio of female survivors to total survivors 15 : 35 or 3 : 7

𝟑𝟓 𝟕
Ratio of total survivors to male survivors or
𝟐𝟎 𝟒
HELLO THERE, PROPORTION!

A proportion is the equality of two ratios. It is an equation in which there are

ratios on both sides and can be written in two ways – as two equal fractions or use
of colons.

two equal fractions use of colons

𝐚 𝐜
=𝐝 a:b=c:d
𝐛

The proportions above can be read as “a is to b as c is to d” or “a is to b is

equal to c is to d”.

In the proportion a : b = c : d, the outer terms a and d are called extremes

while the inner terms b and c are called means.

means

a : b = c : d

extremes
The properties that follow show several ways of rewriting proportions that do
not alter the meaning of their values.

Fundamental Rule of Proportion

a c
If a : b = c : d, then = provided that b ≠ 0 and d ≠ 0.
b d
Properties of Proportion

CROSS-MULTIPLICATION 𝐚 𝐜
PROPERTY
If = 𝐝 , then ad=bc; b≠0 and d≠0
𝐛

ALTERNATION 𝐚 𝐜 𝐚 𝐛
PROPERTY
If = 𝐝, then 𝐜 = 𝐝; b≠0, c≠0 and d≠0
𝐛

𝐚 𝐜 𝐛 𝐝
INVERSE PROPERTY If = , then = ; a≠0, b≠0, c≠0 and d≠0
𝐛 𝐝 𝐚 𝐜

𝐚 𝐜 𝐚+𝐛 𝐜+𝐝
ADDITION PROPERTY If = 𝐝, then = ; b≠0 and d≠0
𝐛 𝐛 𝐝

SUBTRACTION 𝐚 𝐜 𝐚−𝐛 𝐜−𝐝

PROPERTY
If = 𝐝, then = ; b≠0 and d≠0
𝐛 𝐛 𝐝
YES! I CAN SOLVE PROPORTIONS!
a c
We can use either of the notations = or a : b = c : d in finding for an
b d
unknown in a proportion and the cross-product property on proportions, along
with the other properties of equality, is very helpful in solving. Examine the following
illustrative examples with two different ways of solving for the unknown.

Illustrative examples:

x 12
1) Solve for x in =
5 15

Solutions

Solution 1 Solution 2
“cross multiplication” “product of extremes = product of
means”
x 12
= x 12
5 15 = or x : 5 = 12: 15
x 12 Cross-Product 5 15
= Property.
5 15
x : 5 = 12: 15
15x = 5(12)
(5)(12)
15x = 60
x : 5 = 12: 15
15x 60 Divide both sides
= by 15. (x)(15)
15 15
15x 60
= 15x = 5(12)
15 15
15x = 60
x=4 15x 60 Divide both
= sides by 15.
15 15
15x 60
=
15 15
x=4

Which solution is easier for you to follow? Is it the cross multiplication or is it

the product of extremes=product of means?
 x−3 27
2) Solve for x in =
7 21
Solution 1 Solution 2
“cross multiplication” “product of extremes = product of means”

x−3 27 x−3 27
= = or (x-3) : 7 = 27 : 21
7 21 7 21

x−3 27 Cross-Product (x-3) : 7 = 27 : 21

= Property.
7 21
(7)(27)
21(x-3) = 7(27)
(x-3) : 7 = 27 : 21
Distributive
21x - 63 = 189
Property. (x-3)(21)
21x = 189+63 Addition Property
21 (x-3) = 7(27)
21x = 252
Distributive
21x - 63 = 189
21x 252 Divide both sides Property.
= by 21.
21 21 21x = 189+63 Addition Property
21x 252
= 21x = 252
21 21
21x 252 Divide both sides
x=12 = by 21.
21 21
21x 252
=
21 21
x=12

x−1 7
3) Solve for x in (x-5) : (x+3) = 2 : 6 4) Solve for x in =
3 x+3
(x-5) : (x+3) = 2 : 6
x−1 7
=
(x+3)(2) 3 x+3
(x-5) : (x+3) = 2 : 6 x−1 7
=
3 x+3
(x-5)(6)
6(x-5) = 2(x+3) (x-1) (x+3) = 3 (7)
6x - 30 = 2x + 6 x2 + 2x -3 = 21
6x – 2x = 6 + 30 x2 + 2x -3 - 21= 0
4x = 36
4x 36 x2 + 2x – 24 = 0
=
4 4 (x+6) (x-4) = 0
4x 36
= x+6=0 x-4=0
4 4
x = -6 x=4
x=9
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Study the given situation and write the required ratio:

Miss Lorna Babol conducted a survey on the availability of students’ gadgets

and internet connections to her Mathematics Class in preparation for their Mathematics
activity at home. She found out 18 of them have gadgets with internet connection, 12
have gadgets but with no internet connection and 10 of them do not have gadget nor
internet connection.

Find the ratio of the following.

1. ratio of students with gadgets with internet connection to the total number of
students
2. ratio of students with no gadgets and with no internet connection to the total
number of students
3. ratio of students with gadgets to the total number of students
4. ratio of students with gadgets to the students with no gadgets
5. ratio of students with internet connection to students with no internet
connection

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Directions: Solve for the unknown in the following proportions. Show your complete
solution.

s+1 13 2y−3 y−1

1. 4:m=2:14 2. 15:16=45:k 3.16:x=x:4 4. = 5. =
22 26 3 2

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Directions: Solve for x in the following proportions. Show your complete solution.

4 x 18 9 x+2 7 x+6 x+4 x+4 x+3

1. = 2. = 3. = 4. = 5. =
x 9 𝑥+4 x−3 6 x+3 x−3 x x+2 x
 WRAP–UP

Remember that…
Ratio is a way to compare two or more quantities. The ratio of a to b can be
a
written as , a to b or a : b.
b
A proportion is the equality of two ratios. It is an equation in which there are
a c
ratios on both sides and can be written in two ways – as two equal fractions =d
b
or use of colons a : b = c : d. In the proportion a : b = c : d, the outer terms a and d
are called extremes while the inner terms b and c are called means.
a c
We can use either of the notations = or a : b = c : d in finding for an
b d
unknown in a proportion. The cross-product property on proportions, along with
other properties of equality, is very helpful in solving for the unknown in a proportion.

VALUING

REFLECTION (Journal Writing)

Proportion is the equality of two ratios. It

is an equation in which there are ratios on both
sides. It can be compared to a balance scale
such that the weight on one side should be
equal to the weight of the other side. In real life,
PLAY STUDY
how can you balance your play time and study
time? Write an essay on how to balance your
play time and study time, especially that you are
studying at home in this time of pandemic.
https://images.app.goo.gl/fQkHoXWEPmYGu1d27
 POSTTEST
Directions: Read each of the following carefully and identify what is being asked.
Write only the letter of the correct answer on your paper.

1. To deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, the country’s Inter-Agency Task Force
decided that out of 81 provinces, 67 will be under MGCQ and the rest will be under
GCQ. What is the ratio of provinces under GCQ to the total number of provinces?

A. 67 : 81 C. 14 : 67
B. 81 : 67 D. 14 : 81

m 7
2. What is the value of m in the proportion = ?
9 3

A. 12 C. 27
B. 21 D. 63

3. In the proportion 5 : y = y : 20, what is y?

A. 10 or -10 C. 50 or 2
B. 25 or 4 D. 100 or 1

4. In the proportion (4x-2) : 9 = 8 : 12, what is x?

A. x = 1 C. x = 3
B. x = 2 D. x = 4

𝑥+7 2𝑥−3
5. What is y in the proportion = ?
5 3
36
A. x = 7 C. x =
7
7
B. x = 36 D. x =
36
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. C 4. B 3. A 2. B 1. D
POSTTEST
5
5. x = – 6 4. x = – 3. x=-9 or 4 2. x = 10 1. x = 6 or -6
12
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
5. y=3 4. s=10 3. x=8 or -8 1. m=28 2. k=48
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
5. 18:22 or 9:11
4. 30:10 or 3:1
3. 30:40 or 3:4
2. 10:40 or 1:4
1. 18:40 or 9:20
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
B D F G H
RECAP
5. B 4. A 1. C 2. B 3. C
PRETEST

References
Brant, Merden, et al. Mathematics Grade 9 Learners Material. Pasig City: Department
of Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017.

Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E-MATH 9. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2007.

http://www.math.com/school/subject1/lessons/S1U2L2DP.html (accessed
September 1, 2020)

https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/proportions.html (accessed September 1,

2020)

https://byjus.com/maths/ratios-and-proportion/ (accessed September 1, 2020)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JhPTVF7JDw (accessed September 2, 2020)

https://images.app.goo.gl/eHSvKYw2UsX89vDr6 (accessed September 7, 2020)

https://images.app.goo.gl/fQkHoXWEPmYGu1d27 (accessed September 7, 2020)