DC Network Theorem (1)

1) A good electronic conductor is one that

a. has low conductance
b. is always made of copper wire
c. produces a minimum voltage drop
d. has few free electronics
2) Which of the following statement is TRUE both for a series and a parallel DC network?
a. Power are additive
b. Voltage are additive
c. Currents are additive
d. Elements have individual current
3) What percentage of the maximum power is delivered to a load if load resistance is ten times greater than
the Thevenin resistance of the source to which it is connected?
a. 25%
b. 40%
c. 35.39%
d. 33.06%
4) The time constant of an R-C series circuit is equal to
a. R/C
b. C/R
c. RC
d. 1/RC
5) Three resistors of 4 Ω , 5 Ω and 8 Ω are connected in parallel. In which resistor power dissipation is
maximum?
a. 4Ω
b. 5Ω
c. 8 Ω
d. Equal in all resistors.
6) For the circuit shown the Thevenin’s voltage and resistance as seen at a-b are

a. 5V, 10 Ω
b. 10V, 10 Ω
c.5V, 5 Ω
d.15V, 15 Ω
7) Conductance is analogous to
a.Permeance
b. flux
c.Reluctance
d.inductance
8) Energy stored by a capacitor is given by
1 2
CV
a. 2
Page 1 of 45
 1
QV
b. 2
Q2
c.
2C

9) Kirchhoff’s voltage law is used for as

a.Loop Analysis
b.node analysis
c.Finding out equivalent resistant
d.none of these
10) A 20Ω resistor is stretched to increase its length double. Its resistance will now be
a. 40Ω
b. 20Ω
c. 10Ω
d. 5Ω
11) A good electronic conductor is one that
e. has low conductance
f. is always made of copper wire
g. produces a minimum voltage drop
h. has few free electronics
12) Which of the following statement is TRUE both for a series and a parallel DC network?
e. Power are additive
f. Voltage are additive
g. Currents are additive
h. Elements have individual current
13) What percentage of the maximum power is delivered to a load if load resistance is ten times greater than
the Thevenin resistance of the source to which it is connected?
e. 25%
f. 40%
g. 35.39%
h. 33.06%
14) The time constant of an R-C series circuit is equal to
e. R/C
f. C/R
g. RC
h. 1/RC
15) Three resistors of 4 Ω , 5 Ω and 8 Ω are connected in parallel. In which resistor power dissipation is
maximum?
e. 4Ω
f. 5Ω
g. 8Ω
h. Equal in all resistors.
16) For the circuit shown the Thevenin’s voltage and resistance as seen at a-b are

Page 2 of 45
 e. 5V, 10 Ω
f. 10V, 10 Ω
g.5V, 5 Ω
h.15V, 15 Ω
17) Conductance is analogous to
e.Permeance
f. flux
g.Reluctance
h.inductance
18) Energy stored by a capacitor is given by
1 2
CV
d. 2
1
QV
e. 2
2
Q
f.
2C
19) Kirchhoff’s voltage law is used for as
e.Loop Analysis
f.node analysis
g.Finding out equivalent resistant
h.none of these
20) A 20Ω resistor is stretched to increase its length double. Its resistance will now be
a. 40Ω
b. 20Ω
c. 10Ω
d. 5Ω
21) If a voltage source is to be neglected then terminal across the source will be
a. Open circuited
b. Short circuited
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these
22) The equivalent resistance across the terminal a-b will be
a. 9 Ω b. 3Ω c. 6Ω d. 2Ω

Page 3 of 45
AC Fundamentals
π
v =141. 4 sin ( 314 .18 t − )
1) A sinusoidal voltage is represented as 2 . Its rms value of voltages, frequency
and phase angle are respectively
a) 141.42 V , 314.16Hz, 900
b) 100V,100 Hz,-900
c) 87.92V,56Hz,900
d) 200 V,50Hz, -900
2) The direction of current in an ac circuit is
a) always in one direction
b) varying from time to time
c) unpredictable
d) from positive to negative
3) Inductive reactance of a coil of inductance 0.2 H at 50Hz is
a) 62.8 ohms
b) 628 ohms
c) 0.2 ohms
d) 10 ohms
4) When a pure inductance is connected to an ac sources, the voltage _____ the current through it by ____
a) lags,900
b) leads, 900
c) lags, 450
d) leads, 450
5) The power consumed by a pure capacitance connected to ac source is
a) zero
b) very low
c) high
d) infinite
6) In a series R-L circuit the phase difference between the applied ac voltage and current increases when
a) R is increased
b) XL is increased
c) XL is decreased
d) Supply frequency is increased
7) When a phasor is multiplied by j and –j ,it is rotated through --- in the anticlockwise direction
respectively by

Page 4 of 45
 a) 900,2700
b) 900,900
c) 900,1800
d) 2700,900
8) An ac voltage of (100+j60) V is applied to a circuit to give a current of (-4+j10) A. The power
dissipated by the current is
a) -100W
b) 100W
c) 200W
d) 400W
9) In a parallel ac circuit, if the supply frequency is greater than the resonant frequency, then the circuit is
a) inductive
b) resistive
c) capacitive
d) none of them

10) Q factor of a series circuit consisting R=10ohms, L=0.1H and C=10µF is

a) 115
b) 100
c) 10
d) 1
11) If a parallel circuit is shunted by a resistance then the
a) Q factor is increased
b) impedance is decreased
c) both a) and b)
d) none of these
12) At parallel resonance, a circuit current is 2mA.If Q factor of the circuit is 100, then the current through
the capacitor is equal to
a) 0.02mA
b) 1mA
c) 2mA
d) 200mA

13) In a RC series circuit, Xc=R, then the phase angle between the applied voltage and circuit current is
a) 300
b) 450
c) 600
d) 900
14) AC voltmeters and ammeters are normally calibrated in
a) Average value
b) instantaneous value
c) Peak value
d) Rms. value
15) The phase relationship between applied voltage and current in an ac circuit with capacitance is
a) They are in phase
b) current lags voltage by 90°
c) Current leads voltage by 90°
d) voltage leads voltage by 90°
16) In a series R-L-C circuit, the condition for resonance is
a) The currents Ic &IL are in Phase opposition
b) Resultant current is zero
Page 5 of 45
 c) The voltage drop across XL and XC are equal
d) Power factor is zero
17) In a series R-L-C resonance circuit, during resonance, which one of the following is maximum?
a) Impedance
b) Voltage
c) Current
d) None of these
18) If the peak value of a sine wave is 100 volts, then its rms value will be
a) 70.7 V
b) 63.6 V
c) 100 V
d) 88 V

19) If the peak value of a sine wave is 100 volts, then its rms value will be
a) 70.7 V
b) 63.6 V
c) 100 V
d) 88 V
20) In a series R-L-C circuit, the power factor at resonance is
a) Unity
b) zero
c) 0.5
d) none of these
21) If e 1 =A sin wt and e 2 =B sin (ωt - θ ). then
a) e 1 lags e 2 by Φ
b) e 1 lags e 2 by Φ
c) e 1 leads e 2 by Φ
d) e 1 is in phase with e 2 .
22) In series R-L-C circuit, the power factor at resonance is
a) Unity
b) zero
c) 0.5
d) 0.75
23) The form factor of a wave is 1. Its shape is
a) Sinusoidal
b) Triangular
c) Square
d) Sawtooth
0
24) The admittance of a parallel circuit is 0.5 ∠−30 . The circuit is
a) Inductive
b) capacitive
c) Resistive
d) in resonance
25) The power factor of a purely inductive circuit is
a) zero
b) one
c) infinity
Page 6 of 45
 d) 0.5
26) The Conductance G of a series circuit is having a resistance R and inductive reactance XL is given by
a) G = 1/R
b) G = R/ XL
c) G = XL
d) G = R/ (R2 + XL2)
27) A circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor in series is resonant of . o f Hz If all the component
values are now doubled, the new resonant frequency is:
a) 2 fo
b) still fo
c) fo /4
d) fo/2

28) A series R-L-C circuit when excited by a 10V sinusoidal voltage source of variable frequency, exhibits
resonance at 100 Hz and has a 3 dB bandwidth of 5 Hz. The voltage across the inductor L at resonance is:
a) 10 V
b) 10√2V
10
c) V
√2
d) 200V
29) The current in the circuit shown in Fig is:
a) 5A
b) 10A
c) 15A
d) 25A

30) The resonant frequency for the given circuit will be:
a) 1 rad/sec
b) 2 rad/sec
c) 3 rad/sec
d) 4 rad/sec

31) In an electrical circuit, if the current lags the voltage by 600 the circuit nature is
a) R-C
b) R-L
c) LC
d) none of these
32) The band width of series resonant ac circuit is equal to
R
a) 2 πL
1
b) RLC
1
c) 2 πR
1
d) ωC
33) Time constant of LR circuit is given by
Page 7 of 45
 L
a)
R
R
b)
L
1
c)
LR
d) LR
π
v =141. 4 sin ( 314 .18 t − )
34) A sinusoidal voltage is represented as 2 . Its rms value of voltages, frequency
and phase angle are respectively
a) 141.42 V , 314.16Hz, 900
b) 100V,100 Hz,-900
c) 87.92V,56Hz,900
d) 200 V,50Hz, -900
35) The direction of current in an ac circuit is
e) always in one direction
f) varying from time to time
g) unpredictable
h) from positive to negative
36) Inductive reactance of a coil of inductance 0.2 H at 50Hz is
a) 62.8 ohms
b) 628 ohms
c) 0.2 ohms
d) 10 ohms
37) When a pure inductance is connected to an ac sources, the voltage _____ the current through it by ____
a) lags,900
b) leads, 900
c) lags, 450
d) leads, 450
38) The power consumed by a pure capacitance connected to ac source is
a) zero
b) very low
c) high
d) infinite
39) In a series R-L circuit the phase difference between the applied ac voltage and current increases when
a) R is increased
b) XL is increased
c) XL is decreased
d) Supply frequency is increased
40) When a phasor is multiplied by j and –j ,it is rotated through --- in the anticlockwise direction
respectively by
a) 900,2700
b) 900,900
c) 900,1800
d) 2700,900
41) An ac voltage of (100+j60) V is applied to a circuit to give a current of (-4+j10) A. The power
dissipated by the current is
e) -100W
f) 100W
g) 200W
h) 400W
Page 8 of 45
42) In a parallel ac circuit, if the supply frequency is greater than the resonant frequency, then the circuit is
e) inductive
f) resistive
g) capacitive
h) none of them
43) Q factor of a series circuit consisting R=10ohms, L=0.1H and C=10µF is
e) 115
f) 100
g) 10
h) 1

44) If a parallel circuit is shunted by a resistance then the

e) Q factor is increased
f) impedance is decreased
g) both a) and b)
h) none of these
45) At parallel resonance, a circuit current is 2mA.If Q factor of the circuit is 100, then the current through
the capacitor is equal to
e) 0.02mA
f) 1mA
g) 2mA
h) 200mA

Page 9 of 45
46) In a RC series circuit, Xc=R, then the phase angle between the applied voltage and circuit
current is
e) 300
f) 450
g) 600
h) 900
47) AC voltmeters and ammeters are normally calibrated in
a) Average value
b) instantaneous value
c) Peak value
d) Rms. value
48) The phase relationship between applied voltage and current in an ac circuit with
capacitance is
a) They are in phase
b) current lags voltage by 90°
c) Current leads voltage by 90°
d) voltage leads voltage by 90°
49) In a series R-L-C circuit, the condition for resonance is
e) The currents Ic &IL are in Phase opposition
f) Resultant current is zero
g) The voltage drop across XL and XC are equal
h) Power factor is zero
50) In a series R-L-C resonance circuit, during resonance, which one of the following is
maximum?
a) Impedance
b) Voltage
c) Current
d) None of these
51) If the peak value of a sine wave is 100 volts, then its rms value will be
a) 70.7 V
b) 63.6 V
c) 100 V
d) 88 V
52) If the peak value of a sine wave is 100 volts, then its rms value will be
e) 70.7 V
f) 63.6 V
g) 100 V
h) 88 V
53) In a series R-L-C circuit, the power factor at resonance is
e) Unity
f) zero
g) 0.5
h) none of these
54) If e 1 =A sin wt and e 2 =B sin (ωt - θ ). then
e) e 1 lags e 2 by Φ
f) e 1 lags e 2 by Φ
g) e 1 leads e 2 by Φ
h) e 1 is in phase with e 2 .

Page 10 of 45
55) In series R-L-C circuit, the power factor at resonance is
e) Unity
f) zero
g) 0.5
h) 0.75
56) The form factor of a wave is 1. Its shape is
e) Sinusoidal
f) Triangular
g) Square
h) Sawtooth
0
57) The admittance of a parallel circuit is 0.5 ∠−30 . The circuit is
e) Inductive
f) capacitive
g) Resistive
h) in resonance
58) The power factor of a purely inductive circuit is
e) zero
f) one
g) infinity
h) 0.5
59) The Conductance G of a series circuit is having a resistance R and inductive reactance XL
is given by
e) G = 1/R
f) G = R/ XL
g) G = XL
h) G = R/ (R2 + XL2)
60) A circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor in series is resonant of . o f Hz If all the
component values are now doubled, the new resonant frequency is:
e) 2 fo
f) still fo
g) fo /4
h) fo/2
61) A series R-L-C circuit when excited by a 10V sinusoidal voltage source of variable
frequency, exhibits resonance at 100 Hz and has a 3 dB bandwidth of 5 Hz. The voltage
across the inductor L at resonance is:
e) 10 V
f) 10√2V
10
g) V
√2
h) 200V
62) The current in the circuit shown in Fig is:
e) 5A
f) 10A
g) 15A
h) 25A

Page 11 of 45
63) The resonant frequency for the given circuit will be:
e) 1 rad/sec
f) 2 rad/sec
g) 3 rad/sec
h) 4 rad/sec
64) In an electrical circuit, if the current lags the voltage by 600 the circuit nature is
e) R-C
f) R-L
g) LC
h) none of these
65) The band width of series resonant ac circuit is equal to
R
e) 2 πL
1
f) RLC
1
g) 2 πR
1
h) ωC
66) Time constant of LR circuit is given by
L
a)
R
R
b)
L
1
c)
LR
d) LR
67) An inductive coil with impedance Z = (5+j10), its conductance will be
a) 0.2 Ʊ b) 2 Ʊ c) 4 Ʊ d) 0.4 Ʊ

Mod 3: Transformer

1. Hysteresis loss in a transformer can be reduced using

a) Laminated Core b) Silicon Steel Core

c) Oil d) None of these

2. Transformer core is laminated to reduce

a) Copper loss b) eddy current loss

c) Hysteresis loss d)none of these

3. The unit of Flux Density is

a) weber b) tesla

Page 12 of 45
 c) coulomb d) none of these.

4. In a Transformer, electric power is transformed from primary to secondary without change

in

a) Voltage b) current

c) Frequency d) turns

5. The efficiency of a transformer is maximum when

a) Copper losses are zero b) iron losses are zero

c) Copper losses are 50% of the iron losses d) copper losses are equal to iron losses

6. If e1=A sinwt and e2=Bsin(wt-α), then

a) e1 lags e2 by α

b) e2 lags e1 by α

c) e2 leads e1 by α

d) e1 is in phase with e2

7. If the full load copper loss of a transformer is 2000 W, 80°,% of full load is

a)2000W

b) 80W

c) 500W

d) l280W

8. Transformer core is made of

a) laminated steel
b) solid steel
c) laminated copper sheets
d) any non magnetic material

9. Hysteresis loss in a transformer varies as

a) square of frequency
b) frequency
c) square root of frequency
d) reciprocal of frequency

Page 13 of 45
10. In a transformer connected to constant source increase in secondary load current will
ultimately

a) reduce the mutual flux in the core

b) increase the mutual flux in the core
c) not cause any change in the magnitude of mutual flux
d) decrease the mutual flux when the secondary current below 0.8 p.f. lagging

11. Area of hysteresis loop is a measure of

a) Retentivity
b) coercivity
c) saturated flux density
d) Energy loss.

12. The regulation of a transformer is negative, if the load at the secondary side is

a. Resistive
b. Inductive
c. Capacitive
d. Combination of resistive, inductive & capacitive

13. In a transformer, the flux phasor

a) Leads the induced emf by 90o
b) Lags the induced emf by 90o
c) Leads the induced emf by slightly less than 90o
d) Lags the induced emf by slightly less than 90o

14. Iron loss of a transformer is 100 watt at half load. At full load the iron loss would be
a) 100 watt
b) 50 watt
c) 200 watt
d) 400 watt
15. In a transformer zero voltage regulation at full load is
a) Not possible
b) Possible at unity power factor load
c) Possible at leading power factor load
d) Possible at lagging power factor load
16. Can a 50Hz transformer be used for 25Hz with input voltage rated for 50Hz
a) Yes, as V, I remains constant
b) No, the flux is doubled which will drive the core to excessive
saturation

Page 14 of 45
 c) No, the current will become double
d) Yes, at constant voltage insulation will not be over stressed.
17. Three 50Ω resistances are connected in star across a 400V, 3-Ø supply. If one of the
resistances is disconnected, the line current will be
a) 8A b) 4A
c) 8√3 d) 8√3
18. When a 50Hz transformer is operated at 400Hz, its KVA rating is
a) increased by 8 times b) reduced by 8 times
c) unaffected d) determined by load on secondary
19. Hysteresis loss in a transformer can be reduced using
a) Laminated Core b) Silicon Steel Core
c) Oil d) None of these

INDUCTION MOTOR:

70) A wound rotor induction motor can be distinguish from squirrel cage induction motor by

a) size of frame
b) direction of rotation
c) diameter of shaft
d) presence of slip ring.

71) At 50 Hz, the speed of the rotating magnetic field for 4 pole 3 phase induction motor is

a) 1500 r.p.m.

b) 3000 r.p.m.

c) 750 r.p.m.

d) none of these.

72) A three phase 440 V, 50 Hz induction motor has slip of 3%. The frequency of rotor emf
will be

a) 150 Hz

b) 15 Hz

c) 3 Hz

d) 1.5 Hz

Page 15 of 45
73) The full load slip of a 60Hz, 12 pole squirrel case induction motor is 5%, Its full load speed
is

a) 600 r.p.m.
b) 570 r.p.m.
c) 500 r.p.m.
d) 475 r.p.m.

74) The rotor emf of a 3 phase, 6 pole, 400 V, 50 Hz induction motor alternate at 3 Hz. The
speed of the motor will be

a) 980 rpm

b) 950 rpm

c) 940 rpm

d) 920 rpm.

75) A voltmeter gives 120 oscillations per minute when connected to the rotor of an
induction motor. The stator frequency is 50Hz. The slip of the motor is

a) 2% b) 2.5% c) 4% d) 5%
76) The direction of rotation of a 3-phase induction motor is clockwise when it is supplied
with 3-phase sinusoidal voltage having phase sequence A-B-C. For counter clockwise
rotation of the motor, the phase sequence of the power supply should be

a) B-C-A b) C-A-B c) A-C-Bd) B-C-A or C-A-B [GATE 2004]

77) Synchronous speed of an induction motor can be increased by

a) reducing the mechanical friction

b) increasing the supply voltage

c) increasing number of poles

d) increasing supply frequency

78) An 8-pole wound rotor induction motor operating at 60 Hz supply is driven at 1800 rpm by
a prime mover in the opposite direction of the revolving field. The motor current frequency is:

a) 60 Hz b) 120 Hz c) 180 Hz d) none of these

Page 16 of 45
79) In the equivalent circuit of three phase induction motor, the mechanical load on the
motor can be represented by a resistance of value (R 2=rotor resistance, s=slip)

a) R2/s b)R2(1-s) c)R2(1-s)/s d)R2/(1-s)

80) Blocked rotor test on a 3-phase induction motor helps to find out

a) short circuit power factor

b) fixed losses
c) motor resistance referred to stator
d) none of these.

81) For block rotor test of 3-phase induction motor, what is the value of resistance
representing the mechanical shaft load in the equivalent circuit of the machine?

a) Zero
b) infinity
c) equal to stator resistance
d) equal to rotor resistance

82) In an induction motor if p is the power delivered to a rotor and s is the slip, then the
power lost in rotor as copper loss, will be

p
p
b) s
2

d) s P
2

a) s c) sP

83) The rotor power output of a three phase induction motor is 15KW. The rotor copper
losses at a slip of 4% will be

b) 600W b) 625W c) 650W d) 700W

84) If the stator impedance in a 3-phase induction motor is neglected ,the maximum torque
will occur at starting if

a) r ′2= x′ 2 b) r ′2=2 x′ 2 c) r ′2= 0.5x′ 2 d) None of these

85) Maximum torque of a 3-phase induction motor is

a) independent of rotor resistance ‘r 2’

b) directly proportional to ‘r2’
c) inversely proportional to ‘r2’
d) proportional to ‘r22’.

Page 17 of 45
86) Maximum torque in a 3-phase induction motor varies as

a)f b)1/f c)1/f2 d)1/f3

87) The condition of maximum starting torque in an induction motor is

a) R2=X2/2 √
b) R 2= R12 + ( X 1 + X 2)
2

c) R2=(X1+X2)/2 d) R2=(R1+X1+X2)

88) For a slip ring induction motor, if the rotor resistance is increased, then

a) starting torque and efficiency increase

b) starting torque and efficiency decrease
c) starting torque decreases but efficiency increases
d) starting torque increases but efficiency decreases

89) Star-delta starting of poly-phase induction motor is equivalent to auto transformer

starting with a)85% tapping b)58% tapping c)52% tapping
d)33%tapping.

90) A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting torque of 150% and a
maximum torque of 300% with respect to rated torque at rated voltage and rated frequency.
Neglect stator resistance and rotational losses. The value of slip for maximum torque is

a) 13.48 % b) 16.24% c) 18.92% d) 26.79% [GATE

2007]

91) A starting torque of 80 N-m is developed in an induction motor by an auto-transformer

starter with a tapping of 30%. If the tapping of auto-transformer is 60%, then the starting
torque will be

a) 40 N-m b) 160 N-m c) 240 N-m d) 320 N-m

92) Under no-load condition, if the applied voltage to an induction motor is reduced from
rated voltage to half the rated value,

a) The speed decreases and the stator current increases

b) Both the speed and the stator current increases
c) The speed and the stator current remain practically constant

Page 18 of 45
 d) There is negligible change in the speed but the stator current decreases
[GATE
2005]

93) In an induction motor, 5% change in supply voltage will cause rotor torque variation of
above

a) 2.5% b) 5% c) 10% d) 50%

94) If the supply voltage decreases by 4%, the torque in a 3-phase induction motor would
decrease by a) 4% b) 16% c) 8% d) 6%

95) The phenomenon of crawling occurs in induction motors due to

a) low voltage b) high load c) jammed bearings d) harmonics developed in

the motor.

96) Skew is used in induction motors in order to reduce torque due to

a) Time harmonics
b) Space harmonics
c) Slot harmonics
d) Reverse rotating fields [GATE 1994]

97) Unbalanced 3 phase voltage supply to an induction motor results in excessive heating of

a) rotor shaft b) rotor c) stator d) none of these.

98) The slip of an induction motor normally does not depend on

1) Rotor speed b) synchronous speed c) shaft torque d) core loss component

[GATE
2012]

99) In an induction motor if the length of the air-gap is increased

a) Speed will reduce

b) Efficiency will improve

c) Power factor will be lowered

Page 19 of 45
 d) Breakdown torque will be reduced

100) The supply voltage to an induction motor is reduced by 10%. By what

percentage, approximately, will the maximum torgue decrease ?

a) 5% b) 10% c) 20% d) 40%

101) The phenomenon of crawling in a three phase induction motor may be due to
a) unbalanced supply voltage
b) 7th space harmonic of air gap field
c) 7th time harmonic of voltage wave
d) 5th space harmonic.

102) In a 3-phase induction mQtor if stator impedance is neglected, then the slip at maximum
torque is equal to

√ √
x2 r2 r2 x2
a) b) c) d)
r2 x2 x2 r2

103) The stator referred resistance in the equivalent circuit of an induction

motor, representing mechanical output is

r '2 ' 1 r2
a) b) r 2 ( −1) c)
S S S
DC Motor

1) The material used for brush is

a) graphite b) aluminium

c) mica d) wood.

2) Armature core of a dc machine is laminated to minimize

a) hysteresis loss b) eddy current loss c) mechanical loss d) temperature
rise

3) The number of parallel paths in a wave winding is

a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

4) The number of parallel paths for a simplex lap winding is equal to

a) Number of poles

b) Two

c) Number of pair of poles

Page 20 of 45
 d) None of these.

5) D.C. generator works on the principle of

a) Fleming's left hand rule b) Fleming's right hand rule c) Lenz's law d) none of these

6) In a 4-pole, 25 KW, 200V wave wound D.C. shunt generator the current in each parallel
path will be
a) 62.5A b) 125A c) 31.25A d) 250A

7) In normal D.C. machines operating at full-load conditions, the most powerful.

Electromagnet is
a) field winding b) armature
winding
c)Interpolewinding d) Interpole and Compensating windings together

8) A commutator in dc machines can

a) provide half wave rectification b) provide full wave rectification

c) convert ac to dc d) convert dc to ac e) both c & d

9) A lap wound dc generator has 400 conductors and 8 poles. The voltage
induced per conductor is 2V. The generator generates a voltage of
a)100 V b)200 V c)400 V d) 800 V.

10) The fl ux is maximum in which of the following parts of a dc motor?

a) Pole core

b) Under the interpole

c) Under leading pole ti p

d) Under trailing pole ti p

11) The waveform of armature mmf in a dc machine is

a) square b) rectangular c) triangular d) sinusoidal.

12) The compensating winding in a DC machine

a) is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction
b) is located on commutating poles for improving commutation
c) is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator surface
d) is located on pole shoes to avoid sparking at the brushes [GATE 2000]
13) The current in the armature of a DC motor is equal to
a) V/Ra b) Eb/Ra c) (E b-V)/Ra d) (V-Eb)/Ra

14) In a DC series motor torque is approximately proportional to

Page 21 of 45
 a) Ia2 b) I a c) V 2 d) V
15) The speed of a DC motor is proportional to
a) Eb/Ф b) Eb .Ф c) Ф/Eb d)1/E b.Ф

16) A DC series motor never be switched on to full voltage at no-load because

a) the field current is initially zero

b) the motor does not accelerate

c) the speed become dangerously high

d) it will take too long time to reach rated speed

17) The direction of rotation of a dc shunt motor can be reversed by interchanging

a) the supply terminals
b) b) the field terminals only
c) c) the armature terminals only
d) d) either field or field terminals only
18) In a dc machines the space distribution of air gap flux density wave at no load is
a) Sinusoidal b) co- Sinusoidal c) flat-topped d) rectangular
19) If the field of a dc shunt motor gets opened while the motor is running,then
a) speed of the motor will reduced.
b) motor will attain dangerously high speed
c) armature current will drop
d) armature will oscillate about original speed as the mean speed.
20) If speed of a dc shunt motor is increased above its rated speed, then its counter emf
a) Increase
b) b) decrease
c) c) remain unchanged
d) d) first increase and then decrease.
21) The efficiency of a dc shunt generator is maximum when
a) magnetic loss is equal to the mechanical loss
b) field ohmic loss is equal to the constant loss
c) stray load loss is equal to the armature circuit loss
d) armature circuit loss is equal to the sum of no-load rotational loss and field circuitl loss
22) The armature mmf in a dc machine is
a) stationary with respect to field poles
b) b) stationary with respect to armature
c) rotating with respect to field poles

d) rotating with respect to armature.

23) A DC shunt generator when driven without any excitation shows an open circuit voltage
of
10V. When the field winding is excited, the voltage dropped to zero. The reason is

a) There is no residual magnetism

b) Field resistance is greater than the critical resistance
c) Field winding is wrongly connected
d) None of these
24) If the load on a d.c. shunt motor is increased, its speed decreases primarily due to

Page 22 of 45
 a) increase in its flux
b) decrease in back emf
c) increase in armature current
d) increase in brushdrop.
25) In a D.C. series generator, the terminal voltage with the increase in load will
a) decrease b)increase c)remain constant d) none of these.

26) The current drawn by a 120V dc motor with back emf of 110V and armature resistance
of 0.4 ohm is
a) 4A b) 25A c)200A d) 10A

27) A 4-point starter is used to start a

a) DC shunt motor with armature resistance control
b) DC shunt motor with field weakening control
c) DC series motor
d) DC compound motor [GATE 2011]
28) An electric motor with ‘constant output power’ will have a torque speed characteristic in
the form of
a) a straight line through the origin
b) a straight line parallel to the speed axis
c) a circle about the origin
d) a rectangular hyperbola [GATE 2001]
29) A DC shunt motor is running at 1200 rpm, when excited with 220V DC. Neglecting losses
and saturation, the speed of the motor when connected to a 175 V DC supply is
e) 750 rpm b) 900 rpm c) 1050 rpm d) 1200 rpm [GATE 1999]

30) A dc series motor is running drawing a load current of 1A. if the load is reduced such
that the current drawn is halved; the speed of the motor would be approximately
a) unchanged b) reduced by 50% c) increase by 50% d) increase by 100%

31) Swinburne test is not possible for

a) DC series motor
b) Shunt motor
c) Induction motor
d) Cumulative compound motor

32) A cumulatively compounded dc generator is supplying 20A at 200V. Now if the series
field winding is short circuited, the terminal voltage
a) Will remain unaltered at 200V
b) Will rise to 220V
c) Will shoot up to very high value
d) Will become less than 200V

33) At a certain speed and flux, the voltage generated by a D.C. generator is 230 volts. If the
speed is increased by 20% and the flux is simultaneously reduced by 10%, the voltage
will be
(a) increased by 10%

(b) reduced by 20%

(c) increased by 8%

Page 23 of 45
 (d) decreased by 8%

34) The armature reaction mmf in a dc machine is

a) sinusoidal
b) trapezoidal
c) rectangular
d) triangular

35) For a P-pole machine, the relation between electrical degree( θe )and
mechanical degree (θm )is given by
2 4 P
a) θe = θ b) θe = θ c) θe = P θm d) θe = θ
P m P m 2 m

36) The armature resistance of a 6-pole lap wound d.c. machine is 0-05 ohm.
If the armature is rewound using a wave winding, then the
armature resistance will be

a) 0.45 ohm b) 0.30 ohm c) 0.15 ohm d) 0.10 ohm

GROUP-B
(Each question carries 5 marks)
DC Network Theorem

Page 24 of 45
1. Find the voltage across 2A current source using source transformation technique:

2. Find the value of ‘R’ if the voltage across 4A source is 5V using Source Transformation:

3. What is maximum power transfer theorem? Determine the condition for the maximum
power transfer. Show that the efficiency of the circuit becomes 50% at maximum power
transfer condition.
4. Find Thevenin’s voltage across a-b terminal in the circuit given below. Also find the
internal resistance across the open circuited a-b terminal, where R1=10ohm, R2=20ohm,
V1=10volt, V2= 20volt, I=5A. [ans. Vth=60V Rth=30Ω]

5. Determine the current through the 3 ohm resistance by Superposition Theorem & verify.

6. In the network calculate the resistances which will allow maximum power dissipated in it.
Also calculate the maximum power.

7. Define

Page 25 of 45
 a. Linear circuit
b. Non-linear circuit
c. Bilateral circuit
d. Unilateral circuit
e. Network.
f. Loop and Mesh
8. A network of resistances is formed as shown in the following figure. Compute the
resistance between the points A and B.

9. Determine the value of R in the following Figure such that the 4  resistance consumes
maximum power.

10. Establish the equivalence between Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems.

11. Find VAB from the circuit if all the resistances are of same value of 1 ohm.

12. Find the value of the current flowing through the load resistance (RL=10Ω) using
Norton’s Theorem:

Page 26 of 45
13. Find the current through 50Ω resistance using Superposition theorem.

14. A network of resistance is formed as given in the figure. Compute the resistance between
L and M.

15. Obtain the maximum power transferred to RL in the circuit and also the value of RL.

16. Applying superposition theorem compute the current through 2 Ω resistor.

Page 27 of 45
Ac fundamentals
1. Explain why power loss in a pure inductance / pure capacitance is equal to zero in an
A.C. circuit.
2. Explain what is meant by series resonance of a series R-L-C ac circuit. How do you
define Q- factor of such circuit.
3. Derive an Expression of
Average and R.M.S. value of a half-wave rectified voltage wave.
4. What is resonance? Deduce the expression of frequency in a series R-L-C circuit at
resonance.
5. At t=0, the instantaneous value of a 50Hz, sinusoidal current is 5Amp and increases in
magnitude further. Its R.M.S. value is 10 Amp.
a. Write the expression for its instantaneous value.
b. Find the current at t=0.01 and t=0.015 sec
c. Sketch the waveform indicating these values.
6. Derive a mathematical expression for R.M.S. value average value and form factor of a
sinusoidal voltage v=V m sin t
7. A constant frequency sinusoidal voltage source of magnitude V is connected to a series
circuit made of a resistance of 15Ω, a coil of winding resistance R and inductance L and a
50 µF capacitor. The voltage across the 15Ω resistor is 30V, across the coil is 50V, across
the capacitor is 40 V. the voltage across the combination of the 15Ω resistor and the coil
together is 72.11 V. Determine the values of the inductance L, winding resistance R and
the source voltage V.
8. A coil takes a current of 2A when connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal supply and
consumes 200 W. Calculate the resistance, impedance and inductance of the coil.
9. Derive an expression for the resonant frequency of a parallel circuit, one consisting
of a coil of inductance L and a resistance R and the other branch of capacitance C.
10. A series RLC circuit is fed from a sinusoidal voltage source. Voltage across any
element can never exceed the applied r.m.s voltage. Whether it is true of false?
11. A two element series circuit consumes 700W of power and has power factor of
0.707 leading when energized by a voltage source of wave-form ¿ 141 sin ⁡(314 t +30∘)
. Find out the circuit elements.
12. Define R.M.S value of an alternating quantity and derive its expression for
sinusoidal current.

Page 28 of 45
 1
13. A full wave rectified sinusoidal wave is clipped at of its maximum value.
√2
Calculate the average and r.m.s value of such a voltage waveform. Also calculate the
form factor and peak factor.
14. Two impedances Z 1 = (47.92 + j76.73) Ω and Z 2 = (10 – j5) Ω are connected in
parallel across a 200V, 50Hz supply. Find currents through each of the impedances
and total current. What is the phase difference angle of each branch current with
respect to the apply voltage.

Transformer :
1) Define an ideal transformer. Draw and explain the no load phasor diagram of an ideal
single phase transformer.
2) Explain with reasons, why transformer core is made up of silicon steel lamination.
3) Draw the schematic representation of a shell type transformer and core type
transformer. Which one of the two is suitable for use as a distribution transformer and
why?
4) Distinguish between core type and shell type transformer.
5) Derive expressions for the emf induced in the transformer windings.
6) Draw the exact equivalent circuit of a transformer and describe briefly the various
parameters involved in it.
7) Why is the low voltage winding placed near the core? Why is the core of a
transformer laminated?
8) Define voltage regulation of a transformer. Develop an expression for calculating the
voltage regulation of a two winding transformer under (i) lagging p.f., (ii) unity p.f.
and (iii) leading p.f.
9) Prove that efficiency of transformer is maximum when iron loss is equal to copper
loss.
10) Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a single phase transformer under loaded
condition.
11) Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a single phase transformer under lagging p.f.

DC Machine
1) With neat diagram, explain the functions of compensating windings in large DC
machines. Show the physical location of this winding in a DC machine.
2) Write down the function of the carbon brushes used in a DC machine.
3) Why are the pole shoes in a dc machine laminated through the field winding carries a direct
current and not an alternating current?
4) Derive the expression for emf generated in case of a DC machine and explain why lap
winding is preferred for low voltage high current machines.
ZN ΦP
5) For any DC machine, prove that E = 60 A [ all the parameters bear the usual meaning]

Page 29 of 45
6) State the utility of interpole and compensating winding.
7) Write short notes in i) armature reaction (ii) back-emf
8) Draw the operating characteristic curves
i) armature torque vs. armature current
ii) speed vs. torque and
iii) speed vs. armature current of dc shunt and series motor.
9) Determine the steps of the resistance for a shunt motor starter using resistance control
method.
10) Explain three point starter with neat diagram. What is the advantage of four point
starter over three point starter?
11) Derive an expression for the torque developed in the armature of a DC motor. Also
derive the expression of back emf developed in the armature of a DC motor. Describe
the different losses in a d.c. machine.
12) Explain with neat circuit diagram, the Ward-Leonard method of speed control of d.c
series motor. What are the advantages and disadvantages?
13) Draw and explain the method of speed control of a DC motor by flux control method.
Discuss the ranges of speed control by the flux control method.

14) Derive an expression of torque developed in a d.c. motor.

1. Derive necessary expression to draw the speed torque characteristics of d.c. series and
shunt motor.
2. Bring out the differences and explain why d.c. series motor is suitable for traction over
shunt motor from their speed-torque characteristics.

15) Derive a relation for determining the starter steps.

16) Derive the necessary expression to draw the speed torque characteristics of dc series motor
and shunt motor.
17) State the advantages of Hopkinson's test over Swinburn test.

Induction motor

18) When a balanced 3-phase voltage is applied to balanced three phase distributed stator
windings of a 3-Phase induction motor-'Rotating Magnetic Field is developed' Explain
using graphical approach.
19) Show that the application of 3-phase balanced supply to a 3-phase symmetrical winding
produces a rotating magnetic field of constant amplitude and speed.
20) Explain how a synchronously rotating magnetic field with constant magnitude is
produced in a 3-phase induction motor when a balanced 3-phase supply is applied to its
balanced 3-phase stator winding.
21) Explain the working principle of a 3-phase induction motor.
22) How the direction of rotation of 3-phase induction motor can be reversed? An induction
motor can never run at synchronous speed - Explain?
23) Define slip of an induction motor. Can it be negative? Why an induction motor cannot
run at synchronous speed? What is the value of slip at starting and at synchronous
speed?
24) Classify the three phase induction motor on the basis of its rotor construction. Describe
the constructional features of each type with the necessary diagrams.
25) Develop the equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction motor .Show that the mechanical
power developed can be represented by a pure resistance in the rotor circuit.

Page 30 of 45
 26) Draw the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor and phasor diagram when
it is operating on load.
27) Draw and explain the torque-slip or torque-speed curve of a three-phase induction
motor. In which portion of the curve the motor shall be operated and why?
28) For an induction motor, explain how the torque is proportional to slip when the slip has
a very small value and inversely proportional to slip when the value of slip is high.
29) Draw the torque-slip characteristics of a 3-phase induction motor. Indicate clearly on it
full-load torque, starting torque, maximum torque, stable and unstable zone. Why do
these motors run below synchronous speed?
30) Sketch and explain the torque-slip characteristics of a 3-phase induction motor using the
expression of the torque in terms of slip, show that maximum torque is independent of
rotor resistance. State assumption made if any.
31) Derive the expression for developed torque in a 3-phase induction motor and state the
condition for maximum torque. Also determine an expression for the mechanical power
developed.
32) Starting from the approximate equivalent circuit of a three phase induction motor,
derive the expression for maximum torque developed in a three phase induction
motor. Find the value of the rotor circuit resistance which is needed for obtaining the
maximum torque at the time of starting the induction motor?
33) Show that slip at which maximum torque of a poly-phase induction motor occurs is
directly proportional to the rotor resistance r 2 but the maximum torque T m is
independent of r2.
34) Draw and indicate the different parts of the speed-torque curve of an induction motor.
Indicate how this curve will vary with varying supply voltage and rotor circuit resistance.
35) Draw and explain in brief the different starting methods of a three phase induction
motor.
36) At the time of starting of a 3-phase slip ring induction motor, external resistance is added
with the rotor circuit. Explain the advantages obtained by doing so? Why the external
resistance which was added with the rotor circuit at the time of starting is removed
when the motor attains full load speed?
37) Show that a star-delta starter of a three phase induction motor is equivalent to an auto
transformer starter with 58% tapping.
38) What will be the rotor frequency of a 3-phase induction motor at the time of starting
and at the time of running?
39) Explain the principle of rotor-resistance starting of slip ring type induction motors.
40) Describe the methods of speed control of induction motors.
41) Explain the phenomena cogging and crawling of a 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor.
42) Why the rotor bar is skewed in case of squirrel case induction motor?
43) Induction motor cannot run at synchronous speed. Explain. If the motor is made to run
above synchronous speed, how will it behave?
44) A 3-phase induction motor is running at a very low load. If one supply phase is open
circuited, whether the motor will continue to run to drive the load ? If not, why not ? If
runs, what will be the line current? p.f. in both the cases may be assumed tobe same.

Power converters
1. Draw and explain Working principle of buck converter
2. Draw and explain boost converter working principle.
3. What is duty ratio? How to control it.

Page 31 of 45
 4. What is voltage source inverter

Group-C
(Long Answer Question and Each question carries 15 marks)
DC Network Theorem
1. State & prove Maximum Power transfer Theorem for D.C networks. Determine the
current Il through the 15 ohm resistor in the network given by Norton’s Theorem.
(7+8)

2. State and explain Thevenin’s Theorem. Find the currents through RBC, RCD, RBD in the
following circuit:

Page 32 of 45
3. State and explain superposition theorem. Calculate the current flowing through the 6Ω
resistor with the help of superposition theorem.

4. The galvanometer in fig. below has a resistance 0f 5Ω. Find the current through the
galvanometer of the whetstone bridge using Thevenin’s Theorem.

5. Find the current through 5 Ω resistor using Thevenin’s theorem in the fig.

6. Find the current through 5 Ω Resistor using Thevenin’s Theorem in the fig. Below

7. a. Find "the current through

resistance ( R L ) for the network
shown in the figure using the
superposition theorem
b. Find the value of R 2 for which the power transfer across R 2 is maximum. Find the
value of this maximum power.

8. (a) For the circuit shown below, determine the currents i1, i2, i3 using nodal analysis:

Page 33 of 45
 (b) For the circuit shown below, find the potential difference between a and d:

[6+4]
9. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit of the following figure between the terminals X-Y.

10. For the circuit shown in Figure determine

equivalent source current and source
resistance across A- B.

11. The value of E and I for the circuit shown

in figure. [Gate 1996]

12. Solve the circuit shown in fig using the mesh method of analysis and determine the mesh
currents I1,I2 and I3. Evalute the power developed in the 10V voltage source.

Page 34 of 45
13. Find the current in each branch of the network using Kirchhoff’s law

14. Explain (a) Star-delta conversion, (b) delta-star conversion with the help of purely
resistive circuit.
15. (a) Using Mesh Analysis, determine the currents I x and Iy in the network shown below:

(b) Determine the voltage across 3Ω resistor by applying Thevenin’s Theorem in the
following network.

16. Reduce the network given below to obtain the equivalent resistance as seen between
nodes a-d.

Page 35 of 45
 Ac fundamentals:
1. a) Write short notes on i) active & reactive power ii) power factor ii) apparent power.
b) The equation of an alternating current is i =62.35 sin (323 t) A. Determine its
i. Maximum value
ii. Frequency
iii. R.M.S. value
iv. Average value, and
v. Form factor
[5+5]
2. A circuit takes a current of 3 A at a power factor of 0.6 lagging when connected to a 115
V, 50 Hz supply. Another one circuit takes a current of 5 A at a power factor of 0.707
leading when connected to same supply after the first circuit is removed. If the two
circuits are connected in series across a 230 V, 50 Hz supply, Calculate
i. The current drawn from the source
ii. The power consumed
iii. The power factor of the circuit
[10]
3. a) Draw the circuit diagram, waveform of voltage and current, phasor diagram of (i)
purely resistive circuit. (ii) Purely inductive circuit. (iii) Purely capacitive circuit,
supplied by sinusoidal voltage.
b) Deduce the expression of resonance frequency in RLC series circuit.
[5+5]
4. a) Explain what are meant by phase and phase difference of sinusoidal waves.
b) A coil of resistance 30Ω and inductance 320mH is connected in parallel to circuit
consisting of 75Ω is series with 150µF capacitor. The circuit is connected to a 200V,
50Hz supply. Determine supply current and circuit power factor.
[2+8]
5. a) Prove that current in purely resistive circuit is in phase with applied AC voltage and
current in purely capacitive circuit leads applied voltage by 900 and draw their
waveforms.
b) A circuit consists of series combination of elements as resistance of 6Ω, inductance of
0.4H and a variable capacitor across 100V, 50Hz supply. Calculate
i. value of capacitance at resonance,
ii. voltage drop across capacitor and
iii. Q-factor of coil.
[5+5]
6. A 20  resistor, a choke coil having some inductance and some resistance and a capacitor
are connected in series across a 25V variable frequency source. When the frequency is
400 Hz, the current is maximum and its value is 0.5 A and the potential difference across

Page 36 of 45
 the capacitor is 150 V. Calculate the resistance and the inductance of the choke and the
capacitance of the capacitor.
7. A coil of resistance of resistance 2 ohms and inductance 0.01H is connected in series with
a capacitor across 200V mains. What must be the capacitance for maximum current at
25Hz? Find also the current and voltage in the capacitor.
[10]
8. A resistance of 100 ohms is connected with an inductance of 1.2 Henry and capacitance
of microfarad in series. The combination is connected across 100 volts and 50 Hz supply.
Find...
i. Current in the resistance
ii. Voltage across the capacitor
iii. Power consumed
iv. Draw the phasor diagram.
[10]
9. a) Derive a mathematical expression for the average real power delivered by a single
phase ac source with an emf of e = 2Emsint when the source current is i=2Imsin(t-
).
b) Define power factor of an AC circuit. State the major disadvantages of poor power
factor. [6+4]
10. Define power factor of an A.C. circuit. State the disadvantages associated with
having a low power factor.
Show that the active power of a purely capacitive circuit over a complete cycle is
zero.
11. a) Derive the expression of quality factor of a series R-L-C circuit at resonance.
[4]
b) A coil of resistance 10Ω and inductance 0.02H is connected in series with
another coil of resistance 6Ω and inductance 15mH across a 230V, 50Hz supply.
Calculate:
i. Impedance of the circuit
ii. Voltage drop across each coil
iii. The total power consumed by the circuit
[2+2+2]

Transformer
1(a) Explain with reasons as to why transformer core is made up of silicon steel lamination. 5

The open circuit and short circuit test data of a 5kVA, 200/400 volts, 50Hz, single
phase transformer are :
O.C. test: primary voltage=200 volts, I=0.75 A, W=75W
S.C. test: Primary voltage=18 volts, S.C current on the secondary side=12.5A, W=60
WFind the parameters of the equivalent circuits 5

Page 37 of 45
2(a) Draw the phasor diagram of single phase transformer for lagging power factor load. 5

(b) A 75 kVA transformer has 500 turn’s primary and 100 turns secondary. The
primary and secondary resistances are 0.4 ohms and 0.02 ohms respectively and the
corresponding leakage resistances are 1.5 ohms and 0.045 ohms respectively. The
supply voltage is 2200 volts. Calculate
The Equivalent impedance referred to the primary
The voltage regulation at power factor of 0.8 lagging 5

3(a) Prove that, the efficiency of the transformer is maximum when Iron loss is equal to
copper loss.

(b)A 75 kVA transformer has 500 turns in the primary and 100 turns at the secondary. The
primary and secondary resistances are 0.4 Ω and 0.02 Ω respectively and corresponding
leakage reactance are 1.5 Ω and 0.045 Ω resp. The supply voltage is 6600 volt.

Calculate:
Equivalent impedance referred to Primary
Equivalent impedance referred to Secondary
The voltage regulation at power of 0.8 lagging 6

4Explain why

5) the open circuit test on a transformer is conducted at a rated voltage,

6) usually the low voltage winding is excited and the high voltage wind ing
is open circuited for open circuit test,
7) the open circuit test gives core loss and short circuit test gives copper
loss,
8) Usually, L.V. winding is short circuited and H.V. winding is excited for
the short circuit test.
2.5x4

5(a) What are the different types of losses in a transformer? 4+6

The primary winding of a single phase transformer connected to a 500V, 50Hz

supply takes 1.41A and absorbs 125W with the secondary winding open
circuited. The secondary open circuit voltage is 250V. When the secondary
winding is short circuited and the primary is connected to a 250V, 50Hz
supply, the primary current is 15.1A and the power absorbed is 92W.
Determine the shunt and series components of the equivalent circuit. [Ans:
RO = 2000Ω, X φ = 360.32Ω, r e = 0.403Ω, x e = 16.06Ω]

6. (a) Write an expression for efficiency and develop a condition for maximum
efficiency.

Page 38 of 45
 A 11kV/230 V, 150 kVA single-phase transformer has a core loss of 1.4 kW and a
full load copper loss of 1.6 kW. Determine (i) the kVA load for maximum efficiency
and (ii) the maximum efficiency at unity power factor load. [Ans: 140.312
kVA, 98.04%] 5+5

7. (a) A 125 kVA transformer having a primary voltage of 2200V at 50Hz has 182
primary turns and 40 secondary turns. Neglecting losses, calculate (i) full load
primary and secondary currents and (ii) no load secondary induced emf.

[Ans: 56.82 A, 258.52 A, 483.52 V]

(b)The following test data were obtained on a 20kVA, 50 Hz; 1 ph, 2000/200V transformer

No load test: 200 V, 1 A, 120 W

Short circuit test: 60 V, 10 A, 300 W
Find (i) efficiency of the transformer at 1/2 of the full load and 0.8 p.f. lagging.
(ii) Maximum efficiency and the load at which it occurs.
[Ans: 97.62%; 63.2% of full load]

8(a) A 20 kVA Transformer has 400 turns on the primary and 40 turns on the secondary
winding. The primary is connected to 2kV, 50 Hz supply. Find the full load primary and
secondary currents, secondary emf and the maximum flux in the core .Neglect leakage drop
and no-load primary current. [Ans: Ifl=10A, I2=100A, E2=200V,
maximum flux=22.5mwb]

9. (a) A 415 V/220V transformer takes a no-load current of 1A and operates at a power
factor of 0.19 lagging when the secondary supplies a current of 100A at 0.8 pf lagging. Find
the primary current. [Ans:
53.27A]

(b) Explain the principle of operation of a transformer under loaded condition.

10 The secondary windings of a 2kVA, 2400/120V, 50 Hz single phase transformer is short

circuited and potential difference of 16.2 V produces a primary current of 6 A, the input
being 33.5 W. Calculate the total primary impedance, resistance and reactance.

[Ans: 2.7 Ω, 0.93 Ω, 2.54 Ω J

11. The open circuit and short circuit test data of a 5 kVA, 200/400 V, 50 Hz single phase
transformer are:

(i) O.C. test: primary voltage = 200V, I = 0.75A, W = 75W.

(ii) S.C. test: primary voltage = 18V, S.C. current on the secondary
side=12.5A,W=60W.
Find the parameters of the equivalent circuit.
[5+5]

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 [Ans.: RO = 2133.33 Ω, Xφ = 1232.6b Ω, re = 0.384 Ω, xe = 1.39 Ω
(all quantities are referred to h.v. side)]

12(a) A single phase 50Hz core type transformer has core of cross-section area 400sq. cms.
The permissible maximum flux density 1Wb/m2. Calculate the number of turns on the high
and low voltage sides for a 3000/220V ratio.

(b) Determine the full-load efficiency at unity power factor for the 4kVA, 200/400V,
50Hz single phase transformer of which the following are test figures:
O.C. test : 200V, 0.8A, 70W
S.C. test : 17.5V, 9A, 50W

14 a) Draw the phasor diagram of a single phase transformer under no load condition. [4]

b) the efficiency at unity power factor of a 6600/384V, 200KVA single phase transformer is
98% both at full load and at half load. Calculate the full load Cu loss and Core loss.
[6]

15. A 20 KVA, 2000/200V single phase transformer has a primary resistance of 2.1Ω and
secondary resistance of 0.02Ω. If the total iron loss equals 200W, find the efficiency on (i)
full load and a pf of 0.5 lagging, (ii) half load and a pf of 0.8 leading.

DC Machines
1) A 250 V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.6 ohm and a field resistance
of 250 ohm. When driving at 650 rpm, a constant torque load, the armature takes
20A. If it is required to raise the speed from 650 rpm, to 850 rpm, what resistance
must be inserted in the shunt field circuit assuming linear magnetization
characteristics?
2) A dc shunt machine when run as a motor on no-load takes 440 w at 220 V and
runs at 1000 r.p.m. The field current and armature resistance are 1.0 A and 0.5
respectively. Calculate the efficiency of the machine when running (i) as a
generator delivering 40 A at 220V and (ii) as a motor taking 40A from a 220V
supply.

3) A4 pole dc generator has a simplex lap winding with 144 coils each of 5 turns and
runs at 300 rpm. The resistance of each turn is 0.01 ohm. The pole pitch is 25пcm,
the armature length is 50 cm and the pole arc/pole pitch ratio is 0.7. If the air-gap
flux density is 0.5 wb/m2 , find
(i) average value of induced emf
(ii) armature resistance

4. A 250 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 ohm and field resistance of 250
ohm. The armature takes 20 A on load and runs at 600 r.p.m. It is required tom raise the
speed 800 r.p.m. Taking the torque constant. Find the additional resistance inserted in shunt

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field circuit assuming magnetic circuit unsaturated.

5. A 10 kW, 250V, shunt generator having an armature resistance of 0.1  and field resistanc
of 250 delivers full load at rated speed of 800 rpm and at rated voltage of 250 V. Machine
now runs as a motor while taking 10 kW at 250 V. Find the speed of the machine as motor.
Neglect brush contact drop.
6.A 8 pole compensated generator has 96 slots each containing 2000 Amp-conductors .The
ratio (pole arc/pole pitch) is 0.7.The length of interpole air gap is 1.25cm and the flux density
in the interpole air-gap is 0.3wb/m2 .Find the ampere turns per pole for the compensating and
interpole winding.
7. A 200V DC shunt motor having an armature circuit resistance of 0.2Ω and a field circuit
resistance of 100Ω draws a line current of 50A at the full load condition with a speed of 1500
rpm. Calculate the speed the machine at the half load condition
8. An eight – pole lap connected armature of a D.C. machine has 192 slots with 16
conductors per slot. The armature is driven at 600 rpm. If the useful flux per pole is 0.2 Wb,
calculate the generated e.m.f.
9. The armature of a four pole D.C. generator has 624 conductors. The armature is driven at
1500r.p.m. Calculate the useful flux per pole required to generate an e.m.f. of 220 volts.
10 .Two identical d.c. shunt machines when tested by Hopkinson's method, gave the
following data: Line voltage 230 V; Line current excluding both the field current 30A; Motor
armature current 230 A, Field currents 5 A and 4 A. If the armature resistance of each
machine (including brushes) is 0.025 ohms, calculate efficiencies of both the machines.
11. A dc shunt generator delivers 40 kW to 240 V when running at 450 rpm. The armature
and field resistances are 0 .03 ohm and 60 ohm respectively. Calculate the speed of the
machine running as a shunt motor and taking 40 kW input at 240V. Allow 1V drop per
brush.
12. A 230V, 4-Pole, Shunt motor has two circuit armatures winding with 500 conductors. The
armature resistance is 0.25 ohm, the field resistance is 125 ohm and the flux per pole is 0.02 wb.
Armature reaction is neglected. If the motor draws 14A from the mains, then find the speed and
the internal torque developed.
13. A 10kW 6-pole dc generator develops an emf of 200V at 1500 rpm. The armature has a lap
connected winding. The average flux density over a pole pitch is 0.9T. The length and diameter
of the armature are 0.25m and 0.2m respectively. Calculate.
a. The flux per pole
b. The total number of active conductors in the armature
c. The torque developed by the machine when the armature supplies a current of 50
amps.
Determine:

a) the dimagnetising ampere turns per pole and

b) Cross magnetizing ampere turns per pole in a 440 volt, 4 pole, 25 kW d.c.
generator with 32 slots having 12 conductors per slot in armature winding lap
connected when the brushes are given and actual shift of 10°the generator is not
provided with interpoles.

14. A 6-pole, 148A D.C. shunt generator has 480 conductors and is wave connected, Its field
current is 2A. Find the demagnetizing and cross magnetizing ampere-turns per pole at full
load, if
(i) Brushes are at GN.A. (ii) Brushes are shifted from GNA by 5° electrical

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 (iii) Brushes are shifted from GNA by 5° mechanical.

15. At 50% of full load, the armature current drawn by a dc shunt motor is 40A, when connected
to 200V dc mains. By decreasing the field current its speed is raised by 20%, causing a 10%
increase in the load torque. Calculate the percentage change in field current. The armature
resistance including the brushes is 1 ohm. Neglect saturation, armature reaction in the air gap and
the drop across the brush.
16. A 230 V DC shunt motor takes an armature current of 3.33 A at rated voltage and at a no-
load speed of 1000 rpm. The resistance of the armature circuit are respectively 0.3 ohm and
160 ohm. The Line current at full load and at rated voltage is 40A, Calculate, at full load, the
speed and the developed torque in case the armature reaction weakens the no load flux by
4%.
17. A shunt generator delivers 40KW at 240V when running at 450 rpm. The armature and
field resistances are 0.03 ohm and 60 ohm respectively. Calculate the speed of the machine
running as a shunt motor and taking 40KW input at 240V. Allow 1V per brush for contact
drop.
180What do you understand by armature reaction ? Explain the concept of demagnetizing
and crossmagnetizing armature ampere turns.
b) An 8-pole,120 kW, 600V, wave connected d. c. generator has 540 conductors and
is delivering fullload current. If brushes are shifted by 4° mechanical, calculate
i) demagnetizing
ii) cross-magnetizing
ampere-turns per pole.
Write short notes on Commutation in dc machine.

Induction motor
19) Determine the parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction motor from the
following test results:

No-load test: 400V, 9.5A, 1400 W

Block-rotor test: 200V, 50A, 7000W

20) No-load and blocked rotor test of a 415V, 3-phase, 50HP, star connected induction
motor gave the following results:

No-load test (line values): 415 V. 3.5 A. 250 W

Blocked rotor test (line value): 1 15V. 13A. 1660 W

Stator resistance/ph is 1.5 ohm.

Calculate equivalent circuit parameters.

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21) A three phase induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from a 50 Hz.
System. Calculate i) synchronous speed, ii) speed of rotor when slip 4% and iii) rotor current
frequency when rotor runs at 1200 r.p.m.

22) A 3 phase, star connected, 400 Volts, 50 Hz, 4 pole induction motor has the following per
phase constants in ohms referred to stator :

r1=0.15, x1=0.45, r2=0.12, x2=0.45, Xm=28.5

Fixed losses (Core, Friction and Windage) are 400 Watts.

Calculate the stator current, rotor speed and output torque of the motor when it is
operated at rated voltage, frequency and at 4 percent slip.

23) A 3, 6-pole induction motor is fed from 50 Hz supply. If the frequency of rotor emf at full
load is 2 Hz, find the full load speed and slip.

24) The power input to a three phase induction motor is 60kW. Total stator losses are 1kW.
Find the total mechanical power developed and the rotor copper loss per phase, if the motor is
running with a slip of 3%.

25) The shaft output power of a 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is 20 kW at 1440 rpm.
Total stator i 2r losses are 650 W and stator core losses are 720 W. Friction and windage
losses amount to 12% of shaft output power. Determine the rotor and stator input.

26) A 200 volt 3-phase 6 pole 60Hz slip ring induction motor has both its stator and rotor
connected in star. The rotor has half the turns of the stator. Full load (rated) speed is 1125
r.p.m .The rotor resistance is 0.08ohm/phase and locked rotor reactance is 0.4 ohm/phase.
Calculate (i) locked rotor voltage per phase (ii) rotor current per phase at rated speed (iii)
total rotor power developed.

27) A three phase 8 pole 60 Hz I.M is deliberately loaded to a point where pull out will occur.
The rotor resistance per phase is 0.3 ohm and motor stalls at 650 r.p.m. Calculate (i)
breakdown slip (ii) the locked rotor reactance (iii) the rotor frequency at max. torque point.

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The motor develops twice the full load torque when started with slip rings short circuited and
it runs at full load speed of 875 r.p.m. If a resistance per phase of 0.7 ohm is added to the
rotor circuit, find new speed and starting torque.

28) A 3-phase 3.3 kV, 24-pole, 50 Hz, star connected induction motor has slip ring rotor. The
rotor resistance and reactance per phase are 0.03 ohm and 0.5 ohm respectively. Determine
the following: (i) The speed at maximum torque and ii) Ratio of full-load torque to maximum
torque if full-load torque is obtained at 244 rpm.

29) A 3-phase induction motor has starting torque of 100% and a maximum torque of 200%
of full-load torque. Find slip at maximum torque.

30) A 400V, 50Hz, 4-pole, three phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.04Ω per
phase. The maximum torque occurs at a speed of 1200 rpm. Calculate the ratio of the starting
torque to the maximum torque.

31) A 10kW, 400V,3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz slip ring induction motor develops rated
output(i.e. 10kW) at rated voltage and frequency and with its slip rings short circuited. The
maximum torque equal to twice the full load torque, occurs at a slip of 10% with zero
external resistance in the rotor circuit. Stator resistance and rotational losses are neglected.

Determine:

(i) slip and rotor speed at full load torque

(ii) rotor ohmic loss at full load torque
(iii) Starting torque at rated voltage and frequency.

32) An 8 pole, 50 Hz, slip ring induction motor runs at 720 rpm on full load. The rotor
resistance per phase is 0.2 ohm. Calculate the additional resistance per phase to be inserted
into the rotor circuit if the speed is to be reduced to 600 rpm for full-load torque.

33) A 3-phase 3.3 kV, 24-pole, 50 Hz, star connected induction motor has slip ring rotor. The
rotor resistance and reactance per phase are 0.03 ohm and 0.5 ohm respectively. Determine
the speed at maximum torque. What resistance is to be added to give 75% of maximum
torque at starting? Neglect stator impedance.

44) a) Explain the star-delta starting of induction motor.

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b) A 12 kW, 3-phase, 6-pole, 50 Hz delta connected induction motor runs at 960 r.p.m. on
full load. If it takes 85 A on direct standing, find the ratio of the starting torque to full-load
torque with a star-delta .starter. Full load efficiency and power factor are 88% and 0-85
respectively.

Short notes
Write short notes on any three: [3 x 5]
(a) Three winding transformer
(b) Open delta connection in 3 phase transformers
(c) Difference between shell type and core type transformers
(d) Different starting methods of induction motors
(e) Star-delta starter of induction motor
(f) Single phase induction motor
(g) Speed control of induction motor
(h) Torque speed characteristics of 3phase induction motor.
(i) Dc-dc boost, buck converter
(j) Auto transformer
(k) 3phase transformer connection
(l) Eddy current losses
(m) Hysteresis loss
(n) Exciting Current of transformer
(o) Speed control of separately excited dc motor.
(p) Working principle of synchronous generator.

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